CN108277241A - A kind of processing method and its application for improving kitchen garbage added value - Google Patents
A kind of processing method and its application for improving kitchen garbage added value Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108277241A CN108277241A CN201710020056.7A CN201710020056A CN108277241A CN 108277241 A CN108277241 A CN 108277241A CN 201710020056 A CN201710020056 A CN 201710020056A CN 108277241 A CN108277241 A CN 108277241A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- kitchen garbage
- feature
- fermentation
- hydrolyzate
- added value
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/64—Fats; Fatty oils; Ester-type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats
- C12P7/6436—Fatty acid esters
- C12P7/649—Biodiesel, i.e. fatty acid alkyl esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/04—Biological compost
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/40—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carboxyl group including Peroxycarboxylic acids
- C12P7/56—Lactic acid
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods improving added value of product in changing food waste into resources process field, are handled by several processes so that kitchen garbage is converted into raw material of industry such as reduced sugar, free amino nitrogen etc..Wherein fermentation procedure is：The first step is inoculated with engineering fungi, kitchen garbage is liquefied by submerged fermentation, respectively obtains upper layer grease, middle level hydrolyzate, lower sediment thing；Upper layer grease after purification, biodiesel is converted under lipase-catalyzed effect；Hydrolyzate can be purified through high performance liquid chromatography is divided into carbohydrate, free amino nitrogen；The processing of lower sediment thing sterilizing-drying is converted into bio-feritlizer.Entire process does not generate exhaust gas substantially, and fermented waste fluid cycle is used for subsequent processing, and fermentation dregs make agricultural fertilizer.Invention substantially achieves kitchen garbage minimizing, innoxious, recycling, high added value, the wasting of resources caused by effectively avoiding conventional method and secondary pollution problem.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of solid waste treatment, are related to a kind of processing side for improving kitchen garbage added value
The technique of method more particularly to a kind of anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste output intermediate products (predominantly free amino acid and reduced sugar).
Background technology
Kitchen garbage (Kitchen garbage) is the food refuse of the generations such as family, canteen and catering industry
General name, they are the important components of domestic waste.With the continuous development of China's economy, people’s lives level has
Prodigious raising, but along with rapid economic development be resource waste problem, wherein the waste of food resource is more
Seriously.Currently, annual output is about 350kg to China's food wastes per capita, annual growth is about 6%~10%, there is 2/3 city
City is among the encirclement of kitchen garbage.It is reported that the kitchen garbage day output in a most of line city is at 1000 tons or more,
By taking Shanghai and Beijing as an example, kitchen garbage day yield respectively reached 1300 tons and 1200 tons.
The constituent of kitchen garbage is considerably complicated, is mainly made of water, rice, face, vegetables, meat, also can include paper
Towel, meat bone, fishbone etc..For kitchen garbage rich in starch, protein, fat and cellulose etc. in chemical composition, moisture content is high
Up to 80%, have the characteristics that moisture content is high, full of nutrition, perishable.Also contain the trace elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium simultaneously, leads to
The products such as organic fertilizer, ecological feed, biodiesel can be obtained by crossing effective recycling treatment.Kitchen garbage also is used as certain
The substrate of fermentation, the hydrolyzate of kitchen garbage can also be used to produce the tunning of high added value, such as free amino acid, lactic acid
Deng.
Kitchen garbage, due to moisture content height and feature full of nutrition, is easily grown in the process of storage, collection and transhipment
Sick opportunistic pathogen and mosquitos and flies bring prodigious influence to the environment of surrounding.Domestic most cities kitchen garbage (60%~
70%) directly as feed supply farm, it is likely to result in the mutual infection of animals and humans disease in this way；It is also a small amount of
Kitchen garbage is unprocessed to be directly discharged into sewer, so that there is " gutter oil " problem.
Conventional municipal solid treatment technology is not suitable for the processing of kitchen garbage.Conventional municipal solid treatment technology, which has, to be burnt
Burn, fill etc..Kitchen garbage has moisture content high, and content of organics is abundant, and the kitchen garbage in some areas also has salt content
The characteristics of high, if pollution can be brought to underground water by directly carrying out landfill, entrained pathogen and mosquitos and flies, which can also travel to, fills out
The problem of buried area, the high kitchen garbage of salt content also brings along the salinization of soil.The moisture content of kitchen garbage is higher, directly fires
Burning can waste many energy.
For huge problem and security risk that kitchen garbage is brought, related governmental departments are also being given more and more
Concern.According to State Council《About the opinion for further strengthening urban garbage disposal work》(promulgated by the State Council (2011) 9) is wanted
It asks, harmless treatment is realized substantially to the year two thousand thirty National urban house refuse.It is planned according to " 13 ", to the year two thousand twenty end, meal
Garbage disposal ability in kitchen will reach 7.5 ten thousand ton per days.Compared with 30,000 ton per days required in " 12th Five-Year Plan " planning, this number meaning
Taste, which the five-year processing capacity, to be doubled and redoubled, and kitchen garbage treatment industry will welcome the challenge of bigger.Government and various circles of society
Recycling treatment effective means should be grabbed under the guidance of relevant policies regulation, strive for efficiently using and providing for kitchen garbage
Sourceization processing.
The present invention develops a kind of new mode for changing food waste into resources processing, it is intended to it is attached to improve kitchen garbage product
It is value added, to realize kitchen garbage minimizing, innoxious, recycling, high added value, effectively avoid resource caused by conventional method
Waste and secondary pollution problem.
Invention content
The present invention relates to a kind of processing methods for improving kitchen garbage added value, and feature includes following process：
(1) pre-treatment：The kitchen garbage separating sundries first of coming will be collected, remove napkin paper therein, plastics, bone,
The sundries such as metal, subsequently into mechanical disruption device is carried out, the kitchen garbage particle diameter for being is less than 10mm, while filtering out latent
Other sundries, ensure material quality.Material is transported by endless conveyor in pre-treatment.Mechanical Crushing is to eat
Bulk vegetables in the rubbish of kitchen, meat piece are crushed to particle and are less than 10mm.
(2) ultrasonication：The kitchen garbage that pre-treatment was crushed is transported to ultrasonic processing equipment, is done further thin
Change, reach particle diameter and be less than 5mm, takes out the wherein larger material of particle and carry out circular treatment.Its processing intent is for reduction
Grain specific surface area, is conducive to follow-up microbial fermentation.
(3) high pressure steam sterilization is handled：It uniform material will be handled is transferred in autoclaving equipment and carry out high pressure sterilization
On the one hand processing reaches and goes out except miscellaneous bacteria, exclude the interference of local flora, reduce the Competition between microorganism, on the other hand reach
To the effect of further broken material structure.Autoclave temperature is 121 DEG C, and 20min, pressure reaches 101-105Kpa.Sterilizing
After, under sterile working work environment, it is uniformly mixed material, while it is 30: 100 (g/ml) to adjust solid-liquid mixing ratio.
(4) anaerobic fermentation is handled：Above-mentioned material is transferred in anaerobic fermentation tank, while being inoculated with anaerobic fermentation microorganism,
Convert wherein organic matter to the small-molecule substances such as free amino acid.In the process, fermentation temperature is set as 51 DEG C, above floats downward
Dynamic to be no more than 3 DEG C, mechanical stirring device rate is that 500r/min carries out batch type, while monitoring fermentation tank pH value, amplitude
For 4.0-5.0.Reaction is terminated after the reaction was complete to solid phase kitchen garbage.
(5) it centrifuges：The complete product that will ferment is centrifuged through 4 DEG C, and upper layer grease is preferentially detached for synthesizing life
Object diesel oil, refrigeration after intermediate hydrolyzate is purified, is used for subsequent production；Lower sediment thing after dry sterilization is handled after given birth to
Object fertilizer.In process, 4 DEG C of centrifuging temperature is while to ensure the solidification of upper layer grease to reduce microbial activities.Centrifugal speed is
12000r/min, it is ensured that be kept completely separate.After the completion of centrifugation, middle level hydrolyzate is stored in subzero 20 DEG C.
(6) fermentation dregs are through high-temperature sterilization, and according to its ingredient, corresponding addition element is fabricated to organic fertilizer, it is attached to improve its
It is value added, to realize that kitchen garbage efficiently utilizes.
(7) upper layer oil synthesis biodiesel.The grease of centrifugation is transferred in reaction unit, adds ethyl alcohol, together
When inoculation lipase carry out esterification, to be converted into biodiesel.Wherein reaction optimum temperature is 40 DEG C, best grease:
Proportion of ethanol is 1: 10, and optimum reacting time is for 24 hours.
(8) main component is free amino acid and carbohydrate after hydrolyzate is purified.Free amino acid, according to its at
Different aminoacids are isolated, corresponding amino acid solution is prepared into, can be used for commercial Application and animal husbandry.Carbohydrate
Hydrolyzate obtains lactic acid by secondary fermentation, is used for industrial production.For recycling hair after the liquid waste processing generated in purification process
Ferment, or it is used for urban afforestation.
Compared with prior art, pre-treatment and ultrasonication process can ensure material uniformity in the present invention, will
The raw material of complicated component is converted into the smaller homogeneous material of particle diameter, is conducive to being smoothed out for subsequent handling.Meanwhile for
Tunning is handled respectively for three layers of product of upper, middle and lower, to reach the maximization of recycling degree, ensures that source solves meal
Kitchen garbage problem.
The method of the present invention makes in kitchen garbage oil recovery utilize biodiesel synthesis, hydrolyzate part after fermentation (in
Between product) free amino acid and carbohydrate be divided into according to ingredient.It can be used for follow-up industrial production according to actual conditions, reached
To optimization, maximized application.Organic fertilizer is made after processing for biogas residue, can be used for gardening or afforestation project
Fertilizer application.The waste liquid generated in entire processing procedure can be used for circulating fermentation after processed, or be applied to urban afforestation,
Gardening irrigation water, utmostly less waste discharge.
The present invention provides a kind of mode of the changing food waste into resources processing of synthesis, it is intended to implement kitchen garbage minimizing,
Innoxious theory, to realize changing food waste into resources, high added value, the wasting of resources caused by effectively avoiding conventional method and
Secondary pollution problem.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow chart of changing food waste into resources of the present invention processing.
Specific implementation mode
The concrete operations mode of the present invention contributes to this profession and relevant speciality technical staff to fully understand that this invents,
And then it publicizes and promotes the present invention.
Changing food waste into resources treatment technology, operating procedure include following process：
(1) pre-treatment：The kitchen garbage separating sundries first of coming will be collected, remove napkin paper therein, plastics, bone,
The sundries such as metal, subsequently into mechanical disruption device is carried out, the kitchen garbage particle diameter for being is less than 10mm, while filtering out latent
Other sundries, ensure material quality.Material is transported by endless conveyor in pre-treatment.Mechanical Crushing is to eat
Bulk vegetables in the rubbish of kitchen, meat piece are crushed to particle and are less than 10mm.
(2) ultrasonication：The kitchen garbage that pre-treatment was crushed is transported to ultrasonic processing equipment, is done further thin
Change, reach particle diameter and be less than 5mm, takes out the wherein larger material of particle and carry out circular treatment.Its processing intent is for reduction
Grain specific surface area, is conducive to follow-up microbial fermentation.
(3) high pressure steam sterilization is handled：It uniform material will be handled is transferred in autoclaving equipment and carry out high pressure sterilization
On the one hand processing reaches and goes out except miscellaneous bacteria, exclude the interference of local flora, reduce the Competition between microorganism, on the other hand reach
To the effect of further broken material structure.Autoclave temperature is 121 DEG C, and 20min, pressure reaches 101-105Kpa.Sterilizing
After, under sterile working work environment, it is uniformly mixed material, while it is 30: 100 (g/ml) to adjust solid-liquid mixing ratio.
(4) anaerobic fermentation is handled：Above-mentioned material is transferred in anaerobic fermentation tank, while being inoculated with anaerobic fermentation microorganism,
Convert wherein organic matter to the small-molecule substances such as free amino acid.In the process, fermentation temperature is set as 47 DEG C, above floats downward
Dynamic to be no more than 3 DEG C, mechanical stirring device rate is that 500r/min carries out batch type, while monitoring fermentation tank pH value, amplitude
For 4.0-5.0.Reaction is terminated after the reaction was complete to solid phase kitchen garbage.
(5) it centrifuges：The complete product that will ferment is centrifuged through 4 DEG C, and upper layer grease is preferentially detached for synthesizing life
Object diesel oil, the intermediate purified refrigeration of hydrolyzate are used for subsequent production；Lower sediment thing after dry sterilization is handled after obtain biology
Fertilizer.In process, 4 DEG C of centrifuging temperature is while to ensure the solidification of upper layer grease to reduce microbial activities.Centrifugal speed is
12000r/min, it is ensured that be kept completely separate.After the completion of centrifugation, middle level hydrolyzate is stored in subzero 20 DEG C.
Dregs ferment through high-temperature sterilization, according to its ingredient, corresponding addition element is fabricated to organic fertilizer, and it is additional to improve it
Value, to realize that kitchen garbage efficiently utilizes.
Upper layer oil synthesis biodiesel.The grease of centrifugation is transferred in reaction unit, ethyl alcohol is added, connects simultaneously
Kind lipase carries out esterification, to be converted into biodiesel.Wherein reaction optimum temperature is 40 DEG C, best grease: ethyl alcohol
Ratio is 1: 10, and optimum reacting time is for 24 hours.
Hydrolyzate part (intermediate products) can be divided into free amino acid and carbohydrate according to ingredient after fermentation.According to reality
Border situation is used for follow-up industrial production, has reached optimization, maximized application.It is used after the liquid waste processing generated in purification process
In circulating fermentation.
All of above the device and operating system is controlled by computer, realizes the reality to equipment operation and equipment operating data
When monitoring and remote control.The operation of remote operating system is conducive to improve the automation and intelligence of work, is conducive to mitigate
The interference of labor cost and outside environmental elements helps to improve the stability and high efficiency of product.
Operation described above step is the best operating method in actual motion of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention
It is without being limited thereto.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the range of invention claim.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of processing method and its application for improving kitchen garbage added value, main feature includes with process：
(1) pre-treatment：After the kitchen garbage of collection is removed the sundries such as napkin paper, plastics first, it is put into stirring crusher machine mixing,
Then kitchen garbage is transferred to ultrasonication system；
(2) ultrasonication：Broken kitchen garbage is ultrasonically treated under fixed frequency, continues to crush kitchen rubbish
Rubbish；
(3) high pressure steam sterilization is handled：Upper process kitchen garbage is transferred to high voltage sterilizing device, goes out except miscellaneous bacteria, will process
Kitchen garbage aseptic condition under be uniformly mixed, be prepared into solid-to-liquid ratio be 30: 100 (g/ml) raw materials；
(4) anaerobic fermentation：Above-mentioned raw materials are transferred in anaerobic fermentation tank and are fermented, are stopped completely instead until solid phase kitchen garbage decomposes
It answers；
(5) it centrifuges：The complete product that will ferment is centrifuged through 4 DEG C, and preferentially separation is used for synthesising biological bavin to upper layer grease
Oil, the intermediate purified refrigeration of hydrolyzate are used for subsequent production；Lower sediment thing after dry sterilization is handled after obtain bio-fertilizer
Material.
2. method according to claim 1, feature is：Entire raw materials technology is solid-liquid mixed type.
3. method according to claim 1, feature is：(1), (2) process be to ensure that kitchen garbage breaking is consistent,
Grain diameter is less than 5mm, and its object is to reduce specific surface area in favor of follow-up microbial fermentation.
4. method according to claim 1, feature is：(3) process is the local flora pair to eliminate in kitchen garbage
The interference of anaerobic fermentation microorganism, while reducing the competition between microorganism.
5. method according to claim 1, feature is：(4) in process, 47 DEG C of Celsius temperature, hair is arranged in installation for fermenting
Temperature change is no more than 3 DEG C during ferment；Mechanical stirring device rate is set as 500r/min.
6. method according to claim 1, feature is：(5) in process, 4 DEG C of centrifugal device temperature is to reduce micro- life
Object activity, while ensureing upper layer grease solidification.Centrifugal speed is 12000r/min, it is ensured that is kept completely separate.After the completion of centrifugation, middle level
Hydrolyzate (intermediate products) is stored in subzero 20 DEG C, is used for subsequent production.
7. method according to claim 1, feature is：(5) in, grease reacts synthesising biological bavin by esterification by lipase reaction
Oil, lower layer's fermentation dregs are for being converted into bio-organic fertilizer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710020056.7A CN108277241A (en) | 2017-01-06 | 2017-01-06 | A kind of processing method and its application for improving kitchen garbage added value |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710020056.7A CN108277241A (en) | 2017-01-06 | 2017-01-06 | A kind of processing method and its application for improving kitchen garbage added value |
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| CN108277241A true CN108277241A (en) | 2018-07-13 |
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| CN201710020056.7A Pending CN108277241A (en) | 2017-01-06 | 2017-01-06 | A kind of processing method and its application for improving kitchen garbage added value |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112939667A (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2021-06-11 | 刘文治 | Total-nutrient water-soluble fertilizer and production method thereof |
| CN114789181A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2022-07-26 | 北京科技大学 | Method for recycling kitchen waste |
-
2017
- 2017-01-06 CN CN201710020056.7A patent/CN108277241A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114789181A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2022-07-26 | 北京科技大学 | Method for recycling kitchen waste |
| CN114789181B (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2023-12-05 | 北京科技大学 | Kitchen waste recycling method |
| CN112939667A (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2021-06-11 | 刘文治 | Total-nutrient water-soluble fertilizer and production method thereof |
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| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20180713 |
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| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |