CN108271815B - 一种万寿菊提取物防治菊花蚜虫的方法 - Google Patents
一种万寿菊提取物防治菊花蚜虫的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 235000005881 Calendula officinalis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 240000000785 Tagetes erecta Species 0.000 title claims description 6
- 241001124076 Aphididae Species 0.000 title abstract description 20
- 235000007516 Chrysanthemum Nutrition 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 244000189548 Chrysanthemum x morifolium Species 0.000 title description 24
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 241000109852 Macrosiphoniella sanborni Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
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- 241000736851 Tagetes Species 0.000 abstract description 21
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- 241000723353 Chrysanthemum Species 0.000 abstract 4
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000009604 Chrysanthemum X morifolium Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000012311 Tagetes erecta Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
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- KXSFECAJUBPPFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2':5',2''-terthiophene Chemical compound C1=CSC(C=2SC(=CC=2)C=2SC=CC=2)=C1 KXSFECAJUBPPFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种利用万寿菊提取物防治菊花蚜虫的方法,包括:将干燥的万寿菊地上部(包括茎、叶片、花朵)烘干材料,用3倍体积的水煮20min提取3次,合并提取液,取一定量的粗提物配制成浓度为50g/L的溶液喷菊花植株。喷万寿菊提取物的时间为菊花植株约30cm时开始,每隔10d喷一次。本发明使得菊花植株蚜虫危害防治效果达到98%以上。本发明得出了利用万寿菊地上部提取物防治菊花蚜虫的有效方法,获得菊花无农药残留,无蚜虫危害的菊花植株。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及万寿菊(Tagetes erecta L)提取物防治菊花(Chrysanthemummorifolium Rmat.)蚜虫的方法,属于细胞生物学和生物领域。
背景技术
菊花(Chrysanthemum morifolium Rmat.)原产我国,是我国传统十大名花和世界四大切花之一。菊花色彩艳丽、花型丰富,深受人们喜爱。目前我国菊花品种超过3000多个,栽培面积达到8900公顷。菊花主要用于园林绿化、地被、室内装饰、茶用、药用等。随着菊花栽培面积的不断扩大和集约化生产程度的不断提高,虫害危害日趋严重,严重影响菊花产量和品质。蚜虫是危害菊花的主要害虫之一,从幼苗至成苗期时有发生,多危害芽心嫩尖,抑制菊花植株正常生长发育,并可通过刺吸汁液传播病害进而造成受害植株矮小,叶片发黄,卷缩,产量和品质下降。化学农药防治一直是被应用较广泛的一种防治蚜虫的方法,虽然其具有很好的杀虫效果,但由于化学农药毒性高,既影响人类健康,又会带来一系列副作用,如破坏生态平衡、造成次要病害猖撅、药剂残留造成水土污染、引起人畜中毒、抗性丧失等,所以寻求高效、无公害、可持续的方法逐渐成为蚜虫综合防治的热点。因此,研究和开发能够有效防治菊花蚜虫的生物农药,对于安全环保、高效可持续发展菊花产业具有重要意义。
万寿菊(Tagetes erecta L)是原产墨西哥的菊科万寿菊属一年生草本植物。茎直立,粗壮,具纵细条棱,分枝向上平展。万寿菊因其气味独特,花姿优美,故亦称臭芙蓉。已有研究表明,万寿菊的化学成分表明,万寿菊中的α-三联噻吩对烟草的根结线虫具有良好的防治效果,对西瓜的枯萎病病原菌具有很好的杀菌作用。已有研究表明,万寿菊提取物无毒级,对小鼠饲喂结果也表明没有致突变现象。但国内用于生物农药的开发应用还只在研究阶段,没有真正用于菊花的蚜虫防治上,而且现实生活中,万寿菊观花结束后,基本上地上部分都会被拔出焚烧,不仅污染环境,也造成了资源的极大浪费,因此,充分利用万寿菊植株,既能作为生物农药应用于菊花蚜虫的生物防治,又能减少环境污染,这对于绿色安全和生态环保的农业可持续发展意义重大。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,获得一种利用万寿菊提取物防治菊花蚜虫的方法,以解决上述问题。
本发明所解决的问题可以采用以下方案来解决:
一种利用万寿菊地上部提取物防治菊花蚜虫的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
取万寿菊地上部(包括茎、叶片、花朵),用3倍体积的水煮20min提取3次,合并提取液,取一定量的粗提物配制成浓度为50g/L的溶液喷菊花幼苗。每隔10天喷施一次。
菊花植株成花期采集整株,调查包括花朵在内的整株蚜虫生存率。
有益效果:由于采用上述方法,本发明使得菊花整株蚜虫危害防治效果达到98%以上。本发明得出了利用万寿菊地上部提取物防治菊花蚜虫的有效方法,获得菊花无农药残留,无蚜虫危害的菊花植株。
附图说明
图1为菊花生长期植株。
图2为菊花成花期植株蚜虫危害(对照)。
图3为菊花成花期植株未出现蚜虫危害(万寿菊提取物处理)。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,下面进一步阐述本发明。
取万寿菊地上部(包括茎、叶片、花朵),用3倍体积的水煮20min提取3次,合并提取液,取一定量的粗提物配制成浓度为50g/L的溶液喷菊花幼苗。每隔10天喷施一次,直到豆粒大小的小花蕾期为止。万寿菊提取液现用现配。
菊花植株从株高30cm的幼苗开始喷施直到成花期,调查包括花朵在内的整株蚜虫生存状况,未观察到菊花整株蚜虫危害。从而获得了菊花无农药残留,无蚜虫危害的菊花植株。
本发明获得了利用万寿菊地上部提取物防治菊花蚜虫危害的有效方法。
Claims (1)
1.一种万寿菊提取物防治菊花蚜虫的方法,包括:将干燥的万寿菊地上部分烘干材料,用3倍体积的水煮20min提取3次,合并提取液,配制成浓度为50g/L的溶液喷施菊花植株,在菊花株高30cm时开始喷施,每隔10d喷施一次;
所述地上部分包括茎、叶片、花朵。
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CN110447441A (zh) * | 2019-03-06 | 2019-11-15 | 山东农业大学 | 一种利用孔雀草提取液防治菊花黑斑病的方法 |
CN109819982B (zh) * | 2019-03-18 | 2021-10-12 | 宁夏农林科学院植物保护研究所(宁夏植物病虫害防治重点实验室) | 含万寿菊挥发物的蚜虫防控组合物及其应用 |
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WO2003015522A1 (en) * | 2001-08-16 | 2003-02-27 | Hoi-Seon Lee | Plant oil and chemical compound having acaricidal activity |
GB2402336A (en) * | 2003-06-04 | 2004-12-08 | Anglia Polytechnic University | Use of Tagetes extract to protect plants |
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