CN108248145B - Natural fibrilia reinforced polymer matrix composite board free of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde release and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Natural fibrilia reinforced polymer matrix composite board free of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde release and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108248145B
CN108248145B CN201810012650.6A CN201810012650A CN108248145B CN 108248145 B CN108248145 B CN 108248145B CN 201810012650 A CN201810012650 A CN 201810012650A CN 108248145 B CN108248145 B CN 108248145B
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natural
felt
polymer matrix
matrix composite
fibrilia
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CN108248145A (en
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刘雪强
李志刚
潘国立
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Changchun Bochao Automobile Parts Co ltd
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Changchun Bochao Automobile Parts Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
    • B32B3/08—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by added members at particular parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/0036—Heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/08—Impregnating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/16—Drying; Softening; Cleaning
    • B32B38/164—Drying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/028—Net structure, e.g. spaced apart filaments bonded at the crossing points
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/06—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a fibrous or filamentary layer mechanically connected, e.g. by needling to another layer, e.g. of fibres, of paper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B9/047—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material made of fibres or filaments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/20—All layers being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
    • B32B2260/021—Fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B2260/023—Two or more layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/06—Vegetal fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/718—Weight, e.g. weight per square meter

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a natural fibrilia reinforced polymer matrix composite board free of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde release and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of design and manufacture of automobile materials. Firstly, heating the natural fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite board prepared by the traditional method, spraying an adsorbent, and exhausting and ventilating; then negative pressure adsorption is carried out to remove and adsorb the released formaldehyde and acetaldehyde; then obtaining the formaldehyde-free and acetaldehyde natural fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite board. The natural fiber reinforced composite board prepared by the invention has the advantages of good environmental protection performance, no formaldehyde, no acetaldehyde release, light weight and wide application. Can be widely applied to the fields of automobiles, rail vehicles, aerospace, buildings, decoration, packaging and the like, and has good application prospect.

Description

Natural fibrilia reinforced polymer matrix composite board free of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde release and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
Belonging to the field of fiber reinforced composite material preparation.
Background
Along with the progress of society, the demands of people on environmental protection, energy conservation, material saving and the like are continuously improved, the demands on automobiles and automobile interior trim materials are also higher and higher, and the market competition is vigorous. Lightweight is a trend in the development of automobiles, and thus, lightweight materials are becoming more and more popular for use in automobiles. The fibrilia is used as an organic material, has good performance and is environment-friendly.
The VOC problem is the problem which needs to be solved by the automotive interior material, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in the composite material are difficult to completely remove by the traditional treatment method, and the produced composite material still has difficulty in meeting the VOC release requirements of strict national regulations of automotive interior parts. Therefore, the low-cost removal of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in the fibrilia reinforced composite board is a difficult problem to be solved in industry development.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention discloses a natural fibrilia reinforced polymer matrix composite board without formaldehyde and acetaldehyde release, which is formed by mixing natural fibrilia and polymer fibers, interweaving the fibers and solidifying the polymer fibers; the gaps among the fiber bundles 1 of the natural hemp fibers are filled with adsorbent particles 2, and the natural hemp fibers are hemp fibers, jute fibers, flax fibers, ramie fibers or a mixture of 1-4 of the above; the polymer fiber may be PP, PE, PC, PA, PA66 or PLA. The adsorbent is silane coupling agent modified nano clay.
The preparation method of the natural fibrilia reinforced polymer matrix composite board without formaldehyde and acetaldehyde release comprises the following specific steps:
1) Weighing raw materials according to the proportion of 30-70wt% of natural fibrilia and 70-30wt% of polymer;
2) Washing the natural bast fiber to remove impurities and drying, and degumming the natural bast fiber by using a rapid cryogenic degumming treatment method;
3) Immersing degummed fibrilia in a surface treating agent for 30 min-4 h, taking out, washing with water for multiple times, and drying in an oven at 80-100 ℃ for 6-12 h to obtain surface modified fibrilia;
4) Opening and mixing the dried polymer fibers and the modified fibrilia uniformly, carding to obtain a composite fiber single-layer thin net, crossly laying 6-10 layers, and needling to obtain a felt material;
5) Filling the die cavity with felt, heating the felt to soften the felt by a vulcanizing press, transferring the felt to a metal die with a demolding agent uniformly coated on the upper surface and the lower surface, rapidly clamping the die at a speed of 10m/min, and clamping the die at a speed of 3m/min when the distance between the male die and the female die is 8-10 cm; after die assembly, keeping the pressure of 50-80 MPa and the temperature of 175-195 ℃ for 10-20 min; demoulding to obtain a natural fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite board;
6) Heating the natural fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite board at 150-300 deg.c for 5-30 min;
7) Spraying the adsorbent solution to the felt after the felt is cooled until the solution completely infiltrates the felt;
8) Carrying out exhaust drying treatment on the felt material;
9) And (3) carrying out negative pressure adsorption on the felt material in a vacuumizing mode, wherein the vacuum degree is 1-10 kPa, and maintaining the pressure for 5-30 minutes to remove formaldehyde and acetaldehyde which can be released from the natural fibers.
The method for preparing the adsorbent suspension is as follows: adding 0.5-2wt% of nanoclay, 0.25-1wt% of dispersant and 1-2wt% of silane coupling agent into water to form a nanoclay-coupling agent suspension with a concentration of 10-30 wt%; stirring the nanoclay-coupling agent suspension at 1000-1350rpm for 0.5-2 hours; stirring the nano clay-coupling agent suspension for 1.5-3 hours at 1700-2000rpm to form a coupling agent mixed solution of nano clay.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the composite board prepared by the invention has the advantages of good environmental protection performance, light weight, no formaldehyde and acetaldehyde release and wide application. Can be widely applied to the fields of automobiles, ship bodies, aircrafts, buildings, furniture, decoration, packaging, battery packaging, high-pressure containers and the like, and has good application prospect. The process is a formaldehyde and acetaldehyde removal treatment process for the low-cost and environment-friendly composite board.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the structure of a natural fibrilia reinforced polymer matrix composite board without formaldehyde and acetaldehyde release;
1-fibrilia bundles, 2-adsorbent particles, 3-natural fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite felt in fig. 1.
Detailed Description
Example 1
1) Weighing raw materials according to the proportion of 30-70wt% of jute fiber and 70-30wt% of polymer;
2) Washing natural fibrilia to remove impurities, drying, and degumming the fibrilia by using a rapid cryogenic degumming treatment method;
3) Immersing degummed fibrilia in a surface treating agent for 30 min-4 h, taking out, washing with water for multiple times, and drying in an oven at 80-100 ℃ for 6-12 h to obtain surface modified fibrilia;
4) Opening and mixing the dried polymer fibers and the modified fibrilia uniformly, carding to obtain a composite fiber single-layer thin net, crossly laying 6-10 layers, and needling to obtain a felt material;
5) Filling the die cavity with felt, heating the felt to soften the felt by a vulcanizing press, transferring the felt to a metal die with a demolding agent uniformly coated on the upper surface and the lower surface, rapidly clamping the die at a speed of 10m/min, and clamping the die at a speed of 3m/min when the distance between the male die and the female die is 8-10 cm; after die assembly, keeping the pressure of 50-80 MPa and the temperature of 175-195 ℃ for 10-20 min; demoulding to obtain a natural fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite board;
6) Heating the natural fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite board at 170 ℃ for 10 minutes;
7) Spraying the adsorbent solution to the felt after the felt is cooled until the solution completely infiltrates the felt;
8) Carrying out exhaust drying treatment on the felt material;
9) And negative pressure adsorption is carried out on the felt material in a vacuumizing mode, the vacuum degree is 5kPa, the pressure is maintained for 20 minutes, and releasable formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in the natural fiber are removed.
The test is carried out by adopting a bag-type VOC test method, the release amount of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde is 0.05mg/kg, and the release amount of acetaldehyde is 0.07mg/kg. Meets the national standard requirements.
Example 2
1) Weighing raw materials according to the proportion of 30-70wt% of China hemp fiber and 70-30wt% of polymer;
2) Washing natural hemp fiber to remove impurities, drying, and degumming the hemp fiber by using a rapid cryogenic degumming treatment method;
3) Immersing degummed fibrilia in a surface treating agent for 30 min-4 h, taking out, washing with water for multiple times, and drying in an oven at 80-100 ℃ for 6-12 h to obtain surface modified fibrilia;
4) Opening and mixing the dried polymer fibers and the modified fibrilia uniformly, carding to obtain a composite fiber single-layer thin net, crossly laying 6-10 layers, and needling to obtain a felt material;
5) Filling the die cavity with felt, heating the felt to soften the felt by a vulcanizing press, transferring the felt to a metal die with a demolding agent uniformly coated on the upper surface and the lower surface, rapidly clamping the die at a speed of 10m/min, and clamping the die at a speed of 3m/min when the distance between the male die and the female die is 8-10 cm; after die assembly, keeping the pressure of 50-80 MPa and the temperature of 175-195 ℃ for 10-20 min; demoulding to obtain a natural fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite board;
6) Heating the natural fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite board at 220 ℃ for 15 minutes;
7) Spraying the adsorbent solution to the felt after the felt is cooled until the solution completely infiltrates the felt;
8) Carrying out exhaust drying treatment on the felt material;
9) And negative pressure adsorption is carried out on the felt material in a vacuumizing mode, the vacuum degree is 10kPa, the pressure is maintained for 10 minutes, and releasable formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in the natural fiber are removed.
The test is carried out by adopting a bag-type VOC test method, the release amount of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde is 0.08mg/kg, and the release amount of acetaldehyde is 0.05mg/kg. Meets the national standard requirements.
Example 3
1) Weighing raw materials according to the proportion of 30-70wt% of flax fiber and 70-30wt% of polymer;
2) Washing natural fibrilia to remove impurities, drying, and degumming the fibrilia by using a rapid cryogenic degumming treatment method;
3) Immersing degummed fibrilia in a surface treating agent for 30 min-4 h, taking out, washing with water for multiple times, and drying in an oven at 80-100 ℃ for 6-12 h to obtain surface modified fibrilia;
4) Opening and mixing the dried polymer fibers and the modified fibrilia uniformly, carding to obtain a composite fiber single-layer thin net, crossly laying 6-10 layers, and needling to obtain a felt material;
5) Filling the die cavity with felt, heating the felt to soften the felt by a vulcanizing press, transferring the felt to a metal die with a demolding agent uniformly coated on the upper surface and the lower surface, rapidly clamping the die at a speed of 10m/min, and clamping the die at a speed of 3m/min when the distance between the male die and the female die is 8-10 cm; after die assembly, keeping the pressure of 50-80 MPa and the temperature of 175-195 ℃ for 10-20 min; demoulding to obtain a natural fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite board;
6) Heating the natural fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite board at 190 ℃ for 20 minutes;
7) Spraying the adsorbent solution to the felt after the felt is cooled until the solution completely infiltrates the felt;
8) Carrying out exhaust drying treatment on the felt material;
9) And negative pressure adsorption is carried out on the felt material in a vacuumizing mode, the vacuum degree is 8kPa, the pressure is maintained for 30 minutes, and releasable formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in the natural fiber are removed.
The test is carried out by adopting a bag-type VOC test method, the release amount of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde is 0.05mg/kg, and the release amount of acetaldehyde is 0.08mg/kg. Meets the national standard requirements.
The method for preparing the adsorbent suspension can adopt the following modes:
1. 0.5 weight percent of nano montmorillonite, 0.25 weight percent of polyvinylpyrrolidone and 1 weight percent of silane coupling agent are taken as dispersing agents, water is added to prepare suspension with the concentration of 20 weight percent, and the suspension is stirred for 1h at 1350rpm by a mechanical stirrer and then stirred for 2h at 1700rpm to prepare the uniformly dispersed nano clay suspension.
2. 1wt% of nano montmorillonite, 0.25wt% of polyvinylpyrrolidone and 1.5wt% of silane coupling agent are taken as dispersing agents, water is added to prepare suspension with the concentration of 20wt%, and the suspension is stirred for 1h at 1350rpm by a mechanical stirrer and then stirred for 2h at 1700rpm to prepare uniformly dispersed nano clay suspension.
3. 2wt% of nano montmorillonite, 1wt% of polyvinylpyrrolidone and 2wt% of silane coupling agent are taken as dispersing agents, water is added to prepare suspension with the concentration of 20wt%, and the suspension is stirred for 1h at 1350rpm by a mechanical stirrer and then stirred for 2h at 1700rpm to prepare uniformly dispersed nano clay suspension.
The structure of the natural fibrilia reinforced polymer matrix composite board without formaldehyde and acetaldehyde release in the above embodiment is shown in fig. 1, and the board is formed by mixing natural fibrilia and polymer fiber, interweaving the fiber and solidifying the polymer fiber; the gaps among the fiber bundles 1 of the natural fibrilia are filled with adsorbent particles 2.

Claims (8)

1. The natural fibrilia reinforced polymer matrix composite board with low formaldehyde and acetaldehyde release is characterized in that the board is formed by mixing natural fibrilia and polymer fibers, interweaving the fibers and solidifying the polymer fibers; the gaps among fiber bundles (1) of the natural bast fibers are filled with adsorbent particles (2), and the natural bast fibers are hemp fibers, jute fibers, flax fibers, ramie fibers or a mixture of 2-4 of the hemp fibers; the polymer fiber is PP, PE, PC, PA, PA66 or PLA; the adsorbent is silane coupling agent modified nano clay, and the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
1) Weighing raw materials according to the proportion of 30-70wt% of natural fibrilia and 70-30wt% of polymer;
2) Washing the natural bast fiber to remove impurities and drying, and degumming the natural bast fiber by using a rapid cryogenic degumming treatment method;
3) Immersing degummed fibrilia in a surface treating agent for 30 min-4 h, taking out, washing with water for multiple times, and drying in an oven at 80-100 ℃ for 6-12 h to obtain surface modified fibrilia;
4) Opening and mixing the dried polymer fibers and the modified fibrilia uniformly, carding to obtain a composite fiber single-layer thin net, crossly laying 6-10 layers, and needling to obtain a felt material;
5) Filling the die cavity with felt, heating the felt to soften the felt by a vulcanizing press, transferring the felt to a metal die with a demolding agent uniformly coated on the upper surface and the lower surface, rapidly clamping the die at a speed of 10m/min, and clamping the die at a speed of 3m/min when the distance between the male die and the female die is 8-10 cm; after die assembly, keeping the pressure of 50-80 MPa and the temperature of 175-195 ℃ for 10-20 min; demoulding to obtain a natural fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite board;
6) Heating the natural fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite board at the temperature of 150-300 ℃ for 5-30 minutes;
7) Spraying the adsorbent solution to the felt after the felt is cooled until the solution completely infiltrates the felt;
8) Carrying out exhaust drying treatment on the felt material;
9) Carrying out negative pressure adsorption on the felt material in a vacuumizing mode, keeping the vacuum degree at 1-10 kPa for 5-30 minutes, and removing formaldehyde and acetaldehyde which can be released from the natural fibers;
the adsorbent solution is prepared according to the following steps: adding 0.5-2wt% of nanoclay, 0.25-1wt% of dispersant and 1-2wt% of silane coupling agent into water to form a nanoclay-coupling agent suspension with a concentration of 10-30 wt%; stirring the nanoclay-coupling agent suspension at 1000-1350rpm for 0.5-2 hours; stirring the nano clay-coupling agent suspension for 1.5-3 hours at 1700-2000rpm to form a coupling agent mixed solution of nano clay.
2. A method for preparing the natural fibrilia reinforced polymer matrix composite board with low formaldehyde and acetaldehyde release as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following specific steps:
1) Weighing raw materials according to the proportion of 30-70wt% of natural fibrilia and 70-30wt% of polymer;
2) Washing the natural bast fiber to remove impurities and drying, and degumming the natural bast fiber by using a rapid cryogenic degumming treatment method;
3) Immersing degummed fibrilia in a surface treating agent for 30 min-4 h, taking out, washing with water for multiple times, and drying in an oven at 80-100 ℃ for 6-12 h to obtain surface modified fibrilia;
4) Opening and mixing the dried polymer fibers and the modified fibrilia uniformly, carding to obtain a composite fiber single-layer thin net, crossly laying 6-10 layers, and needling to obtain a felt material;
5) Filling the die cavity with felt, heating the felt to soften the felt by a vulcanizing press, transferring the felt to a metal die with a demolding agent uniformly coated on the upper surface and the lower surface, rapidly clamping the die at a speed of 10m/min, and clamping the die at a speed of 3m/min when the distance between the male die and the female die is 8-10 cm; after die assembly, keeping the pressure of 50-80 MPa and the temperature of 175-195 ℃ for 10-20 min; demoulding to obtain a natural fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite board;
6) Heating the natural fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite board at the temperature of 150-300 ℃ for 5-30 minutes;
7) Spraying the adsorbent solution to the felt after the felt is cooled until the solution completely infiltrates the felt;
8) Carrying out exhaust drying treatment on the felt material;
9) Carrying out negative pressure adsorption on the felt material in a vacuumizing mode, keeping the vacuum degree at 1-10 kPa for 5-30 minutes, and removing formaldehyde and acetaldehyde which can be released from the natural fibers;
the adsorbent solution is prepared according to the following steps: adding 0.5-2wt% of nanoclay, 0.25-1wt% of dispersant and 1-2wt% of silane coupling agent into water to form a nanoclay-coupling agent suspension with a concentration of 10-30 wt%; stirring the nanoclay-coupling agent suspension at 1000-1350rpm for 0.5-2 hours; stirring the nano clay-coupling agent suspension for 1.5-3 hours at 1700-2000rpm to form a coupling agent mixed solution of nano clay.
3. The method for preparing a natural fibrilia reinforced polymer matrix composite board with low formaldehyde and acetaldehyde release according to claim 2, wherein 0.5wt% of nano montmorillonite, 0.25wt% of polyvinylpyrrolidone, and 1wt% of silane coupling agent are taken as dispersing agents, and added into water to prepare a suspension with concentration of 20wt%, and the suspension is prepared by stirring for 1h at 1350rpm with a mechanical stirrer, and then stirring for 2h at 1700 rpm.
4. The method for preparing a natural fibrilia reinforced polymer matrix composite board with low formaldehyde and acetaldehyde release according to claim 2, wherein 1wt% of nano montmorillonite, 0.25wt% of polyvinylpyrrolidone as a dispersing agent and 1.5wt% of silane coupling agent are added into water to prepare a suspension with concentration of 20wt%, and the suspension is prepared by stirring for 1h at 1350rpm with a mechanical stirrer and then stirring for 2h at 1700 rpm.
5. The method for preparing a natural fibrilia reinforced polymer matrix composite board with low formaldehyde and acetaldehyde release according to claim 2, wherein 2wt% of nano montmorillonite, 1wt% of polyvinylpyrrolidone as a dispersing agent and 2wt% of silane coupling agent are added into water to prepare a suspension with concentration of 20wt%, and the suspension is prepared by stirring for 1h at 1350rpm with a mechanical stirrer and then stirring for 2h at 1700 rpm.
6. The method for producing a natural fibrilia reinforced polymer matrix composite sheet material having low formaldehyde and acetaldehyde release as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that,
step 6) heating the jute fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite board at 170 ℃ for 10 minutes; and 9) carrying out negative pressure adsorption on the felt material in a vacuumizing mode, wherein the vacuum degree is 5kPa, and the pressure is maintained for 20 minutes.
7. The method for producing a natural fibrilia reinforced polymer matrix composite sheet material having low formaldehyde and acetaldehyde release as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that,
step 6) heating the China hemp fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite board at 220 ℃ for 15 minutes; and 9) carrying out negative pressure adsorption on the felt material in a vacuumizing mode, wherein the vacuum degree is 10kPa, and the pressure is maintained for 10 minutes.
8. The method for producing a natural fibrilia reinforced polymer matrix composite sheet material having low formaldehyde and acetaldehyde release as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that,
step 6) heating the flax fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite board at 190 ℃ for 20 minutes; and 9) carrying out negative pressure adsorption on the felt material in a vacuumizing mode, wherein the vacuum degree is 8kPa, and the pressure is maintained for 30 minutes.
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