CN108246943B - Method for forming prefabricated blank of cylindrical helical gear - Google Patents
Method for forming prefabricated blank of cylindrical helical gear Download PDFInfo
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- CN108246943B CN108246943B CN201810039399.2A CN201810039399A CN108246943B CN 108246943 B CN108246943 B CN 108246943B CN 201810039399 A CN201810039399 A CN 201810039399A CN 108246943 B CN108246943 B CN 108246943B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/02—Preliminary treatment of metal stock without particular shaping, e.g. salvaging segregated zones, forging or pressing in the rough
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
- C21D7/10—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the whole cross-section, e.g. of concrete reinforcing bars
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
Abstract
The invention discloses a pre-preform forming method of a cylindrical helical gear, which comprises the steps of preparing a sample by a lower rod, twisting and deforming, cutting a twisted bar and rotating upsetting-extruding and deforming, wherein a rotating upsetting-extruding forming die consists of a punch and a die, a channel of the die consists of an extruding section, a forming section and an extruding section, the forming section consists of a rotating upsetting-extruding I section and a rotating upsetting-extruding II section, and through the combination of the twisting deformation and the rotating upsetting-extruding deformation, on one hand, the gradient grain distribution characteristic can be realized by preparing a gradient material for a metal material, and on the other hand, the rotating upsetting-extruding formation can realize a composite forming mode of upsetting deformation, extrusion forming and twisting and shearing deformation of a bar. The invention has reasonable and reliable design, simple forming method, simple and convenient operation and the like, improves the comprehensive mechanical characteristics of the pre-forming blank forming of the cylindrical helical gear and lays a good technical cushion for the subsequent forming and machining of the cylindrical helical gear.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical field of gear machining and manufacturing, in particular to a method for forming a preformed blank of a cylindrical helical gear.
Background art:
the cylindrical helical gear is a common part which is frequently used in mechanical transmission, and has the characteristics of stable transmission, small impact, vibration and noise and the like, so the cylindrical helical gear is widely used in high-speed and heavy-load occasions. The abrasion is a common industrial problem in the meshing transmission process of the bevel gears, so that high requirements are put forward on the manufacturing process of the bevel gears. The machining of gears generally involves machining the tooth profile, which inevitably cuts the metal fibers, resulting in a reduction in strength and life.
To solve the technical problems of improving the wear resistance of gears and improving the distribution of metal fibers, the prior patent art discloses a series of gear forming methods, such as: CN1683105, CN105473901A, CN106270810A, CN 101879536A. In addition, many relevant manufacturing methods are proposed in the prior art, such as: precision manufacturing and automation, 2012 (1): 52-54; plastic engineering journal, 2011, 18 (2): 24-27; mold technology, 2012 (3): 32-36; thermal processing process, 2016 (3): 177-179; thermal processing process, 2012, 41 (15): 116-117. For the gear, the gear meshing part is most easily worn, the gear central part is least worn, and the gear with the micro-nanocrystalline surface and the coarse-grained inner part can be designed. The design concept of the gradient micro-nano material provides a brand new idea for the forming and manufacturing of the gear. In addition, the improvement of the distribution of the streamline of the metal fiber is a technical problem to be solved in the modern manufacture of the gear.
Aiming at the difficulty of manufacturing and forming the cylindrical helical gear, a preform forming method combining torsion and rotary upsetting extrusion is provided.
The invention content is as follows:
in order to solve the problems of metal fiber distribution and gradient grain distribution of the cylindrical helical gear preform forging, a preform forming method of the cylindrical helical gear is provided.
The preform forming method comprises the steps of: preparing a sample by feeding a rod, performing torsional deformation, cutting a torsional rod and performing rotary upsetting-extrusion deformation;
(1) preparing a sample by using a lower rod:
blanking according to the forging drawing of the bevel gear, the forging process requirement and the principle that the volume is not changed, and preparing a torsional deformation sample according to the GB/T10128-2007 national standard;
(2) torsional deformation:
firstly, a power switch of a main engine of the torsion machine is turned on, after the system to be tested finishes self-checking of the power, a button of 'torque zero clearing' and 'torsion angle zero clearing' is pressed, then the type of the chuck bushing of the used clamping block is determined according to the shape of the sample, the V-shaped clamping block is used as the circular clamping part of the sample, the square clamping block is used as the circular milling flat clamping part, when the test of the circular sample is carried out, directly placing the sample between the two V-shaped clamping blocks, respectively screwing the clamping screws at the two sides of the chuck by using a special spanner until the sample is positioned at the central position of the chuck, then clamping the other end of the sample by using the same method, when the square clamping block is used, the specification of the square clamping block and the specification of the chuck bush are determined according to the size of the clamping part of the sample by using the chuck bush, after the clamping block and the bush are selected, placing a chuck lining and a square clamping block into the twisting chucks at two sides, placing a sample into the middle, and screwing the clamping blocks by using a special spanner;
after a sample is assembled, if a torque value displayed on a torque display window is not zero, a mechanical zero setting key is pressed, a hand wheel at the input end of a speed reducer is adjusted to zero in a numerical value of the torque display window on a control panel, the mechanical zero setting key is loosened, a torsion angle is pressed for zero clearing, after all preparation work is done, a torque range is selected, the selection principle is that the theoretical maximum torque of the sample is 60% -70% of a selected gear, the torsion speed is selected according to the material and the production process of the gear to be manufactured, the torsion deformation of the sample is performed according to a GB/T10128-2007 metal material room temperature torsion test method until the torsion deformation is finished, one end is removed, the other end is taken, and the test is finished;
(3) cutting a twisted bar:
cutting the sample after torsion according to the standard of a pre-extrusion sample deformed by rotary upsetting-extrusion, wherein the pre-extrusion sample is a cylindrical bar with the diameter of D1Length 0.75L;
a rotary upsetting-extruding forming die used for rotary upsetting-extruding deformation comprises a punch and a forming die, wherein a channel of the forming die comprises an extruding section, a forming section and an extruding section, and the forming section comprises a rotary upsetting-extruding I section and a rotary upsetting-extruding II section;
the extrusion section is an equal-diameter channel, the cross section of the extrusion section is circular, and the diameter of the extrusion section is D1The length of the extrusion section is L;
the rotary upsetting-extruding I section is connected with the extruding section and the rotary upsetting-extruding II section, the connecting end surface of the rotary upsetting-extruding I section and the extruding section is circular, and the diameter of the connecting end surface is D1The connecting end surface of the rotary upsetting-extruding section I and the rotary upsetting-extruding section II is an equilateral octagon, and the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the equilateral octagon is D2The central point of the circle and the central point of the equilateral octagon are positioned on the central axis of the rotary upsetting-extruding I section, and the length of the rotary upsetting-extruding I section is M.
The rotary upsetting-extruding section II is connected with the rotary upsetting-extruding section I and the extruding section, the connected end surface of the rotary upsetting-extruding section II and the rotary upsetting-extruding section I is an equilateral octagon, and the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the equilateral octagon is D2The connecting end surface of the rotary upsetting-extruding section II and the extruding section is circular, and the diameter is D3The central point of the equilateral octagon and the central point of the circle are positioned on the central axis of the rotary upsetting-extruding section II, and the length of the rotary upsetting-extruding section II is M.
The extrusion section is an equal-diameter channel, the cross section of the extrusion section is circular, and the diameter of the extrusion section is D3The length of the extruded section is N.
The cross section of the forming section is transited from a circle to an equilateral octagon and then transited from the equilateral octagon to the circle, 8 spiral curves are arranged on the channel wall of the forming section, and the intersection angle of the tangent line of the spiral curve at the cross section of the equilateral octagon and the cross section of the equilateral octagon is α;
said D2＞D1＞D3，L＞N＞2M，L≥0.75(N+2M)；
α is complementary with the helical angle of the cylindrical bevel gear to be formed;
(4) deformation by rotary upsetting and extrusion
The rotary upsetting-extruding forming die is adopted to realize rotary upsetting-extruding deformation, and comprises the following steps:
step one, preparation: cleaning the outer surface of the pre-extrusion sample and the inner wall of the channel of the section die, and smearing an extrusion lubricant on the outer surface of the pre-extrusion sample and the inner wall of the channel of the section die;
step two, assembling: placing the pre-extruded sample in an extrusion section of a section die, wherein one end of a punch is connected to a clamping fixed end of an extrusion device, and the other end of the punch is an extrusion working end and is in contact with an extrusion end face of the pre-extruded sample;
step three, extrusion molding: starting an extrusion device, extruding the pre-extruded sample by a punch at an extrusion speed of 1-10 mm/s, closing the extrusion device when the extrusion working end surface of the punch is overlapped with the lower end surface of an extrusion section, stopping the extrusion operation of the punch, starting the extrusion device again, lifting the punch at a speed of 10-20 mm/s, placing a second pre-extruded sample in the extrusion section of a section die when the punch completely comes out of a channel of the section die, starting the extrusion device, extruding the second pre-extruded sample by the punch at an extrusion speed of 1-10 mm/s, closing the extrusion device when the extrusion end surface of the punch is overlapped with the lower end surface of the extrusion section of the section die, stopping the extrusion operation of the punch, starting the extrusion device again, lifting the punch at a speed of 10-20 mm/s, extruding the first pre-extruded sample by the second pre-extruded sample out of an extrusion die channel, and sequentially deforming the first pre-extruded sample through a circle, an octagon and a circle, completing the rotary upsetting-extruding deformation of the first pre-extruded sample;
step four, subsequent extrusion: and repeating the third step to finish the rotary upsetting-extruding deformation of more pre-extruded samples.
The invention has the beneficial effects that the invention provides the preformed blank forming method of the cylindrical helical gear, a method combining torsional deformation and rotary upsetting-extruding deformation is adopted, the torsional deformation can be used for preparing the gradient material for the metal material, the grains of the sample after the torsional deformation and the bar material from the periphery to the center are thickened, the gradient grain distribution characteristic is realized, the end position of the gear is just a place which is easy to damage, the fine grains can improve the strength of the gear end, and the stress requirement of the central part of the gear is not high, so the coarse grain characteristic meets the requirement of the gear on the strength.
The invention adopts the technical scheme of rotary upsetting-extruding forming subsequently, and realizes the composite forming mode of upsetting deformation, extrusion forming and torsional shear deformation of the bar. Because the forming section is a drum-shaped structure with the lower end surface smaller than the upper end surface, upsetting deformation is firstly realized in the metal material, the material is extruded and deformed after being completely filled in the forming section, and meanwhile, the spiral curve can excite torsional shearing deformation, so that the rotary upsetting-extrusion forming can obtain a larger deformation degree than the traditional extrusion forming, on one hand, the fine grains can be further refined, the mechanical property of the material is improved, on the other hand, the metal fiber streamline distribution of the material can be improved, and the forming section is very favorable for subsequent deformation processing and machining.
The invention has reasonable and reliable design, simple forming method, simple and convenient operation and the like, improves the comprehensive mechanical characteristics of the pre-forming blank forming of the cylindrical helical gear and lays a good technical cushion for the subsequent forming and machining of the cylindrical helical gear.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a passage of a pattern die;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a detailed structure of a passage of a pattern die;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a cross section of a deformation section;
in the figure: 1. an extrusion section, 2, a rotary upsetting-extruding section I, 3, a rotary upsetting-extruding section II, 4, an extrusion section and 5, a forming section.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by, but is not limited to, the following examples.
Example (b): a method for forming a preform of a cylindrical helical gear having a helix angle of 45 deg.
The preform forming method comprises the steps of: preparing a sample by feeding a rod, performing torsional deformation, cutting a torsional rod and performing rotary upsetting-extrusion deformation;
(1) preparing a sample by using a lower rod:
blanking according to the forging drawing of the bevel gear, the forging process requirement and the principle that the volume is not changed, and preparing a torsional deformation sample according to the GB/T10128-2007 national standard;
(2) torsional deformation:
firstly, a power switch of a main engine of the torsion machine is turned on, after the system to be tested finishes self-checking of the power, a button of 'torque zero clearing' and 'torsion angle zero clearing' is pressed, then the type of the chuck bushing of the used clamping block is determined according to the shape of the sample, the V-shaped clamping block is used as the circular clamping part of the sample, the square clamping block is used as the circular milling flat clamping part, when the test of the circular sample is carried out, directly placing the sample between the two V-shaped clamping blocks, respectively screwing the clamping screws at the two sides of the chuck by using a special spanner until the sample is positioned at the central position of the chuck, then clamping the other end of the sample by using the same method, when the square clamping block is used, the specification of the square clamping block and the specification of the chuck bush are determined according to the size of the clamping part of the sample by using the chuck bush, after the clamping block and the bush are selected, placing a chuck lining and a square clamping block into the twisting chucks at two sides, placing a sample into the middle, and screwing the clamping blocks by using a special spanner;
after a sample is assembled, if a torque value displayed on a torque display window is not zero, a mechanical zero setting key is pressed, the numerical value from a hand wheel at the input end of a speed reducer to the torque display window on a control panel is adjusted to be zero, the mechanical zero setting key is released, a torsion angle is pressed for zero clearing, after all preparation work is done, a torque range is selected, the selection principle is that the theoretical maximum torque of the sample is 60% of a selected gear, the torsion speed is selected according to the material and the production process of the manufactured gear, the torsion deformation of the sample is carried out according to the GB/T10128-2007 metal material room temperature torsion test method until the torsion deformation is finished, one end is firstly removed, the other end is then taken, and the test is finished;
(3) cutting a twisted bar:
cutting the sample after torsion according to the standard of a pre-extrusion sample deformed by rotary upsetting-extrusion, wherein the pre-extrusion sample is a cylindrical bar with the diameter of 20mm and the length of 75 mm;
a rotary upsetting-extruding forming die used for rotary upsetting-extruding deformation is shown in figures 1-3, and is structurally schematic, the rotary upsetting-extruding forming die consists of a punch and a forming die, a channel of the forming die consists of an extruding section 1, a forming section 5 and an extruding section 4, and the forming section 5 consists of a rotary upsetting-extruding section I2 and a rotary upsetting-extruding section II 3;
the extrusion section 1 is an equal-diameter channel, the cross section of the extrusion section 1 is circular, the diameter is 20mm, and the length of the extrusion section 1 is 100 mm;
the rotary upsetting-extruding I section 2 is connected with the extruding section 1 and the rotary upsetting-extruding II section 3, the connecting end face of the rotary upsetting-extruding I section 2 and the extruding section 1 is circular, the diameter of the connecting end face is 20mm, the connecting end face of the rotary upsetting-extruding I section 2 and the rotary upsetting-extruding II section 3 is equilateral octagon, the diameter of an external circle of the equilateral octagon is 25mm, the center point of the circular shape and the center point of the equilateral octagon are located on the central axis of the rotary upsetting-extruding I section 2, and the length of the rotary upsetting-extruding I section 2 is 20 mm.
The rotary upsetting-extruding section II 3 is connected with the rotary upsetting-extruding section I2 and the extruding section 4, the connecting end face of the rotary upsetting-extruding section II 3 and the rotary upsetting-extruding section I2 is an equilateral octagon, the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the equilateral octagon is 25mm, the connecting end face of the rotary upsetting-extruding section II 3 and the extruding section 4 is circular, the diameter of the rotary upsetting-extruding section II is 16mm, the central point of the equilateral octagon and the central point of the circular shape are located on the central axis of the rotary upsetting-extruding section II 3, and the length of the rotary upsetting-extruding section II 3 is 20 mm.
The extrusion section 4 is an equal-diameter channel, the cross section of the extrusion section 4 is circular, the diameter of the extrusion section 4 is 16mm, and the length of the extrusion section 4 is 25 mm.
The cross section of the forming section 5 is transited from a circle to an equilateral octagon and then transited from the equilateral octagon to the circle, 8 spiral curves are arranged on the channel wall of the forming section 5, and the intersection angle of the tangent line of the spiral curve at the cross section of the equilateral octagon and the cross section of the equilateral octagon is 45 degrees;
(4) deformation by rotary upsetting and extrusion
The rotary upsetting-extruding forming die is adopted to realize rotary upsetting-extruding deformation, and comprises the following steps:
step one, preparation: cleaning the outer surface of the pre-extrusion sample and the inner wall of the channel of the section die, and smearing an extrusion lubricant on the outer surface of the pre-extrusion sample and the inner wall of the channel of the section die;
step two, assembling: placing the pre-extruded sample in an extrusion section 1 of a section die, wherein one end of a punch is connected to a clamping fixed end of an extrusion device, and the other end of the punch is an extrusion working end and is in contact with an extrusion end face of the pre-extruded sample;
step three, extrusion molding: starting an extrusion device, extruding the pre-extruded sample by a punch at an extrusion speed of 8mm/s, closing the extrusion device when the extrusion working end surface of the punch is overlapped with the lower end surface of an extrusion section 1, stopping the extrusion operation of the punch, starting the extrusion device again, lifting the punch at a speed of 15mm/s, placing a second pre-extruded sample in the extrusion section 1 of a section die when the punch is completely out of a passage of the section die, starting the extrusion device, extruding the second pre-extruded sample by the punch at an extrusion speed of 8mm/s, closing the extrusion device when the extrusion end surface of the punch is overlapped with the lower end surface of the extrusion section 1 of the section die, stopping the extrusion operation of the punch, starting the extrusion device again, lifting the punch at a speed of 15mm/s, extruding the first pre-extruded sample by the second pre-extruded sample out of an extrusion die passage, and sequentially deforming the first pre-extruded sample through a circle, an equilateral triangle and a circle, completing the rotary upsetting-extruding deformation of the first pre-extruded sample;
step four, subsequent extrusion: and repeating the third step to finish the rotary upsetting-extruding deformation of more pre-extruded samples.
The invention aims to provide a method for forming a preformed blank of a cylindrical helical gear, which mainly adopts a reliable forming mode of the preformed blank of the cylindrical helical gear for realizing grain refinement, gradient micro-nano grain distribution reconstruction and optimized metal fiber streamline distribution by combining torsional deformation and rotary upsetting-extruding deformation, improves the comprehensive mechanical property of a preformed blank material and meets the requirements of scientific research and production in material science engineering. By changing the technological parameters and the shape and the size of the die, the specific implementation mode is unchanged, the forming requirements of the pre-forms of the cylindrical helical gears with different specifications and sizes are met, and more forming embodiments are inconvenient to win.
Claims (4)
1. A method of forming a cylindrical helical gear preform comprising the steps of: preparing a sample by feeding a rod, performing torsional deformation, cutting a torsional rod and performing rotary upsetting-extrusion deformation, wherein the step of cutting the torsional rod is to cut the sample according to the standard of a pre-extruded sample subjected to the torsional upsetting-extrusion deformation, the pre-extruded sample is a cylindrical rod, and the diameter of the pre-extruded sample is D1Length 0.75L, characterized in that:
the rotary upsetting-extruding forming die used for the rotary upsetting-extruding deformation consists of a punch and a forming die, a channel of the forming die consists of an extruding section, a forming section and an extruding section, and the forming section consists of a rotary upsetting-extruding I section and a rotary upsetting-extruding II section;
the extrusion section is an equal-diameter channel, the cross section of the extrusion section is circular, and the diameter of the extrusion section is D1The length of the extrusion section is L;
the rotary upsetting-extruding I section is connected with the extruding section and the rotary upsetting-extruding II section, the connecting end surface of the rotary upsetting-extruding I section and the extruding section is circular, and the diameter of the connecting end surface is D1The connecting end surface of the rotary upsetting-extruding section I and the rotary upsetting-extruding section II is an equilateral octagon, and the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the equilateral octagon is D2The center point of the circle and the center point of the equilateral octagon are positioned on the central axis of the rotary upsetting-extruding I section, and the length of the rotary upsetting-extruding I section is M;
the rotary upsetting-extruding section II is connected with the rotary upsetting-extruding section I and the extruding section, the connected end surface of the rotary upsetting-extruding section II and the rotary upsetting-extruding section I is an equilateral octagon, and the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the equilateral octagon is D2The connecting end surface of the rotary upsetting-extruding section II and the extruding section is circular, and the diameter is D3The central point of the equilateral octagon and the central point of the circle are positioned on the central axis of the rotary upsetting-extruding section II, and the length of the rotary upsetting-extruding section II is M;
the extrusion section is an equal-diameter channel, the cross section of the extrusion section is circular, and the diameter of the extrusion section is D3The length of the extrusion section is N;
the cross section of the forming section is transited from a circle to an equilateral octagon and then transited from the equilateral octagon to the circle, 8 spiral curves are arranged on the channel wall of the forming section, and the intersection angle of the tangent line of the spiral curve at the cross section of the equilateral octagon and the cross section of the equilateral octagon is α;
said D2＞D1＞D3，L＞N＞2M，L≥0.75(N+2M)；
Said α being complementary to the helix angle of the cylindrical helical gear to be formed.
2. A method of forming a cylindrical helical gear according to claim 1, wherein: the lower rod sample can be blanked according to the forging drawing of the bevel gear, the forging process requirement and the principle that the volume is not changed, and a torsional deformation sample is prepared according to the GB/T10128-2007 national standard.
3. A method of forming a cylindrical helical gear according to claim 1, wherein: the torsional deformation comprises the following steps:
firstly, a power switch of a main engine of the torsion machine is turned on, after the system to be tested finishes self-checking of the power, a button of 'torque zero clearing' and 'torsion angle zero clearing' is pressed, then the type of the chuck bushing of the used clamping block is determined according to the shape of the sample, the V-shaped clamping block is used as the circular clamping part of the sample, the square clamping block is used as the circular milling flat clamping part, when the test of the circular sample is carried out, directly placing the sample between the two V-shaped clamping blocks, respectively screwing the clamping screws at the two sides of the chuck by using a special spanner until the sample is positioned at the central position of the chuck, then clamping the other end of the sample by using the same method, when the square clamping block is used, the specification of the square clamping block and the specification of the chuck bush are determined according to the size of the clamping part of the sample by using the chuck bush, after the clamping block and the bush are selected, placing a chuck lining and a square clamping block into the twisting chucks at two sides, placing a sample into the middle, and screwing the clamping blocks by using a special spanner;
after the sample is assembled, if the torque value displayed on the torque display window is not zero, a mechanical zero setting key is pressed, the numerical value from a hand wheel at the input end of the speed reducer to the torque display window on the control panel is adjusted to be zero, the mechanical zero setting key is released, and a torsion angle is pressed to be reset;
after the preparation work is completely done, selecting a torque range according to the principle that the theoretical maximum torque of the sample is 60% -70% of the selected gear, selecting the torsion speed according to the material and the production process of the gear to be manufactured, carrying out torsion deformation on the sample according to the GB/T10128-2007 metal material room temperature torsion test method until the torsion deformation is finished, removing one end, then taking the other end, and finishing the test.
4. A method of forming a cylindrical helical gear according to claim 1, wherein: the rotary upsetting-extruding deformation comprises the following steps:
step one, preparation: cleaning the outer surface of the pre-extrusion sample and the inner wall of the channel of the section die, and smearing an extrusion lubricant on the outer surface of the pre-extrusion sample and the inner wall of the channel of the section die;
step two, assembling: placing the pre-extruded sample in an extrusion section of a section die, wherein one end of a punch is connected to a clamping fixed end of an extrusion device, and the other end of the punch is an extrusion working end and is in contact with an extrusion end face of the pre-extruded sample;
step three, extrusion molding: starting an extrusion device, extruding the pre-extruded sample by a punch at an extrusion speed of 1-10 mm/s, closing the extrusion device when the extrusion working end surface of the punch is overlapped with the lower end surface of an extrusion section, stopping the extrusion operation of the punch, starting the extrusion device again, lifting the punch at a speed of 10-20 mm/s, placing a second pre-extruded sample in the extrusion section of a section die when the punch completely comes out of a channel of the section die, starting the extrusion device, extruding the second pre-extruded sample by the punch at an extrusion speed of 1-10 mm/s, closing the extrusion device when the extrusion end surface of the punch is overlapped with the lower end surface of the extrusion section of the section die, stopping the extrusion operation of the punch, starting the extrusion device again, lifting the punch at a speed of 10-20 mm/s, extruding the first pre-extruded sample by the second pre-extruded sample out of an extrusion die channel, and sequentially deforming the first pre-extruded sample through a circle, an octagon and a circle, completing the rotary upsetting-extruding deformation of the first pre-extruded sample;
step four, subsequent extrusion: and repeating the third step to finish the rotary upsetting-extruding deformation of more pre-extruded samples.
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