CN108277374A - A kind of Al-Ti-C-Y composite crystal grain fining agents, alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of Al-Ti-C-Y composite crystal grain fining agents, alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Al Ti C Y composite crystal grain fining agents, alloy and preparation method thereof.Fining agent of the present invention by expecting and Y substantially2O3Powder melting is prepared；Basic material is including being 5 in mass ratio：（1.5~2.5）：（0.8~1.2）Aluminium powder, titanium valve, carbon dust；Y2O3The quality of powder is the 0.5 ~ 6% of major ingredient.The present invention is by by Y2O3Mechanical ball mill 2 hours, cylindrical prefabricated section is pressed by powder after powder and major ingredient mixing；Raw material aluminium is first melted in graphite crucible, by step when being warming up to 800 DEG C（1）In obtained prefabricated section indentation molten aluminum, the quality of prefabricated section is the 0.1 ~ 0.4% of raw material aluminium, keeps the temperature 5 ~ 20min, is poured into metal die after skimming, obtains Al Ti C y alloys.The preparation of the Al Ti C Y fining agents of the present invention is simple, low energy consumption, generation environment does not pollute；Refinement and reinforcing to hypoeutectic Al Si is with obvious effects.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of metallurgical technology field more particularly to Al-Ti-C-Y composite crystal grain fining agents, alloy and its systems
Preparation Method.
Background technology
A1-Ti-C intermediate alloys are because containing TiC particles, there are less defect related with Al-Ti-B refiner and not
Foot, it is considered to be most promising aluminium grain refiner.But Al-Ti-C alloys key present in preparation process is asked
Topic is that the wetability of carbon source and molten aluminum is poor, and TiC generates difficult.
Addition grain refiner can not only refine as-cast grain, refine arborescent structure, additionally it is possible to reduce loose, reduction heat
Tendency is split, casting flaw is reduced, improves subsequent processing performance.Recently as the research to aluminium alloy fining agent, develop
Go out Al-Ti-C grain refiners.TiC particles in Al-Ti-C grain refiners are not easy to assemble, be evenly distributed because size is small,
And has many advantages, such as good coherency with Al, and receive significant attention.But since wetabilitys of the C in Al is poor, prepare
It is very difficult, by stir strongly or pyroreaction prepare Al-Ti-C grain refiner, manufacturing cost is higher, limits Al-
The extensive use of Ti-C grain refiners.
Hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy has many advantages, such as the casting character that density is small, excellent, is widely used in aerospace, vapour
On vehicle, motorcycle and other delivery vehicles.Mainly there are Primary α-Al Phase and eutectic Si in hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy tissue,
Middle α-Al are in mutually coarse dendritic crystalline, and common reciever is precipitated with coarse needle-shaped or lath-shaped, exists and isolate work to matrix
With the serious mechanical property for affecting alloy causes the mechanical property especially elongation percentage of Al-Si systems alloy not high, toughness
It is not good enough.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of Al-Ti-C-Y composite crystal grain fining agents, it is intended to be refined for commercial-purity aluminium
Effect, solves the problems such as existing fining agent thinning effect is poor, alloy mechanical property is bad.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a kind of alloys including above-mentioned Al-Ti-C-Y composite crystal grain fining agents.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the preparation methods of above-mentioned alloy.
The invention is realized in this way a kind of Al-Ti-C-Y composite crystal grain fining agents, the fining agent by expecting and Y substantially2O3
Powder melting is prepared；Wherein, the basic material is including being 5 in mass ratio：（1.5~2.5）：（0.8~1.2）Aluminium powder, titanium valve,
Carbon dust；The Y2O3The quality of powder is the 0.5 ~ 6% of major ingredient.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the aluminium powder, titanium valve and graphite powder is 5：2：1.
Preferably, the Y2O3The quality of powder is the 1% of major ingredient.
Invention further provides a kind of Al-Ti-C-Y alloys, which includes raw material aluminium and Al-Ti-C-Y compound
Grain refiner；Wherein, the quality of the fining agent is the 0.1 ~ 0.4% of raw material aluminium；Wherein, the fining agent by expecting and Y substantially2O3
Powder melting is prepared；Wherein, the basic material is including being 5 in mass ratio：（1.5~2.5）：（0.8~1.2）Aluminium powder, titanium valve,
Carbon dust；The Y2O3The quality of powder is the 0.5 ~ 6% of major ingredient.
Preferably, the mass ratio for stating aluminium powder, titanium valve and graphite powder is 5：2：1.
Preferably, the Y2O3The quality of powder is the 1% of major ingredient
Preferably, the quality of the fining agent is the 0.3% of raw material aluminium.
The present invention further discloses a kind of preparation methods of Al-Ti-C-Y alloys, and this approach includes the following steps：
（1）By Y2O3Mechanical ball mill 2 hours, cylindrical prefabricated section is pressed by powder after powder and major ingredient mixing；Wherein, described
Major ingredient is including being 5 in mass ratio：（1.5~2.5）：（0.8~1.2）Aluminium powder, titanium valve and graphite powder, the Y2O3The quality of powder
It is the 0.5 ~ 6% of major ingredient；
（2）Raw material aluminium is first melted in graphite crucible, by step when being warming up to 800 DEG C（1）Obtained prefabricated section is pressed into aluminium
In liquid, the quality of prefabricated section is the 0.1 ~ 0.4% of raw material aluminium, keeps the temperature 5 ~ 20min, is poured into metal die after skimming, obtains Al-
Ti-C-Y alloys.
Preferably, in step（1）In, the major ingredient is including being 5 in mass ratio：2：1 aluminium powder, titanium valve and graphite powder,
The Y2O3The quality of powder is the 1% of major ingredient；
In step（2）In, the quality of prefabricated section is the 0.3% of raw material aluminium, and the soaking time is 10min.
Compared with the prior art the shortcomings that and deficiency, the invention has the advantages that：
（1）The preparation of the Al-Ti-C-Y fining agents of the present invention is simple, low energy consumption, generation environment does not pollute；
（2）The present invention is by adding Y2O3Powder has prepared the Al-Ti-C-Y fining agents that performance is better than Al-Ti-C, the Al-Ti-
C-Y fining agents not only have refining effect to Primary α-Al Phase, but also also have good modification effect to eutectic Si.With pure list
Matter Rare Earth Y and Al-Ti-C intermediate alloys are compared, and the refinement and reinforcing to hypoeutectic Al-Si are with obvious effects and easy to operate, at
This is low.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the Y that additive amount is 0.1%2O3The XRD spectrum of Al-Ti-C-Y composite crystal grain fining agents 3 prepared by powder；
Fig. 2 is the Y that additive amount is 0.1%2O3The SEM spectrum of Al-Ti-C-Y composite crystal grain fining agents 3 prepared by powder；
Fig. 3 is the EDS pattern analysis results of A points in Fig. 2；
Fig. 4 is the EDS pattern analysis results of B points in Fig. 2；
Fig. 5 is the Y for adding different content2O3The micro-organization chart of Al-Ti-C-Y fining agents refinement fine aluminium prepared by powder；
Fig. 6 is that different 3 additive amounts of Al-Ti-C-Y composite crystal grain fining agents refine macroscopic organization chart to fine aluminium；
To the refinement result figure of fine aluminium when Fig. 7 is the process different soaking times of Al-Ti-C-Y composite crystal grain fining agents 3.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.
Embodiment 1
（1）By Y2O3Mechanical ball mill 2 hours, is pressed into cylindrical prefabricated section by powder, obtains Al- after powder and major ingredient mixing
Ti-C-Y composite crystal grain fining agents 1；Wherein, the major ingredient is including being 5 in mass ratio：1.5：0.8 aluminium powder, titanium valve and graphite
Powder, the Y2O3The quality of powder is the 0.5% of major ingredient；
（2）Raw material aluminium is first melted in graphite crucible, by step when being warming up to 800 DEG C（1）Obtained prefabricated section is pressed into aluminium
In liquid, the quality of prefabricated section is the 0.1% of raw material aluminium, keeps the temperature 5min, metal die is poured into after skimming, and obtains Al-Ti-C-Y conjunctions
Gold 1.
Embodiment 2
（1）By Y2O3Mechanical ball mill 2 hours, is pressed into cylindrical prefabricated section by powder, obtains Al- after powder and major ingredient mixing
Ti-C-Y composite crystal grain fining agents 2；Wherein, the major ingredient is including being 5 in mass ratio：2.5：1.2 aluminium powder, titanium valve and graphite
Powder, the Y2O3The quality of powder is the 6% of major ingredient；
（2）Raw material aluminium is first melted in graphite crucible, by step when being warming up to 800 DEG C（1）Obtained prefabricated section is pressed into aluminium
In liquid, the quality of prefabricated section is the 0.4% of raw material aluminium, keeps the temperature 20min, is poured into metal die after skimming, obtains Al-Ti-C-Y
Alloy 2.
Embodiment 3
（1）By Y2O3Mechanical ball mill 2 hours, is pressed into cylindrical prefabricated section by powder, obtains Al- after powder and major ingredient mixing
Ti-C-Y composite crystal grain fining agents 3；Wherein, the major ingredient is including being 5 in mass ratio：2：1 aluminium powder, titanium valve and graphite powder,
The Y2O3The quality of powder is the 1% of major ingredient；
（2）Raw material aluminium is first melted in graphite crucible, by step when being warming up to 800 DEG C（1）Obtained prefabricated section is pressed into aluminium
In liquid, the quality of prefabricated section is the 0.3% of raw material aluminium, keeps the temperature 10min, is poured into metal die after skimming, obtains Al-Ti-C-Y
Alloy 3.
Embodiment 4
（1）By Y2O3Mechanical ball mill 2 hours, is pressed into cylindrical prefabricated section by powder, obtains Al- after powder and major ingredient mixing
Ti-C-Y composite crystal grain fining agents 4；Wherein, the major ingredient is including being 5 in mass ratio：2：1 aluminium powder, titanium valve and graphite powder,
The Y2O3The quality of powder is the 0.5% of major ingredient；
（2）Raw material aluminium is first melted in graphite crucible, by step when being warming up to 800 DEG C（1）Obtained prefabricated section is pressed into aluminium
In liquid, the quality of prefabricated section is the 0.3% of raw material aluminium, keeps the temperature 10min, is poured into metal die after skimming, obtains Al-Ti-C-Y
Alloy 4.
Embodiment 5
（1）By Y2O3Mechanical ball mill 2 hours, is pressed into cylindrical prefabricated section by powder, obtains Al- after powder and major ingredient mixing
Ti-C-Y composite crystal grain fining agents 5；Wherein, the major ingredient is including being 5 in mass ratio：2：1 aluminium powder, titanium valve and graphite powder,
The Y2O3The quality of powder is the 2% of major ingredient；
（2）Raw material aluminium is first melted in graphite crucible, by step when being warming up to 800 DEG C（1）Obtained prefabricated section is pressed into aluminium
In liquid, the quality of prefabricated section is the 0.3% of raw material aluminium, keeps the temperature 10min, is poured into metal die after skimming, obtains Al-Ti-C-Y
Alloy 5.
Embodiment 6
（1）By Y2O3Mechanical ball mill 2 hours, is pressed into cylindrical prefabricated section by powder, obtains Al- after powder and major ingredient mixing
Ti-C-Y composite crystal grain fining agents 6；Wherein, the major ingredient is including being 5 in mass ratio：2：1 aluminium powder, titanium valve and graphite powder,
The Y2O3The quality of powder is the 1% of major ingredient；
（2）Raw material aluminium is first melted in graphite crucible, by step when being warming up to 800 DEG C（1）Obtained prefabricated section is pressed into aluminium
In liquid, the quality of prefabricated section is the 0.2% of raw material aluminium, keeps the temperature 10min, is poured into metal die after skimming, obtains Al-Ti-C-Y
Alloy 6.
Embodiment 7
（1）By Y2O3Mechanical ball mill 2 hours, is pressed into cylindrical prefabricated section by powder, obtains Al- after powder and major ingredient mixing
Ti-C-Y composite crystal grain fining agents 7；Wherein, the major ingredient is including being 5 in mass ratio：2：1 aluminium powder, titanium valve and graphite powder,
The Y2O3The quality of powder is the 1% of major ingredient；
（2）Raw material aluminium is first melted in graphite crucible, by step when being warming up to 800 DEG C（1）Obtained prefabricated section is pressed into aluminium
In liquid, the quality of prefabricated section is the 0.4% of raw material aluminium, keeps the temperature 10min, is poured into metal die after skimming, obtains Al-Ti-C-Y
Alloy 7.
Embodiment 8
（1）By Y2O3Mechanical ball mill 2 hours, is pressed into cylindrical prefabricated section by powder, obtains Al- after powder and major ingredient mixing
Ti-C-Y composite crystal grain fining agents 8；Wherein, the major ingredient is including being 5 in mass ratio：2：1 aluminium powder, titanium valve and graphite powder,
The Y2O3The quality of powder is the 1% of major ingredient；
（2）Raw material aluminium is first melted in graphite crucible, by step when being warming up to 800 DEG C（1）Obtained prefabricated section is pressed into aluminium
In liquid, the quality of prefabricated section is the 0.3% of raw material aluminium, keeps the temperature 5min, metal die is poured into after skimming, and obtains Al-Ti-C-Y conjunctions
Gold 8.
Embodiment 9
（1）By Y2O3Mechanical ball mill 2 hours, is pressed into cylindrical prefabricated section by powder, obtains Al- after powder and major ingredient mixing
Ti-C-Y composite crystal grain fining agents 9；Wherein, the major ingredient is including being 5 in mass ratio：2：1 aluminium powder, titanium valve and graphite powder,
The Y2O3The quality of powder is the 1% of major ingredient；
（2）Raw material aluminium is first melted in graphite crucible, by step when being warming up to 800 DEG C（1）Obtained prefabricated section is pressed into aluminium
In liquid, the quality of prefabricated section is the 0.3% of raw material aluminium, keeps the temperature 30min, is poured into metal die after skimming, obtains Al-Ti-C-Y
Alloy 9.
Comparative example 1
（1）Powder is pressed into cylindrical prefabricated section, obtained by mechanical ball mill 2 hours after major ingredient is mixed, and obtains Al-Ti-C crystalline substances
Grain fining agent 1；Wherein, the major ingredient is including being 5 in mass ratio：2：1 aluminium powder, titanium valve and graphite powder；
（2）Raw material aluminium is first melted in graphite crucible, by step when being warming up to 800 DEG C（1）Obtained prefabricated section is pressed into aluminium
In liquid, the quality of prefabricated section is the 0.3% of raw material aluminium, keeps the temperature 10min, metal die is poured into after skimming, and obtains Al-Ti-C conjunctions
Gold 1.
Effect example 1
The Al-Ti-C-Y composite crystal grain fining agents 3 obtained in above-described embodiment 3 are adopted after corase grinding, fine grinding, electrobrightening
Use X-ray diffractometer（XRD）Its phase composition is analyzed, and using with energy disperse spectroscopy（EDS）Scanning electron microscope（SEM）Observe micro- group
It knits, as a result as shown in Fig. 1 ~ 4.
Fig. 1 is Al-Ti-C-Y composite crystal grain fining agents 3（Y2O3Additive amount is 1%）XRD diagram spectrum analysis, can analyze
Aluminium also detects Al3Ti phases, Al3Y phases.It can be seen that coming, Y in Fig. 22O3Additive amount be 1% prepare Al-Ti-C-Y it is compound
It can be seen that the fine granularity substance compared, the SEM used according to previous experiences and subsequent figures 3 and Fig. 4 in grain refiner 3
Analysis is it is recognised that here it is TiC phases, the substance of also larger blocky strip, it will also be appreciated that this is TiAl3
Phase.
Fig. 2 is the energy spectrum analysis figure of point A, point B in Fig. 2, is 75.6% by the molal weight number score of Al in energy spectrum diagram 3,
The molal weight score of Ti elements is 24.4%, and the molal weight ratio of aluminium and titanium is close to 3：1, it is possible to analyze A points in Fig. 2
Place bulk matter is TiAl3Phase, by 4 figure of energy spectrum diagram, the molal weight score of Al elements is 55.0%, mole matter of C element
It is 16.7% that amount score, which is the molal weight score of 28.3%, Ti elements, and the molal weight ratios of carbon and titanium elements is close to 1：1,
So it is TiC that can analyze the finely ground particle substance in Fig. 2 where B points.
Effect example 2
It is control with commercial-purity aluminium, to the Al-Ti-C alloys 1 obtained in above-mentioned comparative example 1, the Al- obtained in embodiment 3
The Al-Ti-C-Y alloys 5 obtained in the Al-Ti-C-Y alloys 4 that are obtained in Ti-C-Y alloys 3, embodiment 4, embodiment 5 are using mixed
Close acid（75ml HCl、25ml HNO3、5ml HF）Corrosion observes macrostructure, and compares thinning effect, as a result such as Fig. 5 institutes
Show.Fig. 5 is the Y for adding different content2O3The micro-organization chart of Al-Ti-C-Y fining agents refinement fine aluminium prepared by powder, wherein Fig. 5
（a）It is the macroscopic organization chart of fine aluminium, Fig. 5（b）For the macroscopic organization chart of Al-Ti-C alloys 1, Fig. 5（c）For Al-Ti-C-Y alloys 4
Macroscopic organization chart, Fig. 5（d）For the macroscopic organization chart of Al-Ti-C-Y alloys 3, Fig. 5（e）For the macro of Al-Ti-C-Y alloys 5
See organization chart.
From Fig. 5（a）In coarse crystal grain and column crystal can be seen from figure；Fig. 5（b）In it can be seen that column crystal,
And relative to being added to rare earth oxide Y2O3, crystallite dimension is slightly larger；Fig. 5（c）In it can be seen that apparent column crystal, and
（Relative to fine aluminium）Crystal grain after intermediate refinement, but Y2O3The intermediate alloy thinning effect of additive amount 0.5% does not have the content to be
1% good in refining effect；Fig. 5（d）In, hence it is evident that it sees that crystal grain thinning is very small, does not see long column crystal, and react
When there is no apparent phenomenon, also do not blister, with other Y2O3Additive amount is compared, this additive amount thinning effect is best；Fig. 5（e）Carefully
Change grain size and is only second to Fig. 5（d）, but can see column crystal.
Therefore, discriminatory analysis be added to rare earth oxide thinning effect be better than be not added with rare earth oxide refinement effect
Fruit, and work as Y2O3When additive amount is 1%, the thinning effect of Al-Ti-C-Y intermediate alloys is best.
Effect example 3
It is control with commercial-purity aluminium, is obtained in the alloy 6 obtained in the alloy 3 obtained to embodiment 3, embodiment 6, embodiment 7
Alloy 7 carry out macrograph observation, the results are shown in Figure 6, wherein Fig. 6（a）For the macroscopic organization chart of commercial-purity aluminium,
Fig. 6（b）For the macroscopic organization chart of alloy 6, Fig. 6（c）For the macroscopic organization chart of alloy 3, Fig. 6（d）For the macrostructure of alloy 7
Figure.
Fig. 6（a）In, the additive amount of Al-Ti-C-Y intermediate alloys is 0.1%, it can be seen that small grains, also column crystal,
Fig. 6 that thinning effect is 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% not as good as figure additive amount（b）, Fig. 6（c）, Fig. 6（d）；Fig. 6（b）Additive amount 0.2%,
Thinning effect is gradually good, and crystal grain, which becomes smaller, compares Fig. 6（a）, Fig. 6（c）Grain refining effect it is obviously best；Exist as can see from Figure 6
Before additive amount is 0.4%, the additive amount with Al-Ti-C-Y intermediate alloys increases, and grain refining efficiency is also gradually enhancing, but
When additive amount is 0.4%, grain refining efficiency is begun to decline, and crystal grain becomes larger.
Effect example 4
The alloy 3 obtained in embodiment 3, the alloy 8 obtained in embodiment 8 and the alloy 9 obtained in embodiment 9 are carried out macro
Tissue is seen, as shown in Figure 7, wherein Fig. 7（a）For the macroscopic organization chart of alloy 8, Fig. 7（b）For the macroscopic organization chart of alloy 3, Fig. 7
（c）For the macroscopic organization chart of alloy 9.
Fig. 7（a）With Fig. 7（b）It compares, it can be clearly seen that Fig. 7（b）Crystal grain it is more tiny, illustrate soaking time for thin
Grain refining efficiency can be influenced by changing effect.But from Fig. 7（c）, Fig. 7（b）Soaking time 10 minutes, and when refinement time of contact after
When reneing long, crystallite dimension starts to grow up, but grows up unobvious, illustrates that the fining agent has good anti-crystal grain refinement decline
Performance.Therefore, it under square one, can analyze, when Al-Ti-C-Y intermediate alloy soaking times are 10 minutes, refinement effect
Fruit is best.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
All any modification, equivalent and improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention made by within refreshing and principle.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of Al-Ti-C-Y composite crystal grain fining agents, which is characterized in that the fining agent by expecting and Y substantially2O3It is prepared by powder melting
It forms；Wherein, the basic material is including being 5 in mass ratio：（1.5~2.5）：（0.8~1.2）Aluminium powder, titanium valve, carbon dust；It is described
Y2O3The quality of powder is the 0.5 ~ 6% of major ingredient.
2. Al-Ti-C-Y composite crystal grain fining agents as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the aluminium powder, titanium valve and stone
The mass ratio of ink powder is 5：2：1.
3. Al-Ti-C-Y composite crystal grain fining agents as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the Y2O3Based on the quality of powder
The 1% of material.
4. a kind of Al-Ti-C-Y alloys, which is characterized in that the alloy includes any one of raw material aluminium and the claims 1 ~ 3
The Al-Ti-C-Y composite crystal grain fining agents；Wherein, the quality of the fining agent is the 0.1 ~ 0.4% of raw material aluminium.
5. Al-Ti-C-Y alloys as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the quality of the fining agent is raw material aluminium
0.3%。
6. a kind of preparation method of Al-Ti-C-Y alloys, which is characterized in that this approach includes the following steps：
（1）By Y2O3Mechanical ball mill 2 hours, cylindrical prefabricated section is pressed by powder after powder and major ingredient mixing；Wherein, described
Major ingredient is including being 5 in mass ratio：（1.5~2.5）：（0.8~1.2）Aluminium powder, titanium valve and graphite powder, the Y2O3The quality of powder
It is the 0.5 ~ 6% of major ingredient；
（2）Raw material aluminium is first melted in graphite crucible, by step when being warming up to 800 DEG C（1）Obtained prefabricated section is pressed into aluminium
In liquid, the quality of prefabricated section is the 0.1 ~ 0.4% of raw material aluminium, keeps the temperature 5 ~ 20min, is poured into metal die after skimming, obtains Al-
Ti-C-Y alloys.
7. the preparation method of Al-Ti-C-Y alloys as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that in step（1）In, the master
Material is including being 5 in mass ratio：2：1 aluminium powder, titanium valve and graphite powder, the Y2O3The quality of powder is the 1% of major ingredient；
In step（2）In, the quality of prefabricated section is the 0.3% of raw material aluminium, and the soaking time is 10min.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110551910A (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2019-12-10 | 江苏大学 | Aluminum alloy composite refining and strengthening agent and preparation method and device thereof |
| CN112404374A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-02-26 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Preparation method and application of refiner |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110551910A (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2019-12-10 | 江苏大学 | Aluminum alloy composite refining and strengthening agent and preparation method and device thereof |
| CN112404374A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-02-26 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Preparation method and application of refiner |
| CN112404374B (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2022-05-31 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Preparation method and application of refiner |
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