CN108266240A - A kind of system and method for improving the supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle thermal efficiency - Google Patents
A kind of system and method for improving the supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle thermal efficiency Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108266240A CN108266240A CN201611253881.3A CN201611253881A CN108266240A CN 108266240 A CN108266240 A CN 108266240A CN 201611253881 A CN201611253881 A CN 201611253881A CN 108266240 A CN108266240 A CN 108266240A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- carbon dioxide
- water
- regenerator
- heating unit
- supercritical carbon
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
- F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K21/00—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for
- F01K21/04—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for using mixtures of steam and gas; Plants generating or heating steam by bringing water or steam into direct contact with hot gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of systems for improving the supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle thermal efficiency.There is provided a kind of methods for improving the supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle thermal efficiency for another technical solution of the present invention, which is characterized in that uses above-mentioned system.Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The present invention injects bypass circuit by increase and injects water into supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle, water, which enters after doing work in turbine in regenerator, discharges latent heat of phase change, then it is recycled and injected by water pump, water not outwardly environment heat release, water is done work in turbine much larger than the work(of water pump consumption, realizes more considerable net work；The present invention's will not give supercritical carbon dioxide power circulation system to increase excessive complexity, and required increased equipment cost is low, system it is easy to implement, while suitable for indirect heating manner and the cycle of direct combustion heating mode.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of system for improving the supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle thermal efficiency and sides based on the system
Method.
Background technology
The critical point of carbon dioxide is 31 DEG C/7.4MPa, and the state in temperature and pressure postcritical is overcritical
State.Last century the forties are started from for the research of power cycle using supercritical carbon dioxide as working medium, in the 60 to 70's
Obtain interim achievement in research, later mainly due to turbomachinery, compact heat exchanger manufacturing technology is immature and stops, directly
To the beginning of this century, the research of this technology is just risen once again.Due to carbon dioxide chemistry property is stable, density is high, it is non-toxic,
Low cost, the circulatory system is simple, compact-sized, efficiency is higher, and supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle is considered in fossil energy
The fields such as power generation, nuclear energy power generation, light-focusing type solar power generation, cogeneration, geothermal power generation have a good application prospect.Letter
Single supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle generating system with backheat mainly by compressor, turbine, generator, heat exchanger,
The compositions such as regenerator, forecooler.Low-temp low-pressure working medium initially enters compressor compresses to high pressure, absorbs turbine discharge through regenerator
The heat of working medium, then absorb heat from heat source through heat exchanger and reach maximum temperature, subsequently into turbine acting pushing generator
Work, the working medium of turbine discharge discharge partial heat through regenerator, enter next cyclic process after last preheated device cooling.
This simple cycle structure is improved and optimized, the thermal efficiency of cycle can be improved, the method being widely adopted at present is point
Stream recompression.Shunting recompression recycle ratio simple cycle increases by a compressor, and regenerator is divided into high temperature regenerator and low
Warm regenerator.The difference lies in the working medium for recompressing cycle is split into two-way before forecooler is entered, all the way with simple cycle
Working medium enters forecooler (mainstream), then through main compressor and cryogenic regenerator, then with entering the another way working medium of partial compression machine
Converge into high temperature regenerator.Shunting recompression can significantly improve the thermal efficiency of simple cycle, but there is also unfavorable factor,
Maximum problem is that the regenerator in system increases.Since supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle is using high-efficiency compact
Type regenerator, involves great expense, and about 1/3 ratio is accounted in equipment cost.Therefore, it is necessary to explore the raising of other forms cycle effect
The method of rate, conventional method include turbine exhaust reheating, compressor cooling during rolling, shunting etc., there is certain effect, but
The problem of bringing increase number of devices and cost.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention：While improving the thermal efficiency of power cycle entirety, do not increase system too much
The complexity or cost of system.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, it is moved the technical scheme is that providing a kind of raising supercritical carbon dioxide
The system of power thermal efficiency of cycle, which is characterized in that including
Compressor, for carbon dioxide working medium to be pressurized to high pressure；
With high pressure side-entrance, high pressure side outlet, low pressure side-entrance, low side outlets regenerator, compressor generate
High-pressure carbon dioxide working medium is exported from high pressure side outlet to heating unit after entering via high pressure side-entrance, meanwhile, high pressure dioxy
Change the mixed working fluid heating that carbon working medium is entered in regenerator via low pressure side-entrance；
Heating unit, while the device of working medium of high-pressure carbon dioxide working medium and by-pass water cycle output is inputted, and be heated to setting
After constant temperature degree, export to turbine；
Turbine is connected with generator, and the mixed working fluid for generation of doing work inputs regenerator via low pressure side-entrance；
Separator by from the water and carbon dioxide separation in the mixed working fluid that the low side outlets of regenerator export, divides
Carbon dioxide from after is re-fed into compressor after cooling down via forecooler, the water after separation returns to by-pass water cycle；
By-pass water recycles, and heating unit is refilled for separating water into the water that device is isolated.
Preferably, the heating unit is heat exchanger, then the output parameter of heat exchanger is 600 DEG C/more than 30MPa；
Or the heating unit is burner, then the output parameter of burner is 1100 DEG C/more than 30MPa.
Preferably, by-pass water cycle includes water circulating pump, the water circulating pump difference pipeline connection heating unit and
The separator.
Preferably, if the heating unit is burner, the water circulating pump is equipped with to discharge excessive carbon dioxide
Bypass outlet one.
Preferably, if the heating unit is burner, the separator is equipped with the bypass for discharging superfluous water
Outlet two.
There is provided a kind of raising supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle thermals efficiency for another technical solution of the present invention
Method, which is characterized in that use above-mentioned system, include the following steps：
It is recycled by by-pass water to heating unit and injects water, meanwhile, heating unit is also inputted to be gone out from the high-pressure side of regenerator
The high-pressure carbon dioxide working medium of mouth output, water and high-pressure carbon dioxide working medium are sent after set temperature is heated in heating unit
Enter turbine, the mixed working fluid generated after turbine acting enters regenerator by low pressure side-entrance, by separator by turbine low pressure
Water in the mixed working fluid of side outlet output is separated with carbon dioxide, and the carbon dioxide after separation is sent after forecooler cools down
Enter compressor, carbon dioxide working medium is pressurized to after high pressure by compressor and is sent into regenerator from high pressure side-entrance, carbon dioxide
Working medium is sent from high pressure side outlet to heating unit in regenerator from after the heating of mixed working fluid that low pressure side-entrance is sent into, together
When, the water that separator is separated is sent back to heating unit via by-pass water cycle.
Preferably, the mass flow of water is no more than the 1/10 of carbon dioxide mass flow in the bypass circuit.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1st, the present invention injects bypass circuit by increase and injects water into supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle, and water is in turbine
Enter in regenerator after middle acting and discharge latent heat of phase change, then recycled and injected by water pump, outwardly environment heat release, water do not exist water
Acting realizes more considerable net work much larger than the work(of water pump consumption in turbine.
2nd, the complexity that the increase of supercritical carbon dioxide power circulation system will not be given excessive of the invention, it is required increased
Equipment cost is low, system it is easy to implement, while suitable for the cycle of indirect heating manner and direct combustion heating mode.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of schematic diagram of system for improving the supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle thermal efficiency provided by the invention,
In figure：
1- compressors, 2- regenerators, 3- heat exchangers, 4- turbines, 5- forecoolers, 6- water circulating pumps, 7- separators, 8- hairs
Motor.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of system for improving the supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle thermal efficiency provided by the invention includes
Compressor 1, regenerator 2, heat exchanger 3, turbine 4, forecooler 5, water circulating pump 6, separator 7, generator 8.Each equipment it
Between connected by pipeline, needs are controlled according to system, can arrange valve, instrument on pipeline.Compressor 1, regenerator 2, heat exchanger
3rd, turbine 4, forecooler 5 form the supercritical carbon dioxide circulation loop simply with backheat.Water circulating pump 6, heat exchanger 3, thoroughly
Flat 4, regenerator 2, separator 7 form water filling bypass circuit circuit.The other parts of composition system also have auxiliary equipment, electrical
System, I＆C system etc..
It is cold by heat exchanger 3 the present invention also provides a kind of method for improving the supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle thermal efficiency
Water filling is held, by 2 low side outlets draining of regenerator, high pressured water circuling pump 6 is equipped between discharge outlet and water filling port, passes through plugman
Make to realize operation of the device of working medium in supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle.Specifically, the method for the present invention includes following steps
Suddenly：
Carbon dioxide working medium is pressurized to high pressure through compressor 1, such as：30MPa, while temperature slightly rises.Then via
High pressure side-entrance enters regenerator 2, and high-pressure carbon dioxide working medium absorbs the low pressure mixed working fluid of the discharge of turbine 4 in regenerator 2
Temperature is further up after heat, then enters heat exchanger 3 (or burner) via high pressure side outlet.Meanwhile water filling bypass circuit
In water by water circulating pump 6 inject heat exchanger 3 (or burner), and heat reach target temperature, such as：For heat exchanger 3
For, target temperature is 600 DEG C, and for burner, target temperature is 1100 DEG C.Heat exchanger 3 is defeated by the working medium after heating
Go out to turbine 4, the mixed working fluid of carbon dioxide and water is discharged after the acting of turbine 4, then enters backheat via low pressure side-entrance
Heat is transmitted on high-tension side working medium by device 2, while water is condensed into liquid in regenerator 2.Go out from the low side outlets of regenerator 2
The liquid water come is discharged via separator 7, and the outlet of separator 7 is connect with 6 entrance of water circulating pump, for direct combustion system
Cycle in water extra in combustion product can be discharged by the bypass that separator 7 exports.The carbon dioxide come out from regenerator 2
1 entrance of compressor is entered after cooling, it can for carbon dioxide extra in combustion product in the cycle of direct combustion system
It is discharged by the bypass that water circulating pump 6 exports, and as industrial gasses product, so far cycle completion.
The mass flow for injecting water in bypass circuit is no more than carbon dioxide quality in supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle
The 1/10 of flow specifically according to thermodynamic computing, must make the heat release of water in regenerator make full use of and reach (including sensible heat and latent heat)
To the absorbent limit of high-pressure side carbon dioxide working medium institute.
4 suction parameter of turbine of supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle to the greatest extent may be used in material and its acceptable range of cost
Energy ground is high, to reach higher efficiency, for being 600 DEG C/more than 30MPa, for changing by way of heat exchanger indirectly heat
Hot device is the mode of direct combustion heating, i.e. burner, is 1100 DEG C/more than 30MPa.
The pressure ratio of compressor 1 is optimized according to the cooling condition of forecooler.
By taking the closed cycle of indirectly heat as an example.Set 600 DEG C of turbine inlet temperature, turbine inlet pressure 30MPa, compression
32 DEG C of machine inlet temperature, compressor inlet pressure 8MPa, efficiency of turbine take 0.9, compressor efficiency to take the minimum temperature of 0.89, regenerator
Difference takes 10 DEG C, ignores other energy losses.Under the operating mode for being not injected into water, the thermal efficiency after system balancing is 42.7%.
It injects under the operating mode of the quality 4% (carbon dioxide quality 96%) of water, the thermal efficiency after system balancing is 44.1%.Injection makes
The thermal efficiency of system improves 1.4%.
Method using the present invention can improve the thermal efficiency of supercritical carbon dioxide power circulation system, but can't show
It writes and improves system complexity and cost, application and implementation are also extremely convenient.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of system for improving the supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle thermal efficiency, which is characterized in that including
Compressor (1), for carbon dioxide working medium to be pressurized to high pressure；
With high pressure side-entrance, high pressure side outlet, low pressure side-entrance, low side outlets regenerator (2), compressor (1) generate
High-pressure carbon dioxide working medium enter via high pressure side-entrance after export to heating unit from high pressure side outlet, meanwhile, high pressure two
The mixed working fluid heating that carbonoxide working medium is entered in regenerator (2) via low pressure side-entrance；
Heating unit, while the device of working medium of high-pressure carbon dioxide working medium and by-pass water cycle output is inputted, and be heated to setting temperature
After degree, export and give turbine (4)；
Turbine (4) is connected with generator (8), and the mixed working fluid for generation of doing work is via low pressure side-entrance input regenerator (2)；
Separator (7), will from the low side outlets of regenerator (2) export mixed working fluid in water and carbon dioxide separation,
Carbon dioxide after separation is re-fed into compressor (1) after cooling down via forecooler (5), and the water after separation returns to by-pass water and follows
Ring；
By-pass water recycles, and heating unit is refilled for separating water into the water that device (7) is isolated.
2. a kind of system for improving the supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle thermal efficiency as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
The heating unit is heat exchanger (3), then the output parameter of heat exchanger (3) is 600 DEG C/more than 30MPa；
Or the heating unit is burner, then the output parameter of burner is 1100 DEG C/more than 30MPa.
3. a kind of system for improving the supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle thermal efficiency as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that
The by-pass water cycle includes water circulating pump (6), and pipeline connects the heating unit and water separation to water circulating pump (6) respectively
Device (7).
4. a kind of system for improving the supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle thermal efficiency as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that
If the heating unit is burner, the water circulating pump (6) is equipped with the bypass outlet one for discharging excessive carbon dioxide.
5. a kind of system for improving the supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle thermal efficiency as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that
If the heating unit is burner, the separator (7) is equipped with the bypass outlet two for discharging superfluous water.
A kind of 6. method for improving the supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle thermal efficiency, which is characterized in that using such as claim 1 institute
The system stated, includes the following steps：
It is recycled by by-pass water to heating unit and injects water, meanwhile, heating unit also inputs the high pressure side outlet from regenerator (2)
The high-pressure carbon dioxide working medium of output, water and high-pressure carbon dioxide working medium are sent into after set temperature is heated in heating unit
Turbine (4), the mixed working fluid generated after turbine (4) acting enter regenerator (2) by low pressure side-entrance, pass through separator (7)
Water in the mixed working fluid of turbine (4) low side outlets output and carbon dioxide are separated, the carbon dioxide after separation passes through
Be sent into compressor (1) after forecooler (5) cooling, by compressor (1) by carbon dioxide working medium be pressurized to after high pressure from high-pressure side into
In mouth feeding regenerator (2), after the mixed working fluid heating that carbon dioxide working medium is sent into regenerator (2) from low pressure side-entrance
It is sent from high pressure side outlet to heating unit, meanwhile, the water that separator (7) is separated is sent back to heating via by-pass water cycle
Unit.
7. a kind of method for improving the supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle thermal efficiency as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that
The mass flow of water is no more than the 1/10 of carbon dioxide mass flow in the bypass circuit.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201611253881.3A CN108266240A (en) | 2016-12-30 | 2016-12-30 | A kind of system and method for improving the supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle thermal efficiency |
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| CN201611253881.3A CN108266240A (en) | 2016-12-30 | 2016-12-30 | A kind of system and method for improving the supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle thermal efficiency |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109404076A (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2019-03-01 | 清华大学 | A kind of combined generating system and method |
| CN110469404A (en) * | 2019-08-06 | 2019-11-19 | 碧流天能(北京)科技股份有限公司 | Supercritical carbon dioxide working medium miniature gas turbine system and its working medium circulation method |
| CN111102026A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-05-05 | 上海发电设备成套设计研究院有限责任公司 | Cascade type supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle system and method |
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| JP2001133058A (en) * | 1999-11-05 | 2001-05-18 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Refrigeration cycle |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109404076A (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2019-03-01 | 清华大学 | A kind of combined generating system and method |
| CN109404076B (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2019-10-18 | 清华大学 | A kind of combined generating system and method |
| CN110469404A (en) * | 2019-08-06 | 2019-11-19 | 碧流天能(北京)科技股份有限公司 | Supercritical carbon dioxide working medium miniature gas turbine system and its working medium circulation method |
| CN111102026A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-05-05 | 上海发电设备成套设计研究院有限责任公司 | Cascade type supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle system and method |
| CN111102026B (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2023-11-24 | 上海发电设备成套设计研究院有限责任公司 | Cascade supercritical carbon dioxide power circulation system and method |
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