CN108261918B - Desulfurization, denitrification and dedusting integrated equipment and process - Google Patents
Desulfurization, denitrification and dedusting integrated equipment and process Download PDFInfo
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- CN108261918B CN108261918B CN201810123823.1A CN201810123823A CN108261918B CN 108261918 B CN108261918 B CN 108261918B CN 201810123823 A CN201810123823 A CN 201810123823A CN 108261918 B CN108261918 B CN 108261918B
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- desulfurization
- flue gas
- denitrification
- dust
- solid particles
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- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012717 electrostatic precipitator Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- BIGPRXCJEDHCLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium bisulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].OS([O-])(=O)=O BIGPRXCJEDHCLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical class [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical class [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/02—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, having hollow filters made of flexible material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/32—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
- B01D53/323—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00 by electrostatic effects or by high-voltage electric fields
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
- B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
- B01D53/508—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with solids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/75—Multi-step processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/20—Reductants
- B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
- B01D2251/2062—Ammonia
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
Abstract
The invention discloses a desulfurization, denitrification and dedusting integrated device and a desulfurization, denitrification and dedusting process, wherein the device firstly utilizes an electric field region to charge solid particles in flue gas, so that dust particles in the flue gas are removed to the greatest extent, further the subsequent flue gas desulfurization efficiency is improved, and dust removal and dry desulfurization are carried out before denitrification, so that the denitrification working condition is improved to be dust-free denitrification, the scouring of solid dust to a catalyst and the blocking and poisoning of the catalyst caused by harmful components in the dust can be avoided, the service life of the denitrification catalyst is greatly prolonged, the volume of a subsequent denitrification catalytic region is further reduced, and the volume of the device is further reduced; the dust after desulfurization can be filtered by combining the filter bag of the dust removing bag area; thus, the electric field area, the desulfurization area, the dust removal bag area and the denitration catalyst area can be integrated in the same host shell and applied to a smaller space environment; and the purified flue gas is discharged as dry flue gas, so that secondary pollution can not be generated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dust removal, in particular to desulfurization, denitrification and dust removal integrated equipment and process.
Background
Along with the deep environmental protection work of the national atmosphere treatment, the flue gas purification cost is also concerned by each production unit, the process cost of respectively arranging the reactors for desulfurization, denitrification and dedusting is high in the past, and a huge economic burden is caused for the production units, so that environmental protection equipment which can meet the national environmental protection emission standard requirement and has good economical efficiency is urgently needed in the market.
At present, desulfurization, denitrification and dedusting integration becomes a research hot spot, and the desulfurization, denitrification and dedusting system of the industrial boiler at present mainly comprises the following types: the first type is to connect a plurality of independent conventional devices such as dust removing devices, spray cooling dust removing devices, denitration reaction devices, desulfurization reaction devices, and (one-stage or multi-stage) filters in series. The system connects the devices with different functions in series, the purifying principle is not changed, the purifying condition is not optimized, and the construction cost and the running cost of the devices are not obviously reduced.
The second type is to combine wet desulfurization technology, normal temperature oxidation reduction denitration technology and wet electrostatic dust collection technology to form an integrated system for desulfurization, denitration and ultra-clean dust collection of waste gas. The system adopts wet desulfurization and wet electrostatic dust removal technology, and has the defects of huge equipment volume, complex structure, large investment, large water consumption during operation, easy formation of wet smoke and rain and the like.
The third category is that a bag-type dust remover is connected with the lower end of a return chute which is arranged at the upper part of the desulfurizing tower, and the desulfurizing and dust removing effects can be achieved. The system has two effects of desulfurization and dust removal, adopts a method of returning and circulating part of materials to prolong the desulfurization reaction time so as to meet the desulfurization efficiency, has high actual energy consumption and complex process control, and can not comprehensively improve the utilization rate of the desulfurizing agent.
From the above description, it can be seen that the above three types of devices have drawbacks, and it is particularly difficult to meet the environmental requirements of small installation space and limited use cost, so that the application range of the desulfurization, denitrification and dedusting system is greatly limited.
How to provide a device which reduces the occupied area and the use cost on the premise of meeting the functions of desulfurization, denitrification and dust removal is a technical problem to be solved by the technicians in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides desulfurization, denitrification and dedusting integrated equipment, which comprises a main machine shell provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet, wherein an electric field area, a desulfurization area, a dedusting bag area and a denitration catalyst area are sequentially arranged in the main machine shell along the flow direction of the flue gas;
the electric field area is provided with a first charging component for charging solid particles in the flue gas;
the desulfurization zone is provided with a first blowing component and a second blowing component, and the first blowing component is used for blowing desulfurization solid particles; the second spraying and blowing component is used for spraying the gaseous denitration agent;
the dust removing bag area is provided with a filter bag;
the denitration catalyst area is provided with a positioning part for storing a denitration catalyst.
Compared with the prior art, the equipment required by desulfurization, denitrification and dedusting is optimally arranged, solid particles in the flue gas are charged by utilizing the electric field region, so that dust particles in the flue gas can be removed to the greatest extent, further the subsequent flue gas desulfurization efficiency is improved, and sulfur elements and sulfur compounds in the flue gas are removed by utilizing the mode of blowing desulfurization solid particles, namely, dry desulfurization is adopted, so that the occupied space of a desulfurization region is greatly reduced. Moreover, the equipment has been carried out desulfurization and dust removal before carrying out the denitration to the flue gas, carry out desulfurization before the denitration like this can reduce the scale deposit and the jam of ammonium bisulfate in the catalyst, carry out the dust removal before the denitration for denitration operating mode improves to dustless denitration, can avoid solid dust to the washing of catalyst, and the catalyst that harmful components caused in the dust blocks up and poisoning, above two points lengthen denitration catalyst life greatly, improve denitration efficiency, further reduce follow-up denitration catalytic zone volume, and then further reduce equipment volume.
And the filter bag in the dust removal bag area can filter the desulfurized dust, namely particles in the desulfurization reaction can be attached to the surface of the filter bag, and the gaseous denitration agent can pass through the filter bag to enter the denitration catalyst area for denitration reaction.
Due to the optimization, the electric field area, the desulfurization area, the dust removal bag area and the denitration catalyst area can be integrated in the same main machine shell, so that the electric field area, the desulfurization area, the dust removal bag area and the denitration catalyst area can be applied to a smaller space environment, and the use flexibility is improved.
And the purified flue gas is discharged as dry flue gas, so that the phenomenon of wet smoke and rain can not be generated, risks such as equipment corrosion and the like can not be caused, and secondary pollution can not be generated.
Optionally, the desulfurization device further comprises a second charging component for charging the desulfurization solid particles; and the charged desulfurization solid particles are blown to the desulfurization zone, wherein the charge of the second charging component to the desulfurization solid particles is the same as the charge of the first charging component to the flue gas dust particles.
Optionally, the second charging component is disposed outside the main casing, and a desulfurization solid particle outlet of the second charging component is communicated with the desulfurization zone through a pipeline.
Optionally, the first charging component is a high-voltage pulse electrostatic precipitator, and the gaseous denitration agent is NH 3 。
Optionally, the filter bag of the dust removing bag area is a metal filter bag.
Optionally, the host casing includes horizontal segment and the vertical section of intercommunication in proper order, first charge part first jetting part with the second jetting part equipartition is arranged in the horizontal segment, the dust removal bag district with denitration catalyst district arrange in vertical section, and the filter bag vertical arrangement in dust removal bag district and opening are upwards.
Optionally, the dust removal bag region and the denitration catalyst region are spaced with a predetermined height to form an air chamber.
Optionally, the dust removal bag further comprises a back blowing system which is arranged above the filter bag mouth of the dust removal bag region.
Optionally, an ash bucket is arranged at the lower end part of the dust removing bag area and used for receiving the dust falling from the filter bag; and a heat exchange component is arranged in the ash bucket and used for carrying out heat exchange on dust falling into the ash bucket and an external medium.
In addition, the invention also provides a desulfurization, denitrification and dedusting process, which specifically comprises the following steps:
carrying out charge on solid particles in the flue gas with the temperature reduced to 300-400 ℃;
spraying desulfurization solid particles to remove sulfur in the charged flue gas;
spraying a gaseous denitration agent into the flue gas;
filtering the flue gas sprayed with the gaseous denitration agent through a filter bag to remove dust;
and (3) passing the flue gas filtered by the filter bag through a denitration catalyst, and enabling the gaseous denitration agent in the flue gas to act with partial components in the flue gas under the catalysis of the denitration catalyst so as to remove the nitrate elements in the flue gas.
Optionally, the desulphurized solid particles are further subjected to the following steps before being sprayed into the flue gas: and charging the desulfurization solid particles, wherein the electric property of the charged desulfurization solid particles is the same as that of the solid particles in the charged flue gas.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an integrated desulfurization, denitrification and dedusting device in an embodiment of the invention.
Wherein the one-to-one correspondence between component names and reference numerals in fig. 1 is as follows:
1 a first charging member; 2 a first blowing component; 3 a second charging member; 4 a second blowing component; 5, filtering bags; 6, a back blowing system; 7, an air chamber; 8, a denitration catalyst; 9, an outlet flue; 10 ash hoppers; 11 a main machine shell; a 111 horizontal segment; 112 vertical segments.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an integrated desulfurization, denitrification and dedusting device according to an embodiment of the invention.
The invention provides desulfurization, denitrification and dedusting integrated equipment which can remove sulfur, nitrate and dust in flue gas at the same time as the name implies. The device comprises a main machine shell 11, wherein the main machine shell 11 comprises a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet, and when the device is used, the smoke inlet is connected with an exhaust port of upstream equipment, and the smoke outlet of the main machine shell 11 is connected with an air inlet or an outlet flue 9 of downstream equipment. For the denitration technology, the optimal working temperature of the denitration catalyst 8 is 300 ℃ to 400 ℃ at present, and the temperature of the flue gas from the boiler is far higher than the temperature, so that heat exchange equipment can be arranged at the downstream of the flue gas outlet of the boiler, the high-temperature flue gas in the boiler is cooled to be middle-temperature flue gas of 300 ℃ to 400 ℃ after passing through the heat exchange equipment, and the middle-temperature flue gas flowing out of the heat exchange equipment is connected with the flue gas inlet of the main machine shell 11.
The main machine housing 11 in the present invention is provided with an electric field region, a desulfurization region, a dust-removing bag region and a denitration catalyst region in this order along the flow direction of the flue gas.
The electric field area is provided with a first charging component 1 for charging solid particles in the flue gas; the first charging component can be a high-voltage pulse electrostatic precipitator, the desulfurization zone is provided with a first spraying and blowing component 2 and a second spraying and blowing component 4, wherein the second spraying and blowing component 4 is used for spraying and blowing a gaseous denitration agent, and the gaseous denitration agent can be NH 3 (gaseous state). The first blowing member 2 and the second blowing member 4 may be disposed in this order in the flow direction of the flue gas. Wherein the high-voltage pulse electrostatic precipitator can remove dust with high efficiency and pulse ionization to generate a large amount of high-energy electrons and O, OH and other active free radicals SO as to further remove SO in the flue gas 2 、NO X The isogas molecules undergo oxidation, degradation and other reactions to convert pollutants, and then react with the injected NH 3 The particles generating the synergistic reaction effect to generate ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and double salts thereof can primarily remove SO in the flue gas 2 And NO X And the like. In particular, the first charging member may be a pole-type anode plate with a corresponding cathode wire, and the cathode wire may be a large triangle barbed wire. Therefore, the electric field area can be charged to a larger extent, and the large triangular barbed wire can have stronger discharge performance in the working state, so that dust particles in the flue gas can be removed to the greatest extent; in addition, the electric field area adopts the pole matching mode, so that two corresponding anode plates can be effectively eliminatedThe corona sealing phenomenon caused by the conventional polar matching of the cathode line in the high-concentration flue gas working environment reduces the dust packing, can remove more than 80% of dust in the flue gas, greatly reduces the dust removing load of each subsequent process, and particularly can obviously improve the service life of a later stage dust removing bag region.
It should be noted that, the cathode line in this scheme is not limited to above-mentioned big triangle prickle line, and on the selection of cathode line, the cathode line that satisfies discharge performance strong, be difficult for the ash coating and be difficult for corona closure requirement can all.
The first blowing component 2 in the invention is used for blowing desulfurization solid particles; the desulfurization solid particles can be alkaline particles, such as metal salts of sodium oxide, calcium oxide, and the like. The specific structure of the first blowing member is not specifically described herein, as long as normal blowing of the desulfurized solid particles can be achieved.
The dust removing bag area is provided with a filter bag 5; the specific structure and materials of the filter bag 5 will not be described here too much.
The denitration catalyst area in the invention is provided with a positioning part for storing the denitration catalyst 8. The positioning means mainly serve to provide support and placement of the denitration catalyst 8, and the structure of the positioning means is not described at all as not to hinder the understanding and implementation of the technical solutions herein by a person skilled in the art.
Compared with the prior art, the equipment required by desulfurization, denitrification and dedusting is optimally arranged, solid particles in the flue gas are charged by utilizing the electric field region, so that dust particles in the flue gas can be removed to the greatest extent, further the subsequent flue gas desulfurization efficiency is improved, and sulfur elements and sulfur compounds in the flue gas are removed by utilizing the mode of blowing desulfurization solid particles, namely, dry desulfurization is adopted, so that the occupied space of a desulfurization region is greatly reduced. Moreover, the equipment has been carried out desulfurization and dust removal before carrying out the denitration to the flue gas, carry out desulfurization before the denitration like this can reduce the scale deposit and the jam of ammonium bisulfate in the catalyst, carry out the dust removal before the denitration for denitration operating mode improves to dustless denitration, can avoid solid dust to the washing of catalyst, and the catalyst that harmful components caused in the dust blocks up and poisoning, above two points lengthen denitration catalyst 8 life greatly, improve denitration efficiency, further reduce follow-up denitration catalytic zone volume, and then further reduce equipment volume.
In addition, the filter bag 5 of the dust removal bag region can filter the desulfurized dust, namely particles of the desulfurization reaction can be attached to the surface of the filter bag 5, and the gaseous denitration agent can pass through the filter bag 5 to enter the denitration catalyst region for denitration reaction.
Due to the optimization, the electric field area, the desulfurization area, the dust removal bag area and the denitration catalyst area can be integrated in the same main machine shell 11, so that the electric field area, the desulfurization area, the dust removal bag area and the denitration catalyst area can be applied to a smaller space environment, and the use flexibility is improved.
And the purified flue gas is discharged as dry flue gas, so that the phenomenon of wet smoke and rain can not be generated, risks such as equipment corrosion and the like can not be caused, and secondary pollution can not be generated.
In order to uniformly disperse the desulfurization solid particles in the flue gas, the following arrangement is also made herein.
The desulfurization, denitrification and dedusting integrated equipment can also comprise a second charging component 3 for charging desulfurization solid particles; the charged desulfurization solid particles are blown to a desulfurization zone, wherein the charge of the second charging component 3 to the desulfurization solid particles is the same as the charge of the first charging component 1 to the flue gas dust particles.
That is, the charged desulfurization solid particles are electrically the same as the charged flue gas dust particles, for example, when the electric field region is a cathodic electric field, the second charging member negatively charges the desulfurization solid particles. Otherwise, the same applies.
The desulfurization solid particles are sprayed into the desulfurization zone after charged, SO that the desulfurization solid particles and dust particles which are not collected by an electrostatic precipitator in an electric field area in a flue have the same charge and are mutually repelled, the desulfurization solid particles are favorable for being rapidly diffused in the flue gas to form a uniform suspension state, the surface of each absorbent particle is fully exposed in the flue gas, the reaction opportunity of the absorbent particles and SO2 is greatly increased, the activity of the absorbent particles is greatly improved after charged, and the co-SO is reduced 2 The time required for complete reaction is generally within 2 seconds under the medium temperature environment of 300-400 DEG CCan complete chemical reaction, thereby effectively improving SO 2 The removal rate of the desulfurizing agent is reduced.
The second charging member 3 in the above embodiment may be disposed outside the main housing 11, and the outlet of the desulfurization solid particles of the second charging member 3 is connected to the desulfurization zone through a pipeline, that is, the main housing 11 is provided with a desulfurization solid particle inlet, and the outlet of the second charging member 3 is connected to the desulfurization solid particle inlet. The charged desulfurization solid particles are blown to a desulfurization zone through the first blowing component 2.
Of course, the gaseous denitration agent spraying device may also be located outside the main machine housing 11, that is, the main machine housing 11 is provided with a denitration agent inlet, and an outlet of the gaseous denitration agent spraying device is connected with the denitration agent inlet.
The filter bag 5 in the dust bag region in each of the above embodiments is a metal filter bag 5, and a superalloy filter bag 5 is preferably used. Desulfurization zone and SO of the thus charged desulfurization solid particle host housing 11 2 After the reaction, the desulfurization solid particles which do not participate in the reaction are adhered to the surface of the alloy filter bag 5, SO that charges are rapidly released, a compact dust layer is formed, the flue gas is prevented from rapidly passing through the alloy filter bag 5, and the desulfurizing agent and SO are prolonged 2 The reaction time further improves the desulfurization efficiency.
The structure of the main body housing 11 may be variously formed, and a specific structure is given below.
In a specific embodiment, the main housing 11 may include a horizontal section 111 and a vertical section 112 that are sequentially connected, and the electric field region and the desulfurization region are disposed in the horizontal section 111, that is, the first charging member 1, the first blowing member 2, and the second blowing member 4 are sequentially disposed in the horizontal section 111. The dust removal bag area and the denitration catalyst area are arranged in the vertical section 112, the filter bags 5 of the dust removal bag area are vertically arranged and are upward in opening, the flue gas outlet is positioned at the top of the vertical section 112, and the flue gas inlet is positioned at the left end part of the horizontal section 111.
The flue gas flows horizontally from the horizontal section 111 into the vertical section 112, and flows upwards in the vertical direction after being filtered by the filter bag 5 until flowing to the flue gas outlet.
Preferably, the horizontal section 111 can be designed into a bell mouth structure, and the radial dimension of the cross section of the bell mouth structure is gradually increased along the flow direction of the flue gas. The electric field region and the desulfurization region are arranged close to an inlet of the horn mouth structure; therefore, the distance between the flue gas sprayed with the desulfurization solid particles and the filter bag can be increased as much as possible, and the internal sulfur element and the desulfurization solid particles of the flue gas can be fully reflected before the flue gas contacts the filter bag.
In each of the above embodiments, the dust bag region and the denitration catalyst region are spaced apart by a predetermined height to form the air chamber 7. The air chamber 7 is provided with the high-temperature resistant alloy filter bag 5 which can be conveniently installed and detached.
In addition, the device herein may also comprise a back-blowing system 6 arranged above the filter pocket mouths. The back-blowing system 6 is beneficial to reducing the system resistance and ensuring that the smoke smoothly flows through the filter bag 5.
In the above embodiments, the lower end of the dust bag region may be provided with a dust hopper 10 for receiving the dust falling on the filter bag 5; the ash bucket 10 is also provided with heat exchange components inside for exchanging heat between the dust falling into the ash bucket and an external medium.
Of course, the ash bucket 10 can also be arranged below the electric field region, and a heat exchange component can also be arranged inside the ash bucket for collecting the heat of dust.
On the basis of the equipment, the invention also provides a desulfurization, denitrification and dedusting process, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out charge on solid particles in flue gas with the temperature reduced to 300-400 ℃;
s2, spraying desulfurization solid particles to remove sulfur in the charged flue gas;
s3, spraying a gaseous denitration agent into the flue gas;
s4, filtering the flue gas sprayed with the gaseous denitration agent through a filter bag to remove dust and solid particles formed by desulfurization;
s5, passing the flue gas filtered by the filter bag through a denitration catalyst, and enabling the gaseous denitration agent in the flue gas to act with a part of components in the flue gas under the catalysis of the denitration catalyst so as to remove the nitrate elements in the flue gas.
Before the desulfurization solid particles are sprayed into the flue gas, the step S2 is further carried out: and charging the desulfurization solid particles, wherein the electric property of the charged desulfurization solid particles is the same as that of the solid particles in the charged flue gas.
The desulfurization, denitrification and dust removal process is implemented on the basis of the equipment, so that the process also has the technical effects of the equipment.
The desulfurization, denitrification and dedusting integrated equipment and the process provided by the invention are described in detail. The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to facilitate an understanding of the method of the present invention and its core ideas. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations of the invention can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications and adaptations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. The desulfurization, denitrification and dedusting integrated equipment is characterized by comprising a main machine shell (11) with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet, wherein an electric field area, a desulfurization area, a dedusting bag area and a denitration catalyst area are sequentially arranged in the main machine shell (11) along the flow direction of the flue gas;
the electric field area is provided with a first charging component (1) for charging solid particles in the flue gas;
the desulfurization zone is provided with a first blowing component (2) and a second blowing component (4), and the first blowing component (2) and the second blowing component (4) are sequentially arranged along the flow direction of the flue gas; the first blowing component (2) is used for blowing desulfurization solid particles;
the second spraying and blowing component (4) is used for spraying a gaseous denitration agent;
the dust removing bag area is provided with a filter bag (5);
the denitration catalyst area is provided with a positioning part for storing a denitration catalyst (8); the desulfurization device also comprises a second charging component (3) for charging the desulfurization solid particles; the charged desulfurization solid particles are blown to the desulfurization zone through the first blowing component (2), wherein the charge of the second charging component (3) on the desulfurization solid particles is the same as the charge of the first charging component (1) on the flue gas dust particles.
2. The desulfurization, denitrification and dedusting integrated device according to claim 1, wherein the second charging component (3) is arranged outside the host shell (11), and a desulfurization solid particle outlet of the second charging component (3) is communicated with the desulfurization zone through a pipeline.
3. The desulfurization, denitrification and dedusting integrated equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first charging component (1) is a high-voltage pulse electrostatic precipitator, and the gaseous denitration agent is NH 3 。
4. The desulfurization, denitrification and dedusting integrated equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the filter bag (5) of the dedusting bag area is a metal filter bag.
5. The desulfurization, denitrification, and dust removal integrated apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the main body housing (11) includes a horizontal section (111) and a vertical section (112) which are sequentially communicated, the first charging member (1), the first blowing member (2), and the second blowing member (4) are sequentially arranged in the horizontal section (111), the dust removal bag region and the denitration catalyst region are arranged in the vertical section (112), and the filter bag (5) of the dust removal bag region is vertically arranged with an opening upward.
6. The desulfurization, denitrification and dedusting integrated apparatus as in claim 5, wherein the dedusting bag area is spaced from the denitration catalyst area by a predetermined height to form an air chamber (7).
7. The desulfurization, denitrification and dedusting integrated device as claimed in claim 5, further comprising a back blowing system (6) arranged above the filter bag mouth of the dedusting bag region.
8. The desulfurization, denitrification and dedusting integrated equipment according to claim 6, wherein an ash bucket (10) is arranged at the lower end part of the dedusting bag area and is used for receiving the dust falling on the filter bag (5); the inside of the ash bucket (10) is also provided with a heat exchange component which is used for carrying out heat exchange on dust falling into the ash bucket (10) and an external medium.
9. A desulfurization, denitrification and dedusting process using the desulfurization, denitrification and dedusting integrated equipment as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
carrying out charge on solid particles in the flue gas with the temperature reduced to 300-400 ℃;
spraying desulfurization solid particles to remove sulfur in the charged flue gas;
spraying a gaseous denitration agent into the flue gas;
filtering the flue gas sprayed with the gaseous denitration agent through a filter bag (5) to remove dust and solid particles formed by desulfurization;
and (3) passing the flue gas filtered by the filter bag (5) through a denitration catalyst (8), wherein under the catalysis of the denitration catalyst (8), the gaseous denitration agent in the flue gas acts with partial components in the flue gas to remove the nitrate elements in the flue gas.
10. The desulfurization, denitrification and dedusting process according to claim 9, wherein the desulfurization solid particles are further subjected to the following steps prior to being sprayed into the flue gas: and charging the desulfurization solid particles, wherein the electric property of the charged desulfurization solid particles is the same as that of the solid particles in the charged flue gas.
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| CN109331647A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-02-15 | 北京国电龙源环保工程有限公司 | Flue gas ash removal denitration UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN integrated apparatus and its processing method |
| WO2022105008A1 (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2022-05-27 | 浙江鸿盛新材料科技集团股份有限公司 | Modular desulfurization, denitration, voc removal, and dust removal integrated system |
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