CN108296725B - Split type differential mechanism shell inner expansion processing method - Google Patents
Split type differential mechanism shell inner expansion processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108296725B CN108296725B CN201810337661.1A CN201810337661A CN108296725B CN 108296725 B CN108296725 B CN 108296725B CN 201810337661 A CN201810337661 A CN 201810337661A CN 108296725 B CN108296725 B CN 108296725B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B31/00—Chucks; Expansion mandrels; Adaptations thereof for remote control
- B23B31/40—Expansion mandrels
- B23B31/404—Gripping the work or tool by jaws moving radially controlled by conical surfaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/10—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work
- B23Q11/1038—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work using cutting liquids with special characteristics, e.g. flow rate, quality
- B23Q11/1053—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work using cutting liquids with special characteristics, e.g. flow rate, quality using the cutting liquid at specially selected temperatures
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for machining a differential shell, in particular to a method for machining a split type differential shell through internal expansion. The differential mechanism shell machining device mainly solves the technical problems that in the prior art, the differential mechanism shell machining operation is not simple and convenient when the differential mechanism shell is clamped, the positioning is not accurate, a workpiece is easy to shake during machining, the machining precision is poor, the coaxiality of an inner spherical surface is poor, the machining efficiency is low, and the like. The method of the invention comprises the following steps: inserting the inner end of the split differential shell blank into a positioning block of an internal expansion type positioning clamp for fixing; the feeding bearing mounting position cutter cuts the split differential shell, so that the bearing mounting position excircles at two ends of the split differential shell are formed simultaneously; the split differential shell is cut again by the feeding forming cutter, so that an inner gear installation spherical cambered surface of the split differential shell is machined; and (4) separating the finished product of the split differential shell from the positioning block to finish processing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for machining a differential shell, in particular to a method for machining a split type differential shell through internal expansion.
Background
The car differential shell is an important part in a car transmission system, and the product is characterized in that the precision requirements of the axial hole and the spherical surface of an inner cavity are high, and the spherical surface is limited by the product structure, so that the processing difficulty is high. The Chinese patent discloses a grinding system and a grinding method of a differential shell blank (publication number: CN 106078439A), which comprises the following steps: A. a differential case to be processed is arranged in a storage box with a closed bottom plate, the storage box is hoisted into a hopper-shaped bin, the differential case rolls from the storage box into the hopper-shaped bin, and a vibrator works to enable the leftmost first differential case to roll into a storage tank leftwards; B. the driving plate mechanism works, the differential shell is stirred to move leftwards and fall onto a first clamping mechanism, the differential shell is clamped by the first clamping mechanism, a piston rod of a sliding table cylinder pushes the first clamping mechanism leftwards, the large end face and the small end face of the differential shell reach an end face grinding machine, and the large end face and the small end face are ground simultaneously; C. continuously pushing the first clamping mechanism to the left, and enabling the shear type lifter to act to clamp the differential shell by the second clamping mechanism; D. the scissor lift acts to enable the sliding table and the first clamping mechanism to move downwards, the sliding table cylinder contracts rightwards to drive the first clamping mechanism to slide rightwards to a limit position, and the scissor lift acts to enable the sliding table and the first clamping mechanism to ascend to an initial position to clamp the next differential shell; E. rotating the rotary worktable by 90 degrees anticlockwise to enable the first differential housing to reach the cylindrical grinding machine, enabling a second empty clamping mechanism behind the first differential housing to be close to the sliding table, and grinding the large-end outer circle and the small-end outer circle of the first differential housing by the cylindrical grinding machine; F. rotating the rotary workbench by 90 degrees anticlockwise, grinding the first differential housing at the position of the special-shaped surface grinding machine, grinding the large-end outer circle and the small-end outer circle of the second differential housing by the cylindrical grinding machine, and enabling a third empty second clamping mechanism behind the second differential housing to be close to the sliding table; G. and the rotating workbench rotates anticlockwise by 90 degrees for the third time, the first differential housing reaches the discharging position for discharging, the second differential housing reaches the special-shaped surface grinding machine for grinding, the third differential housing reaches the cylindrical grinding machine for grinding, and the fourth empty second clamping mechanism is close to the sliding table. However, the machining method is not simple and convenient to operate and inaccurate in positioning when clamping is carried out, and a workpiece is easy to shake during machining, so that machining precision is poor, coaxiality of the inner spherical surface is poor, and machining efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an internal expanding processing method of a split differential shell, which mainly solves the technical problems that in the prior art, the operation is not simple and convenient when the differential shell is processed and clamped, the positioning is not accurate, a workpiece is easy to shake during processing, the processing precision is poor, the coaxiality of an inner spherical surface is poor, the processing efficiency is low and the like.
The technical problem of the invention is mainly solved by the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses an internal expanding processing method of a split differential shell, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. inserting the inner end of a split differential shell blank into a positioning block of an internal expanding type positioning clamp, inserting a spring sleeve into an inner hole of the inner end of the split differential shell blank, driving a pull rod to move backwards when an oil pressure device drives a piston to move backwards, enabling the spring sleeve at the end part of the pull rod to move backwards along a conical surface of a clamping core, expanding the spring sleeve, and fixing the split differential shell blank by the spring sleeve;
b. installing a bearing installation position cutter, rotating a main shaft by using a main driving device of a numerical control machine tool, feeding the bearing installation position cutter to cut the split differential shell, and simultaneously forming the bearing installation position excircles at two ends of the split differential shell;
c. replacing a bearing mounting position cutter with a forming cutter, rotating a main shaft by using a main driving device of a numerical control machine tool, feeding the forming cutter to cut the split differential shell again, and thus processing an inner gear mounting spherical cambered surface of the split differential shell;
d. the forming cutter withdraws from the split differential casing, the oil pressure device drives the piston to move forwards to drive the pull rod to move forwards, the spring sleeve leaves the clamping core, the spring sleeve can be folded, and the split differential casing finished product is separated from the positioning block to complete the processing.
Compared with the original inner hole positioning and fixing type clamping, the invention has the advantages that: simple and compact structure, flexible operation and accurate positioning. Utilize oil pressure unit drive spring housing to fix whole split type differential mechanism casing, when cutting processing, split type differential mechanism casing can not rock like this to whole anchor clamps are also less to split type differential mechanism casing's wearing and tearing. Because the split differential shell has higher requirement on coaxiality during processing, the split differential shell is fixed and compact in the axial direction by utilizing the axial sliding between the spring sleeve and the clamping core, so that the processing precision is higher.
Preferably, the internal expansion type positioning fixture comprises a rack, an oil pressure device is arranged on the rack, a valve body and a valve cover are arranged at the front end of the rack, a piston is arranged in a valve cavity of the valve body and communicated with the valve cavity, the piston is connected with a pull rod, the pull rod is connected in a clamping core in a penetrating manner, one end of the clamping core is fixed on the valve cover, an external conical surface is arranged on the outer surface of the other end of the clamping core, a spring sleeve is connected at the front end of the pull rod, an internal conical surface matched with the external conical surface is arranged on the inner surface of the. The spring sleeve has two ends with inner conic mouth for matching with the inner conic mouth, one end with outer conic table on the clamping core, the other end with outer conic end of piston capable of sliding axially along the clamping core, and the working cavity beside the piston is communicated with hydraulic source. The spring sleeve has certain elasticity, and when the spring sleeve moves backwards along the outer conical surface of the clamping core, the outer diameter of the spring sleeve can expand, so that the split type differential shell is tensioned and positioned on the positioning block.
Preferably, a guide block is arranged between the positioning block and the clamping core, a guide groove is formed in the front end of the guide block, and a guide block which can extend into the guide groove is arranged at the rear end of the spring sleeve. The guide block can move along the guide groove, so that the moving position of the guide block can be limited.
Preferably, an oil pressure distributing plate is arranged in the valve body, a distributing oil passage is arranged in the oil pressure distributing plate, an oil return passage is arranged on the valve body and is communicated with the distributing oil passage, a guide post is arranged on the oil pressure distributing plate, and a guide hole capable of being inserted into the guide post is formed in the piston.
Preferably, one end of the valve cover is provided with a cavity capable of accommodating the piston, the piston is integrally T-shaped, the other end of the valve cover is provided with a projection capable of being inserted into the clamping core, and the end face of the valve cover around the projection is also provided with a ring groove capable of being embedded into the clamping core. The valve cover not only can play a role in sealing the whole valve body, but also can position a plurality of components such as a piston and a clamping core, and thus the compactness of the structure can be ensured.
Preferably, a plurality of obliquely arranged tensioning grooves are formed in the inner conical surface of the spring sleeve, buffering parts are arranged in the tensioning grooves, and when displacement is generated between the spring sleeve and the clamping core, the buffering parts extend between the spring sleeve and the clamping core. Adopt the bolster, can make the spring housing produce when removing for the card core like this, some bolster can release because of the extruded reason and lie in between spring housing and the card core, can further play the effect that rises and tightly like this.
Preferably, when the split differential housing is cut by the bearing installation position cutter and the forming cutter, the split differential housing is internally provided with a cooling water pipe for spraying water for cooling, a spiral groove is formed in the cooling water pipe, a spray head is arranged at the end part of the cooling water pipe, a side spray opening is formed in the side surface of the spray head and is conical, a flat spray opening is formed in the end surface of the spray head, and a plurality of convex ribs are arranged at the flat spray opening. The flow velocity can be accelerated by the spiral groove of the cooling water pipe. The side spray opening is set to be conical, so that the spraying is more rapid. The flat spray opening can spray part of cooling water to the contact position of the clamping core and the spring sleeve, so that the suction force can be increased by utilizing the water, and the binding force between the spring sleeve and the split type differential shell is increased.
Preferably, when the excircles of the bearing mounting positions at the two ends of the split differential case are cut, the temperature of cooling water sprayed by the spray heads is 5-8 ℃, and when the spherical cambered surfaces of the gears in the split differential case are cut, the temperature of the cooling water is 2-4 ℃. The temperature of the cooling water is divided into two sections, and the cooling water with lower temperature is provided when a larger area is cut, so that the cooling effect is better.
Preferably, the end face of the positioning block is provided with a mounting groove, a pressure sensor which can contact the split differential shell is arranged in the mounting groove, and the pressure sensor is connected with the oil pressure device through a numerical control mechanism. The pressure that the locating piece received when utilizing pressure sensor can monitor at any time to rise to compare with the pressure value of predetermineeing, adjust the action of spring block through oil pressure unit at last.
Therefore, the differential shell machining tool has the advantages that the differential shell machining tool is flexible in operation during clamping, the clamp structure is simple and compact, the positioning is accurate, workpieces are not prone to shaking during machining, machining precision is high, coaxiality of the inner spherical surface is good, machining efficiency is high, and the coaxiality precision of the inner spherical surface is improved by 1-2 levels while yield is increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an internal expanding positioning fixture of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the tension trough of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a cooling water pipe and a spray head according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a flat spray port according to the present invention.
Parts, positions and numbers in the drawings: the device comprises a rack 1, an oil pressure device 2, a valve body 3, a valve cover 4, a piston 5, a pull rod 6, a clamping core 7, a spring sleeve 8, an inner conical surface 9, a positioning block 10, a guide block 11, a guide groove 12, a guide block 13, an oil pressure distributing plate 14, a distributing oil passage 15, an oil return oil passage 16, a guide post 17, a guide hole 18, a cavity 19, a convex block 20, a tensioning groove 21, a buffer 22, a cooling water pipe 23 spiral groove 24, a spray head 25, a side spray nozzle 26, a flat spray nozzle 27, a convex edge 28, a mounting groove 29, a pressure sensor 30 and a split differential shell 31.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further specifically described by the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
Example (b): the split differential shell internal expanding processing method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
a. the inner end of a split differential shell 31 blank is inserted into a positioning block of an internal expanding type positioning clamp, a spring sleeve is inserted into an inner hole of the inner end of the split differential shell blank, when an oil pressure device drives a piston to move backwards, a pull rod is driven to move backwards, the spring sleeve at the end part of the pull rod moves backwards along a conical surface of a clamping core, the spring sleeve expands, and the split differential shell blank is fixed by the spring sleeve;
as shown in fig. 1, the internal expanding type positioning fixture comprises a frame 1, an oil pressure device 2 is arranged on the frame, a valve body 3 and a valve cover 4 are arranged at the front end of the frame, a piston 5 is arranged in a valve cavity of the valve body, the oil pressure device is communicated with the valve cavity, the piston is connected with a pull rod 6, the pull rod is connected in a clamping core 7 in a penetrating manner, one end of the clamping core is fixed on the valve cover, the outer surface of the other end of the clamping core is provided with an outer conical surface, the front end of the pull rod is connected with a spring sleeve 8, the inner surface of the spring sleeve is. As shown in fig. 2, a plurality of obliquely arranged tensioning grooves 21 are formed on the inner conical surface of the spring sleeve, a buffer member 22 is arranged in each tensioning groove, and when displacement is generated between the spring sleeve and the clamping core 7, the buffer member extends between the spring sleeve and the clamping core. The end face of the positioning block 10 is provided with a mounting groove 29, a pressure sensor 30 which can contact the split differential shell is arranged in the mounting groove, and the pressure sensor is connected with the oil pressure device 2 through a numerical control mechanism. A guide block 11 is arranged between the positioning block 10 and the clamping core, a guide groove 12 is arranged at the front end of the guide block, and a guide block 13 which can extend into the guide groove is arranged at the rear end of the spring sleeve 8. An oil pressure distributing plate 14 is arranged in the valve body, a distributing oil duct 15 is arranged in the oil pressure distributing plate, an oil return duct 16 is arranged on the valve body and communicated with the distributing oil duct, a guide post 17 is arranged on the oil pressure distributing plate, and a guide hole 18 capable of being inserted into the guide post is formed in the piston. One end of the valve cover is provided with a cavity 19 which can contain the piston 5, the piston is integrally T-shaped, the other end of the valve cover is provided with a lug 20 which can be inserted into the clamping core 7, and the end surface of the valve cover around the lug is also provided with an annular groove which can be embedded into the clamping core.
b. Installing a bearing installation position cutter, rotating a main shaft by using a main driving device of a numerical control machine tool, feeding the bearing installation position cutter to cut the split differential shell, and simultaneously forming the bearing installation position excircles at two ends of the split differential shell;
c. replacing a bearing mounting position cutter with a forming cutter, rotating a main shaft by using a main driving device of a numerical control machine tool, feeding the forming cutter to cut the split differential shell again, and thus processing an inner gear mounting spherical cambered surface of the split differential shell;
when utilizing bearing installation position cutter and shaping cutter to cut split type differential mechanism casing, let in condenser tube 23 in split type differential mechanism casing and carry out water spray cooling, like fig. 3, condenser tube's inside is equipped with helicla flute 24, and condenser tube's tip is equipped with shower nozzle 25, and the side of shower nozzle is equipped with side shower nozzle 26, and side shower nozzle is the toper, and it has flat shower nozzle 27 to open on the terminal surface of shower nozzle, like fig. 4, flat shower nozzle department is equipped with a plurality of beads 28.
When the excircles of the bearing mounting positions at the two ends of the split differential shell are cut, the temperature of cooling water sprayed by the spray heads 25 is 8 ℃, and when the spherical cambered surfaces of the inner gear of the split differential shell are cut, the temperature of the cooling water is 3 ℃.
d. The forming cutter withdraws from the split differential casing, the oil pressure device drives the piston to move forwards to drive the pull rod to move forwards, the spring sleeve leaves the clamping core, the spring sleeve can be folded, and the split differential casing finished product is separated from the positioning block to complete the processing.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the structural features of the present invention are not limited thereto, and any changes or modifications within the scope of the present invention by those skilled in the art are covered by the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A split differential shell internal expanding processing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. inserting the inner end of a split differential shell blank into a positioning block of an internal expansion type positioning clamp, inserting a spring sleeve into an inner hole of the inner end of the split differential shell blank, driving a pull rod to move backwards when an oil pressure device drives a piston to move backwards, enabling the spring sleeve at the end part of the pull rod to move backwards along a conical surface of a clamping core, expanding the spring sleeve, fixing the split differential shell blank by using the spring sleeve, monitoring the pressure borne by the positioning block during tensioning by using a pressure sensor at any time, comparing the pressure with a preset pressure value, and finally adjusting the action of the spring sleeve by using the oil pressure device; the internal expansion type positioning fixture comprises a rack (1), an oil pressure device (2) is arranged on the rack, a valve body (3) and a valve cover (4) are arranged at the front end of the rack, a piston (5) is arranged in a valve cavity of the valve body, the oil pressure device is communicated with the valve cavity, the piston is connected with a pull rod (6), the pull rod is connected in a clamping core (7) in a penetrating manner, one end of the clamping core is fixed on the valve cover, the outer surface of the other end of the clamping core is provided with an outer conical surface, the front end of the pull rod is connected with a spring sleeve (8), the inner surface of the spring sleeve is provided with an inner conical surface (9) matched with the outer conical surface, a plurality of obliquely arranged tensioning grooves (21) are formed in the inner conical surface of the spring sleeve (8), a buffer (22) is arranged in each tensioning groove, when displacement is generated between the spring sleeve and the clamping core (7, a pressure sensor (30) which can contact the split differential shell is arranged in the mounting groove, the pressure sensor is connected with the oil pressure device (2) through a numerical control mechanism, a guide block (11) is arranged between the positioning block (10) and the clamping core (7), a guide groove (12) is arranged at the front end of the guide block, and a guide block (13) which can extend into the guide groove is arranged at the rear end of the spring sleeve (8); an oil pressure distributing plate (14) is arranged in the valve body (3), a distributing oil passage (15) is arranged in the oil pressure distributing plate, an oil return passage (16) is arranged on the valve body and communicated with the distributing oil passage, a guide post (17) is arranged on the oil pressure distributing plate, a guide hole (18) capable of being inserted into the guide post is formed in the piston, a cavity (19) capable of accommodating the piston (5) is formed in one end of the valve cover (4), the piston is integrally T-shaped, a protruding block (20) capable of being inserted into the clamping core (7) is arranged at the other end of the valve cover, and an annular groove capable of;
b. installing a bearing installation position cutter, rotating a main shaft by using a main driving device of a numerical control machine tool, feeding the bearing installation position cutter to cut the split differential shell, and simultaneously forming the bearing installation position excircles at two ends of the split differential shell; during cutting, a cooling water pipe (23) is introduced into the split type differential shell to spray water for cooling, a spiral groove (24) is formed in the cooling water pipe, a spray head (25) is arranged at the end of the cooling water pipe, a side spray opening (26) is formed in the side face of the spray head and is conical, a flat spray opening (27) is formed in the end face of the spray head, a plurality of convex edges (28) are formed in the flat spray opening, and the temperature of cooling water sprayed out of the spray head (25) is 5-8 ℃;
c. replacing a bearing mounting position cutter with a forming cutter, rotating a main shaft by using a main driving device of a numerical control machine tool, feeding the forming cutter to cut the split differential shell again, and thus processing an inner gear mounting spherical cambered surface of the split differential shell; during cutting, a cooling water pipe (23) is introduced into the split type differential shell for water spraying cooling, and the temperature of the cooling water is 2-4 ℃;
d. the forming cutter withdraws from the split differential casing, the oil pressure device drives the piston to move forwards to drive the pull rod to move forwards, the spring sleeve leaves the clamping core, the spring sleeve can be folded, and the split differential casing finished product is separated from the positioning block to complete the processing.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810337661.1A CN108296725B (en) | 2018-04-16 | 2018-04-16 | Split type differential mechanism shell inner expansion processing method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810337661.1A CN108296725B (en) | 2018-04-16 | 2018-04-16 | Split type differential mechanism shell inner expansion processing method |
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| CN108296725A CN108296725A (en) | 2018-07-20 |
| CN108296725B true CN108296725B (en) | 2020-04-28 |
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Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111451832B (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2021-08-03 | 宁波伟立机器人科技股份有限公司 | Stock bin structure of flexible stock bin |
| CN116352155B (en) * | 2023-05-19 | 2023-11-28 | 无锡克瑞斯特科技有限公司 | Milling cutter for machining spherical surface of differential housing and milling machine comprising milling cutter |
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