CN108256245B - Preparation method of high-performance concrete - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-performance concrete Download PDFInfo
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- CN108256245B CN108256245B CN201810070374.9A CN201810070374A CN108256245B CN 108256245 B CN108256245 B CN 108256245B CN 201810070374 A CN201810070374 A CN 201810070374A CN 108256245 B CN108256245 B CN 108256245B
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- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of high-performance concrete, which comprises the steps of determining concrete design parameters according to the performance requirements of the concrete, and detecting raw materials for preparing the concrete to obtain detection data of the raw materials; determining the water consumption of the concrete mixture, the using amount of a cementing material and the using amounts of cement, slag powder and fly ash according to the design parameters of the concrete, and converting the apparent density of the cement, the slag powder and the fly ash according to the detection data of raw materials into the using amount by mass; determining sand rate according to the particle size of the coarse aggregate, determining the using amount of the fine aggregate according to the sand rate, and converting the apparent density of the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate according to raw material detection data into mass using amount; and determining the water quantity to be added into the concrete mixture according to the mixing amount and the water reducing rate of the water reducing agent and the water content of the sand, and determining the volume weight of the mixing proportion of the concrete. The invention solves the problem of high-performance concrete preparation; raw materials are detected a little, working efficiency and reliability are improved, enterprise cost is reduced, and environment is protected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of concrete preparation, in particular to a preparation method of high-performance concrete.
Background
With the development of high-rise, large-scale, large-span and modernization of buildings and infrastructure in China, higher-strength and better-quality concrete is needed, the traditional mix proportion design method (such as an absolute volume method and an assumed volume weight method) of the domestic concrete is a semi-empirical quantitative semi-calculation method based on the determined water-cement (ash) ratio, the determined volume weight and the determined sand-stone ratio, the performance requirements of the modern concrete cannot be completely met, and the high-performance concrete has many excellent performances such as high durability, high strength, high workability and volume stability, so that the high-performance concrete is considered to be the most comprehensive concrete in the world at present and is certainly an important building engineering material in the new century. High-performance concrete has been used in many important projects, especially in bridges, high-rise buildings, harbor buildings, and other projects. It has many advantages as follows:
(1) high durability, in the current relevant building laws and regulations, the safe service life of a first-level building is only 50 years, and the safe service life of the high-performance concrete is greatly prolonged due to the greatly improved durability:
the safe service life of the HPC structure body which is properly designed and constructed in high quality is not less than 100 years in areas of freeze thawing, seawater, severe cold, severe heat and the like under unfavorable use conditions and severe environments;
the safe service life of the HPC structural body used in the normal environment is not less than 200 years;
and thirdly, after necessary measures are taken by special important projects, the safe service life is not less than 300 years.
The service life is prolonged and the maintenance cost is low under the normal use environment; under the use condition with special requirements, the special requirements of corrosion resistance, freeze thawing resistance and the like under severe use environment resistance can be met.
(2) The concrete mixture has higher fluidity, does not delaminate or segregate in the forming process, and is easy to fill a model; the pumping concrete and the self-compacting concrete also have good pumpability and self-compacting performance. The concrete can be smoothly transported and poured under specific construction conditions, and a concrete structure body with excellent compactness and uniformity can be obtained.
(3) Higher intensity can satisfy the intensity requirement that the design bearing capacity proposed, and has sufficient later stage intensity increase ability.
(4) The concrete has the advantages of high volume stability, almost no shrinkage, no creep, no mold sticking, small volume change and good crack resistance after the concrete is hardened.
(5) The HPC has high compactness and certain anti-permeability and anti-chloride ion capacity. (of course, the level of impermeability depends on the quality of the raw material and the accuracy of the test data)
(6) And can meet the requirements of environmental protection and sustainable development.
In a word, the high-performance concrete can better meet the structural function requirement, the construction process requirement and the environmental requirement, the service life of a concrete structure body can be greatly prolonged, and the construction cost and the maintenance cost are reduced.
The cement consumption of the concrete mixing station in the concrete production enterprises visiting many places in the country and the concrete field mixing station of the large-scale construction projects of the countries such as highways, railways and the like for years is not enough, but the performances of the concrete such as quality, durability, strength and the like have great difference from the ideal state. At the present stage, engineers and technicians capable of designing high-performance concrete in China are quite lack, and the traditional concrete design method of experience plus semi-quantitative and semi-calculation of quality in China is deeply fixed in mind by some old engineers and old technicians, or the high-performance concrete design method is considered to be complex and tedious, has a great gap from practical application, and is unwilling to accept or question the reliability and applicability of new technology and new things.
At present, about 18 billion cubic meters of premixed concrete is produced every year in China, wherein about 12 billion cubic meters of highway, railway and large-scale projects in China are produced, 8 months and 25 days in 2014, the quality of the project printed by the Ministry of housing and construction in China is responsible for making a file, namely 'construction [2014] 124', the construction party pays more attention to the quality of the concrete, the design of the concrete mixing ratio is required to increase the cement consumption, the construction party increases the concrete cement consumption for improving the quality and reducing the later maintenance cost, a large amount of cement requirements are caused, the cement production enterprises are high-energy-consumption and high-pollution enterprises, and the exploitation of limestone seriously destroys natural resources, which runs against the policies of energy conservation, emission reduction, environment protection, natural resources protection and ecological environment protection in China.
In summary, a technical solution for preparing high-performance concrete is needed to solve the problems of the prior art for preparing high-performance concrete.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of high-performance concrete, which solves the problem of complete high-performance concrete with wide applicability, and optimizes the preparation method to the minimum gap of dense thick and thin aggregates by using a Fuller continuous grading curve and a Dinger-Funk equation. The design and preparation of the high-performance concrete can be easily realized by common concrete practitioners, the test workload can be greatly reduced, the working efficiency and the reliability can be improved, the use is simple, and the popularization of the high-performance concrete in China is possible and easy to realize.
It should be noted that the theoretical core and basis on which the present invention is based are: the structural body composed of different substances and different particle sizes has the compactness which is the fundamental factor of the structural body strength, particularly the structural body taking large particles as strength aggregate, and the core foundation established by the method of the invention is that the component materials for forming the concrete reach the highest compactness (theoretically approaching zero, namely zero void ratio) according to the respective quantity (the particles are from large to small and the quantity is not more or less). The materials forming the concrete are filled with sand to fill the gaps among the stones, so that first-level compaction is achieved, the gaps among the sands are filled with the cementing materials (the effects of adhering the component materials and lubricating the component materials are achieved at the same time), in the cementing materials, the gaps among the cement particles are filled with the fly ash with smaller particles, the gaps among the fly ash particles are filled with the slag powder with smaller particles, first-level filling is achieved, and the better compactness of a concrete structure is achieved.
It is well known to those skilled in the concrete industry that: the low water-cement ratio can obviously improve the concrete strength, but this is only a factor for improving the concrete compactness, because too much water occupies the space in the concrete, after the concrete hardens, these water finally all evaporate to the air in, just leave the space that original water occupied in the concrete, form the space, closely knit degree has also reduced, the intensity of concrete has also just also reduced, this is the concrete that design intensity is higher, the water-cement ratio of design is less reason. This, of course, requires that there be sufficient water usage for cement hydration and for other cementitious materials throughout the chemical reaction.
It is known that the concrete strength can be improved by increasing the cement dosage, but the technical personnel can not explain the concrete strength by using the technology or scientific principle at present aiming at the reason, the concrete strength can only be improved correctly in low-strength concrete (below C60) by increasing the cement dosage, the concrete strength can not be improved when the cement dosage is added to a certain dosage, and a plurality of problems of crack and strength reduction of mass concrete, no toughness of the concrete and the like can be caused due to higher hydration heat. This is because cement has a function of filling concrete voids in concrete in addition to a cementing function (in a certain range, cement is more, and the cementing function is stronger, but not in a proportional relationship), and cement particles are finer, and can fill both larger voids and smaller voids. However, no finer slag powder or fly ash or silica fume is filled among cement particles, so that the strength is not increased after reaching a certain value.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a preparation method of high-performance concrete comprises the following steps:
1) determining concrete design parameters according to the performance requirements of the concrete, and detecting raw materials for preparing the concrete to obtain detection data of the raw materials;
2) determining the water consumption of the concrete mixture, the using amount of a cementing material and the using amounts of cement, slag powder and fly ash according to the design parameters of the concrete, and converting the apparent density of the cement, the slag powder and the fly ash according to the detection data of raw materials into the using amount by mass;
3) determining sand rate according to the particle size of the coarse aggregate, determining the using amount of the fine aggregate according to the sand rate, and converting the apparent density of the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate according to raw material detection data into mass using amount;
4) and determining the water quantity to be added into the concrete mixture according to the mixing amount and the water reducing rate of the water reducing agent and the water content of the sand, and determining the volume weight of the mixing proportion of the concrete.
The above method can be further refined as follows:
1. determining design parameters according to the performance requirements of the concrete;
2. detecting the used raw materials to obtain data for later use;
3. determining the water consumption of the concrete mixture according to parameters required by design and raw material detection data;
4. determining the dosage (volume) of the cementing material;
5. determining the dosage (volume) of cement, slag powder and fly ash according to the design parameters of mineral admixture rate and air content;
6. converting the apparent density of the cementing material of 5 into the mass consumption according to the detection data of the raw material;
7. determining the sand rate (volume sand rate, or mass sand rate according to the apparent density of sand and stone) according to the particle size of the coarse aggregate;
8. determining the dosage (volume) of coarse and fine aggregates (stone and sand);
9. converting the apparent density of the coarse and fine aggregate 8 according to raw material detection data into mass consumption;
10. finally determining the water amount to be added into the mixture according to the mixing amount and the water reducing rate of the water reducing agent and the water content of the sand;
11. and all data are determined to be finished, and the concrete mixing proportion is obtained.
In the preparation method of the high-performance concrete, in the step 2), the water consumption of the concrete mixture is the total water consumption of the anhydrous sand without the water reducing agent, and the total water consumption of the anhydrous sand without the water reducing agent is calculated according to the designed air content of the concrete, the apparent density of the cement, the apparent density of the mixed mineral admixture, the preparation strength of the concrete, the cement grade and the cement surplus strength.
In the preparation method of the high-performance concrete, in the step 2), the water consumption of the concrete mixture is the total water consumption of the water-free sand without the water reducing agent, and the total water consumption of the water-free sand without the water reducing agent is calculated according to the designed air content and the water-cement ratio of the concrete;
the total water consumption of the anhydrous sand without the water reducer is (350-concrete design air content)/(1 + ((concrete preparation strength/(0.46 times cement strength standard value times cement margin strength) + 0.07)/((1-mineral admixture ratio/100) times cement apparent density + (mineral admixture ratio/100 times mineral admixture mixed apparent density))))
Or when the mineral admixture rate is 25%, the formula can be simplified as follows:
the total water consumption of the water-reducing agent-free anhydrous sand is (350-designed air content of concrete)/(1 + 0.335/water-cement ratio);
the water-cement ratio was 1/((concrete formulation strength/(0.46 × cement mark × cement green strength)) + 0.07).
In the preparation method of the high-performance concrete, in the step 2), the dosage of the cementing material is 350-the water consumption of the concrete mixture-the designed air content of the concrete.
In the step 2), the usage volumes of the cement, the slag powder and the fly ash are determined according to the design parameters of the concrete, such as the mineral admixture rate, the mineral admixture proportion and the air content, and the apparent density is converted into the mass according to the raw material detection data.
In the step 3), the sand rate is determined by calculation according to the volume of the cementing material, the air content of the concrete design, the volume and the apparent density of coarse aggregate, the volume and the apparent density of fine aggregate and the particle size of coarse aggregate by using a fullerene continuous grading curve and a Dinger-Funk equation. As early as 1907, "fuller and Thomson" (Fullerand Thomson), proposed a theoretical equation for defining particle size distribution of solid aggregate and its distribution curve, and a fuller continuous grading curve is a mathematical basis for particle size distribution of mixed aggregate, and in concrete proportioning design, a person skilled in the art usually uses the fuller curve (FLC) as an important reference for design. The formulation of the Dinger-Funk equation is CPFT ═ (D)q-Ds q)/(DL q-Ds q). In the equation, CPFT refers to the cumulative percentage below a certain size fraction, and q refers to the size distribution coefficient. D is the particle size, DsMinimum particle size, DLRefers to the maximum particle size dimension. The value of q is generally between 0.2 and 0.25. The fine material of the lower regulating q value is increased, and the coarse material of the upper regulating q value is increased. But is typically at most 0.37. Meanwhile, the particles and the matrix can be calculated separately, and the middle part is deleted. The casting material can be 0.23, the aggregate can be 0.30 and the matrix can be 0.21.
In the above method for preparing high performance concrete, in step 3), the amount of coarse and fine aggregate is calculated according to the sand ratio and converted into the amount of hydrous sand and the amount of crushed stone, where the amount of hydrous sand is anhydrous sand/(1-sand water content/100), and the amount of crushed stone is (650 × (1-sand ratio) × stone apparent density) × (1+ stone water content/100).
In the above method for preparing high performance concrete, in step 4), the water amount to be added to the mixture is finally determined according to the mixing amount, the water reducing rate and the water content of the water reducing agent, and the water amount to be added to the water-containing sand with the water reducing agent is the total water amount of the anhydrous sand without the water reducing agent- (the water-containing sand amount × the water content of the sand) - (the water-free sand without the water reducing agent × the water reducing rate of the water reducing agent).
In the above preparation method of high-performance concrete, in step 4), when the strength of the concrete is above C60, the amount of the water reducing agent is calculated according to the slump design requirement and the concentration of the water reducing agent by using the following formula:
and a, when the water reducing agent is at low concentration:
the dosage of the water reducing agent is ((215-total water consumption of anhydrous sand without the water reducing agent)/215 + (0.005 Xslump/10-0.04)) × 0.0917 x (the dosage of cement, the dosage of slag powder and the dosage of fly ash);
b, when the water reducing agent is at high concentration:
the dosage of the water reducing agent is ((215-total water consumption of anhydrous sand without the water reducing agent)/215 + (0.005 × slump/10-0.04)) × (cement dosage, slag powder dosage and fly ash dosage) x 0.0367 ×;
c when slump factors are not considered and the water reducing agent is in a low concentration:
(215-total water consumption of anhydrous sand without water reducer)/215) x 0.0917 x (cement consumption, slag powder consumption and fly ash consumption)
d when slump factors are not considered and the water reducing agent is in high concentration:
the dosage of the water reducing agent is ((215-total water consumption of anhydrous sand without the water reducing agent)/215) multiplied by 0.0367 multiplied by (cement dosage, slag powder dosage and fly ash dosage).
In the preparation method of the high-performance concrete, in the step 4), the volume weight of the mixing ratio is as follows:
the concrete volume weight is the cement dosage, the slag powder dosage, the fly ash dosage, the hydrous sand dosage, the broken stone dosage, the water reducing agent dosage and the water quantity required to be added by the water reducing agent hydrous sand.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) value to concrete production enterprises:
the method can greatly reduce the cost of raw materials, improve the economic benefit of enterprises, has higher strength abundance, enhances the market competitiveness and reduces various troubles caused by insufficient strength.
(2) Social value:
the invention can reduce the consumption of concrete cement by about 30 percent in national large-scale construction projects such as roads, railways and the like, simultaneously treat and utilize waste residues of enterprises such as steel, aluminum, copper and the like, fly ash of thermal power generation enterprises and other industrial enterprises, change waste into valuable, comprehensively utilize resources, reduce the pressure of the earth on the self-purification cycle of environmental destruction, and protect the land and the environment. The method is very beneficial to concrete production enterprises and enterprises with industrial waste ash, and simultaneously well supports a plurality of national policies, and is beneficial and harmless.
The invention solves the problems of designing and preparing high-performance concrete with high durability, high strength, high workability, volume stability and the like; the method is simple, easy to learn and use, easy to popularize and popularize, can also realize the popularization of high-performance concrete in China, has less detection of raw materials to be made, greatly reduces the test workload, improves the working efficiency and reliability, reduces the cost of concrete production enterprises, treats industrial waste residues, achieves the comprehensive utilization of resources, and has strong support for national policies of energy conservation, emission reduction, environmental protection, natural resource protection and ecological environment protection.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing high performance concrete;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a software program interface developed according to a high performance concrete preparation method.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
For the method of the present invention, the applicant develops an auxiliary design software, and the present invention is first described in detail with reference to the software design, and the variables in the formula are defined as follows:
fce Cement label (32.5/42.4/52.5/62.5)
C, cement dosage
K is the amount of the slag powder
F, the amount of the fly ash
S anhydrous sand dosage
Sw dosage of hydrous sand
G, the amount of the crushed stone
Jsj dosage of water reducing agent
water, total water consumption of water-free sand without water reducing agent
W is the amount of water needed to be added for water-containing sand by using a water reducing agent
peizhiqdu concrete formulation strength
concrete structure strength
jncltv cementitious Material volume
sjb ratio of water to glue
bzcxs standard deviation coefficient
cement rich strength of cememtfyqd
jsjcl water reducing agent mixing amount
jsjjjsl water reducing agent water reducing rate
wsandlv sand moisture content
sandmd apparent Sand Density
sand ratio of sandlv
wsand: water-containing sand
cement apparent density of cememd
And (2) cemenv: (volume of cement)
cemnfyqd: (Cement richness strength)
xcltv: volume of mineral admixture
stonemaxd: maximum particle size of pebbles
kfmd: apparent density of slag powder
fmhmd apparent density of fly ash
air is the designed air content of concrete
wstonelv moisture content of pebbles
stone apparent density
The proportion of xcll mineral admixture in the cementitious material
The ratio of xclbl to mineral admixture
xclhmd: mineral admixture mixed apparent density
jsjsy index number of water reducing agent selected for preparing concrete with strength of above C60
tld slump
jsjnd concentration coefficient of water reducing agent
stone gradation ratio of szjpbl
RZ: volume weight of concrete
Determining design parameters according to the performance requirements of the concrete, detecting the used raw materials, and obtaining data for later use.
The water consumption of the anhydrous sand is calculated by the following formula:
⑴water＝(350-air)/(1+((4/(3×cementmd+xclhhmd))×((peizhiqdu/(0.46×Fce×cementfyqd))+0.07)))
⑵water＝(350-air)/(1+((4/(3×cementmd+(kfmd×xclbl+fmhmd)/(xclbl+1)))×((peizhiqdu/(0.46×Fce×cementfyqd))+0.07)))
⑶water＝(350-air)/(1+((peizhiqdu/(0.46×Fce×cementfyqd)+0.07)/(((1–xcll/100)×cementmd+(xcll/100×xclhhmd)))))
⑷sjb＝1/((peizhiqdu/(0.46×Fce×cementfyqd))+0.07)
⑸water＝(350-air)/(1+0.335/sjb)
the amount of cement (volume) was calculated using the following formula:
Jncltv＝350-water–air
determining the use amounts (volumes) of cement, slag powder and fly ash according to the design parameters of mineral admixture rate, each mineral admixture rate and air content by the following formula, and converting apparent density into mass according to raw material detection data:
⑴cementv＝jncltv×(1–xcll/100)×cementmd
⑵xcltv＝jncltv×xcll/100
⑶K＝jncltv×(xcll/100)×kfmd
⑷K＝jncltv×(xcll/100)×xclbl/(xclbl+1)×kfmd
⑸F＝jncltv×(xcll/100)/(xclbl+1)×fmhmd
calculating the volume sand rate (or the mass sand rate according to the apparent density of sand and stone) according to the volume of the cementing material, the designed air content, the volume and the apparent density of the coarse and fine aggregates and the particle size of the coarse aggregates by the following formula
Volume sand rate:
when stonemaxd is 10: sandlv ═ 475-jncltv-air)/650
When stonemaxd is 20: sandlv ═ 450-jncltv-air)/650
When stonemaxd is 25: sandlv (430-jncltv-air)/650
When stonemaxd is 31.5: sandlv ═ (415-jncltv-air)/650
When stonemaxd is 40: sandlv ═ 408-jncltv-air)/650
Or
stonemaxd＝10：sandlv＝(475–(350–water–air)–air)/650
stonemaxd＝20：sandlv＝(450–(350–water–air)–air)/650
stonemaxd＝25：sandlv＝(430–(350–water–air)–air)/650
stonemaxd＝31.5：sandlv＝(415–(350–water–air)–air)/650
stonemaxd＝40：sandlv＝(408–(350–water–air)–air)/650
When the apparent densities of the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate are the same (i.e., the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate are the same substance):
when stonemaxd is 10: sandlv (125+ water)/650
When stonemaxd is 20: sandlv ═ 100+ water)/650
When stonemaxd is 25: sandlv ═ 80+ water)/650
When stonemaxd is 31.5: sandlv ═ 65+ water)/650
When stonemaxd is 40: sandlv (58+ water)/650
When the apparent densities of the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate are not the same:
when stonemaxd is 10: sandlv ═ ((125+ water) × sandmd)/((525-water) × stonemd + (125+ water) × sandmd)
When stonemaxd is 20: sandlv ═ ((100+ water) × sandmd)/((550-water) × stonemd + (100+ water) × sandmd)
When stonemaxd is 25: sandlv ═ ((80+ water) × sandmd)/((570-water) × stonemd + (80+ water) × sandmd)
When stonemaxd is 31.5: sandlv ═ ((65+ water) × sandmd)/((585-water) × stonemd + (65+ water) × sandmd)
When stonemaxd is 40: sandlv ((58+ water) × sandmd)/((592-water) × stonemd + (58+ water) × sandmd)
Calculating the using amount of coarse and fine aggregates (stones and sands) according to the determined sand rate by using the following formula, and converting the using amount into the mass of the hydrous sand and the mass of the stones:
⑴S＝650×sandlv×sandmd
⑵wsand＝S/(1-wsandlv/100)
⑶G＝(650×(1-sandlv)×stonemd)×(1+wstonelv/100)
when the strength of the prepared concrete is less than C60, calculating the dosage of the water reducing agent according to the mixing amount and the water reducing rate of the water reducing agent by the following formula:
Jsj＝(C+K+F)×jsjcl
finally determining the water amount required to be added into the mixture according to the mixing amount and the water reducing rate of the water reducing agent and the water content of the sand:
⑴W＝water-(S/(1-wsandlv/100)×wsandlv/100)
⑵W＝water-(water×jsjjsl/100)-(wsand×wsandlv/100)
⑶W＝water-wsand×wsandlv/100
designing high-strength concrete (more than C60), and calculating the using amount of the water reducing agent by using the following formula according to the slump design requirement and the concentration of the water reducing agent:
the water reducing agent is characterized in that when the water reducing agent is low in concentration:
Jsj＝((215-water)/215+(0.005×tld/10-0.04))×0.0917×(C+K+F)
the water reducing agent is used in high concentration:
Jsj＝((215-water)/215+(0.005×tld/10-0.04))×0.0367×(C+K+F)
when slump factors are not considered and the water reducing agent is at a low concentration:
Jsj＝((215-water)/215)×0.0917×(C+K+F)
fourthly, when the slump factor is not considered and the water reducer is in high concentration:
Jsj＝((215-water)/215)×0.0367×(C+K+F)
the volume weight of the mix proportion is calculated by the following formula:
RZ＝C+K+F+Sw+G+Jsj+W
and (5) calculating all data required by the mixing ratio to obtain the mass mixing ratio. The calculation result can be used for trial test, and the raw material detection data is accurate and can also be directly used for production.
The following are the relevant trial experimental data according to the method of the invention, in combination with specific design software:
the invention solves the problems of designing and preparing high-performance concrete with high durability, high strength, high workability, volume stability and the like; and the utility model is simple, easy to learn and use, and easy to popularize. The cost of concrete production enterprises is reduced, industrial waste residues are treated, comprehensive utilization of resources is achieved, and the concrete production system has strong support for national policies of energy conservation, emission reduction, environmental protection, natural resource protection and ecological environment protection.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (5)
1. The preparation method of the high-performance concrete is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) determining concrete design parameters according to the performance requirements of the concrete, and detecting raw materials for preparing the concrete to obtain detection data of the raw materials;
2) determining the water consumption of the concrete mixture, the volume consumption of the cementing material, the volume consumption of the cement, the slag powder and the fly ash according to the design parameters of the concrete and the detection data of the raw materials, and converting the cement, the slag powder and the fly ash into the mass consumption according to the apparent density;
3) determining the sand rate of close packing according to the particle size of the coarse aggregate, determining the volume consumption of the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate according to the sand rate, and converting the apparent density of the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate into the mass consumption according to the detection data of raw materials;
4) determining the water quantity to be added into the concrete mixture according to the mixing amount and the water reducing rate of the water reducing agent and the water content of the sand, and determining the volume weight of the mixing proportion of the concrete;
the above method can be further refined as follows:
determining design parameters according to the performance requirements of the concrete;
detecting the used raw materials to obtain data for later use;
determining the water consumption of the concrete mixture according to parameters required by design and raw material detection data;
determining the volume dosage of the cementing material;
determining the volume usage of cement, slag powder and fly ash according to design parameters of mineral admixture rate and air content;
converting the apparent density of the cementing material into mass consumption according to raw material detection data;
determining the sand rate according to the particle size of the coarse aggregate;
determining the volume usage of coarse and fine aggregates;
converting the apparent density of coarse and fine aggregates into mass consumption according to raw material detection data;
finally determining the water amount to be added into the mixture according to the mixing amount and the water reducing rate of the water reducing agent and the water content of the sand;
all data are determined to be finished, and the concrete mixing proportion is obtained;
in the step 4), when the concrete strength is more than C60, calculating the mass and the dosage of the water reducer by using the following formula according to the slump design requirement and the concentration of the water reducer:
and a, when the water reducing agent is at low concentration:
the mass usage of the water reducing agent is not larger than (= ((215-total water usage of anhydrous sand without the water reducing agent)/215 + (0.005 × slump/10-0.04)) × 0.0917 × (the mass usage of cement + the mass usage of slag powder + the mass usage of fly ash);
b, when the water reducing agent is at high concentration:
the mass usage of the water reducing agent is not larger than (= (215-total water usage of anhydrous sand without the water reducing agent)/215 + (0.005 × slump/10-0.04)) × 0.0367 × (cement mass usage, slag powder mass usage and fly ash mass usage);
c when slump factors are not considered and the water reducing agent is in a low concentration:
water reducing agent mass usage = ((215-water reducing agent-anhydrous sand total water usage)/215) × 0.0917 × (cement mass usage + slag powder mass usage + fly ash mass usage)
d when slump factors are not considered and the water reducing agent is in high concentration:
the mass usage of the water reducing agent is not larger than (= ((215-total water usage of anhydrous sand without the water reducing agent)/215) × 0.0367 × (mass usage of cement + mass usage of slag powder + mass usage of fly ash);
in the step 3), calculating and determining the sand rate by adopting a fullerene continuous grading curve and a Dinger-Funk equation according to the volume of the cementing material, the air content of concrete design, the volume and the apparent density of coarse aggregate, the volume and the apparent density of fine aggregate, the particle size and the grading proportion of coarse aggregate;
volume sand rate:
when stonemaxd = 10: salvlv = (475-jncltv-air)/650
When stonemaxd = 20: salvlv = (450-jncltv-air)/650
When stonemaxd = 25: salvlv = (430-jncltv-air)/650
When stonemaxd = 31.5: salvlv = (415-jncltv-air)/650
When stonemaxd = 40: salvlv = (408-jncultv-air)/650
Or
When stonemaxd = 10: sandlv = ((125+ water) × sandmd)/((525-water) × stonemd + (125+ water) × sandd)
When stonemaxd = 20: sandlv = ((100+ water) × sandmd)/((550-water) × stonemd + (100+ water) × sandmd)
When stonemaxd = 25: sandlv = ((80+ water) × sandmd)/((570-water) × stonemd + (80+ water) × sandd)
When stonemaxd = 31.5: sandlv = ((65+ water) × sandmd)/((585-water) × stonemd + (65+ water) × sandd)
When stonemaxd = 40: sandlv = ((58+ water) × sandmd)/((592-water) × stonemd + (58+ water) × sandd);
determining the volume usage of cement, slag powder and fly ash according to the design parameters of mineral admixture rate, each mineral admixture rate and air content by the following formula, and converting the apparent density into mass according to the detection data of raw materials:
⑴cementv = jncltv× (1–xcll / 100)×cementmd
⑵xcltv = jncltv×xcll / 100
(3) K = jncltv× (xcll / 100) ×xclbl / (xclbl + 1) ×kfmd
(4) F = jncltv× (xcll / 100) / (xclbl + 1) ×fmhmd；
the variables in the formula define:
stonemaxd: maximum particle size of pebbles
And (3) sandlv: sand rate
jncltv: volume of cementitious Material
air: designed air content of concrete
water: total water consumption of anhydrous sand without water reducing agent
sandmd: apparent density of sand
stonemd: apparent density of stone
And (2) cemenv: volume of cement
And (2) cemtmd: apparent density of cement
xcll: the proportion of the mineral admixture in the cementitious material
xcltv: volume of mineral admixture
xclbl: the mineral admixture is mixed in proportion
kfmd: apparent density of slag powder
fmhmd: apparent density of fly ash
K: amount of slag powder
F: the using amount of the fly ash;
in the step 2), the volume usage of the cementing material = 350-the water consumption of the concrete mixture-the designed air content of the concrete.
2. The method for preparing high-performance concrete according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the water consumption of the concrete mixture is the total water consumption of the anhydrous sand without the water reducing agent, and the total water consumption of the anhydrous sand without the water reducing agent is calculated according to the designed air content of the concrete, the apparent density of the cement, the mixed apparent density of mineral admixtures, the preparation strength of the concrete, the cement mark and the cement-rich strength.
3. The preparation method of the high-performance concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step 2), the water consumption of the concrete mixture is the total water consumption of the anhydrous sand without the water reducing agent, and the total water consumption of the anhydrous sand without the water reducing agent is calculated according to the designed air content and the water-cement ratio of the concrete;
total water consumption of anhydrous sand without water reducer = (350-concrete design air content)/(1 + ((concrete formulation strength/(0.46 × cement strength standard value × cement abundant strength) + 0.07)/((1-mineral admixture ratio/100) × cement apparent density + (mineral admixture ratio/100 × mineral admixture mixed apparent density))))
Or when the mineral admixture rate =25%, the formula can be simplified as:
the total water consumption of the water-reducing agent-free anhydrous sand is = (350-concrete design air content)/(1 + 0.335/water-cement ratio);
the water-cement ratio = 1/((concrete formulation strength/(0.46 × cement designation × cement green strength)) + 0.07).
4. The method for preparing high performance concrete according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the mass amount of coarse and fine aggregates is calculated according to the sand ratio and converted into the mass amount of hydrous sand and the mass amount of crushed stone, wherein the mass amount of hydrous sand = mass amount of anhydrous sand/(1-sand water content ratio/100), and the mass amount of crushed stone = (650 × (1-sand ratio) × apparent density of stone) × (1+ stone water content ratio/100).
5. The method for preparing high-performance concrete according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the volume weight of the mixing ratio is as follows:
the concrete volume weight = cement mass usage + slag powder mass usage + fly ash mass usage + water-containing sand mass usage + crushed stone mass usage + water reducing agent mass usage + water amount required to be added by water reducing agent water-containing sand.
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