CN108274847A - 紫外光催化静电纺丝防雾霾窗纱及其制备方法 - Google Patents
紫外光催化静电纺丝防雾霾窗纱及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108274847A CN108274847A CN201810058338.0A CN201810058338A CN108274847A CN 108274847 A CN108274847 A CN 108274847A CN 201810058338 A CN201810058338 A CN 201810058338A CN 108274847 A CN108274847 A CN 108274847A
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- spinning
- tio
- window screening
- functional film
- liquid
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Classifications
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- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
- B32B3/266—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
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- E06B9/52—Devices affording protection against insects, e.g. fly screens; Mesh windows for other purposes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
- F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
- F24F3/16—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by purification, e.g. by filtering; by sterilisation; by ozonisation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F8/00—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying
- F24F8/10—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F8/00—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying
- F24F8/10—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种紫外光催化静电纺丝防雾霾窗纱及其制备方法。该窗纱具有三层复合结构,基础层为金属筛网,中间层为由静电纺丝法直接电纺于金属筛网上表面的纳米纤维功能膜,纳米纤维功能膜为TiO2/PMMA/PEO/ECA复合纳米纤维膜,所含的TiO2为具有类分子筛结构的TiO2粉末,纳米纤维功能膜的上表面通过热压法复合尼龙网保护层。该窗纱能够对室外空气进行过滤,有效阻隔颗粒状污染物,还可以起到防紫外线的作用,并能够起到杀菌消毒、分解有害气体的功效,在保证室内外空气流通的同时,能够防止室外雾霾和紫外线等污染物进入室内污染室内环境,且制备方法简单,适宜规模化生产,具有很好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于建材和环保领域,具体涉及紫外光催化静电纺丝防雾霾窗纱及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,雾霾、扬尘或沙尘天气频繁出现,空气污染对健康的影响逐渐引起人们的重视。我国已成为全球大气污染最严重的国家之一,城市大气环境中PM2.5浓度超标,国内多个城市被雾霾困扰,雾霾形式严峻。不仅如此,20世纪以来,随着工业的飞速发展,大气污染越来越严重,氟利昂等氯化物被紫外线分解后,进一步与臭氧层反应,导致大气臭氧层遭到严重破坏,太阳紫外线辐射强度不断增强,对人类产生的影响越来越大。过强紫外线使皮肤产生色斑,并可能诱发癌变。保护人体避免过量的紫外线辐射已经成为当今许多行业开发新产品的重要目标之一。除此之外,随着空气污染的加重,大气中还含有细菌病毒和有机污染物、氮氧化物、硫氧化物等有害气体污染物。在室外雾霾污染严重时,人们往往采用关闭门窗的方式阻隔室外空气进入室内,但是长期封闭门窗会影响室内外空气流通,影响室内换气,对人体健康不利。如何对通风门窗进行改造,在保证室内外空气流通的同时防止室外雾霾和紫外线等污染物进入室内污染室内环境是目前迫切需要解决的问题。纱窗是常见的通风门窗配件,传统纱窗的网状窗纱可以在保证通风的同时防止蚊虫进入室内,但其对雾霾、紫外线等污染物不能起到阻碍防护作用。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是:克服现有技术缺陷,对现有技术中的纱窗的窗纱进行改造,提供一种紫外光催化静电纺丝防雾霾窗纱及其制备方法。
为了解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种紫外光催化静电纺丝防雾霾窗纱的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)配置前驱体纺丝液:将具有类分子筛结构的TiO2粉末分散于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中制成0.5-2wt%的TiO2分散液,向TiO2分散液中加入聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA,分子量为11万)、聚氧化乙烯(PEO,分子量为90万)和氰基丙烯酸乙酯(ECA)混合均匀得澄清溶液即为前驱体纺丝液,所得前驱体纺丝液中PMMA的含量为15-30wt%,PEO的含量为0.3-0.9wt%,ECA的含量为0.5-2.0wt%;
(2)预处理基础层:所述的基础层为金属筛网,用清水对金属筛网进行洗涤,进行除杂除尘处理,再进行脱脂处理,将金属筛网浸入38-40℃的脱脂液中,20-25min后完成脱脂处理,再用清水对脱脂处理后的金属筛网进行洗涤,晾干备用;
(3)电纺复合纳米纤维功能膜:将步骤(1)配得的前驱体纺丝液加入静电纺丝设备储液机构中,以步骤(2)中经过预处理的金属筛网作为静电纺丝设备的纺丝收集机构,用静电纺丝设备直接在金属筛网的上表面电纺复合一层纳米纤维功能膜;
(4)热压复合保护层:所述的保护层为尼龙网,采用40-50℃热压工艺将尼龙网复合于步骤(3)制得的纳米纤维功能膜的上表面上,即得紫外光催化静电纺丝防雾霾窗纱。
从传统纱窗到功能性防雾霾纱窗,可以采用衬入活性炭等PM2.5过滤材料夹层吸附灰尘的方法,但现有滤材厚度较大,不能满足窗纱透光性和透气性的需要,且这种方法滤材与传统窗纱结合工艺较为复杂,成本较高,无法满足工业化生产需求。本发明通过静电纺丝法在基础层上直接复合一层微纳米厚度(平均厚度为500-2000nm)的纳米纤维功能膜,这种由静电纺丝法制得的纳米纤维膜厚度薄、孔隙率高具有很好的透光性和透气性,能够满足窗纱透光、透气要求,该纳米纤维功能膜具有超大的比表面积及纳米尺度孔径,能够更好的过滤PM2.5及细菌病毒,且纳米纤维功能膜所含的具有类分子筛结构的TiO2粉末能吸收紫外光能量,在防辐射的同时,利用所吸收能量将大气中有机污染物、氮杂化物等分解成无污染的小分子,以及破坏细菌的细胞壁,杀灭细菌并分解其丝网菌体,从而达到消除空气污染的目的。步骤(1)在配置前驱体纺丝液时,加入了原料聚氧化乙烯作为络合剂,聚氧化乙烯的加入可以增强电纺纤维的强度、连续性和稳定性,同时加入了氰基丙烯酸乙酯,氰基丙烯酸乙酯可以在电纺纤维与金属筛网接触过程中(步骤3)增强纳米纤维膜与金属筛网的结合效果,使纳米纤维功能膜可以通过静电纺丝技术直接与金属筛网牢固结合,使纳米纤维功能膜在运输和使用过程中不易破损和脱落,能够延长窗纱的使用寿命。步骤(4)中又在纳米纤维功能膜表面热压了一层尼龙网作为保护层,能够更好的加固和保护纳米纤维功能膜,避免其与外界硬物直接剐蹭接触,使窗纱更加结实耐用。本发明在制备纳米纤维功能膜所采用的静电纺丝法是一种常用的生产制备微纳米纤维的方法,该方法通过电场力使原材料溶液或熔融液作为前驱体纺丝液形成射流并拉伸劈裂,最终在收集极上沉积形成纳米纤维膜,采用静电纺丝法制得的纳米纤维膜较易与收集极材料分离,本发明为了保障窗纱的耐用性、延长使用寿命,要使功能性纤维膜能够通过静电纺丝过程直接与金属筛网(收集极)牢固结合,为此发明人对前驱体纺丝液的配方进行了创新性的改进,使电纺纤维在与金属筛网接触过程中能直接粘合金属筛网表面形成牢固结构,本发明的窗纱制备方法在确保了窗纱质量的同时,简化了防雾霾窗纱的生产工艺,节约了生产时间和成本,能够适应规模化工业生产的要求。
优选的,所述的步骤(1)所用的具有类分子筛结构的TiO2粉末的制备方法包括以下步骤:
a)模板复合剂溶液:取300mL工业TiOSO4液加热至100℃,搅拌15min得热钛液;取定量十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、聚环氧乙烷-聚环氧丙烷-聚环氧乙烷三嵌(P-123)和硅酸钠(Na2SiO3·9H2O)溶于600mL水中,原料摩尔比为:X(Ti):X(CTAB):X(P-123):X(Si)=1:0.2:0.02:0.02;再量取三乙基胺(TEA)15mL,正戊醇15mL加入其中,搅拌混匀,配置成模板复合剂溶液,并置于70℃的恒温油浴中搅拌15min;
b)取200ml步骤a)制得的复合模板剂溶液置于70℃的恒温油浴的三颈瓶中,再加入40mL步骤a)的热钛液磁力搅拌,滴加1:1氨水(氨水和水按体积比1:1混合配得)调节溶液pH值直至溶液呈土灰色,产生晶种;然后分别将余下的热钛液和复合模板剂溶液倒入保温滴液漏斗中,均以3滴/s的速率滴入三颈瓶中,混合物在70℃下搅拌反应8h后,转入水热釜中于110℃水热晶华24h,取出晶化产物自然冷却后进行减压抽滤,水洗、醇洗后于80℃烘干6h得到前驱体PT。
c)臭氧氧化脱模:取定量前驱体PT放入臭氧发生器中,连同臭氧发生器一起放入干燥器中,密封,臭氧氧化36h后取样,得到样品PTO3;
d)萃取脱模:步骤c)得到的样品PTO3进行萃取脱模,萃取时按每克前驱体每次用5mL浓盐酸和25mL无水乙醇作萃取剂,于80℃恒温油浴中磁力搅拌萃取脱模6h,趁热减压抽滤,水洗,醇洗,放入烘箱中80℃干燥3h,即完成1次萃取脱模,萃取脱模4次,得到样品PTE4;
e)煅烧脱模:取步骤d)萃取脱模后样品PTE4置于马弗炉中,以升温速率为10℃/min升温至125℃煅烧1h,再以升温速率为10℃/min升温至300℃恒温煅烧1h,最后以升温速率为10℃/min升温至450℃恒温煅烧2h,得到白色粉末,即为具有类分子筛结构的TiO2粉末。
本发明所使用的由上述方法制得的具有类分子筛结构的TiO2粉末是很好的纳米光催化剂,该材料的量子尺寸效应会使半导体能隙变宽,导带电位变得更负,而价带电位变得更正,这就使其获得了更强的氧化还原能力,该材料在紫外光的照射下受激生成“电子-空穴”对,这种“电子-空穴”对和周围的水、氧气发生作用后,就具有了极强的氧化-还原能力,能将空气中甲醛、苯等污染物直接分解成无害无味的物质,以及破坏细菌的细胞壁,杀灭细菌并分解其丝网菌体,从而达到消除空气污染的目的。该材料的高比表面积使得具有类分子筛结构的TiO2有强大的吸附污染物的能力,能显著提高催化反应的反应速率,能有效地分解大气中的有机污染物、氮氧化物、硫氧化物,以及各种臭气如乙醛、硫化氢、甲硫醇等有害物质。
优选的,所述的步骤(1)配置前驱体纺丝液:将具有类分子筛结构的TiO2粉末加入DMF中,用超声波破碎仪处理2-5h,使具有类分子筛结构的TiO2均匀分散在溶剂中制成0.5-2wt%的TiO2分散液,常温搅拌下向TiO2分散液中加入PMMA,搅拌8-10h至混合溶液均匀澄清;再向溶液中加入PEO搅拌8h,再向溶液中加入ECA,继续搅拌12h得到均一透明、粘度合适的前驱体纺丝溶液,所得前驱体纺丝液中PMMA的含量为15-30wt%,PEO的含量为0.3-0.9wt%,ECA的含量为0.5-2.0wt%。
优选的,所述的步骤(3)电纺复合纳米纤维功能膜的纺丝距离为10-50厘米,纺丝电压为30-75千伏,纺丝温度为25-30℃,湿度为20-40%RH,纺丝时间为3-15min。
优选的,所述的步骤(4)所用的尼龙网表面用磁控溅射法复合有银离子膜。
在尼龙网表面复合银离子膜可以利用银离子的杀菌作用增强窗纱在净化空气时的杀菌消毒效果,同时银离子膜使得尼龙网具有金属光泽,也能使本申请的窗纱更加美观。
本发明还公开了由上述方法制得的紫外光催化静电纺丝防雾霾窗纱,该窗纱具有三层复合结构,基础层为金属筛网,中间层为由静电纺丝法直接电纺于金属筛网上表面的纳米纤维功能膜,所述的纳米纤维功能膜为TiO2/PMMA/PEO/ECA复合纳米纤维膜,所述的纳米纤维功能膜所含的TiO2为具有类分子筛结构的TiO2粉末,纳米纤维功能膜的上表面通过热压法复合保护层,所述的保护层为尼龙网。
优选的,所述的金属筛网的目数为40-200目,所述的尼龙网目数为20-100目。
优选的,所述的纳米纤维功能膜的平均厚度为500-2000nm,构成纳米纤维功能膜的纤维平均直径为100-300nm,纳米纤维功能膜的孔隙率大于等于90%,孔隙的平均孔径200-600nm。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明对现有技术中的纱窗的窗纱进行改造,提供了一种紫外光催化静电纺丝防雾霾窗纱及其制备方法。该窗纱能够对室外空气进行过滤有效阻隔颗粒状污染物,还可以起到防紫外线的作用,并能够起到杀菌消毒、分解有害气体的功效,在保证室内外空气流通的同时,能够防止室外雾霾和紫外线等污染物进入室内污染室内环境,且制备方法简单,适宜规模化生产,具有很好的应用前景。具体而言:
(1)本发明通过静电纺丝法在基础层上直接复合一层微纳米厚度(平均厚度为500-2000nm)的纳米纤维功能膜,这种由静电纺丝法制得的纳米纤维膜厚度薄、孔隙率高,具有很好的透光性和透气性,能够满足窗纱透光、透气要求。该纳米纤维功能膜具有超大的比表面积及纳米尺度孔径,能够更好的过滤PM2.5及细菌病毒,且纳米纤维功能膜所含的具有类分子筛结构的TiO2粉末能吸收的紫外光能量,在防辐射的同时,利用所吸收能量将大气中有机污染物、氮杂化物等分解成无污染的小分子,以及破坏细菌的细胞壁,杀灭细菌并分解其丝网菌体,从而达到消除空气污染的目的。步骤(1)在配置前驱体纺丝液时,加入了原料聚氧化乙烯作为络合剂,聚氧化乙烯的加入可以增强电纺纤维的强度、连续性和稳定性,同时加入了氰基丙烯酸乙酯,氰基丙烯酸乙酯可以在电纺纤维与金属筛网接触过程中(步骤3)增强纳米纤维膜与金属筛网的结合效果,使纳米纤维功能膜可以通过静电纺丝技术直接与金属筛网牢固结合,使纳米纤维功能膜在运输和使用过程中不易破损和脱落,能够延长窗纱的使用寿命。步骤(4)中又在纳米纤维功能膜表面热压了一层尼龙网作为保护层,能够更好的加固和保护纳米纤维功能膜,避免其与外界硬物直接剐蹭接触,使窗纱更加结实耐用。
(2)本发明所使用的自制的具有类分子筛结构的TiO2粉末是很好的纳米光催化剂,该材料的量子尺寸效应会使半导体能隙变宽,导带电位变得更负,而价带电位变得更正,这就使其获得了更强的氧化还原能力,该材料在紫外光的照射下受激生成“电子-空穴”对,这种“电子-空穴”对和周围的水、氧气发生作用后,就具有了极强的氧化-还原能力,能将空气中甲醛、苯等污染物直接分解成无害无味的物质,以及破坏细菌的细胞壁,杀灭细菌并分解其丝网菌体,从而达到消除空气污染的目的。该材料的高比表面积使得具有类分子筛结构的TiO2有强大的吸附污染物的能力,能显著提高催化反应的反应速率,能有效地分解大气中的有机污染物、氮氧化物、硫氧化物,以及各种臭气如乙醛、硫化氢、甲硫醇等有害物质。
(3)本发明为了保障窗纱的耐用性、延长使用寿命,要使功能性纤维膜能够通过静电纺丝过程直接与金属筛网(收集极)牢固结合,为此发明人对前驱体纺丝液的配方进行了创新性的改进,使在电纺纤维与金属筛网接触过程中直接粘合于金属筛网表面形成牢固的结合结构,本发明的窗纱制备方法在确保了窗纱质量的同时,简化了防雾霾窗纱的生产工艺,节约了生产时间和成本,能够适应规模化工业生产的要求。
(4)优选方案中,在作为保护层的尼龙网表面复合银离子膜可以利用银离子的杀菌作用增强窗纱在净化空气时的杀菌消毒效果,同时银离子膜使得尼龙网具有金属光泽,也能使本申请的窗纱更加美观。
附图说明
图1:实施例1制得的纳米纤维功能膜的SEM表征;
图2:实施例1的窗纱的结构示意图;
图中:1-金属筛网,2-纳米纤维功能膜,3-尼龙网。
具体实施方式
为能清楚说明本方案的技术特点,下面通过实施方式对本方案进行阐述。
本发明实施例所用的具有类分子筛结构的TiO2粉末的制备方法包括以下步骤:
a)模板复合剂溶液:取300mL工业TiOSO4液加热至100℃,搅拌15min得热钛液;取定量十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、聚环氧乙烷-聚环氧丙烷-聚环氧乙烷三嵌(P-123)和硅酸钠(Na2SiO3·9H2O)溶于600mL水中,原料摩尔比为:X(Ti):X(CTAB):X(P-123):X(Si)=1:0.2:0.02:0.02;再量取三乙基胺(TEA)15mL,正戊醇15mL加入其中,搅拌混匀,配置成模板复合剂溶液,并置于70℃的恒温油浴中搅拌15min;
b)取200ml步骤a)制得的复合模板剂溶液置于70℃的恒温油浴的三颈瓶中,再加入40mL步骤a)的热钛液磁力搅拌,滴加1:1氨水(氨水和水按体积比1:1混合配得)调节溶液pH值直至溶液呈土灰色,产生晶种;然后分别将余下的热钛液和复合模板剂溶液倒入保温滴液漏斗中,均以3滴/s的速率滴入三颈瓶中,混合物在70℃下搅拌反应8h后,转入水热釜中于110℃水热晶华24h,取出晶化产物自然冷却后进行减压抽滤,水洗、醇洗后于80℃烘干6h得到前驱体PT。
c)臭氧氧化脱模:取定量前驱体PT放入臭氧发生器中,连同臭氧发生器一起放入干燥器中,密封,臭氧氧化36h后取样,得到样品PTO3;
d)萃取脱模:步骤c)得到的样品PTO3进行萃取脱模,萃取时按每克前驱体每次用5mL浓盐酸和25mL无水乙醇作萃取剂,于80℃恒温油浴中磁力搅拌萃取脱模6h,趁热减压抽滤,水洗,醇洗,放入烘箱中80℃干燥3h,即完成1次萃取脱模,萃取脱模4次,得到样品PTE4;
e)煅烧脱模:取步骤d)萃取脱模后样品PTE4置于马弗炉中,以升温速率为10℃/min升温至125℃煅烧1h,再以升温速率为10℃/min升温至300℃恒温煅烧1h,最后以升温速率为10℃/min升温至450℃恒温煅烧2h,得到白色粉末,即为具有类分子筛结构的TiO2粉末。
实施例1
一种紫外光催化静电纺丝防雾霾窗纱的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)配置前驱体纺丝液:将具有类分子筛结构的TiO2粉末加至DMF中,用超声波破碎仪处理2h,使具有类分子筛结构的TiO2均匀分散在溶剂中制成0.5wt%的TiO2分散液,常温搅拌下向TiO2分散液中加入PMMA,搅拌8h至混合溶液均匀澄清;再向溶液中加入PEO搅拌8h,再向溶液中加入ECA,继续搅拌12h得到均一透明、粘度合适的前驱体纺丝溶液,所得前驱体纺丝液中PMMA的含量为15wt%,PEO的含量为0.8wt%,ECA的含量为2.0wt%;
(2)预处理基础层:所述的基础层为目数为40目的铜筛网(金属筛网),用清水对金属筛网进行洗涤,进行除杂除尘处理,再进行脱脂处理,将金属筛网浸入38℃的脱脂液中,20min后完成脱脂处理,再用清水对脱脂处理后的金属筛网进行洗涤,晾干备用;
(3)电纺复合纳米纤维功能膜:将步骤(1)配得的前驱体纺丝液加入静电纺丝设备储液机构中,以步骤(2)中经过预处理的金属筛网作为静电纺丝设备的纺丝收集机构,纺丝距离为15厘米,纺丝电压为30千伏,纺丝温度为25℃,湿度为25%RH,纺丝时间为13min,用静电纺丝设备直接在金属筛网的上表面电纺复合一层纳米纤维功能膜;
(4)热压复合保护层:所述的保护层为目数为40目的尼龙网,采用42℃热压工艺将尼龙网复合于步骤(3)制得的纳米纤维功能膜的上表面上,即得紫外光催化静电纺丝防雾霾窗纱。
所得防雾霾窗纱的结构图如图2所示,该窗纱具有三层复合结构,基础层为金属筛网(1),中间层为由静电纺丝法直接电纺于金属筛网(1)上表面的纳米纤维功能膜(2),所述的纳米纤维功能膜(2)为TiO2/PMMA/PEO/ECA复合纳米纤维膜,所述的纳米纤维功能膜(2)所含的TiO2为具有类分子筛结构的TiO2粉末,纳米纤维功能膜(2)的上表面通过热压法复合保护层,所述的保护层为尼龙网(3)。
所得防雾霾窗纱性能测试:经过测试,所得防雾霾窗纱的纳米纤维功能膜形貌如图1所示,纳米纤维功能膜的平均厚度为1860nm,构成纳米纤维功能膜的纤维平均直径为300nm,纳米纤维功能膜的孔隙率92%,孔隙的平均孔径550nm;依据FZ/T01009-2008《纺织品织物透光性的测定》GB/T6165-2008《高效空气过滤器性能试验方法效率和阻力》对窗纱性能进行测试,该窗纱的通风率为70%,PM2.5过滤效率为88%,灰尘捕捉率为98%。
实施例2
一种紫外光催化静电纺丝防雾霾窗纱的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)配置前驱体纺丝液:将具有类分子筛结构的TiO2粉末加至DMF中,用超声波破碎仪处理3h,使具有类分子筛结构的TiO2均匀分散在溶剂中制成1wt%的TiO2分散液,常温搅拌下向TiO2分散液中加入PMMA,搅拌8h至混合溶液均匀澄清;再向溶液中加入PEO搅拌8h,再向溶液中加入ECA,继续搅拌12h得到均一透明、粘度合适的前驱体纺丝溶液,所得前驱体纺丝液中PMMA的含量为20wt%,PEO的含量为0.6wt%,ECA的含量为1.5wt%;
(2)预处理基础层:所述的基础层为目数为200目的不锈钢筛网(金属筛网),用清水对金属筛网进行洗涤,进行除杂除尘处理,再进行脱脂处理,将金属筛网浸入38℃的脱脂液中,20min后完成脱脂处理,再用清水对脱脂处理后的金属筛网进行洗涤,晾干备用;
(3)电纺复合纳米纤维功能膜:将步骤(1)配得的前驱体纺丝液加入静电纺丝设备储液机构中,以步骤(2)中经过预处理的金属筛网作为静电纺丝设备的纺丝收集机构,纺丝距离为25厘米,纺丝电压为40千伏,纺丝温度为30℃,湿度为25%RH,纺丝时间为11min,用静电纺丝设备直接在金属筛网的上表面电纺复合一层纳米纤维功能膜;
(4)热压复合保护层:所述的保护层为目数为50目的尼龙网,所述的尼龙网表面用磁控溅射法复合有银离子膜,采用45℃热压工艺将尼龙网复合于步骤(3)制得的纳米纤维功能膜的上表面上,即得紫外光催化静电纺丝防雾霾窗纱,所得窗纱结构与实施例1相似,区别在于尼龙网(3)表面复合银离子膜,可以利用银离子的杀菌作用增强窗纱在净化空气时的杀菌消毒效果,同时银离子膜使得尼龙网具有金属光泽,也能使本申请的窗纱更加美观。
所得防雾霾窗纱性能测试:经过测试,所得防雾霾窗纱的纳米纤维功能膜的平均厚度为500nm,构成纳米纤维功能膜的纤维平均直径为196nm,纳米纤维功能膜的孔隙率90%,孔隙的平均孔径320nm;依据FZ/T01009-2008《纺织品织物透光性的测定》GB/T6165-2008《高效空气过滤器性能试验方法效率和阻力》对窗纱性能进行测试,该窗纱的通风率为60%,PM2.5过滤效率为90%,灰尘捕捉率为98%。
实施例3
一种紫外光催化静电纺丝防雾霾窗纱的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)配置前驱体纺丝液:将具有类分子筛结构的TiO2粉末加至DMF中,用超声波破碎仪处理3.5h,使具有类分子筛结构的TiO2均匀分散在溶剂中制成1.5wt%的TiO2分散液,常温搅拌下向TiO2分散液中加入PMMA,搅拌8h至混合溶液均匀澄清;再向溶液中加入PEO搅拌8h,再向溶液中加入ECA,继续搅拌12h得到均一透明、粘度合适的前驱体纺丝溶液,所得前驱体纺丝液中PMMA的含量为25wt%,PEO的含量为0.4wt%,ECA的含量为1wt%;
(2)预处理基础层:所述的基础层为目数为90目的不锈钢筛网(金属筛网),用清水对金属筛网进行洗涤,进行除杂除尘处理,再进行脱脂处理,将金属筛网浸入40℃的脱脂液中,25min后完成脱脂处理,再用清水对脱脂处理后的金属筛网进行洗涤,晾干备用;
(3)电纺复合纳米纤维功能膜:将步骤(1)配得的前驱体纺丝液加入静电纺丝设备储液机构中,以步骤(2)中经过预处理的金属筛网作为静电纺丝设备的纺丝收集机构,纺丝距离为35厘米,纺丝电压为60千伏,纺丝温度为28℃,湿度为30%RH,纺丝时间为8min,用静电纺丝设备直接在金属筛网的上表面电纺复合一层纳米纤维功能膜;
(4)热压复合保护层:所述的保护层为目数为70目的尼龙网,采用42℃热压工艺将尼龙网复合于步骤(3)制得的纳米纤维功能膜的上表面上,即得紫外光催化静电纺丝防雾霾窗纱,所得窗纱结构与实施例1相同。
所得防雾霾窗纱性能测试:经过测试,所得防雾霾窗纱的纳米纤维功能膜的平均厚度为890nm,构成纳米纤维功能膜的纤维平均直径为271nm,纳米纤维功能膜的孔隙率91%,孔隙的平均孔径200nm;依据FZ/T01009-2008《纺织品织物透光性的测定》GB/T6165-2008《高效空气过滤器性能试验方法效率和阻力》对窗纱性能进行测试,该窗纱的通风率为65%,PM2.5过滤效率为91%,灰尘捕捉率为98%。
实施例4
一种紫外光催化静电纺丝防雾霾窗纱的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)配置前驱体纺丝液:将具有类分子筛结构的TiO2粉末加至DMF中,用超声波破碎仪处理5h,使具有类分子筛结构的TiO2均匀分散在溶剂中制成2wt%的TiO2分散液,常温搅拌下向TiO2分散液中加入PMMA,搅拌8h至混合溶液均匀澄清;再向溶液中加入PEO搅拌8h,再向溶液中加入ECA,继续搅拌12h得到均一透明、粘度合适的前驱体纺丝溶液,所得前驱体纺丝液中PMMA的含量为30wt%,PEO的含量为0.3wt%,ECA的含量为1wt%;
(2)预处理基础层:所述的基础层为目数为120目的铁筛网(金属筛网),用清水对金属筛网进行洗涤,进行除杂除尘处理,再进行脱脂处理,将金属筛网浸入40℃的脱脂液中,25min后完成脱脂处理,再用清水对脱脂处理后的金属筛网进行洗涤,晾干备用;
(3)电纺复合纳米纤维功能膜:将步骤(1)配得的前驱体纺丝液加入静电纺丝设备储液机构中,以步骤(2)中经过预处理的金属筛网作为静电纺丝设备的纺丝收集机构,纺丝距离为40厘米,纺丝电压为80千伏,纺丝温度为28℃,湿度为25%RH,纺丝时间为6min,用静电纺丝设备直接在金属筛网的上表面电纺复合一层纳米纤维功能膜;
(4)热压复合保护层:所述的保护层为目数为80目的尼龙网,采用50℃热压工艺将尼龙网复合于步骤(3)制得的纳米纤维功能膜的上表面上,即得紫外光催化静电纺丝防雾霾窗纱,所得窗纱结构与实施例1相同。
所得防雾霾窗纱性能测试:经过测试,所得防雾霾窗纱的纳米纤维功能膜的平均厚度为2000nm,构成纳米纤维功能膜的纤维平均直径为300nm,纳米纤维功能膜的孔隙率90%,孔隙的平均孔径600nm;依据FZ/T01009-2008《纺织品织物透光性的测定》GB/T6165-2008《高效空气过滤器性能试验方法效率和阻力》对窗纱性能进行测试,该窗纱的通风率为61%,PM2.5过滤效率为90%,灰尘捕捉率为98%。
以上所列举的实施方式仅供理解本发明之用,并非是对本发明所描述的技术方案的限定,有关领域的普通技术人员,在权利要求所述技术方案的基础上,还可以作出多种变化或变形,所有等同的变化或变形都应涵盖在本发明的权利要求保护范围之内。本发明未详述之处,均为本技术领域技术人员的公知技术。
Claims (8)
1.一种紫外光催化静电纺丝防雾霾窗纱的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)配置前驱体纺丝液:将具有类分子筛结构的TiO2粉末分散于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中制成0.5-2wt%的TiO2分散液,向TiO2分散液中加入分子量为11万的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、分子量为90万的聚氧化乙烯和氰基丙烯酸乙酯混合均匀得澄清溶液即为前驱体纺丝液,所得前驱体纺丝液中聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的含量为15-30wt%,聚氧化乙烯的含量为0.3-0.9wt%,氰基丙烯酸乙酯的含量为0.5-2.0wt%;
(2)预处理基础层:所述的基础层为金属筛网,用清水对金属筛网进行洗涤,进行除杂除尘处理,再进行脱脂处理,将金属筛网浸入38-40℃的脱脂液中,20-25min后完成脱脂处理,再用清水对脱脂处理后的金属筛网进行洗涤,晾干备用;
(3)电纺复合纳米纤维功能膜:将步骤(1)配得的前驱体纺丝液加入静电纺丝设备储液机构中,以步骤(2)中经过预处理的金属筛网作为静电纺丝设备的纺丝收集机构,用静电纺丝设备直接在金属筛网的上表面电纺复合一层纳米纤维功能膜;
(4)热压复合保护层:所述的保护层为尼龙网,采用40-50℃热压工艺将尼龙网复合于步骤(3)制得的纳米纤维功能膜的上表面上,即得紫外光催化静电纺丝防雾霾窗纱。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种紫外光催化静电纺丝防雾霾窗纱的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤(1)所用的具有类分子筛结构的TiO2粉末的制备方法包括以下步骤:
a)模板复合剂溶液:取300mL工业TiOSO4液加热至100℃,搅拌15min得热钛液;取十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、聚环氧乙烷-聚环氧丙烷-聚环氧乙烷三嵌和硅酸钠溶于600mL水中,原料摩尔比为:TiOSO4:十六烷基三甲基溴化铵:聚环氧乙烷-聚环氧丙烷-聚环氧乙烷三嵌:硅酸钠=1:0.2:0.02:0.02;再量取三乙基胺15mL,正戊醇15mL加入其中,搅拌混匀,配置成模板复合剂溶液,并置于70℃的恒温油浴中搅拌15min;
b)取200ml步骤a)制得的复合模板剂溶液置于70℃的恒温油浴的三颈瓶中,再加入40mL步骤a)的热钛液磁力搅拌,滴加1:1氨水调节溶液pH值直至溶液呈土灰色,产生晶种;然后分别将余下的热钛液和复合模板剂溶液倒入保温滴液漏斗中,均以3滴/s的速率滴入三颈瓶中,混合物在70℃下搅拌反应8h后,转入水热釜中于110℃水热晶华24h,取出晶化产物自然冷却后进行减压抽滤,水洗、醇洗后于80℃烘干6h得到前驱体PT。
c)臭氧氧化脱模:取步骤b)所得的前驱体PT放入臭氧发生器中,连同臭氧发生器一起放入干燥器中,密封,臭氧氧化36h后取样,得到样品PTO3;
d)萃取脱模:步骤c)得到的样品PTO3进行萃取脱模,萃取时按每克前驱体每次用5mL浓盐酸和25mL无水乙醇作萃取剂,于80℃恒温油浴中磁力搅拌萃取脱模6h,趁热减压抽滤,水洗,醇洗,放入烘箱中80℃干燥3h,即完成1次萃取脱模,萃取脱模4次,得到样品PTE4;
e)煅烧脱模:取步骤d)萃取脱模后样品PTE4置于马弗炉中,以升温速率为10℃/min升温至125℃煅烧1h,再以升温速率为10℃/min升温至300℃恒温煅烧1h,最后以升温速率为10℃/min升温至450℃恒温煅烧2h,得到白色粉末,即为具有类分子筛结构的TiO2粉末。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种紫外光催化静电纺丝防雾霾窗纱的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤(1)配置前驱体纺丝液:将具有类分子筛结构的TiO2粉末加入DMF中,用超声波破碎仪处理2-5h,使具有类分子筛结构的TiO2均匀分散在溶剂中制成0.5-2wt%的TiO2分散液,常温搅拌下向TiO2分散液中加入PMMA,搅拌8-10h至混合溶液均匀澄清;再向溶液中加入PEO搅拌8h,再向溶液中加入ECA,继续搅拌12h得到均一透明、粘度合适的前驱体纺丝溶液,所得前驱体纺丝液中聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的含量为15-30wt%,聚氧化乙烯的含量为0.3-0.9wt%,氰基丙烯酸乙酯的含量为0.5-2.0wt%。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种紫外光催化静电纺丝防雾霾窗纱的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤(3)电纺复合纳米纤维功能膜的纺丝距离为10-50厘米,纺丝电压为30-75千伏,纺丝温度为25-30℃,湿度为20-40%RH,纺丝时间为3-15min。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种紫外光催化静电纺丝防雾霾窗纱的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤(4)所用的尼龙网表面用磁控溅射法复合有银离子膜。
6.由权利要求1至5中任一项制备方法制得的一种紫外光催化静电纺丝防雾霾窗纱,其特征在于,所述的窗纱具有三层复合结构,基础层为金属筛网,中间层为由静电纺丝法直接电纺于金属筛网上表面的纳米纤维功能膜,所述的纳米纤维功能膜为TiO2/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/聚氧化乙烯/氰基丙烯酸乙酯复合纳米纤维膜,所述的纳米纤维功能膜所含的TiO2为具有类分子筛结构的TiO2粉末,纳米纤维功能膜的上表面通过热压法复合保护层,所述的保护层为尼龙网。
7.如权利要求6所述的一种紫外光催化静电纺丝防雾霾窗纱,其特征在于,所述的金属筛网的目数为40-200目,所述的尼龙网目数为20-100目。
8.如权利要求6所述的一种紫外光催化静电纺丝防雾霾窗纱,其特征在于,所述的纳米纤维功能膜的平均厚度为500-2000nm,构成纳米纤维功能膜的纤维平均直径为100-300nm,纳米纤维功能膜的孔隙率大于等于90%,孔隙的平均孔径200-600nm。
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