CN108297404B - Continuous fiber 3D printing device and method - Google Patents
Continuous fiber 3D printing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108297404B CN108297404B CN201710965146.3A CN201710965146A CN108297404B CN 108297404 B CN108297404 B CN 108297404B CN 201710965146 A CN201710965146 A CN 201710965146A CN 108297404 B CN108297404 B CN 108297404B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
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Abstract
The invention provides a 3D printing device and method for continuous fibers, which comprises a fiber roller, a glue dipping part and a printing part, wherein the glue dipping part is provided with a shell filled with resin solution, a tensioning roller, a glue dipping split roller and a traction roller are sequentially arranged in the shell, the tensioning roller is arranged above the liquid level of the resin solution and used for providing partial pre-tightening force for dry fibers under the action of friction force, the glue dipping split roller is arranged below the liquid level of the resin and forms an included angle with the tensioning roller, and the traction roller is arranged above the liquid level of the resin and used for providing traction force; the dry fiber enters the dipping part through the fiber roller, is sequentially dipped by the tensioning roller, the dipping split roller and the traction roller, and is printed by the printing part. Compared with the 3D printing of the existing resin, the strength of the obtained finished piece is improved by more than 4 times, and a foundation is laid for the application of high-performance printing parts in the field of aerospace.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a continuous fiber 3D printing device and method, and belongs to the technical field of composite material manufacturing.
Background
The 3D printing technology, also called additive manufacturing, is a technology of manufacturing a three-dimensional object by adding materials layer by a printing apparatus according to a pre-designed stereoscopic model. The technology integrates the advanced technologies in the fields of digital modeling technology, electromechanical control technology, information technology, material science, chemistry and the like, is one of the rapid prototyping technologies, and is known as the core technology of the third industrial revolution. Among them, the printing technology of thermoplastic resin is a major component, has been developed and applied in the fields of automobiles, medicines, foods and the like, and has become one of the hot spots sought after at home and abroad.
At present, the printing technology of the thermoplastic resin mainly takes pure resin or thermoplastic resin added with reinforced particles as printing, and the material has high toughness, low modulus and low strength and can not meet the requirements of parts in the field of aerospace. In order to improve the mechanical bearing of the material, domestic and foreign research institutions develop a workpiece for melt printing continuous fibers; however, in the process, the high-viscosity resin is difficult to completely soak the dry fiber, so that the internal quality and the appearance quality of the product are influenced; meanwhile, part of the resin which is easy to oxidize and degrade is not suitable for a method of printing by a melting method.
Disclosure of Invention
The following presents a simplified summary of the invention in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the invention. It should be understood that this summary is not an exhaustive overview of the invention. It is not intended to determine the key or critical elements of the present invention, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is discussed later.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a continuous fiber 3D printing device and a continuous fiber 3D printing method, the strength of a workpiece obtained by the device and the method is improved by more than 4 times compared with that of a pure resin 3D printing method, and the technical difficulty and the cost are directly reduced.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
in one aspect, the present invention provides a continuous fiber 3D printing apparatus, comprising:
the fiber spinning device comprises a fiber roller, a glue dipping part and a printing part, wherein the glue dipping part is provided with a shell filled with resin solution, a tensioning roller, a glue dipping split roller and a traction roller are sequentially arranged in the shell, the tensioning roller is arranged above the liquid level of the resin solution and used for providing partial pre-tightening force for dry fibers under the action of friction force, the glue dipping split roller is arranged below the liquid level of the resin and forms an included angle with the tensioning roller, and the traction roller is arranged above the liquid level of the resin and used for providing traction force; the dry fiber enters the dipping part through the fiber roller, is sequentially dipped by the tensioning roller, the dipping split roller and the traction roller, and is printed by the printing part.
Further, the resin solution is preferably a solvent-type thermoplastic resin solution;
further, the viscosity of the resin solution is preferably not higher than 1Pa · s;
furthermore, the tension roller is a metal roller which can rotate along the central shaft;
furthermore, the impregnation split roller consists of two metal rollers which can rotate along a central shaft;
furthermore, the drawing roller consists of two metal rollers which rotate oppositely;
further, the printing part comprises a spinneret and a platform, wherein the spinneret is arranged on a movable part so that the spinneret can move; depositing the impregnated fiber on the platform after passing through a spinneret;
furthermore, the printing part also comprises a hot air flow supply part which is arranged on the movable part and is used for providing a heat source for the impregnated fiber after the fiber is discharged out of the spinneret;
furthermore, the platform and the hot air flow supply part can be controlled in temperature, and the highest temperature does not exceed 80 ℃;
on the other hand, the invention also provides a continuous fiber 3D printing method, which is characterized in that: printing was performed from "dry" fibers using the apparatus described above.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the novel continuous fiber 3D printing device and method provided by the invention, a printing mode different from the existing off-line gumming mode (namely, the used raw material fiber is a gummed fiber wire) is adopted, and the printing mode is carried out while gumming by adopting dry fiber as a raw material, so that the step of preparing a high-difficulty wire is omitted, and the defects of easy oxidation, easy degradation, high viscosity and the like of the existing off-line gumming raw material are overcome. On one hand, the invention provides a premise for fully soaking fibers by utilizing the characteristic of rapid presoaking of solvent type thermoplastic resin, and also provides an application approach for part of refractory thermoplastic resin easy to be decomposed by heat; on the other hand, the invention uses the infiltration mode of 'three groups of roller systems', after the fiber passes through the 'tensioning roller, the impregnation roller and the active traction roller', the traction force on the fiber can be reduced to zero, the subsequent migration force is all from the acting force of the adhesion of the pre-impregnated fiber tows, the probability of fiber damage in the printing process can be effectively reduced, and the problem of 'forced migration after in-situ laying' caused by overlarge fiber stress can be effectively controlled; moreover, the invention does not relate to a high heat source, only has a hot air flow supply device and a thermal platform which are not higher than 80 ℃, can effectively avoid chemical reactions such as molecular chain crosslinking, molecular chain breaking and the like caused by heating of the thermoplastic resin, keeps the original structure and performance of the thermoplastic resin, reduces the risk of degradation of thermoplastic molecules, adopts a mode of quickly drying the hot air flow and the thermal platform, and ensures that the solvent is quickly volatilized under the action of the hot air flow, thereby ensuring the quick bonding of the wires.
The device and the method provide a new way for 3D printing of continuous fibers, the strength of the obtained finished piece is improved by more than 4 times compared with the 3D printing of the existing resin, a foundation is laid for the application of high-performance printing parts in the field of aerospace, meanwhile, the step of preparing high-difficulty wires is omitted, the dry fibers are directly applied to the printing technology, and the technical difficulty and the cost are reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of one embodiment of a continuous fiber 3D printing apparatus provided by the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an impregnation part in a continuous fiber 3D printing apparatus provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details.
It should be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention with unnecessary details, only the device structures and/or processing steps that are closely related to the scheme according to the present invention are shown in the drawings, and other details that are not so relevant to the present invention are omitted.
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a continuous fiber 3D printing apparatus including:
the impregnation part is provided with a shell 10 filled with resin solution, a tensioning roller 4, an impregnation split roller 6 and a traction roller 5 are sequentially arranged in the shell 10, the tensioning roller 4 is arranged above the liquid level of the resin solution and used for providing partial pre-tightening force for dry fibers under the action of friction force, the impregnation split roller 6 is arranged below the liquid level of the resin and forms an included angle with the tensioning roller 4, and the traction roller 5 is arranged above the liquid level of the resin and used for providing traction force; the dry fiber enters a glue dipping part through a fiber roller 1, is subjected to glue dipping through a tensioning roller 4, a glue dipping split roller 6 and a traction roller 5 in sequence, and is printed through a printing part.
The continuous fiber 3D printing device provided by the embodiment can reduce the gum dipping tension to the minimum in order to ensure that the fiber can be divided into three parts, namely a tensioning roller, a gum dipping split roller and an active traction roller, wherein the fiber bundle is tiled and unfolded under the action of the traction roller, and the resin solution is rapidly migrated into the fiber bundle under the pressure of a delivery roller in the motion processes of fiber unfolding, migration and the like. The presoaked fiber bundles are moved out of the equipment under the action of force, dry fibers are adopted as raw materials in the embodiment, glue dipping and printing are carried out simultaneously, the step of preparing high-difficulty wires is omitted, the defects that the existing off-line glue dipping raw materials are easy to oxidize and degrade, the viscosity is high and the like are overcome, on the other hand, the soaking mode of three groups of roller systems is adopted, after the fibers pass through a tensioning roller, a glue dipping roller and a driving traction roller, the traction force on the fibers can be reduced to zero, the subsequent migration force is from the acting force of the adhesion of the presoaked fiber tows, the probability of fiber damage in the printing process can be effectively reduced, and the problem of 'stress migration after in-situ laying' caused by overlarge fiber stress can be effectively controlled.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the resin solution is preferably a solvent-based thermoplastic resin solution, and the viscosity thereof is not higher than 1Pa · s;
by applying the configuration mode, the characteristic of rapid presoaking of the solvent type thermoplastic resin is utilized, the premise is provided for full infiltration of fibers, and an application approach is provided for the thermoplastic resin which is partially infusible and easy to be decomposed by heat.
As an embodiment of the present invention, in the dipping portion:
the tension roller 4 is configured as a metal roller which can rotate along a central shaft; providing partial pre-tightening force under the action of friction force;
further, the impregnation split roller 6 consists of two metal rollers which can rotate along a central shaft, the two metal rollers are arranged up and down, and the impregnation split roller 6 is positioned below the liquid level of the resin; by applying the configuration mode, a certain angle is formed between the fiber and the tensioning roller 4 to form tensioning-unfolding force, so that the fiber is spread when running to the surface of the gumming split roller 6, and meanwhile, the resin moves to form a pressurizing area by the opposite rotation trend of the gumming split roller 6, and the fiber is accelerated to be soaked by the resin;
further, the drawing roller 5 consists of two metal rollers which rotate in opposite directions, and the two metal rollers are arranged up and down; by applying the configuration mode, the traction roller 5 is set as a driving roller with adjustable rotating speed, the rotating speed can be adjusted by an external motor, so that the power for fiber traction is provided, and the traction power after passing through the traction roller 5 is provided by the adhesive force of a workpiece.
As an embodiment of the invention, the shell 10 is connected with a resin injection pipe, if the liquid level of the resin in the shell 10 is too low, the resin solution can be added through the pipe;
as an embodiment of the invention, the device further comprises conveying pipes 2, wherein the conveying pipes 2 are respectively arranged between the fiber roller 1 and the gumming part and between the gumming part and the printing part and are used for conveying the dry fibers and the prepreg fibers;
further, the conveying pipe is preferably a PE pipe with the inner diameter not larger than 5 mm.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the printing part is configured to include a spinneret 8 and a stage 9, the spinneret 8 is disposed on a movable member so that the spinneret 8 can be moved; depositing the impregnated fiber on the platform 9 after passing through a spinneret 8; wherein the configuration of the movable member is well known in the art;
further, the printing part also comprises a hot air flow supply part 7, and the hot air flow supply part 7 is arranged on the movable part and is used for providing a heat source for the impregnated fiber after the fiber is discharged out of a spinneret 8;
furthermore, the platform and the hot air flow supply part can be controlled in temperature, and the highest temperature is not more than 80 ℃.
By applying the configuration mode, the pre-impregnated fiber is placed in the environment of hot air flow after passing through the spinneret; the solvent is accelerated to volatilize under the action of hot air flow, the resin is rapidly increased in viscosity and is bonded and solidified with the platform or the resin deposited on the platform, so that the position of the fiber is fixed and the traction force of the pre-impregnated fiber is provided, and the steps are repeated, and finally a finished piece is formed.
As an embodiment of the invention, a fine channel and a nozzle are arranged on the spinneret 8, the diameter of the channel is not less than the diameter of the nozzle, and the diameter of the nozzle is generally 0.2-1 mm;
as an embodiment of the present invention, the hot air supply portion may be a hot air fan.
Therefore, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a continuous fiber 3D printing method, which is characterized in that: printing was performed from "dry" fibers using the apparatus described above.
The device and the method provided by the embodiment of the invention provide a new way for 3D printing of continuous fibers, the strength of the obtained finished piece is improved by more than 4 times compared with the 3D printing of the existing resin, a foundation is laid for the application of high-performance printing parts in the field of aerospace, meanwhile, the step of preparing high-difficulty wires is omitted, the dry fibers are directly applied to the printing technology, and the technical difficulty and the cost are reduced.
Features that are described and/or illustrated above with respect to one embodiment may be used in the same way or in a similar way in one or more other embodiments and/or in combination with or instead of the features of the other embodiments.
It should be emphasized that the term "comprises/comprising" when used herein, is taken to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps or components but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, components or groups thereof.
The many features and advantages of these embodiments are apparent from the detailed specification, and thus, it is intended by the appended claims to cover all such features and advantages of these embodiments which fall within the true spirit and scope thereof. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the embodiments of the invention to the exact construction and operation illustrated and described, and accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to, falling within the scope thereof.
The invention has not been described in detail and is in part known to those of skill in the art.
Claims (4)
1. A continuous fiber 3D printing device, comprising: a fiber roller, a dipping part and a printing part, wherein,
the impregnation part is provided with a shell filled with resin solution, a tensioning roller, an impregnation split roller and a traction roller are sequentially arranged in the shell, the tensioning roller is arranged above the liquid level of the resin solution and used for providing partial pre-tightening force for dry fibers under the action of friction force, the impregnation split roller is arranged below the liquid level of the resin and forms an included angle with the tensioning roller, and the traction roller is arranged above the liquid level of the resin and used for providing traction force; the dry fiber enters a glue dipping part through a fiber roller, the glue dipping is completed through the tensioning roller, the glue dipping split roller and the traction roller in sequence, and then printing is performed through a printing part, the resin solution is a solvent type thermoplastic resin solution, and the tensioning roller is a metal roller capable of rotating along a central shaft; the gumming split roller consists of two metal rollers which can rotate along a central shaft; the traction roller consists of two metal rollers which rotate in opposite directions; the printing part comprises a spinneret and a platform, wherein the spinneret is arranged on a movable part so that the spinneret can move; depositing the impregnated fiber on the platform after passing through a spinneret; the printing part also comprises a hot air flow supply part which is arranged on the movable part and is used for providing a heat source for the impregnated fiber after the fiber is discharged out of the spinneret.
2. The continuous fiber 3D printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the viscosity of the resin solution is not higher than 1 Pa-s.
3. The continuous fiber 3D printing device according to claim 1, wherein: the platform and the hot air flow supply part can be controlled in temperature, and the highest temperature is not more than 80 ℃.
4. A continuous fiber 3D printing method is characterized in that: printing from "dry" fibres using the apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 3.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710965146.3A CN108297404B (en) | 2017-10-17 | 2017-10-17 | Continuous fiber 3D printing device and method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710965146.3A CN108297404B (en) | 2017-10-17 | 2017-10-17 | Continuous fiber 3D printing device and method |
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| CN108297404A CN108297404A (en) | 2018-07-20 |
| CN108297404B true CN108297404B (en) | 2020-08-04 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109049687B (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2021-06-22 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | 3D printing raw material, 3D printing method thereof and 3D printing part |
| CN112810141B (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2022-08-30 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | Execution head device for additive manufacturing of continuous resin fibers |
| CN112810151B (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2022-12-06 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | Yarn spreading and cutting device of additive manufacturing execution head |
| CN113787710A (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2021-12-14 | 西安交通大学 | 3D printing system and method for continuous fiber reinforced thermosetting resin composite material |
| CN113925187A (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2022-01-14 | 南昌大学 | Hot air heating type food 3D printing nozzle and application |
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| ITUB20155642A1 (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2017-05-17 | Milano Politecnico | Equipment and method for three-dimensional printing of continuous fiber composite materials |
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