CN108250403A - 聚氨酯化学灌浆材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种聚氨酯化学灌浆材料及其制备方法和应用,属于聚氨酯高分子材料技术领域。该材料包括A组份和B组份。A组份包括:聚醚多元醇、催化剂、增塑剂、泡沫稳定剂、渗透结晶材料、发泡剂。B组份包括:多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯(PAPI)。本发明的聚氨酯化学灌浆材料具备渗透结晶功能,能够渗入无机材料毛细管结构内部,增强聚氨酯材料和无机材料的紧密结合度,提高了防水效果,而且具备一定的增强无机建筑材料密实度和冬季耐冻融功能。本发明的聚氨酯化学灌浆材料为双组份,与传统的单组分材料相比具有更佳的环境友好性能、可操作时间长、无需调整设备使用单液灌浆泵即可灌浆、储存和运输安全等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种聚氨酯化学灌浆材料及其制备方法和应用,属于聚氨酯高分子材料领域。
背景技术
聚氨酯化学灌浆材料的应用范围十分广泛,主要应用于建筑防水、水下填充堵漏、公路隧道、码头港口等领域。与传统材料相比,聚氨酯化学灌浆材料具有渗透力强、填充效果好、加固功能牢固等优点。
目前常见的聚氨酯化学灌浆材料多为单组分,而且聚氨酯作为一种有机材料和无机建筑材料结合的紧密程度具有一定的局限性,尤其在北方地区,导致建筑工程材料性能降低的原因除了防水性还有冬季冷冻低温天气的原因,无机建筑材料尤其是水泥建筑物在气候的作用下经常会出现细微的毛细管结构,导致其耐候性下降,仅仅使用有机防水材料做表面的防水工程解决不了内部渗水导致的冷冻损坏。
目前市面常见的聚氨酯灌浆材料多含有机溶剂如甲苯、苯和丙酮等,这些溶剂具有易燃易爆、易挥发、毒性大等缺点,不仅污染环境还对现场施工人员造成严重的健康危害。由于常见溶剂的沸点和燃点都比较低,因此不适用于密闭空间或地下作业,运输过程中也存在易燃易爆等安全隐患。
常见的聚氨酯灌浆材料多为单组分产品,单组分产品存在可操作时间短、固化效果和固化强度易受水量影响等缺点,导致了其应用范围有一定的局限性。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述缺陷,本发明提出了一种聚氨酯化学灌浆材料及其制备方法和应用。
本发明是采用以下的技术方案实现的:
一种聚氨酯化学灌浆材料,包括A组份和B组份。
制备A组份的原料包括:聚醚多元醇80-90份、增塑剂5-20份、催化剂1-5份、泡沫稳定剂1-2份、渗透结晶材料1-3份、发泡剂1-5份。
制备B组份的原料包括:多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯(PAPI)。
其中,所述的渗透结晶材料为甲基硅酸钠、甲基硅酸钾、乙基硅酸钠、乙基硅酸钾、偏硅酸钠、偏硅酸钾中的一种或几种。
渗透结晶材料在混凝土和裂缝处修补堵漏的渗透机理是通过填充和密实混凝土或裂缝处毛细管结构来增加无机建筑材料的强度。游离氧化钙和湿气是渗透结晶材料反应的主要因素,混凝土结构的无机建筑材料中含有充足的游离氧化钙,只要有水分存在的条件下,渗透结晶材料就能充分固化不断填充混凝土的毛细结构,增强了聚氨酯化学灌浆材料的防水和抗渗功能。
所述的发泡剂为过氧化叔丁醇的水溶液。
过氧化物本身具有很大的发气量,过氧化叔丁醇的羟基结构会进一步和异氰酸酯反应产生二氧化碳气体,使得聚氨酯化学灌浆材料具备优异的发泡性能。
所述的A组份与B组份的质量比为1:1-1.5。
所述的聚醚多元醇为三官能度聚醚多元醇、四官能度聚醚多元醇中的一种或组合。
所述的聚醚多元醇数均分子量在5000-6000之间。优选地,所述的聚醚多元醇为聚氨酯硬泡聚醚多元醇4110,其外观为淡黄色透明粘稠液体,羟值(KOHmg/g)420-480,水分(%)≤0.15,黏度(25℃,Pa.S)4500-6500,pH值5-7.5。
所述的催化剂为叔胺类催化剂、吗啉型催化剂、有机金属类催化剂中的一种或几种。优选地,所述的催化剂为双(二甲氨基乙基)醚、N,N-二甲基环己胺、三乙烯二胺、双吗啉二乙基醚、二月桂酸二丁基锡中的一种或多种混合。
所述的增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物中的一种或几种。优选地,所述的增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)。
所述的泡沫稳定剂为水溶性有机硅氧烷类化合物。
所述的B组份为多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯(PAPI),是4,4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯与聚合二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(聚合MDI)的混合物,为浅黄色至褐色粘稠液体,有刺激性气味。
一种如上述所述的聚氨酯化学灌浆材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
A组份的制备:将聚醚多元醇和催化剂在110-120℃的条件下搅拌,真空脱水3小时,降温至室温后加入增塑剂、泡沫稳定剂、渗透结晶材料和发泡剂,搅拌均匀后出料;
将A组份和B组份按照1:1-1.5的比例用灌浆泵进行灌浆,即得。
一种如上述所述的聚氨酯化学灌浆材料在道路、建筑物、水下建筑等的加固、维护和防水堵漏中的应用。
本发明的有益效果是:
1.本发明公开的聚氨酯化学灌浆材料为含有能渗入毛细管结构的渗透结晶材料、不含溶剂的双组分聚氨酯灌浆材料,无需对灌浆设备进行调整,施工过程中材料的固化效果较好、可操作时间长、具备良好的堵漏填充性能。
2.本发明特别适用于北方地区,即使在冬季零下气温的环境下,也能够正常施工使用,并且由于本发明含有渗透结晶材料,能够增加无机建筑材料的密实性,提高了无机建筑材料尤其是混凝土材料的抗冻和防水性能。
3.本发明的聚氨酯灌浆材料各项性能指标优异,符合建材行业标准JC/T 2041-2010的要求。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明目的、技术方案更加清楚明白,下面对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例一:
A组份
聚醚多元醇4110 80份
三乙烯二胺0.1份
N,N-二甲基环己胺0.15份
双吗啉二乙基醚0.12份
二月桂酸二丁基锡0.05份
甲基硅酸钠0.5份
邻苯二甲酸二辛酯14份
水溶性硅油1份
发泡剂1.0份
B组份
PAPI 100份
制备方法:在不锈钢反应釜中加入80份聚醚多元醇4110和催化剂在110-120℃的条件下搅拌真空脱水3小时,降温至室温后加入14份邻苯二甲酸二辛脂、水溶性硅油1份和0.5份甲基硅酸钠、1.0份发泡剂,搅拌均匀后出料,即得A组份。
将A组份和B组份常温条件下搅拌混合均匀2min后完全固化,即得聚氨酯化学灌浆材料。
实施例二:
A组份
聚醚多元醇4110 85份
三乙烯二胺0.08份
双(二甲氨基乙基)醚0.1份
双吗啉二乙基醚0.1份
二月桂酸二丁基锡0.08份
乙基硅酸钠0.8份
邻苯二甲酸二辛酯15份
水溶性硅油1.1份
发泡剂1.2份
B组份
PAPI 110份
制备方法:在不锈钢反应釜中加入85份聚醚多元醇4110和催化剂在110-120℃的条件下搅拌真空脱水3小时,降温至室温后加入15份邻苯二甲酸二辛脂、水溶性硅油1.1份、0.8份乙基硅酸钠、1.2份发泡剂,搅拌均匀后出料,即得A组份。
将A组份和B组份常温条件下搅拌混合均匀2min后完全固化,即得聚氨酯化学灌浆材料。
实施例三:
A组份
聚醚多元醇4110 85份
三乙烯二胺0.08份
N,N-二甲基环己胺0.1份
双吗啉二乙基醚0.12份
二月桂酸二丁基锡0.05份
乙基硅酸钠1.0份
邻苯二甲酸二辛酯18份
水溶性硅油1份
发泡剂1.0份
B组份
PAPI 110份
制备方法:在不锈钢反应釜中加入85份聚醚多元醇4110和催化剂在110-120℃的条件下搅拌真空脱水3小时,降温至室温后加入18份邻苯二甲酸二辛脂、水溶性硅油1份、1.0份乙基硅酸钠、发泡剂1.0份,搅拌均匀后出料,即得A组份。
将A组份和B组份常温条件下搅拌混合均匀2min后完全固化,即得聚氨酯化学灌浆材料。
实施例四:
A组份
聚醚多元醇4110 90份
三乙烯二胺0.1份
双(二甲氨基乙基)醚0.1份
双吗啉二乙基醚0.15份
二月桂酸二丁基锡0.1份
甲基硅酸钠1.2份
邻苯二甲酸二辛酯15份
水溶性硅油1.2份
发泡剂1.0份
B组份
PAPI 120份
制备方法:在不锈钢反应釜中加入90份聚醚多元醇4110和催化剂在110-120℃的条件下搅拌真空脱水3小时,降温至室温后加入15份邻苯二甲酸二辛脂、水溶性硅油1.2份、1.2份甲基硅酸钠、1.0份发泡剂,搅拌均匀后出料,即得A组份。
将A组份和B组份常温条件下搅拌混合均匀2min后完全固化,即得聚氨酯化学灌浆材料。
对比例
聚醚多元醇4110 90份
三乙烯二胺0.1份
双(二甲氨基乙基)醚0.1份
双吗啉二乙基醚0.15份
二月桂酸二丁基锡0.1份
甲基硅酸钠1.2份
邻苯二甲酸二辛酯15份
水溶性硅油1.2份
水1.0份
B组份
PAPI 120份
制备方法:在不锈钢反应釜中加入90份聚醚多元醇4110和催化剂在110-120℃的条件下搅拌真空脱水3小时,降温至室温后加入15份邻苯二甲酸二辛脂、水溶性硅油1.2份、1.0份水,搅拌均匀后出料,即得A组份。
将A组份和B组份常温条件下搅拌混合均匀2min后完全固化,即得聚氨酯化学灌浆材料。
Claims (9)
1.一种聚氨酯化学灌浆材料,其特征在于,包括A组份和B组份;
制备A组份的原料包括:聚醚多元醇80-90份、增塑剂5-20份、催化剂1-5份、泡沫稳定剂1-2份、渗透结晶材料1-3份、发泡剂1-5份;
制备B组份的原料包括:多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯(PAPI);
其中,所述的渗透结晶材料为甲基硅酸钠、甲基硅酸钾、乙基硅酸钠、乙基硅酸钾、偏硅酸钠、偏硅酸钾中的一种或几种;
所述的发泡剂为过氧化叔丁醇的水溶液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯化学灌浆材料,其特征在于,所述的A组份与B组份的质量比为1:1-1.5。
3.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯化学灌浆材料,其特征在于,所述的聚醚多元醇为三官能度聚醚多元醇、四官能度聚醚多元醇中的一种或组合。
4.根据权利要求1或3所述的聚氨酯化学灌浆材料,其特征在于,所述的聚醚多元醇数均分子量在5000-6000之间。
5.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯化学灌浆材料,其特征在于,所述的催化剂为叔胺类催化剂、吗啉型催化剂、有机金属类催化剂中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯化学灌浆材料,其特征在于,所述的增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯化学灌浆材料,其特征在于,所述的泡沫稳定剂为水溶性有机硅氧烷类化合物。
8.一种如权利要求1-7任意一项所述的聚氨酯化学灌浆材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
A组份的制备:将聚醚多元醇和催化剂在110-120℃的条件下搅拌,真空脱水3小时,降温至室温后加入增塑剂、泡沫稳定剂、渗透结晶材料和发泡剂,搅拌均匀后出料;
将A组份和B组份按照1:1-1.5的比例用灌浆泵进行灌浆,即得。
9.一种如权利要求1-7任意一项所述的聚氨酯化学灌浆材料在道路、建筑物、水下建筑等的加固、维护和防水堵漏中的应用。
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