CN108286014B - Preparation method of low-iron-loss high-strength non-oriented electrical steel - Google Patents
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Abstract
A method for manufacturing low-iron-loss high-strength non-oriented electrical steel belongs to the field of electrical steel manufacturing. The preparation steps are as follows: 1) smelting and casting. The material comprises the following components: 3.5 to 5.5 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.002 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.0030 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.30 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.0020 percent of B, and the balance of iron. 2) Forging and cogging, and hot rolling. 3) Recrystallization annealing at the temperature of 700 ℃ and 900 ℃ for 0.5-60min, and air cooling; when the silicon content is less than 4%, recrystallization annealing may not be performed. 4) Rolling at medium temperature until the thickness is less than 0.5 mm. 5) Pickling, rolling at room temperature, and obtaining a sheet with the thickness of 0.03-0.30mm, wherein the total rolling reduction is more than or equal to 50%. 6) And final annealing at 400-1300 ℃ for 30s-200min to finally obtain the low-iron-loss high-strength non-oriented electrical steel. The non-oriented electrical steel prepared by the invention further reduces the iron loss and further improves the strength. Because only silicon is used as a solid solution strengthening element, the cost is reduced, the resource is saved, and the magnetic material has excellent magnetic property and mechanical property, so that the magnetic material has wide application prospect in the fields of high-speed motors and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electrical steel manufacturing, in particular to high-strength non-oriented electrical steel with higher magnetic induction and high starting torque and impact resistance required by an electric automobile motor, a high-speed running motor and the like and a manufacturing method thereof. By improving the content of silicon element and utilizing the solid solution strengthening capability of the silicon element, C, N, S, Ti and other elements harmful to the magnetic property are controlled, the magnetic property of the electrical steel is ensured, the yield strength of the electrical steel is improved, and meanwhile, the processing capability of the product is improved by carrying out proper recrystallization annealing treatment on the hot rolled plate.
Background
With the gradual depletion of non-renewable resources such as petroleum, coal and the like and the increasing serious harm of environmental greenhouse effect, electric automobiles and hybrid electric vehicles are increasingly regarded as a low-pollution and high-environmental-protection vehicle and are certainly and widely applied in the future. The iron cores of the stator and the rotor of the traction motor of the electric automobile and the hybrid automobile are made of non-oriented electrical steel, and the traction motor needs high torque when the automobile is started and accelerated, so that the electrical steel plate needs to have high magnetic induction intensity. In addition, the motor rotor core is subjected to extreme strain due to centrifugal force at high speed, and the automobile is subjected to strong impact at the moment of starting, so that the core material is required to have high strength and toughness.
In the current non-oriented electrical steel products, the product strength is improved along with the increase of the Si content, the yield strength of part of top-grade high-grade products reaches 450MPa, the iron loss of the products is lower, and the use requirements of general industrial motors and generator sets can be met. However, the product has poor toughness and plasticity, is easy to break and low in magnetic induction, is not suitable for high-speed running motors such as electric automobile motors and the like, and non-oriented electrical steel with high strength and high magnetic induction needs to be developed.
Bao steel discloses a high-strength non-oriented electrical steel with higher magnetic induction and a manufacturing method (CN102453838A), the manufacturing method adopts the conventional smelting and pouring process to produce a casting blank, and the post-treatment process comprises the steps of hot rolling, normalizing, cold rolling and annealingThen, the non-oriented electrical steel product with better magnetic property and higher strength is obtained. The production mode provides specific process routes for enhancing the high-strength non-oriented electrical steel, has a certain reference value, but has complex production process, requires a normalizing process, is unfavorable for resource saving and environmental development, and needs process improvement in the long run; japanese JFE (JP2005-2272913) discloses a patent of producing high-strength non-oriented electrical steel in a conventional process, and the main application principle utilizes a precipitation strengthening mechanism of elemental atom Cu, precipitation strengthening element Cu (0.6-1.1%) is added during steel making, and Cu is controlled to be precipitated in a fine dispersed epsilon-Cu metal phase form through post-treatment processes of molten steel smelting, continuous casting, hot rolling, normalizing, cold rolling, annealing, aging and the like, so that the strength is improved while the magnetic property is ensured. The innovation point of the patent is that a precipitation strengthening element Cu is added, the precipitation of Cu in the production process of non-oriented electrical steel is well controlled, and the strength is improved. However, Cu is easy to generate 'copper brittleness', the performance is possibly unstable, and industrial production is not realized. At present, the new-day iron high-strength non-oriented electrical steel has the iron loss P of 15HST780Y10/400Yield strength sigma of 37.9W/kgs＝841MPa，B501.62T; iron loss P of model 20HST570Y10/40023.8W/kg, yield strength σs＝647MPa，B50＝1.61T.
The invention aims to improve the silicon content to carry out solid solution strengthening on the electrical steel, improve the strength of the electrical steel by combining dislocation strengthening, reduce the iron loss of the electrical steel at high frequency and provide a new idea for preparing the high-strength non-oriented electrical steel for the high-speed motor. At present, no report on the preparation of high-strength non-oriented electrical steel by increasing the silicon content is found.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the existing non-oriented electrical steel manufacturing technology, the invention provides a manufacturing method of high-strength non-oriented electrical steel for a high-speed motor, which is used for manufacturing the high-strength non-oriented electrical steel with excellent performance by improving the content of silicon element in the electrical steel, utilizing the solid solution strengthening of the silicon element and combining the dislocation strengthening, thereby improving the service efficiency of a driving motor.
A preparation method of low-iron-loss high-strength non-oriented electrical steel comprises the following process flows: using industrial pure iron and metallic silicon as raw materials, smelting in a vacuum induction furnace and casting into an ingot, forging and cogging the ingot, then carrying out hot rolling, recrystallization annealing, low-temperature rolling, acid cleaning and room-temperature rolling, coating an insulating layer on a cold-rolled plate, and then carrying out Ar2Annealing treatment is carried out under the atmosphere condition, and finally the non-oriented electrical steel sheet with high strength and excellent magnetic property is obtained; the specific process steps and parameters are as follows:
(1) smelting: mixing pure silicon and industrial pure iron according to the component proportion, refining at 1450-. The alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 3.5 to 5.5 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.0020 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.0030 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.30 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.002 percent of B, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities.
(2) Forging and cogging: forging the cast ingot into a square billet by adopting a mechanical free forging mode and using an air hammer at the temperature of 800-1200 ℃, and repeatedly upsetting and drawing out for many times;
(3) hot rolling: loading the forged square billet into a furnace at room temperature, heating to 850-;
(4) and (3) recrystallization annealing: the electrical steel with silicon content more than 4% is subjected to recrystallization annealing, work hardening is eliminated, and rolling force is reduced. The recrystallization annealing temperature of the hot rolled plate is 700 ℃ and 900 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 0.5-60 min;
(5) rolling at medium temperature: two processes can be adopted at the stage, and the electrical steel sheet with the thickness of 0.5mm or less can be obtained;
a) the hot rolled plate is rolled after heat preservation for 10-30min at 800 ℃ of 500-;
b) after acid cleaning, the hot rolled plate is subjected to heat preservation at the temperature of 200-400 ℃ for 5-30min and then is rolled, the pass reduction rate is 20-40%, the furnace returning and heat preservation are required to be carried out for 5-30min for each pass, and the pass rolling is carried out for 3-4 times until the pass rolling reaches 0.4-0.5 mm;
(6) rolling at room temperature: the room temperature rolling adopts a one-time cold rolling method, the reduction rate of the first-time rolling is more than 25%, and the electric steel sheet is repeatedly rolled to 0.03-0.30mm at room temperature for multiple times.
(7) Final heat treatment: after the cold-rolled sheet is coated with an insulating layer, the cold-rolled sheet is subjected to Ar2Annealing treatment is carried out under the atmosphere condition, the temperature is 400-1300 ℃, the annealing time is 30s-200min, and the high-strength non-oriented electrical steel finished plate is finally obtained according to the principle that the annealing temperature is higher and the annealing time is shorter. The obtained electrical steel product plate has magnetic induction intensity B50＝1.58～1.68T，P10/4008-60W/kg, yield strength sigmas＝540～1060MPa。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the characteristics and beneficial effects that:
(1) the silicon element is used as a solid solution strengthening element, and dislocation strengthening is combined, so that the strength of the electrical steel can be effectively improved, the resistivity of the steel is effectively improved, the iron loss is reduced, and the reduction of the magnetic induction intensity is small.
(2) The silicon element is adopted to replace other alloy elements to be used as a solid solution strengthening element, so that the production cost of the electrical steel can be greatly reduced.
(3) The produced high-strength non-oriented electrical steel has excellent performance, and the final magnetic performance and mechanical performance can be controlled by final annealing. Compared with the prior high-performance high-strength non-oriented electrical steel, the yield strength is greatly improved when the iron loss is relative; when the yield strength is comparable, the iron loss is significantly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process scheme of a low core loss high strength non-oriented electrical steel.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that technical features or combinations of technical features described in the following embodiments should not be considered as being isolated, and they may be combined with each other to achieve better technical effects. In the drawings of the embodiments described below, the same reference numerals appearing in the respective drawings denote the same features or components, and may be applied to different embodiments.
Example one
(1) Smelting: mixing pure silicon and industrial pure iron according to the component proportion, refining at 1450-1550 ℃ after melting by using a vacuum induction melting furnace, and casting into ingots. Chemical components: the alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 4.0 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.0020 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.0030 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.30 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.0020 percent of B, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities;
(2) forging and cogging: forging the cast ingot into a square billet by adopting a mechanical free forging mode and using an air hammer at the temperature of 800-1200 ℃, and repeatedly upsetting and drawing out for many times;
(3) hot rolling: loading the forged square billet into a furnace at room temperature, keeping the temperature at 1050 ℃, carrying out heat preservation for 30min, carrying out hot rolling by using a two-roller hot rolling mill, carrying out secondary hot rolling after two times of rolling and then returning to the furnace, and obtaining a hot-rolled sheet with the thickness of 1.4 mm;
(4) and (3) recrystallization annealing: carrying out recrystallization annealing to eliminate work hardening and reduce rolling force; the recrystallization annealing temperature of the hot rolled plate is 850 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 30 min;
(5) rolling at medium temperature: after acid cleaning, the hot rolled plate is subjected to heat preservation at 300 ℃ for 10min and then is rolled, the pass reduction rate is 20-40%, the furnace returning and heat preservation are carried out for 10min in each pass, and the rolling is carried out to 0.4-0.5mm in 3-4 passes;
(6) rolling at room temperature: the room temperature rolling adopts a one-time cold rolling method, the first-time rolling reduction rate is 30%, and then the electrical steel sheet is repeatedly rolled to 0.15mm at room temperature for multiple times.
(7) Subjecting the cold-rolled sheet to Ar2And carrying out annealing treatment under the atmosphere condition. After 2h annealing at 500 ℃, B50＝1.63T，P1/40047.46W/kg, yield strength σs934MPa, and elongation delta of 4.1%; after 2h of annealing at 600 ℃, B50＝1.65T，P1/40025.00W/kg, yield strength sigmas635MPa and 16.2% elongation.
Example two
(1) Smelting: mixing pure silicon and industrial pure iron according to the component proportion, refining at 1450-1550 ℃ after melting by using a vacuum induction melting furnace, and casting into ingots. Chemical components: the alloy comprises (by mass) Si 4.5%, C0.50% or less, S0.0020% or less, Mn 0.50% or less, Ti 0.0030% or less, P0.30% or less, B0.0020% or less, and Fe and inevitable impurities in balance;
(2) forging and cogging: forging the cast ingot into a square billet by adopting a mechanical free forging mode and using an air hammer at the temperature of 800-1200 ℃, and repeatedly upsetting and drawing out for many times;
(3) hot rolling: loading the forged square billet into a furnace at room temperature, keeping the temperature at 1050 ℃, carrying out heat preservation for 30min, carrying out hot rolling by using a two-roller hot rolling mill, carrying out secondary hot rolling after two times of rolling and then returning to the furnace, and obtaining a hot-rolled sheet with the thickness of 1.4 mm;
(4) and (3) recrystallization annealing: carrying out recrystallization annealing to eliminate work hardening and reduce rolling force; the recrystallization annealing temperature of the hot rolled plate is 850 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 30 min;
(5) rolling at medium temperature: after acid cleaning, the hot rolled plate is subjected to heat preservation at 300 ℃ for 10min and then is rolled, the pass reduction rate is 20% -40%, the furnace returning and heat preservation are carried out for 10min in each pass, and the rolling is carried out to 0.4mm in 4 passes;
(6) rolling at room temperature: the room temperature rolling adopts a one-time cold rolling method, the first-time rolling reduction rate is 30%, and then the electrical steel sheet is repeatedly rolled for 0.15mm at room temperature for multiple times.
(7) Subjecting the cold-rolled sheet to Ar2And carrying out annealing treatment under the atmosphere condition. After annealing at 550 ℃ for 2h, B50＝1.59T，P1/40032.59W/kg, yield strength sigmas960MPa, and 7.8 percent of elongation delta; after 2h of annealing at 600 ℃, B50＝1.65T，P1/40019.97W/kg, yield strength σs605MPa and an elongation δ of 13.1%.
EXAMPLE III
(1) Smelting: mixing pure silicon and industrial pure iron according to the component proportion, refining at 1450-1550 ℃ after melting by using a vacuum induction melting furnace, and casting into ingots. Chemical components: the alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 5.0 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.0020 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.0030 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.30 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.0020 percent of B, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities;
(2) forging and cogging: forging the cast ingot into a square billet by adopting a mechanical free forging mode and using an air hammer at the temperature of 800-1200 ℃, and repeatedly upsetting and drawing out for many times;
(3) hot rolling: loading the forged square billet into a furnace at room temperature, keeping the temperature at 1050 ℃, carrying out heat preservation for 30min, carrying out hot rolling by using a two-roller hot rolling mill, carrying out secondary hot rolling after two times of rolling and then returning to the furnace, and obtaining a hot-rolled sheet with the thickness of 1.4 mm;
(4) and (3) recrystallization annealing: carrying out recrystallization annealing to eliminate work hardening and reduce rolling force; the recrystallization annealing temperature of the hot rolled plate is 850 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 30 min;
(5) rolling at medium temperature: the hot rolled plate is rolled after heat preservation for 10-30min at 300 ℃, the pass reduction rate is 5% -20%, the furnace returning and heat preservation are needed for 5-30min in each pass, and the multi-pass rolling is carried out to 0.4 mm;
(6) rolling at room temperature: the room temperature rolling adopts a one-time cold rolling method, the reduction rate of the first-time rolling is 30%, and then the electrical steel sheet is repeatedly rolled to 0.15mm at room temperature for multiple times.
(7) Subjecting the cold-rolled sheet to Ar2And carrying out annealing treatment under the atmosphere condition. After annealing at 520 ℃ for 2h, B50＝1.58T，P1/400Yield strength sigma 37.56W/kgs1103MPa, elongation δ 4.1%; after 2h annealing at 580 deg.C, B50＝1.64T，P1/40022.54W/kg, yield strength sigmas680MPa, and elongation δ 12.3%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the silicon element is used as a solid solution strengthening element, so that the strength of the electrical steel can be effectively improved, the resistivity of the steel can be effectively improved, the iron loss is reduced, and the reduction of the magnetic induction intensity is small; (2) silicon is adopted to replace other alloy elements as solid solution strengthening elements, so that the production cost of the electrical steel can be greatly reduced; (3) the produced high-strength non-oriented electrical steel has excellent performance and can meet the requirements of high-speed motors on non-oriented electrical steel.
While several embodiments of the present invention have been presented herein, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes may be made to the embodiments herein without departing from the spirit of the invention. The above examples are merely illustrative and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A preparation method of high-strength non-oriented electrical steel is characterized by comprising the following process flows: smelting and casting industrial pure iron and metallic silicon serving as raw materials in a vacuum induction furnace to form an ingot, forging and cogging the ingot, then carrying out hot rolling, recrystallization annealing, medium-temperature rolling, acid washing and room-temperature rolling, coating an insulating layer on a cold-rolled plate, and then carrying out Ar2Annealing treatment is carried out under the atmosphere condition, and finally the non-oriented electrical steel sheet with high strength and excellent magnetic property is obtained; the specific process steps and parameters are as follows:
(1) smelting: mixing pure silicon and industrial pure iron according to the component proportion, refining at 1450-1550 ℃ after melting by using a vacuum induction furnace, and casting into ingots, wherein the alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 3.5 to 5.5 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.0020 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.0030 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.30 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.002 percent of B, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities;
(2) forging and cogging: forging the cast ingot into a square billet by adopting a mechanical free forging mode and using an air hammer at the temperature of 800-1200 ℃, and repeatedly upsetting and drawing out for many times;
(3) hot rolling: loading the forged square billet into a furnace at room temperature, keeping the heating temperature, performing hot rolling, returning after two times of rolling, and performing secondary hot rolling to obtain a hot-rolled sheet with the thickness of 1.0-1.5 mm;
(4) and (3) recrystallization annealing: the electrical steel with the silicon content of more than 4 percent is subjected to recrystallization annealing, so that the work hardening is eliminated, and the rolling force is reduced;
(5) rolling at medium temperature: at the stage, two processes are adopted, and the electrical steel sheet with the thickness of 0.5mm or less can be obtained;
a) the hot rolled plate is rolled after heat preservation for 10-30min at 800 ℃ of 500-;
b) after acid cleaning, the hot rolled plate is subjected to heat preservation at the temperature of 200-400 ℃ for 5-30min and then is rolled, the pass reduction rate is 20-40%, the furnace returning and heat preservation are required to be carried out for 5-30min for each pass, and the pass rolling is carried out for 3-4 times until the pass rolling reaches 0.4-0.5 mm;
(6) rolling at room temperature: the room temperature rolling adopts a one-time cold rolling method, the reduction rate of the first-time rolling is more than 25%, and the electric steel sheet is repeatedly rolled to 0.03-0.30mm at room temperature for multiple times;
(7) final heat treatment: after the cold-rolled sheet is coated with an insulating layer, the cold-rolled sheet is subjected to Ar2Annealing treatment is carried out under the atmosphere condition, and the high-strength non-oriented electrical steel finished plate is finally obtained according to the principle that the annealing time is shorter as the annealing temperature is higher;
the annealing temperature in the step (7) is 400-1300 ℃, and the annealing time is 30s-200 min.
2. The method for preparing high-strength non-oriented electrical steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heating temperature in step (3) is 850-.
3. The method for preparing high-strength non-oriented electrical steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the recrystallization annealing temperature of the hot-rolled plate in the step (4) is 700 ℃ and 900 ℃, and the temperature is maintained for 0.5-60 min.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the magnetic induction B of the finished high strength non-oriented electrical steel plate in step (7) is the magnetic induction B501.58-1.68T, iron loss value P10/4008-60W/kg, yield strength sigmas＝540-1060MPa。
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| CN109988896A (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2019-07-09 | 安徽工业大学 | A kind of plastic processing method of oriented electric pure iron |
| CN110172560B (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2020-07-03 | 江苏良工精密合金钢有限公司 | Preparation method of high-Si-content electrical steel |
| CN112375965A (en) * | 2020-10-17 | 2021-02-19 | 北京科技大学 | Preparation method of Cu-containing high-strength low-iron-loss non-oriented high-silicon steel |
| CN112322972A (en) * | 2020-10-17 | 2021-02-05 | 北京科技大学 | Method for improving comprehensive performance of high-strength non-oriented high-silicon steel through normalizing treatment |
| CN112877527B (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2023-01-31 | 长春工业大学 | Method for preparing high-strength non-oriented electrical steel based on critical deformation |
| CN113084166B (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2023-06-02 | 西安理工大学 | Method for preparing tungsten-copper gradient composite material |
| CN116377310B (en) * | 2023-04-11 | 2024-04-19 | 北京科技大学 | Preparation method of ultra-low iron loss high-strength non-oriented electrical steel thin strip |
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