A kind of controller of current vortex retarder and its control method based on PWM control modes
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of automobile parts, specially a kind of current vortex retarder based on PWM control modes
Controller and its control method.
Background technology
For the automobile often travelled in mountain area or hilly country, when in order to make lower long slope for a long time and constantly lower or
It keeps stabilizing speed and mitigates or release the load of running brake, it usually needs install the auxiliary brakings such as retarder deceleration dress additional
It sets.
More and more Passenger Automobile Factories domestic in recent years are using current vortex retarder as product standard configuration or apolegamy, current vortex
Retarder improves safety, economy and the comfort of bus driving, and existing current vortex retarder mostly uses greatly high current
Relay grading control, generally 2 grades, 3 grades and 4 grades of relay classification, the switching between grade and grade directly switches, braking
The variation of torque is discontinuous;Mechanical handle switch is usually used to control in current vortex retarder, and bat-handle switch is opened
Pass sequence is always fixed, is generally carried out from 1 grade to last step sequence, and this control mode always allows forward gear excellent
It is first in running order, so that serious unbalance state at control relay and retarder work, service life is greatly shortened.
Another situation is in the case where control handle does not have gear to be all turned on, and retarder braking moment will occur
It is serious eccentric, mechanical structure can be caused to change, while also reducing the service life of retarder, using relay control mode
Controller also cannot achieve the senior control functions such as some constant currents, short-circuit protection, temperature protection;And PWM retarders control
Device realizes slow grading control with PWM control modes, may be implemented to take over seamlessly in gear shift, and (load abnormal always
When make an exception) be all gears while powering, so being not in retarder braking moment eccentricity issues, while can also realize perseverance
Stream, short-circuit protection, temperature protection function.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of controller of current vortex retarder and its controlling party based on PWM control modes
Method, current vortex retarder are a kind of novel non-contact deceleration devices, and brake efficiency is high, except can also drop in addition to stabilizing speed
Low wheel brake temperature improves the friction plate service life, improves safety, the ride comfort of running car;To solve above-mentioned background skill
The problem of being proposed in art.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:A kind of electric vortex buffering based on PWM control modes
Device controller and its control method, including the sampling of clamp circuit, power supply chip U1, numeral input sample circuit U13, simulation input
Circuit U 14, indicator light and alarm driving circuit U6, microcontroller U4 and CAN bus transceiving chip U11, clamp circuit is by voltage stabilizing
Diode Z1, zener diode Z2 and zener diode Z3 parallel connections are constituted;The ends the Vin series resistor R1 of power supply chip U1 and two poles
The pin 6 and 7 of pipe D1, power supply chip U1 concatenate the anode of zener diode Z4 and ground connection, the cathode of zener diode Z4 are connected to
The ends Vin of power supply chip U1, the access capacitance C1 in parallel on zener diode Z4;The pin 1 of zener diode Z4 is connected to 5V electricity
In pressure, the pin 2 of zener diode Z4 and 3 in parallel and access capacitance C2 and be connected on the pin 1 of zener diode Z4;
A kind of control method of the controller of current vortex retarder based on PWM control modes, includes the following steps:
S1:After microcontroller U4 obtains the signal of 1 grade, 2 grades, 3 grades or 4 grades of bat-handle switch from input circuit, to Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4
In such a way that PWM is controlled, the waveform that its output duty cycle is respectively 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% is controlled, to realize retarder difference
The output of braking moment;
S2:When gear switches over, pwm waveform is changed stepwise in a manner of smooth gradual change, to realize the flat of braking moment
Sliding gradual change;
S3:When current sampling circuit finds " retarder coil " L1, L2, L3, L4 overcurrent or excess temperature, reduce the duty ratio of PWM,
To play the purpose of constant current and overheat protector;When discovery " retarder coil " short circuit when immediately turn off Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 to avoid
" retarder coil " damages;
S4:When ABS has signal input, no matter bat-handle switch is in that position all exports closing control device;When controller connects
After receiving accelerator pedal signal, no matter bat-handle switch is in that position also exports closing control device.
Preferably, the pin of numeral input sample circuit U13(1-4)Respectively bat-handle switch(1-4)Shelves input terminal;Number
The pin " Speed " of input sampling circuit U13 is vehicle velocity signal input terminal, the pin of numeral input sample circuit U13
" ABS " is vehicle ABS signal input part;The also external 5V power voltage supplies of numeral input sample circuit U13.
Preferably, end " Temp. " of simulation input sample circuit U14 is retarder temperature input, and the end " Pedal " is vehicle
Throttle signal input terminal, simulation input sample circuit U14 will be input to after signals of vehicles filtering and conversion on microcontroller U4.
Preferably, in indicator light and alarm driving circuit U6, " PowerLED " is retarder work light;“LED1”
For the work of 1 grade of retarder when indicator light, indicator light when " LED2 " is 2 grades of work of retarder, when " LED3 " is 3 grades of work of retarder
Indicator light, indicator light when " LED4 " is 4 grades of work of retarder, " Buzzer " are that retarder is abnormal(More than set temperature, short circuit or
Open circuit)When indicator light.
Preferably, the pin 1 of microcontroller U4 and 2 series capacitance C4 and capacitance C5, in capacitance C4 shunt capacitance C3, in capacitance
The upper shunt capacitance C6 of C5;Microcontroller U4 is also connected with crystal oscillator X1, capacitance C8 and C9 composition crystal oscillating circuit.
Preferably, CAN bus transceiving chip U11 sends and receivees message by microcontroller U4;CAN bus transceiving chip
U11 concatenates current-limiting resistance R18 and current-limiting resistance R23, and the CANSTB pins of CAN bus transceiving chip U11 connect pull-up resistor R17;
The CAN_H and CAN_L of CAN bus transceiving chip U11 are clamped to meet common mode inductance L5, filter capacitor C10 and C12, diode D6;
The pin of CAN bus transceiving chip U11 also meets capacitance C11 and is grounded.
Preferably, microcontroller U4 also connects current sample chip, current sample chip by chip U2, chip U5, chip U8 and
Chip U10 composition, chip U2, chip U5, chip U8 and chip U10 respectively by current sampling resistor R4, resistance R9, resistance R14,
The voltage at the ends resistance R21 is converted to corresponding voltage value, is sampled for microcontroller U4.
Preferably, resistance R2, resistance R7, resistance R12, resistance R19 are the current-limiting resistance of microcontroller U4.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1, based on the control method of the controller of current vortex retarder of PWM control modes, the side for using microcontroller to be controlled with PWM
Formula controls current vortex retarder, to realize smooth braking, avoids the bias of braking moment;Zener diode Z1, two pole of voltage stabilizing
Pipe Z2, zener diode Z3, zener diode Z4 use high-power TVS, and protection is provided for entire circuit;Using the driving of low side
Mode completes core control with relatively low cost;It has been completed at the same time the sampling to each retarder coil current, has passed through list
After the processing of piece machine, to realize constant current and short-circuit protection;And this module is integrated with the function of " speed switch ", while module has
CAN bus communication function.
2, based on the control method of the controller of current vortex retarder of PWM control modes, in such a way that low side drives
" retarder coil " L1, L2, L3, L4 is controlled, the benefit driven using low side is that driving circuit structure is simple, at low cost.It can be very
Good solves the problems, such as controller and " retarder coil " service life, because electronic type controller of current vortex retarder is contactless
, as long as reasonable design service life will be considerably beyond mechanical relay formula controller.And the present invention is using microcontroller as work
Constant current, short-circuit protection, temperature protection and gear switch smooth gradual change function may be implemented in core completely, and can be according to visitor
The requirement at family demarcates temperature protection, constant current and the value of short-circuit protection to rewrite program, and without change hardware circuit, it answers
With more flexible.
3, based on the control method of the controller of current vortex retarder of PWM control modes, controller has CAN bus mould
Oneself state information can be sent to bus, or receive vehicle body signal from bus by block, keep module application more flexible, function
It is more perfect.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the single chip circuit schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the clamp circuit schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the power supply chip circuit diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the numeral input sample circuit schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the simulation input sample circuit schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the indicator light and alarm driver circuit schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the CAN bus transceiving chip circuit diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 8 figures in such a way that PWM is controlled for Q1 of the invention;
Fig. 9 figures in such a way that PWM is controlled for Q2 of the invention;
Figure 10 figures in such a way that PWM is controlled for Q3 of the invention;
Figure 11 figures in such a way that PWM is controlled for Q4 of the invention;
Figure 12 is that the Q1 of the present invention controls the oscillogram that its output duty cycle is 25% with PWM;
Figure 13 is that the Q2 of the present invention controls the oscillogram that its output duty cycle is 50% with PWM;
Figure 14 is that the Q3 of the present invention controls the oscillogram that its output duty cycle is 75% with PWM;
Figure 15 is that the Q4 of the present invention controls the oscillogram that its output duty cycle is 100% with PWM.
Specific implementation mode
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation describes, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
- 15 are please referred to Fig.1, the present invention provides a kind of technical solution:A kind of current vortex retarder based on PWM control modes
Controller and its control method, including clamp circuit, power supply chip U1, numeral input sample circuit U13, simulation input sampling electricity
Road U14, indicator light and alarm driving circuit U6, microcontroller U4 and CAN bus transceiving chip U11, clamp circuit is by voltage stabilizing two
Pole pipe Z1, zener diode Z2 and zener diode Z3 parallel connections are constituted;The ends the Vin series resistor R1 and diode of power supply chip U1
The pin 6 and 7 of D1, power supply chip U1 concatenate the anode of zener diode Z4 and ground connection, the cathode of zener diode Z4 are connected to electricity
The ends Vin of source chip U1, the access capacitance C1 in parallel on zener diode Z4;The pin 1 of zener diode Z4 is connected to 5V voltages
On, the pin 2 of zener diode Z4 and 3 in parallel and access capacitance C2 and be connected on the pin 1 of zener diode Z4;Zener diode
Z1, zener diode Z2 and zener diode Z3 are high-power TVS, constitute clamp circuit, when input supply voltage is excessively high, pincers
Position circuit protects entire circuit voltage clamp to zone of reasonableness;Power supply chip U1 be circuit with stable power supply, two
Pole pipe D1 only allows electric current to be poured into from the ends Vin of power supply chip U1, without being poured into from the ends GND;Resistance R1 and zener diode
Z1 constitutes clamp circuit, and when input supply voltage is excessively high, clamp circuit will be input to the voltage clamp of power supply chip U1 to reasonable
Range;Capacitance C1 is filter capacitor, is filtered to input power;Capacitance C2 is filter capacitor, is filtered to out-put supply.
The pin of numeral input sample circuit U13(1-4)Respectively bat-handle switch(1-4)Shelves input terminal;Numeral input is adopted
The pin " Speed " of sample circuit U 13 is vehicle velocity signal input terminal, and the pin " ABS " of numeral input sample circuit U13 is vehicle
ABS signal input parts;The also external 5V power voltage supplies of numeral input sample circuit U13;Numeral input sample circuit U13 is by vehicle
Non- microcontroller U4(MCU)The level that can be received, is converted to the level that microcontroller U4 can be received.
End " Temp. " of simulation input sample circuit U14 is retarder temperature input, and the end " Pedal " is vehicle accelerator
Signal input part, simulation input sample circuit U14 are input to after signals of vehicles is filtered and converted on microcontroller U4.
In indicator light and alarm driving circuit U6, " PowerLED " is retarder work light;" LED1 " is slow
Indicator light when 1 grade of work of device, indicator light when " LED2 " is 2 grades of work of retarder, " LED3 " are indicated when being 3 grades of work of retarder
Lamp, indicator light when " LED4 " is 4 grades of work of retarder, " Buzzer " are that retarder is abnormal(More than set temperature, short circuit or break
Road)When indicator light.
The pin 1 of microcontroller U4 and 2 series capacitance C4 and capacitance C5, in capacitance C4 shunt capacitance C3, on capacitance C5 simultaneously
Join capacitance C6;Microcontroller U4 (MCU) is the core devices of circuit, and signal is completed by executing the program of burned chip interior
Processing work, capacitance C3, capacitance C4, capacitance C5, capacitance C6 and capacitance C7 are filter capacitor, for microcontroller power supply filter;
Microcontroller U4 is also connected with crystal oscillator X1, capacitance C8 and C9 composition crystal oscillating circuit, and stable working frequency is provided for microcontroller U4.
CAN bus transceiving chip U11 sends and receivees message by microcontroller U4;CAN bus transceiving chip U11 concatenations
The CANSTB pins of current-limiting resistance R18 and current-limiting resistance R23, CAN bus transceiving chip U11 connect pull-up resistor R17;CAN bus
The CAN_H and CAN_L of transceiving chip U11 are clamped to meet common mode inductance L5, filter capacitor C10 and C12, diode D6;CAN bus is received
The pin of hair chip U11 also meets capacitance C11 and is grounded;Common mode inductance L5 interferes for CAN_H and CAN_L filtering common modes.
Microcontroller U4 also connects current sample chip, and current sample chip is by chip U2, chip U5, chip U8 and chip U10
Composition, chip U2, chip U5, chip U8 and chip U10 are respectively by current sampling resistor R4, resistance R9, resistance R14, resistance R21
The voltage at end is converted to corresponding voltage value, is sampled for microcontroller U4;Resistance R2, resistance R7, resistance R12, resistance R19 are list
The current-limiting resistance of piece machine U4.
A kind of control method of the controller of current vortex retarder based on PWM control modes, includes the following steps:
The first step:After microcontroller U4 obtains the signal of 1 grade, 2 grades, 3 grades or 4 grades of bat-handle switch from input circuit, to Q1, Q2,
Q3, Q4 control the waveform that its output duty cycle is respectively 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% in such a way that PWM is controlled, slow to realize
The output of device different braking torque;
Second step:When gear switches over, pwm waveform is changed stepwise in a manner of smooth gradual change, to realize braking moment
Smooth gradual change;
Third walks:When current sampling circuit finds " retarder coil " L1, L2, L3, L4 overcurrent or excess temperature, reduce accounting for for PWM
Empty ratio, to play the purpose of constant current and overheat protector;When discovery " retarder coil " short circuit when immediately turn off Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 with
" retarder coil " is avoided to damage;
4th step:When ABS has signal input, no matter bat-handle switch is in that position all exports closing control device;Work as control
After device receives accelerator pedal signal, no matter bat-handle switch is in that position also exports closing control device.
The present invention is integrated with the function of speed switch, even if having the input of bat-handle switch signal, control when speed is too low
Device will also close retarder, to prevent consumption vehicle power supply;When microcontroller obtains 1 grade, 2 grades, 3 grades of bat-handle switch from input circuit
Or after 4 grades of signal, to Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 in such a way that PWM is controlled, control its output duty cycle be respectively 25%, 50%, 75%,
100% waveform, to realize the output of retarder different braking torque;When gear switches over, pwm waveform is with smoothly gradually
The mode of change is changed stepwise, to realize the smooth gradual change of braking moment.When current sampling circuit find " retarder coil " L1,
When L2, L3, L4 overcurrent or excess temperature, reduce the duty ratio of PWM, to play the purpose of constant current and overheat protector;When discovery " retarder
Coil " immediately turns off Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 and is damaged to avoid " retarder coil " when short-circuit.
In 4th step of the control method of the above-mentioned controller of current vortex retarder based on PWM control modes, controller is same
Sample is also applied for the controller of 2 grades or 3 grades, as long as removing unwanted circuit on the basis of the present invention can complete to be transformed.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Any one skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technique and scheme of the present invention and its
Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.