CN105689812A - High-precision gear centering and clamping device based on inner hole centering and machining method of high-precision gear centering and clamping device - Google Patents
High-precision gear centering and clamping device based on inner hole centering and machining method of high-precision gear centering and clamping device Download PDFInfo
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- CN105689812A CN105689812A CN201610211410.XA CN201610211410A CN105689812A CN 105689812 A CN105689812 A CN 105689812A CN 201610211410 A CN201610211410 A CN 201610211410A CN 105689812 A CN105689812 A CN 105689812A
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- expansion sleeve
- elastic expansion
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- endoporus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F23/00—Accessories or equipment combined with or arranged in, or specially designed to form part of, gear-cutting machines
- B23F23/02—Loading, unloading or chucking arrangements for workpieces
- B23F23/06—Chucking arrangements
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-precision gear centering and clamping device based on inner hole centering and a machining method of the high-precision gear centering and clamping device. The high-precision gear centering and clamping device comprises a hydraulic module used for driving the whole device, and an expansion sleeve centering and clamping module used for clamping a gear. The expansion sleeve centering and clamping module is arranged at the upper end of the hydraulic module and comprises a frustum base and an elastic expansion sleeve matched with the frustum base. The elastic expansion sleeve is movably arranged on the frustum base in a sleeving manner and driven by the hydraulic module to axially move. The axial movement of the elastic expansion sleeve relative to the frustum base can be converted into radial deformation of the elastic expansion sleeve, and therefore the to-be-machined gear can be centered and clamped. Rapid self-centering of a gear inner hole and gear clamping can be easily finished, and the positioning precision and the production efficiency are improved. The device and the method are suitable for various gear grinding machining processes in which gears are aligned through inner holes, and the using effect is particularly obvious for high-precision gears produced on a large scale.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high class gear centering and clamping apparatus based on endoporus centering and processing method thereof, particularly relate to quick centering and clamping apparatus and the using method thereof of a kind of high class gear carrying out roll flute with endoporus for centering standard。
Background technology
Select the gear of gear-grinding process processing, its required precision general is all higher, being always up the processing of endoporus gear grinding most basic with the centering of endoporus centering is also one of most important method, how the beating to art work sheet prescribed limit of accurate centering endoporus before roll flute, is directly connected to precision and the quality of gear grinding processing。
In batch production, if clamping and centering can not fast and accurately gear be carried out, the quality of product and working (machining) efficiency will necessarily be produced harmful effect。Endoporus gear grinding centering clamping most popular method or artificial centering in current industry, namely use dial gauge to measure endoporus to beat, coordinate copper rod constantly to knock tooth top and carry out fine position, the amplitude of beating that dial gauge shows is made finally to meet the technology requirement of art work sheet, finally using the artificial workpiece pressing of pressing plate, this method simple and flexible, the demand of frock measurer is relatively low, centering precision is higher, therefore relatively popular in operator。
But the method for this artificial centering and clamping is implicitly present in many deficiencies: 1, artificial centering is operated with individual feel and experience entirely, operator is needed to carry out with many times knocking and playing table, dynamics and orientation that wherein copper rod knocks all are worthy of careful study greatly, even if very skilled person is also required to spend the time of 20 minutes to complete centering, unskilled cost one or two hour is also very normal, waste time and energy, be not suitable for batch production。2, after centering completes, need to use pressing plate that workpiece is compressed, and during this time exert a force and be likely to make the shift in position of workpiece, destroy the precision of centering, so need again to unclamp the process of pressing plate repetitive manual centering, if pressing plate compresses unreal it may also happen that roll flute midway, workpiece shift causes precision of grinding teeth defective, less stable。Just because of these shortcomings that artificial centering clamping exists, be presently mainly some auxiliary device by buying external lathe genuine come with the use of, although these device precision are higher but mostly expensive, applicable object is single and the lathe of same model can only be coordinated to use, maintenance cost is high, for the scene that batch production can not pause, its economy and sustainability are poor。
CN202278270U discloses a kind of gear tooth grinding positioning tool, including base, the apotting spindle being arranged on base, it is arranged on apotting spindle upper surface the pressing plate for fixed gear, the outside engaging of apotting spindle has inverted annular expansion set, and the lateral wall of expansion set is provided with multiple breathing groove。Although such scheme is capable of the purpose that gear is fixing, but its operating procedure is relatively complicated and owing to manually-operated reason causes that the fixed precision of device is not high。Most critical, technique scheme is difficult to ensure that the gear with endoporus centering is fixing firm in roll flute process, once there is gear loose, not only resulting in machining accuracy and reducing, also can cause gear failure, production efficiency and the yields of processing enterprise are greatly lowered。
Therefore, how to design and invent a kind of automation equipment that can quick and precisely complete endoporus gear self-centering and clamping and method just becomes institute of each processing enterprise problem demanding prompt solution。
Summary of the invention
In view of prior art exists drawbacks described above, the purpose of the present invention is to propose to the quick centering and clamping apparatus of a kind of high class gear carrying out roll flute with endoporus for centering standard and processing method thereof。
The purpose of the present invention, will be achieved by the following technical programs:
A kind of high class gear centering and clamping apparatus based on endoporus centering, including the hydraulic module driven for device entirety, and for realizing the expansion set centering clamp module of gear clamping, described expansion set centering clamp module is arranged at the upper end of described hydraulic module, described expansion set centering clamp module includes a frustum pedestal and the elastic expansion sleeve matched with it, described elastic expansion sleeve is sheathed on described frustum pedestal movably, and complete axially-movable under the drive of described hydraulic module, its conversion of motion to axial with described frustum pedestal can be the radial direction deformation of himself by described elastic expansion sleeve, to realize the centering to gear to be processed and clamping。
Preferably, described hydraulic module includes a hydraulic cylinder, described cylinder chamber is provided with a piston and fixes, with described piston, the piston rod being connected, described piston and described cylinder chamber match, described cylinder chamber is divided into press-in oil pocket by described piston and ejects oil pocket, the circumferential side wall of described piston is also equipped with at least one for completely cutting off described press-in oil pocket and ejecting the piston ring of oil pocket。
Preferably, described hydraulic cylinder sidewall offers press-in fuel feed hole and eject fuel feed hole, and described press-in fuel feed hole is connected with described press-in oil pocket, described in eject fuel feed hole, be connected with the described oil pocket that ejects。
Preferably, the circumferential side wall on described piston rod top offers screw thread, is connected by threaded engagement and liftout plate are fixing；Being further opened with inner bolt hole on the top end face of described piston rod, be connected by threaded engagement and pull bar are fixing, described piston rod and described pull bar complete locked by the second bolt。
Preferably, the circumferential side wall on described pull bar top offers screw thread, the endoporus of the described pull bar described frustum pedestal of traverse is fixing with press-in plate to be connected, and described pull bar top spins and is fixed with the first bolt, and described pull bar and described press-in plate complete locked by described first bolt。
Preferably, described frustum pedestal is fixedly installed on the upper surface of described hydraulic cylinder by the 3rd bolt, the upper end of described frustum pedestal is the prismoid section that conical surface diameter is incremented by from top to bottom, the inwall of described elastic expansion sleeve and described prismoid section match, described elastic expansion sleeve is sheathed in described prismoid section, described elastic expansion sleeve is movably disposed between described liftout plate and described press-in plate, and described elastic expansion sleeve external diameter in an unexpanded condition is less than the diameter of described bore to be processed。
Preferably, the bottom surface of described frustum pedestal offers the fuel feed hole for oil-feed, the lateral surface of described frustum pedestal prismoid section offers trapped fuel chamber that match with described fuel feed hole, for trapped fuel, described fuel feed hole is through with described trapped fuel chamber, the sidewall of described hydraulic cylinder offers pouring orifice, and described pouring orifice is connected with described fuel feed hole by oil pipe。
Preferably, the bottom of described frustum pedestal is the base with step surface, described step surface is fixedly installed at least three springs, described spring is equally spaced, described spring be provided above a gripper shoe, in the centering clamping process of gear, the lower surface of described gear to be processed and the upper surface of described gripper shoe touch。
Preferably, the outer circumferential wall of described elastic expansion sleeve in axial direction offers a plurality of symmetrical thin slot, the width of described thin slot is 1.0mm ~ 2.0mm, described thin slot offers the unloading port of multiple arc transition, the diameter of described unloading port is 2 ~ 3 times of the width of described thin slot, and the circumferential edge position of described elastic expansion sleeve external diameter bigger one end end face is provided with the circular arc chamfering being easy to gear handling。
Present invention further teaches a kind of high class gear centering clamping means based on endoporus centering, comprise the steps:
S1, equipment installation steps, the parts that size Selection according to concrete specification of equipment and gear to be processed is matched, subsequently by device integral installation on the rotary disk of gear grinding machines, complete the centering of frustum pedestal, make its runout error less than or equal to 0.002mm, and complete to fix；
S2, initialization step, elastic expansion sleeve keeps extrusion state, is pressed into oil pocket and to eject the oil pressure of oil pocket consistent in hydraulic cylinder, and described elastic expansion sleeve drops down onto on described frustum pedestal next time at the Gravitative Loads of piston；
S3, workpiece feeding step: gear to be processed is lifted above device in the prone mode of benchmark, keep described bore axis to be processed vertically, the endoporus of described gear to be processed is slowly inserted in along described elastic expansion sleeve upper surface chamfering, makes described gear to be processed be stably positioned in gripper shoe；
S4, centering swelling step: after workpiece filling, open press-in and control switch, described ejecting is injected into hydraulic oil in oil pocket, described press-in oil pocket and eject and form certain positive difference between oil pocket, piston rod is made to produce pressing-in force, along with the press-in plate being connected with described piston rod is constantly afterburning to the upper surface of described elastic expansion sleeve, described elastic expansion sleeve will in axial direction move down, in moving process, described elastic expansion sleeve generation even inflation, gap between the endoporus of described gear to be processed and the face, outer circumferential of elastic expansion sleeve is gradually reduced, until being zero, now the endoporus of described gear to be processed and the axiality of elastic expansion sleeve axis are close to zero, described gear to be processed completes centering, when described elastic expansion sleeve continues to move down under the effect of pressing-in force, interference fit is formed between described elastic expansion sleeve and bore to be processed, when the maximum amount of being full of reached under this pressing-in force, elastic expansion sleeve 8 stops mobile, now described gear to be processed is by swelling, described gear to be processed can be carried out roll flute processing subsequently；
S5, workpiece moves back and unloads step: be injected into hydraulic oil in described press-in oil pocket, described press-in oil pocket and eject and form certain positive difference between oil pocket, described piston is made to produce suitable thrust, produce oil pressure by the oil filler point on described hydraulic cylinder at the faying face of described elastic expansion sleeve with frustum pedestal simultaneously, constantly that described elastic expansion sleeve lower surface is afterburning along with the extrusion plate being connected with described piston rod, described elastic expansion sleeve will in axial direction move up, in moving process, described elastic expansion sleeve occurs uniformly to tighten, gap between the endoporus of described gear to be processed and the face, outer circumferential of described elastic expansion sleeve is gradually increased, until described elastic expansion sleeve returns fully to active state, described gear to be processed is also restored to the active state before swelling。
Preferably, the selection of described elastic expansion sleeve should meet following equation,
The smallest circle conical surface diameter of described elastic expansion sleeve,
The greatest circle conical surface diameter of described elastic expansion sleeve,
Wherein, C is the tapering of the tapering of described frustum pedestal prismoid section and described elastic expansion sleeve endoporus, and D is the hole size of described gear to be processed, and t is the gap between the external diameter of described elastic expansion sleeve and described bore to be processed, D-t represents the external diameter of described elastic expansion sleeveTaper hole length for described elastic expansion sleeve。
Preferably, it is characterised in that: described elastic expansion sleeve is applied a pressing-in force, there is downwards relative movement along taper hole mating surface in described elastic expansion sleeve, due to the character of cone match in moving process, described elastic expansion sleeve will deform distending, when the swelling capacity of outer diameter of described elastic expansion sleeveDuring equal to preset clearance t, the gap of the external diameter of described elastic expansion sleeve and described bore to be processed is zero, and now described gear to be processed completes centering based on endoporus,
When described gear to be processed completes to feel relieved, the conical surface junction pressure of the distance of axial displacement h1 of described elastic expansion sleeve and described elastic expansion sleeve and frustum pedestal prismoid sectionMeet following equation,
,
Wherein,For the average diameter of described elastic expansion sleeve taper hole, E is the elastic modelling quantity of described elastic expansion sleeve。
Preferably, in S4, along with pressing-in forceLasting loading, the endoporus of the external diameter of described elastic expansion sleeve and described gear to be processed gradually forms interference fit, the two Desing of Interference Joint minimum delivered load≥,
Wherein,For in the roll flute course of processing produce the maximum grinding force of circumference,For the pitch diameter of described gear to be processed,Represent the torque value that grinding force produces。
Preferably, the external diameter of described elastic expansion sleeve and described gear Desing of Interference Joint minimum delivered load to be processed,
Wherein,For the faying face length of described elastic expansion sleeve Yu frustum pedestal,Coefficient of friction when working for faying face,For the minimum adhesion required for faying face transfer charge, its computing formula is,
Wherein, for the minimum interference amount of conic interference fit,The degree of depth is flattened for bore,For the profile arithmetic mean of instantaneous value of bore, i.e. roughness value,,For the elastic modelling quantity of gear,For the elastic modelling quantity of frustum pedestal,、Determine by GBT5371-2004 criterion calculation,
,
The least displacement value of described elastic expansion sleeve axial direction motion。
Preferably, described hydraulic cylinder carrying out oil pressure when being pressed into or eject, described pressing-in force, described ejecting force is,
Wherein,For adopt oil pressure actuated time described elastic expansion sleeve and frustum pedestal faying face between coefficient of friction。
Preferably, described pressing-in forceWith described ejecting forceMeet following equation,
,
,
Wherein,For being injected the oil pressure of hydraulic oil by press-in fuel feed hole,For by eject fuel feed hole inject hydraulic oil oil pressure, for the diameter of piston。
The prominent effect of the present invention is: by the self-centering of the present invention and clamping device and using method thereof, bore Quick self-centering and gear clamping can be easily accomplished, avoid the rigors to operator in Traditional Man aligning method, be greatly enhanced positioning precision and production efficiency。Meanwhile, the present invention is applicable to all kinds of roll flute course of processing with endoporus centering gear, and during for high accuracy with the gear produced in enormous quantities, its result of use is especially prominent。It is also possible to the mode of the expansion pedestal and expansion set by changing different size, the scope of application of further expansion instrument, with the endoporus gear suitable in all kinds of specifications。
Hereinafter just accompanying drawing in conjunction with the embodiments, is described in further detail the specific embodiment of the present invention, so that technical solution of the present invention is more readily understood, grasps。
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is 90 ° of revolved sectional views of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic cross-section of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the schematic cross-section of hydraulic module in the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the schematic cross-section of expansion set centering clamp module in the present invention。
Wherein: 1, hydraulic cylinder 1a, press-in oil pocket 1b, eject oil pocket 1b2, piston rod 3, piston 4, piston ring 5, pull bar 6, liftout plate the 7, first bolt 8, elastic expansion sleeve 9, press-in plate 10, frustum pedestal 11, add work gear 12, spring 13, oil filler point the 14, the 3rd bolt 15, press-in fuel feed hole 16, eject fuel feed hole the 17, second bolt 18, gripper shoe 19, fuel feed hole 20, trapped fuel chamber。
Detailed description of the invention
Present invention is disclosed the quick centering and clamping apparatus of a kind of high class gear carrying out roll flute with endoporus for centering standard and processing method thereof。
As shown in Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 4, a kind of high class gear centering and clamping apparatus based on endoporus centering, including the hydraulic module driven for device entirety, and for realizing the expansion set centering clamp module of gear clamping, described expansion set centering clamp module is arranged at the upper end of described hydraulic module, described expansion set centering clamp module includes a frustum pedestal 10 and the elastic expansion sleeve 8 matched with it, described elastic expansion sleeve 8 is sheathed on described frustum pedestal 10 movably, and complete axially-movable under the drive of described hydraulic module, its conversion of motion to axial with described frustum pedestal 10 can be the radial direction deformation of himself by described elastic expansion sleeve 8, to realize the centering to gear 11 to be processed and clamping。
Described hydraulic module includes a hydraulic cylinder 1, described hydraulic cylinder 1 inner chamber is provided with a piston 3 and fixes, with described piston 3, the piston rod 2 being connected, described piston 3 matches with described hydraulic cylinder 1 inner chamber, described hydraulic cylinder 1 inner chamber is divided into press-in oil pocket 1a by described piston 3 and ejects oil pocket 1b, the circumferential side wall of described piston 3 is also equipped with at least one for completely cutting off described press-in oil pocket 1a and ejecting the piston ring 4 of oil pocket 1b。In the present embodiment, described piston ring 4 has two, and two described piston rings 4 are setting up and down。
Described hydraulic cylinder 1 sidewall offers press-in fuel feed hole 15 and eject fuel feed hole 16, and described press-in fuel feed hole 15 is connected with described press-in oil pocket 1a, described in eject fuel feed hole 16, be connected with the described oil pocket 1b that ejects。
The circumferential side wall on described piston rod 2 top offers screw thread, is connected by threaded engagement is fixing with liftout plate 6；Being further opened with inner bolt hole on the top end face of described piston rod 2, be connected by threaded engagement is fixing with pull bar 5, described piston rod 2 completes locked with described pull bar 5 by the second bolt 17。
The circumferential side wall on described pull bar 5 top offers screw thread, the endoporus of the described pull bar 5 described frustum pedestal 10 of traverse is fixing with press-in plate 9 to be connected, described pull bar 5 top spins and is fixed with the first bolt 7, and described pull bar 5 completes locked with described press-in plate 9 by described first bolt 7。
Described frustum pedestal 10 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of described hydraulic cylinder 1 by the 3rd bolt 14, the upper end of described frustum pedestal 10 is the prismoid section that conical surface diameter is incremented by from top to bottom, the inwall of described elastic expansion sleeve 8 and described prismoid section match, described elastic expansion sleeve 8 is sheathed in described prismoid section, described elastic expansion sleeve 8 is movably disposed between described liftout plate 6 and described press-in plate 9, and described elastic expansion sleeve 8 external diameter in an unexpanded condition is less than the diameter of described gear 11 endoporus to be processed。
The bottom surface of described frustum pedestal 10 offers the fuel feed hole 19 for oil-feed, the lateral surface of described frustum pedestal 10 prismoid section offers trapped fuel chamber 20 that match with described fuel feed hole 19, for trapped fuel, described fuel feed hole 19 is through with described trapped fuel chamber 20, the sidewall of described hydraulic cylinder 1 offers pouring orifice 13, and described pouring orifice 13 is connected with described fuel feed hole 19 by oil pipe。
The bottom of described frustum pedestal 10 is the base with step surface, described step surface is fixedly installed at least three springs 3, in the present embodiment, described spring 3 has four, and described spring 3 is equally spaced, described spring 3 be provided above a gripper shoe 18, in the centering clamping process of gear, the lower surface of described gear 11 to be processed and the upper surface of described gripper shoe 18 touch。
In axial direction offering a plurality of symmetrical thin slot (not shown) on the outer circumferential wall of described elastic expansion sleeve 8, in the present embodiment, described thin slot is provided with three altogether, and is uniformly arranged, and the width of described thin slot is 1.0mm ~ 2.0mm。Described thin slot offers the unloading port (not shown) of multiple arc transition, in the present embodiment, every described thin slot is symmetrically arranged with two unloading port, the diameter of described unloading port is 2 ~ 3 times of the width of described thin slot, and the circumferential edge position of described elastic expansion sleeve 8 external diameter bigger one end end face is provided with the circular arc chamfering being easy to gear handling。
Present invention further teaches a kind of high class gear centering clamping means based on endoporus centering, comprise the steps:
S1, equipment installation steps, the parts that size Selection according to concrete specification of equipment and gear to be processed is matched, subsequently by device integral installation on the rotary disk of gear grinding machines, complete the centering of frustum pedestal 10, make its runout error less than or equal to 0.002mm, and complete to fix；
S2, initialization step, elastic expansion sleeve 8 keeps extrusion state, is pressed into oil pocket 1a and to eject the oil pressure of oil pocket 1b consistent in hydraulic cylinder 1, and described elastic expansion sleeve 8 drops down onto on described frustum pedestal 10 next time at the Gravitative Loads of piston 3；
S3, workpiece feeding step: gear 11 to be processed is lifted above device in the prone mode of benchmark, keep in described gear to be processed 11 axially bored line vertically, the endoporus of described gear 11 to be processed is slowly inserted in along described elastic expansion sleeve 8 upper surface chamfering, makes described gear to be processed 11 be stably positioned in gripper shoe 18；
S4, centering swelling step: after workpiece filling, open press-in and control switch, described ejecting in oil pocket 1b is injected into hydraulic oil, described press-in oil pocket 1a and eject and form certain positive difference between oil pocket 1b, piston rod 5 is made to produce pressing-in force, along with the press-in plate 9 being connected with described piston rod 5 is constantly afterburning to the upper surface of described elastic expansion sleeve 8, described elastic expansion sleeve 8 will in axial direction move down, in moving process, there is even inflation in described elastic expansion sleeve 8, gap between the endoporus of described gear to be processed 11 and the face, outer circumferential of elastic expansion sleeve 8 is gradually reduced, until being zero, now the endoporus of described gear to be processed 11 is close to zero with the axiality of elastic expansion sleeve 8 axis, described gear to be processed 11 completes centering, when described elastic expansion sleeve 8 continues to move down under the effect of pressing-in force, interference fit is formed between described elastic expansion sleeve 8 and gear to be processed 11 endoporus, when the maximum amount of being full of reached under this pressing-in force, elastic expansion sleeve 8 stops mobile, now described gear to be processed 11 is by swelling, described gear 11 to be processed can be carried out roll flute processing subsequently；
S5, workpiece moves back and unloads step: be injected into hydraulic oil in described press-in oil pocket 1a, described press-in oil pocket 1a and eject and form certain positive difference between oil pocket 1b, described piston 3 is made to produce suitable thrust, produce oil pressure by the oil filler point 13 on described hydraulic cylinder 1 at the faying face of described elastic expansion sleeve 8 with frustum pedestal 10 simultaneously, along with the extrusion plate 6 being connected with described piston rod 5 is constantly afterburning to described elastic expansion sleeve 8 lower surface, described elastic expansion sleeve 8 will in axial direction move up, in moving process, there is uniform deflation in described elastic expansion sleeve 8, gap between the endoporus of described gear to be processed 11 and the face, outer circumferential of described elastic expansion sleeve 8 is gradually increased, until described elastic expansion sleeve 8 returns fully to active state, described gear to be processed 11 is also restored to the active state before swelling。
The selection of described elastic expansion sleeve 8 should meet following equation:
The smallest circle conical surface diameter of described elastic expansion sleeve 8,
The greatest circle conical surface diameter of described elastic expansion sleeve 8,
Wherein, C is the tapering of the tapering of described frustum pedestal 10 prismoid section and described elastic expansion sleeve 8 endoporus, and D is the hole size of described gear to be processed 11, and t is the gap between the external diameter of described elastic expansion sleeve 8 and described gear to be processed 11 endoporus, D-t represents the external diameter of described elastic expansion sleeve 8Taper hole length for described elastic expansion sleeve 8。
Described elastic expansion sleeve 8 is applied a pressing-in forceRelative movement will be there is downwards in described elastic expansion sleeve 8 along taper hole mating surface, due to the character of cone match in moving process, described elastic expansion sleeve 8 will deform distending, when the swelling capacity of outer diameter of described elastic expansion sleeve 8 is equal to preset clearance t, the gap of the external diameter of described elastic expansion sleeve 8 and described gear 11 endoporus to be processed is zero, and now described gear to be processed 11 completes centering based on endoporus
When described gear to be processed 11 completes to feel relieved, the conical surface junction pressure of the distance of axial displacement h1 of described elastic expansion sleeve 8 and described elastic expansion sleeve 8 and frustum pedestal 10 prismoid sectionMeet following equation:
,
Wherein,For the average diameter of described elastic expansion sleeve 8 taper hole,, E is the elastic modelling quantity of described elastic expansion sleeve 8。
In S4, along with pressing-in forceLasting loading, the endoporus of the external diameter of described elastic expansion sleeve 8 and described gear 11 to be processed gradually forms interference fit, the two Desing of Interference Joint minimum delivered load≥,
Wherein,For in the roll flute course of processing produce the maximum grinding force of circumference,For the pitch diameter of described gear 11 to be processed,Represent the torque value that grinding force produces。
The external diameter of described elastic expansion sleeve 8 and described gear 11 Desing of Interference Joint minimum delivered load to be processed,
Wherein,For the faying face length of described elastic expansion sleeve 8 with frustum pedestal 10,Coefficient of friction when working for faying face,For the minimum adhesion required for faying face transfer charge, its computing formula is,
Wherein,For the minimum interference amount of conic interference fit, flatten the degree of depth for bore,For the profile arithmetic mean of instantaneous value of bore, i.e. roughness value,,For the elastic modelling quantity of gear,For the elastic modelling quantity of frustum pedestal,、Determine by GBT5371-2004 criterion calculation,
The least displacement value of described elastic expansion sleeve 8 axial direction motion。
Described hydraulic cylinder 1 is carrying out oil pressure when being pressed into or eject, described pressing-in force, described ejecting force is,
Wherein, for adopt oil pressure actuated time described elastic expansion sleeve 8 and frustum pedestal 10 faying face between coefficient of friction。
Described pressing-in forceWith described ejecting forceMeet following equation:
,
,
Wherein,For being injected the oil pressure of hydraulic oil by press-in fuel feed hole 15, for by the oil pressure ejecting fuel feed hole 16 and injecting hydraulic oil,Diameter for piston。
The principle of this device is to produce suitable pulling force by hydraulic drive piston bar 2, elastic expansion sleeve 8 is made to be pressed into frustum pedestal 10, in process of press in, elastic expansion sleeve 8 will expand deformation radially uniform, when the external diameter of elastic expansion sleeve 8 is expanded to hole size in gear 11 to be processed, gear 11 to be processed will be felt relieved with endoporus, when elastic expansion sleeve 8 external diameter proceeds to expand to more than gear 11 diameter of bore to be processed, interference fit will be formed between gear 11 endoporus to be processed and elastic expansion sleeve 8, workpiece by swelling；In like manner, when hydraulic means produces deboost, elastic expansion sleeve 8 is forced out frustum pedestal 10, to radially there is uniformly retraction in elastic expansion sleeve 8, when elastic expansion sleeve 8 reduced diameter is to during less than gear 11 diameter of bore to be processed, gear 11 endoporus to be processed is with elastic expansion sleeve 8 for excessively to coordinate, and gear 11 to be processed affranchises state, it is achieved the function of loose unloading workpiece。In the process that elastic expansion sleeve 8 press-in ejects, set up rapidly oil pressure and oil film by the oil filler point 13 on hydraulic cylinder at faying face, can more easily realize press-in Extrusion, increase the service life of heretofore described device。
By the self-centering of the present invention and clamping device and using method thereof, bore Quick self-centering and gear clamping can be easily accomplished, it is to avoid rigors to operator in Traditional Man aligning method, be greatly enhanced positioning precision and production efficiency。Meanwhile, the present invention is applicable to all kinds of roll flute course of processing with endoporus centering gear, and during for high accuracy with the gear produced in enormous quantities, its result of use is especially prominent。It is also possible to the mode of the expansion pedestal and expansion set by changing different size, the scope of application of further expansion instrument, with the endoporus gear suitable in all kinds of specifications。
The present invention still has numerous embodiments, all employing equivalents or equivalent transformation and all technical schemes of being formed, all falls within protection scope of the present invention。
Claims (16)
1. the high class gear centering and clamping apparatus based on endoporus centering, it is characterized in that: include the hydraulic module driven for device entirety, and for realizing the expansion set centering clamp module of gear clamping, described expansion set centering clamp module is arranged at the upper end of described hydraulic module, described expansion set centering clamp module includes a frustum pedestal (10) and the elastic expansion sleeve (8) matched with it, described elastic expansion sleeve (8) is sheathed on described frustum pedestal (10) movably, and complete axially-movable under the drive of described hydraulic module, its conversion of motion to axial with described frustum pedestal (10) can be the radial direction deformation of himself by described elastic expansion sleeve (8), to realize the centering to gear to be processed (11) and clamping。
2. the high class gear centering and clamping apparatus based on endoporus centering according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described hydraulic module includes a hydraulic cylinder (1), described hydraulic cylinder (1) inner chamber is provided with a piston (3) and the piston rod (2) that be connected fixing with described piston (3), described piston (3) and described hydraulic cylinder (1) inner chamber match, described hydraulic cylinder (1) inner chamber is divided into press-in oil pocket (1a) by described piston (3) and ejects oil pocket (1b), the circumferential side wall of described piston (3) is also equipped with at least one for completely cutting off described press-in oil pocket (1a) and ejecting the piston ring (4) of oil pocket (1b)。
3. the high class gear centering and clamping apparatus based on endoporus centering according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described hydraulic cylinder (1) sidewall offers press-in fuel feed hole (15) and ejects fuel feed hole (16), described press-in fuel feed hole (15) is connected with described press-in oil pocket (1a), described eject fuel feed hole (16), be connected with the described oil pocket (1b) that ejects。
4. the high class gear centering and clamping apparatus based on endoporus centering according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the circumferential side wall on described piston rod (2) top offers screw thread, is connected by threaded engagement and liftout plate (6) are fixing；The top end face of described piston rod (2) is further opened with inner bolt hole, being connected by threaded engagement and pull bar (5) are fixing, described piston rod (2) and described pull bar (5) complete locked by the second bolt (17)。
5. the high class gear centering and clamping apparatus based on endoporus centering according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the circumferential side wall on described pull bar (5) top offers screw thread, the endoporus of described pull bar (5) the described frustum pedestal (10) of traverse is fixing with press-in plate (9) to be connected, described pull bar (5) top spins and is fixed with the first bolt (7), and described pull bar (5) and described press-in plate (9) complete locked by described first bolt (7)。
6. the high class gear centering and clamping apparatus based on endoporus centering according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described frustum pedestal (10) is fixedly installed on the upper surface of described hydraulic cylinder (1) by the 3rd bolt (14), the upper end of described frustum pedestal (10) is the prismoid section that conical surface diameter is incremented by from top to bottom, the inwall of described elastic expansion sleeve (8) and described prismoid section match, described elastic expansion sleeve (8) is sheathed in described prismoid section, described elastic expansion sleeve (8) is movably disposed between described liftout plate (6) and described press-in plate (9), described elastic expansion sleeve (8) external diameter in an unexpanded condition is less than the diameter of described gear to be processed (11) endoporus。
7. the high class gear centering and clamping apparatus based on endoporus centering according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: the bottom surface of described frustum pedestal (10) offers the fuel feed hole (19) for oil-feed, the lateral surface of described frustum pedestal (10) prismoid section offers and matches with described fuel feed hole (19), trapped fuel chamber (20) for trapped fuel, described fuel feed hole (19) is through with described trapped fuel chamber (20), the sidewall of described hydraulic cylinder (1) offers pouring orifice (13), described pouring orifice (13) is connected with described fuel feed hole (19) by oil pipe。
8. the high class gear centering and clamping apparatus based on endoporus centering according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: the bottom of described frustum pedestal (10) is the base with step surface, described step surface is fixedly installed at least three springs (3), described spring (3) is equally spaced, described spring (3) be provided above a gripper shoe (18), in the centering clamping process of gear, the lower surface of described gear to be processed (11) and the upper surface of described gripper shoe (18) touch。
9. the high class gear centering and clamping apparatus based on endoporus centering according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the outer circumferential wall of described elastic expansion sleeve (8) in axial direction offers a plurality of symmetrical thin slot, the width of described thin slot is 1.0mm ~ 2.0mm, described thin slot offers the unloading port of multiple arc transition, the diameter of described unloading port is 2 ~ 3 times of the width of described thin slot, and the circumferential edge position of described elastic expansion sleeve (8) external diameter bigger one end end face is provided with the circular arc chamfering being easy to gear handling。
10. based on the high class gear centering clamping means of endoporus centering, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
S1, equipment installation steps, the parts that size Selection according to concrete specification of equipment and gear to be processed is matched, subsequently by device integral installation on the rotary disk of gear grinding machines, complete the centering of frustum pedestal (10), make its runout error less than or equal to 0.002mm, and complete to fix；
S2, initialization step, elastic expansion sleeve (8) keeps extrusion state, press-in oil pocket (1a) and to eject the oil pressure of oil pocket (1b) consistent in hydraulic cylinder (1), described elastic expansion sleeve (8) drops down onto on described frustum pedestal (10) next time at the Gravitative Loads of piston (3)；
S3, workpiece feeding step: gear to be processed (11) is lifted above device in the prone mode of benchmark, keep the interior axially bored line of described gear to be processed (11) vertically, the endoporus of described gear to be processed (11) is slowly inserted in along described elastic expansion sleeve (8) upper surface chamfering, makes described gear to be processed (11) be stably positioned in gripper shoe (18)；
S4, centering swelling step: after workpiece filling, open press-in and control switch, described ejecting in oil pocket (1b) is injected into hydraulic oil, described press-in oil pocket (1a) and eject and form certain positive difference between oil pocket (1b), piston rod (5) is made to produce pressing-in force, constantly that the upper surface of described elastic expansion sleeve (8) is afterburning along with the press-in plate (9) being connected with described piston rod (5), described elastic expansion sleeve (8) will in axial direction move down, in moving process, there is even inflation in described elastic expansion sleeve (8), gap between the endoporus of described gear to be processed (11) and the face, outer circumferential of elastic expansion sleeve (8) is gradually reduced, until being zero, now the endoporus of described gear to be processed (11) and the axiality of elastic expansion sleeve (8) axis are close to zero, described gear to be processed (11) completes centering, when described elastic expansion sleeve (8) continues to move down under the effect of pressing-in force, interference fit is formed between described elastic expansion sleeve (8) and gear to be processed (11) endoporus, when the maximum amount of being full of reached under this pressing-in force, elastic expansion sleeve (8) stops mobile, now described gear to be processed 11 is by swelling, described gear to be processed (11) can be carried out roll flute processing subsequently；
S5, workpiece moves back and unloads step: be injected into hydraulic oil in described press-in oil pocket (1a), described press-in oil pocket (1a) and eject and form certain positive difference between oil pocket (1b), described piston (3) is made to produce suitable thrust, produce oil pressure by the oil filler point (13) on described hydraulic cylinder (1) at the faying face of described elastic expansion sleeve (8) with frustum pedestal (10) simultaneously, constantly that described elastic expansion sleeve (8) lower surface is afterburning along with the extrusion plate (6) being connected with described piston rod (5), described elastic expansion sleeve (8) will in axial direction move up, in moving process, described elastic expansion sleeve (8) occurs uniformly to tighten, gap between the endoporus of described gear to be processed (11) and the face, outer circumferential of described elastic expansion sleeve (8) is gradually increased, until described elastic expansion sleeve (8) returns fully to active state, described gear to be processed (11) is also restored to the active state before swelling。
11. a kind of high class gear centering clamping means based on endoporus centering according to claim 10, it is characterised in that: the selection of described elastic expansion sleeve (8) should meet following equation,
The smallest circle conical surface diameter of described elastic expansion sleeve (8),
The greatest circle conical surface diameter of described elastic expansion sleeve (8),
Wherein, C is the tapering of the tapering of described frustum pedestal (10) prismoid section and described elastic expansion sleeve (8) endoporus, D is the hole size of described gear to be processed (11), t is the gap between the external diameter of described elastic expansion sleeve (8) and described gear to be processed (11) endoporus, D-t represents the external diameter of described elastic expansion sleeve (8)Taper hole length for described elastic expansion sleeve (8)。
12. the high class gear centering clamping means based on endoporus centering according to claim 11, it is characterised in that: described elastic expansion sleeve (8) is applied a pressing-in force, there is downwards relative movement along taper hole mating surface in described elastic expansion sleeve (8), due to the character of cone match in moving process, described elastic expansion sleeve (8) will deform distending, when the swelling capacity of outer diameter of described elastic expansion sleeve (8)During equal to preset clearance t, the gap of the external diameter of described elastic expansion sleeve (8) and described gear to be processed (11) endoporus is zero, and now described gear to be processed (11) completes centering based on endoporus,
When described gear to be processed (11) completes to feel relieved, the conical surface junction pressure of the distance of axial displacement h1 of described elastic expansion sleeve (8) and described elastic expansion sleeve (8) and frustum pedestal (10) prismoid sectionMeet following equation,
,
,
Wherein,For the average diameter of described elastic expansion sleeve 8 taper hole, E is the elastic modelling quantity of described elastic expansion sleeve (8)。
13. the high class gear centering clamping means based on endoporus centering according to claim 12, it is characterised in that: in S4, along with pressing-in forceLasting loading, the endoporus of the external diameter of described elastic expansion sleeve (8) and described gear 11 to be processed gradually forms interference fit, the two Desing of Interference Joint minimum delivered load≥,
Wherein,For in the roll flute course of processing produce the maximum grinding force of circumference,For the pitch diameter of described gear to be processed (11),Represent the torque value that grinding force produces。
14. the high class gear centering clamping means based on endoporus centering according to claim 13, it is characterised in that: the external diameter of described elastic expansion sleeve 8 and described gear to be processed (11) Desing of Interference Joint minimum delivered load,
Wherein,For the faying face length of described elastic expansion sleeve (8) Yu frustum pedestal (10),Coefficient of friction when working for faying face,For the minimum adhesion required for faying face transfer charge, its computing formula is,
Wherein,For the minimum interference amount of conic interference fit, flatten the degree of depth for bore, for the profile arithmetic mean of instantaneous value of bore, i.e. roughness value,,For the elastic modelling quantity of gear,For the elastic modelling quantity of frustum pedestal,、Determine by GBT5371-2004 criterion calculation,
,
The least displacement value of described elastic expansion sleeve (8) axial direction motion。
15. the high class gear centering clamping means based on endoporus centering according to claim 14, it is characterised in that: described hydraulic cylinder (1) is carrying out oil pressure when being pressed into or eject, described pressing-in force, described ejecting force is,
Wherein,For adopt oil pressure actuated time described elastic expansion sleeve (8) and frustum pedestal (10) faying face between coefficient of friction。
16. the high class gear centering clamping means based on endoporus centering according to claim 15, it is characterised in that: described pressing-in forceWith described ejecting forceMeet following equation,
,
,
Wherein,For by press-in fuel feed hole (15) inject hydraulic oil oil pressure, for by eject fuel feed hole (16) inject hydraulic oil oil pressure,Diameter for piston。
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| CN108296725A (en) * | 2018-04-16 | 2018-07-20 | 杭州吉利机械有限公司 | Split type differential casing internal expanding processing method |
| CN108621060A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-10-09 | 武汉船用机械有限责任公司 | A kind of positioning tool and method of roll adjustment paddle shaft inner oil tube |
| CN109262083A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-01-25 | 浙江巨跃齿轮有限公司 | A kind of liquid rises fixture |
| CN112893599A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-06-04 | 盐城焕德信息科技有限公司 | Method for manufacturing and punching compressor valve plate |
| CN112935423A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-06-11 | 台州格凌机械股份有限公司 | Be used for gear hole inflation formula anchor clamps |
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| CN116967739A (en) * | 2023-09-25 | 2023-10-31 | 成都瑞迪智驱科技股份有限公司 | High-precision assembly fixture and method for rigid gear and cross bearing of harmonic reducer |
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| CN106994539A (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-08-01 | 东北特钢集团山东鹰轮机械有限公司 | A kind of hydraulic mechanical type gear fixture and method |
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| CN108621060A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-10-09 | 武汉船用机械有限责任公司 | A kind of positioning tool and method of roll adjustment paddle shaft inner oil tube |
| CN109262083A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-01-25 | 浙江巨跃齿轮有限公司 | A kind of liquid rises fixture |
| CN112893599A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-06-04 | 盐城焕德信息科技有限公司 | Method for manufacturing and punching compressor valve plate |
| CN112935423A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-06-11 | 台州格凌机械股份有限公司 | Be used for gear hole inflation formula anchor clamps |
| CN112935423B (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-10-22 | 台州格凌机械股份有限公司 | Be used for gear hole inflation formula anchor clamps |
| CN113376647A (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2021-09-10 | 东北大学 | Blast hole measurement auxiliary equipment and use method thereof |
| CN113376647B (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2024-04-26 | 东北大学 | Blast hole measurement auxiliary equipment and application method thereof |
| CN113523447A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-10-22 | 重庆市旺成科技股份有限公司 | Novel vertical gear honing machine |
| CN116967739A (en) * | 2023-09-25 | 2023-10-31 | 成都瑞迪智驱科技股份有限公司 | High-precision assembly fixture and method for rigid gear and cross bearing of harmonic reducer |
| CN116967739B (en) * | 2023-09-25 | 2023-12-12 | 成都瑞迪智驱科技股份有限公司 | High-precision assembly fixture and method for rigid gear and cross bearing of harmonic reducer |
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