CN108291733B

CN108291733B - Method for determining target operation point, target operation point determining device and user input device

Info

Publication number: CN108291733B
Application number: CN201580084303.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: K.厄尔特尔
Original assignee: Robert Bosch GmbH
Current assignee: Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date: 2015-09-03
Filing date: 2015-09-03
Publication date: 2021-04-09
Anticipated expiration: 2035-09-03
Also published as: EP3344924A1; WO2017039529A1; CN108291733A

Abstract

Various embodiments provide a method for determining a target operating point, the method comprising: determining a local climate measurement at a location of a first user; determining a local climate measurement at a location of a second user; determining satisfaction of a first user; determining a satisfaction level of the second user; and determining the target point based on the local climate measurement at the location of the first user, the satisfaction of the first user, the local climate measurement at the location of the second user, and the satisfaction of the second user.

Description

Method for determining target operation point, target operation point determining device and user input device

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for determining a target operation point, a target operation point determining device and a user input device.

Background

The shared office may have to operate at an overall set point temperature that is either set in a central Building Management System (BMS) or set by a local controller in the room. Thus, it may be desirable to properly set the overall set point temperature.

Disclosure of Invention

According to the present invention, a method for determining a target operating point is provided. According to the invention, a target operating point determining device is also provided. According to the invention, a user input device is also provided.

Drawings

In the drawings, like numerals generally refer to the same parts throughout the different views. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead generally being placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention. In the following description, various embodiments are described with reference to the following drawings, in which:

fig. 1 shows a psychometric graph;

figure 2 shows a diagram of a comfort model;

FIGS. 3A and 3B show flow diagrams illustrating methods for determining a target operating point, in accordance with various embodiments;

FIG. 3C illustrates a target operating point determination apparatus in accordance with various embodiments;

FIG. 3D illustrates a user input device in accordance with various embodiments;

FIG. 4A illustrates a control system 400 according to various embodiments; and

FIG. 4B shows a diagram of a user input device, in accordance with various embodiments.

Detailed Description

According to the design criteria for heating, CO is generally based on average room temperature and humidity and partly on outlet air₂Concentration to assess occupancy of a shared office to operate ventilation and air conditioning control (HVAC) for the shared office in a commercial building. The comfort zone may be defined at a temperature between 22 ℃ and 27 ℃ and a Relative Humidity (RH) of 40% to 60%. The set point temperature may mostly be a fixed value between 23-26 ℃. To some extent, some correction of the set point temperature may be applied as a function of the outdoor temperature to reduce energy demand and maintain user comfort.

Fig. 1 shows a psychometric graph 100 in which a comfort zone 106 is illustrated. The horizontal axis 102 indicates dry bulb temperature (e.g., in degrees C) and the vertical axis 104 indicates specific humidity (e.g., in grams of water per kilogram of dry air).

Lines

108, 110 and 112 indicate relative humidity levels of 100%, 60% and 40%, respectively.

The shared office may have to operate with an overall set point temperature that is either set in a central Building Management System (BMS) or set by a local controller in the room. Operational experience has shown that a given temperature in an office may not meet all user requirements, as individual needs may vary depending on individual metabolism and activity rates, clothing levels, and different ventilation and radiation conditions in the office. Expected user satisfaction can be described by a Predicted Mean Volume (PMV) rating comfort as-3 (overcooling) to +3 (overheating) in the comfort model from Ole range. Such votes (votes) can be calculated based on temperature, humidity, air flow, activity, degree of clothing, and outdoor conditions. The thermal insulation effect of a garment may vary from about 0.15K/W (e.g., for light and thin summer clothing) to about 0.6K/W (e.g., for warm winter clothing), and may have to be applied to heat generation depending on individual activity. The heat generated by an average person may vary, for example, from 100W (when the person is sitting) to 250W (when the person is moving, e.g. cleaning a dwelling).

The predicted dissatisfaction percentage (PPD) may be calculated based on indoor conditions due to user variations. It may be desirable for the design point to satisfy at least 80% of the user.

Fig. 2 shows a diagram 200 of a comfort model. The rating of PMV 202 (where, for example, -3 corresponds to "cold", "2 corresponds to" cool "," 1 corresponds to "slightly cool", 0 corresponds to "neutral", 1 corresponds to "slightly warm", 2 corresponds to "warm", and 3 corresponds to "hot") may be used to determine PPD, for example, as illustrated in diagram 204, where horizontal axis 206 corresponds to PMV and vertical axis 208 corresponds to PPD (e.g., in%).

The ability of HVAC to meet the user's various requirements according to PMV based on temperature and humidity control can be limited, as the greatest impact on personal comfort is given by the style of clothing and (on) activity. The PMV model can only give suggestions for set points for room temperature and does not take into account actual user activity and clothing style. Thus, there may still be a high percentage of people in the room who are not satisfied with the centrally set temperature.

The sensitivity and adaptability of a person to ambient temperature may vary. The comfort perception of the situation may therefore also be different and this may affect the voting for the PMV. Thus, even if not met, more sensitive people can strongly influence the voting, and this can result in the set point value even moving out of the comfort range for more adaptive people.

According to various embodiments, this movement on the PMV may be compensated in the BMS by a measure of comfort conditions at the user's workplace. The sensors may either be installed in a separate sensor network for IAQ (indoor air quality) at the work site or may use information available in the voting equipment.

Examples for correction are:

i) evaluating whether a change at the HVAC affects a condition at the work site;

ii) assessing the sensitivity of the user to temperature variations;

iii) optimizing the overall set point temperature to meet as many users as possible; or

iv) integrating the operating cost in a cost function for the set point of the HVAC system.

According to various embodiments, an apparatus and method may be provided for evaluating policies for user feedback on indoor comfort in a shared office.

Fig. 3A shows a flowchart 300 illustrating a method for determining a target operating point, in accordance with various embodiments. In 302, a local climate measurement at a location of a first user may be determined. In 304, a local climate measurement at the location of the second user may be determined. At 306, satisfaction of the first user may be determined. At 308, satisfaction of the second user may be determined. In 310, a target point may be determined based on the local climate measurement at the location of the first user, the satisfaction of the first user, the local climate measurement at the location of the second user, and the satisfaction of the second user. For example, in 302, 304, 306, and 308, respective information may be received from respective users, such as from user input devices of the respective users (e.g., as described below with reference to fig. 3D and/or 4B).

In other words, the target point (e.g. for operating heating or air conditioning) may be determined based on a plurality of local measurements and based on information about the satisfaction of a plurality of users.

According to various embodiments, the target point may also be determined based on the present target point.

According to various embodiments, the target point may also be determined based on further local climate measurements at the location of the further user.

According to various embodiments, the target point may also be determined based on the satisfaction of the further user.

According to various embodiments, the target operating point may comprise or may be a target temperature.

According to various embodiments, the target operating point may include or may be a target humidity.

According to various embodiments, each local climate measurement may include or may be a temperature measurement.

According to various embodiments, each local climate measurement may include or may be a humidity measurement.

It will be understood that temperature measurements and/or humidity measurements are examples of local climate measurements. According to various embodiments, each local climate measurement may include or may be an air velocity measurement. According to various embodiments, each local climate measurement may include or may be a measurement of air quality (e.g., as by CO)₂Or Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), which can have an impact on user comfort. Similarly, a target air velocity and/or a target air mass may be included in the target point.

Fig. 3B shows another flowchart 311 illustrating a method for determining a target operating point, in accordance with various embodiments. Various portions of the flowchart 311 may be similar or identical to the flowchart 300 shown in fig. 3A, such that the same reference numerals may be used and duplicate descriptions may be omitted. While in fig. 3A the method according to various embodiments has been described with reference to two users, in fig. 3B the method according to various embodiments is described in the case of an integer number n of users. It will be understood that n may be any integer. In 303, a local climate measurement at the location of the nth user may be determined. In 307, the satisfaction of the nth user may be determined. In 310, a target point may be determined based on local climate measurements at the locations of the first through nth users (in other words: user 1 through user n) and based on the satisfaction of the first through nth users.

Fig. 3C illustrates a target operating point determination device 312 in accordance with various embodiments. The target operating point determining device 312 may include a first measurement determining line 314, the first measurement determining line 314 configured to determine a local climate measurement at the location of the first user. The target operating point determination device 312 may also include a second measurement determination line 316, the second measurement determination line 316 configured to determine a local climate measurement at the location of the second user. The target operating point determining device 312 may also include a first satisfaction determining circuit 318, the first satisfaction determining circuit 318 configured to determine the satisfaction of the first user. The target operating point determining means 312 may further comprise a second satisfaction determining means 320, said second satisfaction determining means 320 being configured to determine the satisfaction of the second user. The target operating point determining means 312 may further comprise a target point determining line 322, the target point determining line 322 being configured to determine the target point based on the local climate measurement at the location of the first user, the satisfaction of the first user, the local climate measurement at the location of the second user and the satisfaction of the second user. The first measurement determination line 314, the second measurement determination line 316, the first satisfaction determination line 318, the second satisfaction determination line 320 and the target point determination line 322 may be coupled to each other, as indicated by line 324, for example, electrically coupled (e.g., using a wire or cable), and/or mechanically coupled.

According to various embodiments,

lines

314, 316, 318, and 322 may be configured to receive respective information from respective users, such as from user input devices of the respective users (e.g., as described below with reference to fig. 3D and/or 4B).

Fig. 3D illustrates a user input device 326, in accordance with various embodiments. The user input device 326 may include a measurement line 328, the measurement line 328 being configured to measure the local climate at the location of the user input device 326. The user input device 326 may also include a satisfaction determination 330 circuitry, the satisfaction determination 330 circuitry configured to determine the satisfaction of the user input device 326. The user input device 326 may also include a communication line 332, the communication line 332 configured to transmit information indicative of the local climate and information indicative of the satisfaction to a target operating point determining device (e.g., to the target operating point determining device 312 shown in fig. 3C).

Various embodiments are provided for an apparatus and various embodiments are provided for a method. It will be understood that the basic nature of the apparatus also applies to the method, and vice versa. Therefore, a repetitive description of such properties may be omitted for the sake of brevity.

In this context, the target operation point determination device as described in this specification may comprise a memory, which is used, for example, in the processing implemented in the target operation point determination device. In this context, a user input device as described in this specification may comprise a memory, for example for use in a process implemented in the user input device. The memory used in the embodiments may be a volatile memory such as a DRAM (dynamic random access memory); or a non-volatile memory such as a PROM (programmable read only memory), an EPROM (erasable PROM), an EEPROM (electrically erasable PROM), or a flash memory such as a floating gate memory, a charge trapping memory, an MRAM (magnetoresistive random access memory), or a PCRAM (phase change random access memory).

In an embodiment, "circuitry" may be understood as any kind of logic implementing entity, which may be a processor or dedicated circuitry executing software stored in a memory, firmware, or any combination thereof. Thus, in embodiments, "lines" may be hardwired logic lines or programmable logic lines, such as a programmable processor, e.g., a microprocessor (e.g., a Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC) processor or a Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) processor). The "circuitry" may also be a processor executing software, e.g. any kind of computer program, e.g. a computer program using virtual machine code, such as Java. Any other kind of implementation of the respective functions, which will be described in more detail below, may also be understood as a "line" according to an alternative embodiment.

Fig. 4A illustrates a control system 400 according to various embodiments. The votes from the distributed voting apparatus for a given period of time, with, for example, the users a-D (

users

404, 406, 408, and 410), may be voted

And local temperature

) Collected in a Building Management System (BMS) 402. According to these feedbacks (C)_A、T_A、C_B、T_B、C_C、T_C、C_DAnd T_D) Based on the history of user votes

And the time curve of the temperature at the working site (profile)

To calculate and output from the BMS 402 to correct the set point temperature

The item (1). For example, a new set point temperature

Can be calculated as follows:

may be the old set point temperature. In other words, by using the amplified valueKScaled transformationFThe adjustment of the temperature is done according to the sum of the weighted votes. It will be appreciated that the amplification value may for example be equal to 1.

The program may allow for different qualifications of the user's vote to be taken into account. For example, if it is concluded that one of the users can never be satisfied (because ventilation cannot affect the workplace), his vote can be ranked lower until the necessary modification of the hardware is possible.

It will be understood that while the embodiment shown in fig. 4A operates with four users, there may be any number of users according to various embodiments.

Fig. 4B shows a diagram of a user input device 405, according to various embodiments. Each of the

users

404, 406, 408, 410 illustrated in fig. 4A may be equipped with such an input device 405. The user input device 405 may include a user interface 412 for voting of the user's satisfaction. The user interface 412 may, for example, include an up arrow 416 that the user may press if he is satisfied with; and a down arrow 418 which the user can press if he is not satisfied. Further, a temperature scale 414 may be provided, wherein the measurement of the temperature at the location of the user input device 405 may be represented by an arrow 420.

According to various embodiments, a combination of comfort-based voting means and temperature (and/or humidity) sensing functionality may be provided.

While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to particular embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims, and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

Claims

1. A method for determining a target operating point, the method comprising:

determining a local climate measurement at a location of a first user;

determining a local climate measurement at a location of a second user;

determining a satisfaction level of the first user;

determining a satisfaction degree of the second user; and

determining a target operating point based on the local climate measurement at the location of the first user, the satisfaction of the first user, the local climate measurement at the location of the second user, and the satisfaction of the second user;

wherein the target operating point is determined from a sum of the weighted votes by a transformation scaled by a magnification value based on a history of user votes and a time curve of temperature.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second light sources are selected from the group consisting of,

wherein the target operating point is determined also based on further local climate measurements at the location of further users.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,

wherein the target operating point is also determined based on the satisfaction of the additional user.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2,

wherein the target operating point comprises a target temperature.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2,

wherein the target operating point comprises a target humidity.

6. The method according to claim 1 or 2,

wherein each local climate measurement comprises a temperature measurement.

7. The method according to claim 1 or 2,

wherein each local climate measurement comprises a humidity measurement.

8. A target operating point determining device, comprising:

a first measurement determination circuit configured to determine a local climate measurement at a location of a first user;

a second measurement determination circuit configured to determine a local climate measurement at a location of a second user;

a first satisfaction determining circuit configured to determine satisfaction of the first user;

a second satisfaction determining circuit configured to determine satisfaction of the second user;

a target operating point determination circuit configured to determine a target operating point based on the local climate measurement at the location of the first user, the satisfaction of the first user, the local climate measurement at the location of the second user, and the satisfaction of the second user; and

a control system configured to determine the target operating point based on a time curve of a history of user votes and temperatures and from a sum of weighted votes through a transformation scaled by a magnification value.

9. A user input device, comprising:

a measurement circuit configured to measure a local climate at a location of the user input device;

a satisfaction determination circuit configured to determine a satisfaction of a user of the user input device; and

a communication line configured to transmit information indicating the local climate and information indicating the satisfaction degree to a target operation point determination device,

wherein the target operating point determination device comprises a control system configured to determine a target operating point based on a local climate at a location of the user input device, a satisfaction of a user of the user input device, a history of user votes, and a time profile of temperature, and from a sum of weighted votes by a transformation scaled by a magnification value.