CN105689812A - High-precision gear centering and clamping device based on inner hole centering and machining method of high-precision gear centering and clamping device - Google Patents
High-precision gear centering and clamping device based on inner hole centering and machining method of high-precision gear centering and clamping device Download PDFInfo
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- CN105689812A CN105689812A CN201610211410.XA CN201610211410A CN105689812A CN 105689812 A CN105689812 A CN 105689812A CN 201610211410 A CN201610211410 A CN 201610211410A CN 105689812 A CN105689812 A CN 105689812A
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- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 121
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F23/00—Accessories or equipment combined with or arranged in, or specially designed to form part of, gear-cutting machines
- B23F23/02—Loading, unloading or chucking arrangements for workpieces
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-precision gear centering and clamping device based on inner hole centering and a machining method of the high-precision gear centering and clamping device. The high-precision gear centering and clamping device comprises a hydraulic module used for driving the whole device, and an expansion sleeve centering and clamping module used for clamping a gear. The expansion sleeve centering and clamping module is arranged at the upper end of the hydraulic module and comprises a frustum base and an elastic expansion sleeve matched with the frustum base. The elastic expansion sleeve is movably arranged on the frustum base in a sleeving manner and driven by the hydraulic module to axially move. The axial movement of the elastic expansion sleeve relative to the frustum base can be converted into radial deformation of the elastic expansion sleeve, and therefore the to-be-machined gear can be centered and clamped. Rapid self-centering of a gear inner hole and gear clamping can be easily finished, and the positioning precision and the production efficiency are improved. The device and the method are suitable for various gear grinding machining processes in which gears are aligned through inner holes, and the using effect is particularly obvious for high-precision gears produced on a large scale.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-precision gear centering and clamping device based on inner hole centering and a processing method thereof, in particular to a high-precision gear quick centering and clamping device for grinding gears by taking inner holes as a centering reference and a using method thereof.
Background
The gear machined by the gear grinding process generally has high precision requirement, inner hole alignment and centering are always one of the most basic and important methods for grinding the gear of the inner hole gear, and how to accurately align the inner hole run-out before gear grinding to the range specified by a process drawing directly relates to the precision and quality of gear grinding.
In batch production, if the gears cannot be clamped and aligned quickly and accurately, the quality and the processing efficiency of products are inevitably affected. At present, the most common method for centering and clamping the grinding teeth of the inner hole gear in the industry is manual centering, namely, a dial indicator is used for measuring the inner hole run-out, and the copper rod is matched to continuously knock the tooth top to carry out position fine adjustment, so that the run-out amplitude displayed by the dial indicator finally meets the technical requirements of a process drawing, and finally, a pressing plate is used for manually pressing a workpiece.
However, the manual alignment and clamping method has many disadvantages: 1. the manual alignment is operated by the hand feeling and experience of an individual, an operator needs to knock and play a watch once and again, wherein the knocking force and direction of the copper rod are very exquisite, even a very skilled person needs to spend twenty minutes to complete the alignment, the inexperienced person spends one or two hours and is very normal, time-consuming and labor-consuming, and not suitable for batch production. 2. After alignment is completed, the workpiece needs to be pressed by the pressing plate, the position of the workpiece is likely to change due to force application in the process, alignment accuracy is damaged, the pressing plate needs to be loosened to repeat the manual alignment process, and if the pressing plate is not pressed tightly, tooth grinding can happen halfway, the workpiece is shifted to cause unqualified tooth grinding accuracy, and stability is poor. Because these shortcomings that the clamping of artifical alignment exists, mainly use through purchasing some auxiliary device of foreign machine tool original factory to cooperate at present, these devices are expensive though the precision is higher, and the applicable object is single and can only cooperate the lathe of the same model to use, and the maintenance cost is high, and to the field that batch production can not stop up, its economic nature and sustainability are relatively poor.
CN202278270U discloses a gear grinding location frock, including the base, set up the location mandrel on the base, set up the clamp plate that is used for the fixed gear on the location mandrel up end, the outside block of location mandrel has the annular cover that expands of invering, is provided with a plurality of breathing grooves on the lateral wall of the cover that expands. Although the above scheme can achieve the purpose of fixing the gear, the operation steps are complicated, and the fixing precision of the device is not high due to manual operation. Most crucial, above-mentioned technical scheme is difficult to guarantee that the gear of interior hole alignment is fixed firm at the gear grinding in-process, in case take place the gear not hard up, not only can lead to the machining precision to reduce, still can cause the gear damage, reduces the production efficiency and the yields of processing enterprise by a wide margin.
Therefore, how to design and invent an automatic device and method capable of quickly and accurately completing automatic centering and clamping of the inner-hole gear becomes an urgent problem to be solved for each processing enterprise.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a fast centering and clamping device for a high precision gear, which performs gear grinding using an inner hole as a centering reference, and a processing method thereof.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a high accuracy gear centering clamping device based on hole centering, is including being used for the whole driven hydraulic module of device and being used for realizing the tight module of cover centering of bloating, the tight module of cover centering clamp of bloating set up in the upper end of hydraulic module, the tight module of cover centering clamp of bloating includes a frustum base and rather than the bloated cover of assorted elasticity, the bloated cover of elasticity movably overlaps and locates on the frustum base and accomplish axial motion under the drive of hydraulic module, the bloated cover of elasticity can with its with the relative axial motion of frustum base turns into its self radial deformation to the centering and the clamp of gear of treating are tight.
Preferably, the hydraulic module includes a hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic cylinder inner chamber is provided with a piston and a piston rod fixedly connected with the piston, the piston is matched with the hydraulic cylinder inner chamber, the hydraulic cylinder inner chamber is divided into an oil pressing-in chamber and an oil ejecting chamber by means of the piston, and at least one piston ring for isolating the oil pressing-in chamber and the oil ejecting chamber is further assembled on the circumferential side wall of the piston.
Preferably, the side wall of the hydraulic cylinder is provided with an oil inlet hole for pressing in and an oil inlet hole for ejecting out, the oil inlet hole for pressing in is communicated with the oil cavity for pressing in, and the oil inlet hole for ejecting out is communicated with the oil cavity for ejecting out.
Preferably, the circumferential side wall of the top end of the piston rod is provided with threads, and the piston rod is fixedly connected with the ejection plate by means of thread matching; an inner threaded hole is further formed in the end face of the top end of the piston rod and is fixedly connected with the pull rod through threaded matching, and the piston rod and the pull rod are locked through a second bolt.
Preferably, the circumferential side wall of the top end of the pull rod is provided with threads, the pull rod penetrates through an inner hole of the frustum base and is fixedly connected with the press-in plate, the top end of the pull rod is fixedly screwed with a first bolt, and the pull rod and the press-in plate are locked by means of the first bolt.
Preferably, the frustum base is fixedly arranged on the upper end face of the hydraulic cylinder through a third bolt, the upper end of the frustum base is a frustum portion with a conical surface diameter increasing from top to bottom, the inner wall of the elastic expansion sleeve is matched with the frustum portion, the elastic expansion sleeve is sleeved on the frustum portion, the elastic expansion sleeve is movably arranged between the ejection plate and the press-in plate, and the outer diameter of the elastic expansion sleeve in an unexpanded state is smaller than the diameter of the inner hole of the gear to be machined.
Preferably, an oil inlet hole for oil inlet is formed in the bottom surface of the frustum base, an oil storage cavity matched with the oil inlet hole and used for storing oil is formed in the outer side surface of the frustum base, the oil inlet hole is communicated with the oil storage cavity, an oil filling port is formed in the side wall of the hydraulic cylinder, and the oil filling port is communicated with the oil inlet hole through an oil pipe.
Preferably, the bottom of frustum base is the base that has the step face, the fixed at least three springs that are provided with on the step face, the spring equidistance distributes, the top of spring is provided with a backup pad, and at the centering clamping process of gear, wait to process the lower terminal surface of gear with the up end contact of backup pad.
Preferably, a plurality of symmetrical slit grooves are formed in the circumferential outer side wall of the elastic expansion sleeve along the axial direction, the width of each slit groove is 1.0 mm-2.0 mm, a plurality of circular arc transition unloading holes are formed in each slit groove, the diameter of each unloading hole is 2-3 times that of each slit groove, and a circular arc chamfer convenient for gear assembly and disassembly is arranged at the circumferential edge position of the end face of the larger outer diameter end of the elastic expansion sleeve.
The invention also discloses a high-precision gear centering and clamping method based on inner hole centering, which comprises the following steps:
s1, an equipment installation step, namely selecting a part matched with the equipment according to the specific equipment specification and the size of the gear to be processed, and then integrally installing the device on a rotary disc of a gear grinding machine to finish the alignment of the frustum base, so that the runout error of the frustum base is less than or equal to 0.002mm, and fixing the frustum base;
s2, initializing, namely keeping the elastic expansion sleeve in an extrusion state, keeping the oil pressure of an oil pressing cavity and the oil pressure of an oil ejecting cavity in the hydraulic cylinder consistent, and enabling the elastic expansion sleeve to fall back to the frustum base under the action of the self weight of the piston;
s3, workpiece feeding: hoisting a gear to be processed to the upper part of the device in a mode that a reference surface faces downwards, keeping the axis of an inner hole of the gear to be processed along the vertical direction, and slowly sleeving the inner hole of the gear to be processed along the chamfer of the upper end surface of the elastic expansion sleeve, so that the gear to be processed is stably placed on a supporting plate;
s4, centering and expanding: after the workpiece is filled, the press-in control switch is opened, hydraulic oil is injected into the push-out oil cavity, a certain positive difference value is formed between the press-in oil cavity and the push-out oil cavity, so that a piston rod generates press-in force, the elastic expansion sleeve moves downwards along the axial direction along with the continuous force application of a press-in plate connected with the piston rod, the elastic expansion sleeve expands uniformly in the moving process, the gap between the inner hole of the gear to be processed and the circumferential outer side surface of the elastic expansion sleeve is reduced gradually until the gap is zero, the coaxiality of the inner hole of the gear to be processed and the axis of the elastic expansion sleeve is close to zero, the gear to be processed is centered, when the elastic expansion sleeve moves downwards continuously under the action of the press-in force, the elastic expansion sleeve forms interference fit with the inner hole of the gear to be processed, and when the maximum magnitude of the press-in force is reached, the elastic expansion sleeve 8 stops moving, at the moment, the gear to be machined is expanded, and then gear grinding machining can be carried out on the gear to be machined;
s5, workpiece unloading step: hydraulic oil is injected into the pressing-in oil cavity, a certain positive difference value is formed between the pressing-in oil cavity and the ejecting oil cavity, the piston generates proper thrust, oil pressure is generated on a joint surface of the elastic expansion sleeve and the frustum base through an oil filling hole in the hydraulic cylinder, the lower end face of the elastic expansion sleeve is continuously stressed along with a pressing plate connected with the piston rod, the elastic expansion sleeve moves upwards along the axial direction, the elastic expansion sleeve is uniformly contracted in the moving process, a gap between an inner hole of the gear to be machined and the circumferential outer side face of the elastic expansion sleeve is gradually increased until the elastic expansion sleeve completely returns to a moving state, and the gear to be machined also returns to the moving state before expansion.
Preferably, the elastic expansion sleeve is selected to satisfy the following formula,
minimum conical surface diameter of the elastic expansion sleeve，
Maximum conical surface diameter of the elastic expansion sleeve，
Wherein C is the frustum base frustum partD is the size of the inner hole of the gear to be processed, t is the clearance between the outer diameter of the elastic expansion sleeve and the inner hole of the gear to be processed, D-t represents the outer diameter of the elastic expansion sleeve,the length of the taper hole of the elastic expansion sleeve is adopted.
Preferably, it is characterized in that: applying a pressing force to the elastic expansion sleeveThe elastic expansion sleeve moves downwards along the matching surface of the taper hole relatively, and deforms and expands due to the characteristic of conical surface matching in the moving process, and when the outer diameter expansion amount of the elastic expansion sleeve is largerWhen the clearance t is equal to the reserved clearance t, the clearance between the outer diameter of the elastic expansion sleeve and the inner hole of the gear to be processed is zero, and the gear to be processed completes centering based on the inner hole,
when the gear to be machined is centered, the axial displacement distance h1 of the elastic expansion sleeve and the pressure at the conical surface joint of the elastic expansion sleeve and the conical surface of the conical table base conical table partThe following formula is satisfied,
，
wherein,is the average diameter of the taper hole of the elastic expansion sleeve, and E is the elastic modulus of the elastic expansion sleeve.
Preferably, in S4, following the press-in forceThe outer diameter of the elastic expansion sleeve and the inner hole of the gear to be processed gradually form interference fit, and the elastic expansion sleeve and the inner hole are in interference connection to form minimum transmission load≥，
Wherein,the circumferential maximum grinding force generated in the process of grinding the teeth,the pitch circle diameter of the gear to be processed,the torque value generated by the grinding force is represented.
Preferably, the outer diameter of the elastic expansion sleeve is in interference fit with the gear to be processed to minimize load transmission，
Wherein,the length of the joint surface of the elastic expansion sleeve and the frustum base,the friction coefficient of the joint surface during operation,the minimum binding force required for transferring load on the joint surface is calculated by the formula，
Wherein, the minimum interference magnitude of the conical interference coupling is adopted,the depth of the flattening of the inner hole of the gear,is the arithmetic mean of the profile of the gear bore, i.e. the roughness value,，is the modulus of elasticity of the gear wheel,is the modulus of elasticity of the base of the frustum,、determined by calculation according to the GBT5371-2004 standard,
，
minimum displacement value of the elastic expansion sleeve moving in the axial direction。
Preferably, the hydraulic cylinder is pressed in or pushed out by the pressing forceThe ejection force is，
Wherein,the friction coefficient between the elastic expansion sleeve and the conical table base combining surface is adopted when oil pressure driving is adopted.
Preferably, the pressing forceWith said ejection forceThe following formula is satisfied,
，
，
wherein,in order to inject the oil pressure of the hydraulic oil from the pressed oil inlet hole,the oil pressure of the hydraulic oil injected from the ejection oil inlet hole is the diameter of the piston.
The invention has the outstanding effects that: by the automatic centering and clamping device and the use method thereof, the rapid self-centering and gear clamping of the gear inner hole can be easily completed, the harsh requirements on operators in the traditional manual alignment method are avoided, and the positioning precision and the production efficiency are greatly improved. Meanwhile, the invention is suitable for the gear grinding process of various internal hole spur gear, and has especially prominent use effect on gears produced in high precision and large scale. In addition, the invention can further expand the application range of the device by replacing expanding bases and expanding sleeves with different specifications so as to be suitable for inner hole gears with various specifications.
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings for the purpose of facilitating understanding and understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a 90 ° rotated cross-sectional view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a hydraulic module of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a cross-sectional schematic view of the expansion sleeve centering and clamping module of the invention.
Wherein: 1. the hydraulic cylinder comprises a hydraulic cylinder 1a, a pressing-in oil cavity 1b, an ejection oil cavity 1b2, a piston rod 3, a piston 4, a piston ring 5, a pull rod 6, an ejection plate 7, a first bolt 8, an elastic expansion sleeve 9, a pressing-in plate 10, a frustum base 11, a processing gear 12, a spring 13, an oil filling hole 14, a third bolt 15, a pressing-in oil inlet hole 16, an ejection oil inlet hole 17, a second bolt 18, a support plate 19, an oil inlet hole 20 and an oil storage cavity.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a rapid centering and clamping device for a high-precision gear, which grinds the gear by taking an inner hole as a centering reference, and a processing method thereof.
As shown in fig. 1-4, a high accuracy gear centering clamping device based on hole centering, including being used for the whole driven hydraulic module of device and being used for realizing the tight module of cover centering of expanding of gear, the tight module of cover centering clamping set up in the upper end of hydraulic module, the tight module of cover centering clamping of expanding includes a frustum base 10 and rather than assorted elasticity cover 8 that expands, elasticity cover 8 movably cover is located on the frustum base 10, and accomplish axial motion under hydraulic module's the drive, elasticity cover 8 that expands can with its with the relative axial motion of frustum base 10 converts into its self radial deformation to the realization is treated the centering of processing gear 11 and is pressed from both sides tightly.
The hydraulic module comprises a hydraulic cylinder 1, a piston 3 and a piston rod 2 fixedly connected with the piston 3 are arranged in an inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 1, the piston 3 is matched with the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 1, the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 1 is divided into an oil pressing-in cavity 1a and an oil ejecting cavity 1b by the piston 3, and at least one piston ring 4 used for isolating the oil pressing-in cavity 1a and the oil ejecting cavity 1b is further assembled on the circumferential side wall of the piston 3. In the present embodiment, there are two piston rings 4, and the two piston rings 4 are disposed vertically.
The side wall of the hydraulic cylinder 1 is provided with an oil inlet hole 15 for pressing in and an oil inlet hole 16 for ejecting out, the oil inlet hole 15 for pressing in is communicated with the oil cavity 1a for pressing in, and the oil inlet hole 16 for ejecting out is communicated with the oil cavity 1b for ejecting out.
The circumferential side wall of the top end of the piston rod 2 is provided with threads and is fixedly connected with the ejector plate 6 by means of thread matching; an inner threaded hole is further formed in the end face of the top end of the piston rod 2 and is fixedly connected with the pull rod 5 through threaded matching, and the piston rod 2 and the pull rod 5 are locked through a second bolt 17.
The circumference lateral wall on pull rod 5 top is seted up threadedly, pull rod 5 passes frustum base 10's hole and impress board 9 fixed connection, pull rod 5 top connects soon and is fixed with first bolt 7, pull rod 5 with impress board 9 with the help of first bolt 7 is accomplished to lock and is died.
The hydraulic cylinder is characterized in that the frustum base 10 is fixedly arranged on the upper end face of the hydraulic cylinder 1 through a third bolt 14, the upper end of the frustum base 10 is a frustum portion with the conical surface diameter increasing from top to bottom, the inner wall of the elastic expansion sleeve 8 is matched with the frustum portion, the elastic expansion sleeve 8 is sleeved on the frustum portion, the elastic expansion sleeve 8 is movably arranged between the ejecting plate 6 and the pressing plate 9, and the outer diameter of the elastic expansion sleeve 8 in an unexpanded state is smaller than that of an inner hole of the gear 11 to be machined.
An oil inlet hole 19 used for oil inlet is formed in the bottom surface of the frustum base 10, an oil storage cavity 20 matched with the oil inlet hole 19 and used for storing oil is formed in the outer side surface of the frustum portion of the frustum base 10, the oil inlet hole 19 is communicated with the oil storage cavity 20, an oil filling port 13 is formed in the side wall of the hydraulic cylinder 1, and the oil filling port 13 is communicated with the oil inlet hole 19 through an oil pipe.
The bottom of frustum base 10 is the base that has the step face, the fixed three piece at least springs 3 that are provided with on the step face, in this embodiment, springs 3 are four in total, springs 3 equidistance distributes, the top of spring 3 is provided with a backup pad 18, and in the centering clamping process of gear, the lower terminal surface of waiting to process gear 11 with the up end contact of backup pad 18.
The circumference lateral wall of the elastic expansion sleeve 8 is provided with a plurality of mutually symmetrical thin slit grooves (not shown in the figure) along the axial direction, in the embodiment, the number of the thin slit grooves is three, the thin slit grooves are uniformly arranged, and the width of the thin slit grooves is 1.0 mm-2.0 mm. The thin slot is provided with a plurality of unloading holes (not shown in the figure) for arc transition, in the embodiment, each thin slot is symmetrically provided with two unloading holes, the diameter of each unloading hole is 2-3 times of the width of the thin slot, and the circumferential edge position of the end face of the larger outer diameter end of the elastic expansion sleeve 8 is provided with an arc chamfer convenient for gear assembly and disassembly.
The invention also discloses a high-precision gear centering and clamping method based on inner hole centering, which comprises the following steps:
s1, an equipment installation step, namely selecting a part matched with the equipment according to the specific equipment specification and the size of the gear to be processed, and then integrally installing the device on a rotary disc of a gear grinding machine to finish the alignment of the frustum base 10, so that the runout error of the frustum base is less than or equal to 0.002mm, and fixing the frustum base;
s2, initializing, namely keeping the elastic expansion sleeve 8 in an extrusion state, keeping the oil pressure of an oil pressing-in cavity 1a and the oil pressure of an oil ejecting-out cavity 1b in the hydraulic cylinder 1 consistent, and enabling the elastic expansion sleeve 8 to fall back to the frustum base 10 under the self-weight action of the piston 3;
s3, workpiece feeding: hoisting a gear 11 to be machined to the upper part of the device in a mode that a reference surface faces downwards, keeping the axis of an inner hole of the gear 11 to be machined along the vertical direction, and slowly sleeving the inner hole of the gear 11 to be machined along the chamfer of the upper end surface of the elastic expansion sleeve 8, so that the gear 11 to be machined is stably placed on a supporting plate 18;
s4, centering and expanding: after the work piece is filled, the press-in control switch is opened, hydraulic oil is injected into the ejection oil cavity 1b, a certain positive difference value is formed between the press-in oil cavity 1a and the ejection oil cavity 1b, so that the piston rod 5 generates press-in force, the elastic expansion sleeve 8 moves downwards along the axial direction along with the continuous force application of the press-in plate 9 connected with the piston rod 5 to the upper end surface of the elastic expansion sleeve 8, the elastic expansion sleeve 8 uniformly expands in the moving process, the gap between the inner hole of the gear 11 to be processed and the circumferential outer side surface of the elastic expansion sleeve 8 is gradually reduced until the gap is zero, the coaxiality between the inner hole of the gear 11 to be processed and the axis of the elastic expansion sleeve 8 is close to zero, the gear 11 to be processed is centered, and when the elastic expansion sleeve 8 moves downwards under the press-in force, the inner hole of the elastic expansion sleeve 8 to be processed and the inner hole of the gear 11 to be processed, when the maximum magnitude under the pressing-in force is reached, the elastic expansion sleeve 8 stops moving, the gear 11 to be machined is expanded, and then the gear 11 to be machined can be ground;
s5, workpiece unloading step: hydraulic oil is injected into the pressing-in oil cavity 1a, a certain positive difference value is formed between the pressing-in oil cavity 1a and the ejecting-out oil cavity 1b, so that the piston 3 generates proper thrust, meanwhile, oil pressure is generated on a joint surface of the elastic expansion sleeve 8 and the frustum base 10 through an oil injection hole 13 in the hydraulic cylinder 1, along with the fact that the pressing-out plate 6 connected with the piston rod 5 continuously applies force to the lower end face of the elastic expansion sleeve 8, the elastic expansion sleeve 8 moves upwards along the axial direction, the elastic expansion sleeve 8 is uniformly contracted in the moving process, a gap between an inner hole of the gear to be machined 11 and the circumferential outer side face of the elastic expansion sleeve 8 is gradually increased until the elastic expansion sleeve 8 is completely restored to a movable state, and the gear to be machined 11 is also restored to the movable state before expansion.
The selection of the elastic expansion sleeve 8 should satisfy the following formula:
minimum conical surface diameter of the elastic expansion sleeve 8，
The maximum diameter of the conical surface of the elastic expansion sleeve 8，
Wherein C is the taper of the frustum part of the frustum base 10 and the taper of the inner hole of the elastic expansion sleeve 8, D is the size of the inner hole of the gear 11 to be processed, t is the clearance between the outer diameter of the elastic expansion sleeve 8 and the inner hole of the gear 11 to be processed, D-t represents the outer diameter of the elastic expansion sleeve 8,is a taper hole of the elastic expansion sleeve 8Length.
Applying a pressing force to the elastic expansion sleeve 8The elastic expansion sleeve 8 moves downwards along the conical hole matching surface, the elastic expansion sleeve 8 deforms and expands due to the characteristic of conical surface matching in the moving process, when the expansion amount of the outer diameter of the elastic expansion sleeve 8 is equal to the reserved clearance t, the clearance between the outer diameter of the elastic expansion sleeve 8 and the inner hole of the gear 11 to be processed is zero, and the gear 11 to be processed completes centering based on the inner hole,
when the gear 11 to be machined is centered, the axial displacement distance h1 of the elastic expansion sleeve 8 and the pressure at the conical surface joint of the elastic expansion sleeve 8 and the conical surface part of the conical table base 10The following formula is satisfied:
，
wherein,the average diameter of the taper hole of the elastic expansion sleeve 8,and E is the elastic modulus of the elastic expansion sleeve 8.
In S4, the pressing force is appliedThe outer diameter of the elastic expansion sleeve 8 and the inner hole of the gear 11 to be processed gradually form interference fit, and the two are in interference fit with each other to form minimum transmission load≥，
Wherein,the circumferential maximum grinding force generated in the process of grinding the teeth,for the pitch diameter of the gear 11 to be machined,the torque value generated by the grinding force is represented.
The external diameter of the elastic expansion sleeve 8 is in interference fit with the gear 11 to be processed to minimize the transmission load，
Wherein,the length of the joint surface of the elastic expansion sleeve 8 and the frustum base 10,the friction coefficient of the joint surface during operation,the minimum binding force required for transferring load on the joint surface is calculated by the formula，
Wherein,the minimum interference magnitude of the interference coupling of the cone and the flattening depth of the inner hole of the gear,is the arithmetic mean of the profile of the gear bore, i.e. the roughness value,，is the modulus of elasticity of the gear wheel,is the modulus of elasticity of the base of the frustum,、determined by calculation according to the GBT5371-2004 standard,
minimum displacement value of the elastic expansion sleeve 8 moving in the axial direction。
The hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic cylinder 1 during pressing in or ejecting outSaid force of pressing inThe ejection force is，
Wherein, the friction coefficient between the combining surfaces of the elastic expansion sleeve 8 and the frustum base 10 is adopted when oil pressure driving is adopted.
The pressing forceWith said ejection forceThe following formula is satisfied:
，
，
wherein,the oil pressure of the hydraulic oil is injected from the press-in oil inlet 15, the oil pressure of the hydraulic oil is injected from the push-out oil inlet 16,the diameter of the piston.
The principle of the device is that a piston rod 2 is driven by hydraulic pressure to generate proper tension, so that an elastic expansion sleeve 8 is pressed into a frustum base 10, the elastic expansion sleeve 8 is uniformly expanded and deformed in the radial direction in the pressing-in process, when the outer diameter of the elastic expansion sleeve 8 is expanded to the size of an inner hole of a gear 11 to be processed, the gear 11 to be processed is centered by the inner hole, and when the outer diameter of the elastic expansion sleeve 8 is continuously expanded to be larger than the diameter of the inner hole of the gear 11 to be processed, the inner hole of the gear 11 to be processed and the elastic expansion sleeve 8 form interference fit, and a workpiece is expanded tightly; in a similar way, when the hydraulic device generates reverse thrust, the elastic expansion sleeve 8 is pressed out of the frustum base 10, the elastic expansion sleeve 8 can radially and uniformly retract, when the outer diameter of the elastic expansion sleeve 8 is reduced to be smaller than the diameter of the inner hole of the gear 11 to be machined, the inner hole of the gear 11 to be machined is in excessive fit with the elastic expansion sleeve 8, the gear 11 to be machined is recovered to be in a free state, and the function of loosening and unloading workpieces is achieved. In the process of pressing in and ejecting out the elastic expansion sleeve 8, oil pressure and an oil film are quickly established on a joint surface through the oil filling hole 13 on the hydraulic cylinder, so that the pressing in and ejecting process can be realized more easily, and the service life of the device is prolonged.
By the automatic centering and clamping device and the use method thereof, the rapid self-centering and gear clamping of the gear inner hole can be easily completed, the harsh requirements on operators in the traditional manual alignment method are avoided, and the positioning precision and the production efficiency are greatly improved. Meanwhile, the invention is suitable for the gear grinding process of various internal hole spur gear, and has especially prominent use effect on gears produced in high precision and large scale. In addition, the invention can further expand the application range of the device by replacing expanding bases and expanding sleeves with different specifications so as to be suitable for inner hole gears with various specifications.
The invention has various embodiments, and all technical solutions formed by adopting equivalent transformation or equivalent transformation are within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (16)
1. The utility model provides a high accuracy gear centering clamping device based on hole centering which characterized in that: including being used for the whole driven hydraulic module of device and being used for realizing the tight module of cover centering of expanding, expand the tight module of cover centering clamp set up in hydraulic module's upper end, expand the tight module of cover centering clamp and include a frustum base (10) and rather than assorted elasticity cover (8), elasticity cover (8) movably cover is located on frustum base (10) and accomplish axial motion under hydraulic module's the drive, elasticity cover (8) expand can with it with the relative axial motion of frustum base (10) turns into its self radial deformation to the realization is treated centering and the clamp of processing gear (11).
2. The high-precision gear centering and clamping device based on inner hole centering as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the hydraulic module comprises a hydraulic cylinder (1), wherein a piston (3) and a piston rod (2) fixedly connected with the piston (3) are arranged in an inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder (1), the piston (3) is matched with the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder (1), the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder (1) is divided into an oil pressing-in cavity (1a) and an oil ejecting cavity (1b) by the piston (3), and at least one piston ring (4) used for isolating the oil pressing-in cavity (1a) and the oil ejecting cavity (1b) is further assembled on the circumferential side wall of the piston (3).
3. The high-precision gear centering and clamping device based on inner hole centering as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the side wall of the hydraulic cylinder (1) is provided with an oil inlet hole (15) for pressing in and an oil inlet hole (16) for ejecting, the oil inlet hole (15) for pressing in is communicated with the oil cavity (1a) for pressing in, and the oil inlet hole (16) for ejecting is communicated with the oil cavity (1b) for ejecting.
4. The high-precision gear centering and clamping device based on inner hole centering as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the circumferential side wall of the top end of the piston rod (2) is provided with threads and is fixedly connected with the ejector plate (6) by means of thread matching; an inner threaded hole is further formed in the end face of the top end of the piston rod (2), the piston rod is fixedly connected with the pull rod (5) through threaded matching, and the piston rod (2) and the pull rod (5) are locked through a second bolt (17).
5. The high-precision gear centering and clamping device based on inner hole centering as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the circumference lateral wall on pull rod (5) top is seted up threadedly, pull rod (5) pass the hole and the pressing in board (9) fixed connection of frustum base (10), pull rod (5) top connects soon and is fixed with first bolt (7), pull rod (5) with pressing in board (9) with the help of first bolt (7) completion lock is dead.
6. The high-precision gear centering and clamping device based on inner hole centering as claimed in claim 5, wherein: frustum base (10) with the help of third bolt (14) fixed set up in the up end of pneumatic cylinder (1), the upper end of frustum base (10) is frustum portion that conical surface diameter from the top down increases progressively, the inner wall of the cover (8) that expands of elasticity with frustum portion matches, the cover that expands of elasticity (8) is located on the frustum portion, the cover that expands of elasticity (8) movably set up in liftout plate (6) with press in between board (9), the external diameter of the cover that expands of elasticity (8) under the state of not expanding is less than wait to process the diameter of gear (11) hole.
7. The high-precision gear centering and clamping device based on inner hole centering as claimed in claim 6, wherein: oil inlet (19) that are used for the oil feed are seted up to the bottom surface of frustum base (10), seted up on the lateral surface of frustum base (10) frustum portion with oil inlet (19) assorted, be used for oil storage cavity (20), oil inlet (19) with oil storage cavity (20) link up, oiling mouth (13) have been seted up to the lateral wall of pneumatic cylinder (1), oiling mouth (13) with the help of oil pipe with oil inlet (19) are linked together.
8. The high-precision gear centering and clamping device based on inner hole centering as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the bottom of frustum base (10) is for having the base of step face, the fixed three piece at least springs (3) that are provided with on the step face, spring (3) equidistance distributes, the top of spring (3) is provided with a backup pad (18), and at the centering clamping process of gear, treat the lower terminal surface of processing gear (11) with the up end contact of backup pad (18).
9. The high-precision gear centering and clamping device based on inner hole centering as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the utility model discloses a gear wheel expansion sleeve, including elasticity cover (8), set up many mutual symmetries's thin slot on the circumference lateral wall of elasticity cover (8) along axial direction, the width in thin slot is 1.0mm ~2.0mm, set up the uninstallation hole of a plurality of circular arcs transition on the thin slot, the diameter in uninstallation hole is 2~3 times of the width in thin slot, the circumference border position of the great one end terminal surface of elasticity cover (8) external diameter is provided with the circular arc chamfer of the gear wheel loading and unloading of being convenient for.
10. The high-precision gear centering and clamping method based on inner hole centering is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, an equipment installation step, namely selecting a part matched with the equipment according to the specific equipment specification and the size of the gear to be processed, and then integrally installing the device on a rotary disc of a gear grinding machine to finish the alignment of the frustum base (10) so that the jumping error of the frustum base is less than or equal to 0.002mm and finish the fixation;
s2, initializing, namely keeping the elastic expansion sleeve (8) in a pressing-out state, enabling the oil pressure of a pressing-in oil cavity (1a) and the oil pressure of a pressing-out oil cavity (1b) in the hydraulic cylinder (1) to be consistent, and enabling the elastic expansion sleeve (8) to fall back onto the frustum base (10) under the self-weight action of the piston (3);
s3, workpiece feeding: hoisting a gear (11) to be machined above the device in a mode that a reference surface faces downwards, keeping the axis of an inner hole of the gear (11) to be machined along the vertical direction, and slowly sleeving the inner hole of the gear (11) to be machined along the chamfer of the upper end surface of the elastic expansion sleeve (8) so that the gear (11) to be machined is stably placed on a support plate (18);
s4, centering and expanding: after the loading of a workpiece is finished, opening a press-in control switch, injecting hydraulic oil into an ejection oil cavity (1b), forming a certain positive difference value between the press-in oil cavity (1a) and the ejection oil cavity (1b), enabling a piston rod (5) to generate press-in force, continuously applying force to the upper end face of an elastic expansion sleeve (8) along with a press-in plate (9) connected with the piston rod (5), enabling the elastic expansion sleeve (8) to move downwards along the axial direction, wherein the elastic expansion sleeve (8) expands uniformly in the moving process, gradually reducing the gap between the inner hole of a gear to be processed (11) and the circumferential outer side face of the elastic expansion sleeve (8) until the gap is zero, at the moment, enabling the coaxiality of the inner hole of the gear to be processed (11) and the axis of the elastic expansion sleeve (8) to be close to zero, completing centering of the gear to be processed (11), and when the elastic expansion sleeve (8) continues to move downwards under the effect of the press-in force, the elastic expansion sleeve (8) and the inner hole of the gear (11) to be machined form interference fit, when the maximum magnitude under the pressing-in force is reached, the elastic expansion sleeve (8) stops moving, the gear (11) to be machined is expanded at the moment, and then the gear (11) to be machined can be ground;
s5, workpiece unloading step: hydraulic oil is injected into the press-in oil cavity (1a), a certain positive difference value is formed between the press-in oil cavity (1a) and the ejection oil cavity (1b), so that the piston (3) generates proper thrust, meanwhile, oil pressure is generated on the joint surface of the elastic expansion sleeve (8) and the frustum base (10) through an oil filling hole (13) on the hydraulic cylinder (1), and the lower end surface of the elastic expansion sleeve (8) is continuously stressed along with a push-out plate (6) connected with the piston rod (5), the elastic expansion sleeve (8) moves upwards along the axial direction, the elastic expansion sleeve (8) is uniformly contracted in the moving process, the clearance between the inner hole of the gear (11) to be machined and the circumferential outer side surface of the elastic expansion sleeve (8) is gradually increased until the elastic expansion sleeve (8) completely returns to the active state, and the gear (11) to be machined also returns to the active state before expansion.
11. The high-precision gear centering and clamping method based on inner hole centering as claimed in claim 10, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the selection of the elastic expansion sleeve (8) should satisfy the following formula,
the minimum conical surface diameter of the elastic expansion sleeve (8)，
The maximum diameter of the conical surface of the elastic expansion sleeve (8)，
Wherein C is the taper of the frustum part of the frustum base (10) and the taper of the inner hole of the elastic expansion sleeve (8), and D isThe size of the inner hole of the gear (11) to be processed, t is the clearance between the outer diameter of the elastic expansion sleeve (8) and the inner hole of the gear (11) to be processed, D-t represents the outer diameter of the elastic expansion sleeve (8),the length of the taper hole of the elastic expansion sleeve (8).
12. The high-precision gear centering and clamping method based on inner hole centering as claimed in claim 11, wherein: applying a pressing force to the elastic expansion sleeve (8)The elastic expansion sleeve (8) moves downwards along the matching surface of the taper hole relatively, and due to the characteristic of conical surface matching in the moving process, the elastic expansion sleeve (8) deforms and expands, and when the outer diameter expansion amount of the elastic expansion sleeve (8) is larger than the outer diameter expansion amount of the elastic expansion sleeve (8)When the clearance t is equal to the reserved clearance t, the clearance between the outer diameter of the elastic expansion sleeve (8) and the inner hole of the gear (11) to be processed is zero, and the gear (11) to be processed is centered based on the inner hole,
when the centering of the gear (11) to be processed is finished, the axial displacement distance h1 of the elastic expansion sleeve (8) and the pressure of the conical surface joint of the elastic expansion sleeve (8) and the conical surface part of the conical table base (10)The following formula is satisfied,
，
，
wherein,is the average diameter of the taper hole of the elastic expansion sleeve 8, and E is the elastic modulus of the elastic expansion sleeve 8.
13. The high-precision gear centering and clamping method based on inner hole centering as claimed in claim 12, wherein: in S4, the pressing force is appliedThe outer diameter of the elastic expansion sleeve (8) and the inner hole of the gear to be processed 11 gradually form interference fit, and the two are in interference fit with each other to form minimum transmission load≥，
Wherein,the circumferential maximum grinding force generated in the process of grinding the teeth,the pitch circle diameter of the gear (11) to be processed,the torque value generated by the grinding force is represented.
14. The high-precision gear centering and clamping method based on inner hole centering as claimed in claim 13, wherein: the outer diameter of the elastic expansion sleeve 8 is in interference fit with the gear (11) to be processed to minimize the transmitted load，
Wherein,the length of the joint surface of the elastic expansion sleeve (8) and the frustum base (10),the friction coefficient of the joint surface during operation,the minimum binding force required for transferring load on the joint surface is calculated by the formula，
Wherein,the minimum interference magnitude of the conical interference coupling, the flattening depth of the inner hole of the gear, the arithmetic mean value of the profile of the inner hole of the gear, namely the roughness value,，is the modulus of elasticity of the gear wheel,is the modulus of elasticity of the base of the frustum,、determined by calculation according to the GBT5371-2004 standard,
，
minimum displacement value of the elastic expansion sleeve (8) moving in the axial direction。
15. The high-precision gear centering and clamping method based on inner hole centering as claimed in claim 14, wherein: the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic cylinder (1) during pressing in or ejectingSaid force of pressing inThe ejection force is，
Wherein,the friction coefficient between the combining surfaces of the elastic expansion sleeve (8) and the frustum base (10) is adopted when oil pressure driving is adopted.
16. The high-precision gear centering and clamping method based on inner hole centering as claimed in claim 15, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the pressing forceWith said ejection forceThe following formula is satisfied,
，
，
wherein,the oil pressure of the hydraulic oil is injected from the press-in oil inlet hole (15) and the oil pressure of the hydraulic oil is injected from the push-out oil inlet hole (16),the diameter of the piston.
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| CN106994539A (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-08-01 | 东北特钢集团山东鹰轮机械有限公司 | A kind of hydraulic mechanical type gear fixture and method |
| CN108296725A (en) * | 2018-04-16 | 2018-07-20 | 杭州吉利机械有限公司 | Split type differential casing internal expanding processing method |
| CN108621060A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-10-09 | 武汉船用机械有限责任公司 | A kind of positioning tool and method of roll adjustment paddle shaft inner oil tube |
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| CN110842616A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-02-28 | 重庆庆瑞汽车部件有限公司 | Clamping tool for gear shaft machining |
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| CN116967739A (en) * | 2023-09-25 | 2023-10-31 | 成都瑞迪智驱科技股份有限公司 | High-precision assembly fixture and method for rigid gear and cross bearing of harmonic reducer |
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| CN108621060A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-10-09 | 武汉船用机械有限责任公司 | A kind of positioning tool and method of roll adjustment paddle shaft inner oil tube |
| CN109262083A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-01-25 | 浙江巨跃齿轮有限公司 | A kind of liquid rises fixture |
| CN110842616A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-02-28 | 重庆庆瑞汽车部件有限公司 | Clamping tool for gear shaft machining |
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| CN112935423A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-06-11 | 台州格凌机械股份有限公司 | Be used for gear hole inflation formula anchor clamps |
| CN112935423B (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-10-22 | 台州格凌机械股份有限公司 | Be used for gear hole inflation formula anchor clamps |
| CN113376647A (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2021-09-10 | 东北大学 | Blast hole measurement auxiliary equipment and use method thereof |
| CN113376647B (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2024-04-26 | 东北大学 | Blast hole measurement auxiliary equipment and application method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20160622 |