CN108239998A - A kind of underwater bridge structure and its construction method - Google Patents
A kind of underwater bridge structure and its construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108239998A CN108239998A CN201710683946.6A CN201710683946A CN108239998A CN 108239998 A CN108239998 A CN 108239998A CN 201710683946 A CN201710683946 A CN 201710683946A CN 108239998 A CN108239998 A CN 108239998A
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- Prior art keywords
- underwater
- cushion cap
- immersed tube
- tunnel
- tube tunnel
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/063—Tunnels submerged into, or built in, open water
- E02D29/067—Floating tunnels; Submerged bridge-like tunnels, i.e. tunnels supported by piers or the like above the water-bed
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D15/00—Handling building or like materials for hydraulic engineering or foundations
- E02D15/08—Sinking workpieces into water or soil inasmuch as not provided for elsewhere
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
- E02D27/10—Deep foundations
- E02D27/12—Pile foundations
- E02D27/14—Pile framings, i.e. piles assembled to form the substructure
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
- E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
- E02D27/52—Submerged foundations, i.e. submerged in open water
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2200/00—Geometrical or physical properties
- E02D2200/16—Shapes
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of underwater bridge structures and its construction method, the structure to include：Underwater cushion cap stake (3), underwater cushion cap (4) and immersed tube tunnel (5)；Wherein, one end of the underwater cushion cap stake (3), adaptation are mounted in marine rock layer (2)；The other end of the underwater cushion cap stake (3), adaptation are installed on the bottom of the underwater cushion cap (4)；The immersed tube tunnel (5), adaptation are installed on the top of the underwater cushion cap (4), are carried by the underwater cushion cap (4), and at the following set depth of the water surface of seawater (1).The solution of the present invention can overcome that, adaptability big to influence to channel be poor in the prior art and the defects of complicated construction technique, realize that, adaptability small to influence to channel be good and the simple advantageous effect of construction technology.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to underwater high-speed propulsion fields, and in particular to a kind of underwater bridge structure and its construction method.
Background technology
With science and technology progress, various countries across river, the arrangement and method for construction of Sea-Crossing Passage, be no longer limited only to pass
The methods of bridge construction and constructing tunnel of system, has emerged many novel arrangement and method for construction.And in tunnel field, in addition to mine
Other than method, cofferdam cut and cover method, shield method, immersed tunnelling method is also obtaining a large amount of application in recent years.Even, also some experts and scholars
The concept of " unit of Archimedes bridge " is proposed, more enriches the technical concept across river, Sea-Crossing Passage construction.These technologies are great
The progress across basin transport development is promoted, but also all there is respective limitations.
With a long history, the technology maturation across river, sea-spanning bridge con struction, and landscape is good, has certain travel value.But across
Often there are safety is poor, the influence of easy climate causes bridge round-the-clock cannot to pass through, and can generate shadow to navigation channel for extra large bridge
It rings.
Therefore when the relatively deepwater regions of main channel are constructed, the mode of generally use constructing tunnel can ensure
Sea-Crossing Passage is not influenced by harsh weather, and channel itself does not interfere with the navigation safety of ship.But whether using shield
Structure method or immersed tunnelling method also have its own unavoidable weakness.
For shield tunnel, at least following problem：
(1) it is poor in the changeable section adaptability of cross dimensions.
(2) novel shield purchase commodity is expensive, and the engineering short to Work sectors is less economical.
(3) the circular cross section utilization rate of shield construction is not high, and can only set two-way traffic, is unfavorable for building for big Channel Engineering
If.
And for immersed tunnelling method tunnel, in the main construction work such as foundation trench excavation, basement process, foundation construction, covering backfill
Many problems are equally existed in sequence, such as：
(1) foundation trench excavated volume is big, excavates difficulty height, long construction period, construction cost height.
(2) in terms of basement process, the special blotter laying ship for needing leveling precision very high is constructed, to rubble
The design accuracy of bed course is high, and laying scale and difficulty are big, and operating condition (being influenced by sea area condition) requires high.
(3) in terms of foundation construction, high, construction operation operating mode complexity is required the technology of construction worker, and construction is difficult
Degree.
(4) in terms of backfill is covered, special covering being needed to backfill equipment and is constructed, execution conditions are complicated, difficulty is big,
Long construction period, it is of high cost.
(5) complicated construction technique before immersed tube tunnel sinking, difficulty of construction are big, of high cost.
(6) type of heavy construction equipment is more, and construction precision requirement is high, and adaptability for working condition requirement in marine site is high, and it is transported
And the period of installation is long.
(7) it is influenced by marine site operating mode, with the lengthening of time, immersed tube tunnel pipeline section will appear different degrees of uneven
Sedimentation, and remedial measure is difficult.
In short, at this stage, the construction technology process in tunnel not can solve its own problem still.
And " unit of Archimedes bridge " concept is mentioned before, it is lacked although compensating for the certain of bridge and tunnel in theory
Point, such as：
(1) unit of Archimedes bridge is a kind of environmentally friendly technology scheme, and the influence to two sides landforms is very small.
(2) due to by means of power of nature --- buoyancy, once technology maturation, the same bridge of unit of Archimedes bridge, tunnel phase
Than having cost advantage, because the cost of its unit length does not increase with the increase of span.
(3) technically unit of Archimedes bridge is not limited by span and the depth of water, can build long span, water level depth, precipitous ground in
Side.In addition to this, unit of Archimedes bridge also has certain travel value for exploitation.
But the concept of unit of Archimedes bridge equally has its apparent limitation, such as：
First, precisely due to the stability of unit of Archimedes bridge is poor.Since floatation suspension must be relied in water, Jin Jinyi
By the fixation of anchor cable, the stability that certainly will lead to unit of Archimedes bridge is poor, is easily influenced by ocean current and tsunami.
Secondly, for the safety of the anchorage style and anchor structure of unit of Archimedes bridge, flow between solid soil
Research in terms of interaction, vortex-induced vibration (VIV) can occur under flow action for anchor system, for anchor cable on sea bed
Fixing intensity has a significant impact.
In terms of engineering technology angle, the design of unit of Archimedes bridge will also encounter many new problems with building.Such as：Material selects
It selects；The structure type of anchor system；Bridge bank type of attachment；Service condition and dynamic response and structure safety.
In addition, since it is under wave loadings effect, the fatigue problem and material corrosion Problem of Failure of anchor cable are even more intractable
Problem.
As it can be seen that in the prior art, there is the defects of poor, adaptability big to influence to channel and complicated construction technique.
Invention content
It is an object of the present invention in view of the foregoing drawbacks, a kind of underwater bridge structure and its construction method are provided, it is existing to solve
There is the problem of underwater bridge is big to influence to channel in technology, achieve the effect that small to influence to channel.
The present invention provides a kind of underwater bridge structure, including：Underwater cushion cap stake, underwater cushion cap and immersed tube tunnel；Wherein, it is described
One end of underwater cushion cap stake, adaptation are mounted in marine rock layer；The other end of the underwater cushion cap stake, adaptation are installed on described
The bottom of underwater cushion cap；The immersed tube tunnel, adaptation are installed on the top of the underwater cushion cap, are carried by the underwater cushion cap,
And at the following set depth of the water surface of seawater.
Optionally, between the underwater cushion cap and the immersed tube tunnel, installation is adapted to by hinged or affixed mode.
Optionally, the quantity of the underwater cushion cap stake is more than one.
Optionally, more than one described underwater cushion cap stake, as the strutbeam of the underwater cushion cap and/or the shape of continuous beam
Formula is adapted to installation with the underwater cushion cap.
Optionally, the cross-sectional structure of the underwater cushion cap stake, rounded, oval, rectangle, square at least
One of；And/or the cross-sectional structure of the underwater cushion cap, be rectangle, spill, circle, it is I-shaped, in convex at least it
One；And/or the cross-sectional structure of the immersed tube tunnel, it is rectangle, square, ellipse, at least one of polygon.
Optionally, when the cross-sectional structure of the immersed tube tunnel is in the polygon, the cross section of the immersed tube tunnel
Structure, including：The polygon tunnel wall and adaptation that are symmetrical set are set to first inside the polygon tunnel wall
Tunnel chamber, the second tunnel chamber and third tunnel chamber；Wherein, first tunnel chamber and third tunnel chamber, are symmetrically distributed in
The left and right sides of second tunnel chamber；And/or the space amount of housing of first tunnel chamber, less than second tunnel chamber
The space amount of housing.
Optionally, the immersed tube tunnel merogenesis setting；The underwater cushion cap, positioned at pair of immersed tube tunnel described in two adjacent sections
The place of connecing or at the position of centre of gravity for often saving the immersed tube tunnel.
Matching with above structure, the present invention separately additionally provides a kind of construction method of underwater bridge structure with aspect, including：
For setting up above-described underwater bridge structure, construction method includes：By underwater pile diver the marine rock layer into
Row piling work squeezes into the prefabricated underwater cushion cap stake in the marine rock layer；The underwater cushion cap is fixed on institute
It states in underwater cushion cap stake；After the immersed tube tunnel haul to construction marine site finished by barge by prefabricated, using it is floating refute hang it is heavy
Method technique carries out sinking；The pipeline section of the immersed tube tunnel is docked using underwater construction equipment, after docking, is recycled
Underwater construction equipment completes the pipeline section of the immersed tube tunnel and the fixation of the underwater cushion cap；
After the laying for completing presently described immersed tube tunnel, into the work progress of next immersed tube tunnel, with completion pair
The construction of the underwater bridge structure.
Optionally, it further includes：It is described the underwater cushion cap is fixed in the underwater cushion cap stake during, pass through
The relative altitude of the underwater cushion cap stake and the underwater cushion cap is adjusted, makes the bottom of seawater described in the underwater bridge Structure adaptation
Structure.
Optionally, heavy method technique progress sinking is hung using floating refute, including：When the immersed tube tunnel is more piece, make every section
The multiple suspension centres of mounting of roof plate of the immersed tube tunnel refute vertical connection with floating, floating to refute drinking water generation buoyancy, control the immersed tube tunnel
The sinking and posture in road.
Optionally, the sinking and posture of the immersed tube tunnel are controlled, including：Sinking watching is divided into the action of multistep sinking,
Often after the completion of the action of step sinking, pipeline section position and the posture of the immersed tube tunnel are adjusted, and monitor the posture of the immersed tube tunnel
Variation just carries out next step sinking action when the attitude stabilization degree of the immersed tube tunnel meets given threshold；It is until final
It will be on the Pipe Sinking of the immersed tube tunnel to the underwater cushion cap.
Optionally, heavy method technique progress sinking is hung using floating refute, further included：In the sinking of the control immersed tube tunnel
And during posture, the pipeline section and the underwater cushion cap of the immersed tube tunnel are positioned.
The solution of the present invention, by changing the layout type of traditional bridge and tunnel, so as to avoid the shadow to navigation channel
It rings.
Further, the solution of the present invention by new cushion cap and immersed tube tunnel combining form, changes traditional immersed tube tunnel
The combining form in road and ground enormously simplifies the construction technology of immersed tube tunnel, reduces construction equipment type, improves construction
Efficiency and quality；The problem of for traditional immersed tube tunnel pipeline section differential settlement, good solution is also obtained.
The solution of the present invention as a result, by by immersed tube tunnel sinking, fixed cushion cap under water, to reach immersed tube tunnel
There is the purpose of rock-steady structure in seabed, solve the problems, such as that underwater bridge is big to influence to channel in the prior art, so as to overcome existing
There is in technology, adaptability big to influence to channel poor and the defects of complicated construction technique, realize the small, adaptability to influence to channel
The good and simple advantageous effect of construction technology.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be illustrated in the following description, also, partly becomes from specification
It obtains it is clear that being understood by implementing the present invention.
Below by drawings and examples, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of the combining form of an embodiment of the underwater bridge structure of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the section structure diagram of an embodiment of the underwater bridge structure of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the circular cross-section structure diagram of an embodiment of underwater cushion cap stake in underwater bridge structure of the invention；
Fig. 4 is the elliptical sectional structure schematic diagram of an embodiment of underwater cushion cap stake in underwater bridge structure of the invention；
Fig. 5 is the rectangular cross-sectional structure diagram of an embodiment of underwater cushion cap stake in underwater bridge structure of the invention；
Fig. 6 is the square cross-sectional configuration schematic diagram of an embodiment of underwater cushion cap stake in underwater bridge structure of the invention；
Fig. 7 is the rectangular cross-sectional structure diagram of an embodiment of underwater cushion cap in underwater bridge structure of the invention；
Fig. 8 is the circular cross-section structure diagram of an embodiment of underwater cushion cap in underwater bridge structure of the invention；
Fig. 9 is the concave cross section structure diagram of an embodiment of underwater cushion cap in underwater bridge structure of the invention；
Figure 10 is the convex shape section structure diagram of an embodiment of underwater cushion cap in underwater bridge structure of the invention；
Figure 11 is the rectangular cross-sectional structure diagram of an embodiment of immersed tube tunnel in underwater bridge structure of the invention；
Figure 12 is the square cross-sectional configuration schematic diagram of an embodiment of immersed tube tunnel in underwater bridge structure of the invention；
Figure 13 is the elliptical sectional structure schematic diagram of an embodiment of immersed tube tunnel in underwater bridge structure of the invention.
With reference to attached drawing, reference numeral is as follows in the embodiment of the present invention：
1- seawater；2- marine rock layers；The underwater cushion cap stakes of 3-；The underwater cushion caps of 4-；5- immersed tube tunnels.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with the specific embodiment of the invention and
Technical solution of the present invention is clearly and completely described in corresponding attached drawing.Obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention one
Section Example, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not doing
Go out all other embodiments obtained under the premise of creative work, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Of the existing technology to solve the problems, such as, patent of the present invention proposes a kind of new underwater construction mode, i.e., under water
The form of bridge.The program combines the advantages of bridge is with tunnel and " unit of Archimedes bridge ", while in turn avoids traditional bridge pair
The influence in navigation channel and harsh weather is not suitable with, has broken away from shield tunnel in the changeable section adaptability difference of cross dimensions
Shortcoming also solves traditional immersed tube tunnel complex process, the problem of construction equipment type is more, and not by similar to " A Ji
The influence of the anchor cable problem of Mead bridge ".
According to an embodiment of the invention, a kind of underwater bridge structure is provided, belongs to field of civil engineering, particularly with regard to
The underwater sinking technique of immersed tube tunnel and the structure design of underwater cushion cap, can solve applying across river, bridge over strait and tunnel
The various problems encountered during work.The underwater bridge structure can include：Underwater cushion cap stake 3, underwater cushion cap 4 and immersed tube tunnel 5.
Such as：The structure of the underwater bridge is mainly made of underwater cushion cap stake 3 and underwater cushion cap 4 and immersed tube tunnel 5.
In an optional example, one end of the underwater cushion cap stake 3, adaptation is mounted in marine rock layer 2；The water
The other end of lower cushion cap stake 3, adaptation are installed on the bottom of the underwater cushion cap 4.Such as：Underwater cushion cap stake 3 and marine rock layer 2
Fixation is integrally formed.
Optionally, the quantity of the underwater cushion cap stake 3 is more than one.
Such as：The quantity of underwater cushion cap stake 3 is also not necessarily 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 etc., it is also possible to other quantity.
As a result, by multiple underwater cushion cap stakes, its flexibility and reliability to underwater cushion cap bearing mode can be promoted.
In an optional specific example, more than one described underwater cushion cap stake 3, the strutbeam as the underwater cushion cap 4
And/or the form of continuous beam, it is adapted to installation with the underwater cushion cap 4.
Such as：The mounting means of underwater cushion cap 4 and immersed tube tunnel 5 is also not limited to the mode of simply supported beam and continuous beam.
As a result, by the mounting means such as strutbeam, continuous beam between underwater cushion cap and immersed tube tunnel, underwater cushion cap can be promoted
To the reliability and convenience of immersed tube tunnel support.
Optionally, the cross-sectional structure of the underwater cushion cap stake 3, rounded, oval, rectangle, square in extremely
It is one of few.
Such as：The contour structures of underwater cushion cap stake 3 are not necessarily round or oval, rectangle, square
Deng.
As a result, by the underwater cushion cap stake of diversified forms, flexibility that is prefabricated to underwater cushion cap stake and using can be promoted
And convenience.
Optionally, the cross-sectional structure of the underwater cushion cap 4, be rectangle, spill, circle, in I-shaped, convex extremely
It is one of few.
Such as：Contour structures not necessarily Fig. 1 of underwater cushion cap 4 and rectangle shown in Fig. 2, can be spills,
It can also be cylindrical, I-shaped, even convex etc..
As a result, by the underwater cushion cap of diversified forms, can be promoted to underwater bearing platform prefabrication and the flexibility used and just
Victory.
In an optional example, the immersed tube tunnel 5, adaptation is installed on the top of the underwater cushion cap 4, by the water
Lower cushion cap 4 carries, and at the following set depth of the water surface of seawater 1.Such as：5 sinking of immersed tube tunnel under water on cushion cap 4 simultaneously
Connection is fixed.
Such as：The underwater bridge structure, is mainly made of underwater cushion cap stake 3 and underwater cushion cap 4 and immersed tube tunnel 5, passes through
Immersed tube tunnel 5 is placed on cushion cap 4 under water and fixed, to achieve the purpose that immersed tube tunnel has rock-steady structure in seabed；
So as to form the bridge structure being laid under water.
As a result, by the way that by immersed tube tunnel sinking, fixed cushion cap under water, there is stabilization in seabed to reach immersed tube tunnel
Structure, and the underwater bridge of the type is suitable for that span is larger, water level is deeper etc. and is not suitable for the region in bridge construction, tunnel, and with adapting to sea
The characteristics of bottom complicated landform landforms, and navigation safety is not interfered with, it is not influenced by harsh weather, has the round-the-clock traffic capacity.
Optionally, between the underwater cushion cap 4 and the immersed tube tunnel 5, installation is adapted to by hinged or affixed mode.
Such as：The mounting means of underwater cushion cap 4 and immersed tube tunnel 5, the mounting means being also not limited in Fig. 1 can be adopted
With the forms such as hinged, affixed.
As a result, by a variety of connection modes between underwater cushion cap and immersed tube tunnel, the reliability of its connection can be promoted
And safety, and connection mode is flexibly adjustable.
Optionally, 5 merogenesis of the immersed tube tunnel setting.The underwater cushion cap 4, positioned at immersed tube tunnel 5 described in two adjacent sections
Docking at or at the position of centre of gravity for often saving the immersed tube tunnel 5.
Such as：The installation site of underwater cushion cap (4), can be not limited in the junction of immersed tube tunnel (5) or center of gravity position
Put place.
As a result, by the special setting of link position between underwater cushion cap and immersed tube tunnel, underwater cushion cap pair can be promoted
The reliability of immersed tube tunnel support and safety.
Optionally, the cross-sectional structure of the immersed tube tunnel 5, be rectangle, square, ellipse, in polygon extremely
It is one of few.
Such as：The shape of immersed tube tunnel 5 shape not necessarily shown in Fig. 2, can be rectangle, it is also possible to just
It is rectangular, ellipse etc..
As a result, by the immersed tube tunnel of diversified forms, flexibility that is prefabricated to immersed tube tunnel and using and just can be promoted
Victory and the reliability of vehicle pass-through.
It is described heavy when the cross-sectional structure of the immersed tube tunnel 5 is in the polygon in an optional specific example
The cross-sectional structure in pipe tunnel 5 can include：The polygon tunnel wall and adaptation being symmetrical set are set to described more
The first tunnel chamber, the second tunnel chamber and third tunnel chamber inside the shape tunnel wall of side.
Wherein, first tunnel chamber and third tunnel chamber are symmetrically distributed in the left and right two of second tunnel chamber
Side；And/or the space amount of housing of first tunnel chamber, less than the space amount of housing of second tunnel chamber.
Such as：First tunnel chamber and third tunnel chamber, why space is less than the second tunnel chamber, is due to the two tunnels
Chamber does not undertake the task of train operation, is only intended to place electrical equipment and is used as escape truck, does not need to be too big
Space.And the second tunnel chamber, then for running train, so space is relatively large.
For another example：Tunnel present polygonal crosssection, have chamfering (such as：Four chamferings shown in Fig. 2), be in order to
Enough ocean current impacts for preferably adapting to side, the ocean current that chamfering is conducive to guide side is shunted to upper and lower both sides, so as to mitigate side
The impact force in face.
Pass through multiple tunnel chambers and the safety for being adapted to setting, on the one hand can ensureing vehicle of polygon tunnel wall as a result,
It is current, it on the other hand can mitigate own wt, mitigate underwater cushion cap stake and the heavy burden of underwater cushion cap, be conducive to promote its use
Life and reliability.
As it can be seen that the underwater bridge structure of the present invention, combines the advantages of bridge is with tunnel and " unit of Archimedes bridge ", together
When in turn avoid influence of traditional bridge to navigation channel and harsh weather be not suitable with, it is more in cross dimensions to have broken away from shield tunnel
The shortcomings that section adaptability of change is poor also solves traditional immersed tube tunnel complex process, the problem of construction equipment type is more, and
And it is not influenced by the stability and anchor cable problem of similar " unit of Archimedes bridge ".
Through a large amount of verification experimental verification, technical solution using the present invention, by new cushion cap and immersed tube tunnel combining form,
The combining form of traditional immersed tube tunnel and ground is changed, enormously simplifies the construction technology of immersed tube tunnel, reduces construction
Device category improves construction efficiency and quality.It the problem of for traditional immersed tube tunnel pipeline section differential settlement, has also obtained very
Good solution.
According to an embodiment of the invention, a kind of construction party of underwater bridge structure corresponding to underwater bridge structure is additionally provided
Method.The construction method of the underwater bridge structure can be used for setting up above-described underwater bridge structure, and construction method can wrap
It includes：
Step 1 carries out piling work by underwater pile diver in the marine rock layer 2, described is held prefabricated under water
Platform stake 3 is squeezed into the marine rock layer 2.
The underwater cushion cap 4 is fixed in the underwater cushion cap stake 3 by step 2.
Step 3, after the prefabricated immersed tube tunnel 5 finished is hauled construction marine site by barge, using it is floating refute hang it is heavy
Method technique carries out sinking.
In an optional example, heavy method technique progress sinking is hung using floating refute in step 3, can be included：When described heavy
When pipe tunnel 5 is more piece, make the multiple suspension centres of mounting of roof plate of every section immersed tube tunnel 5, vertical connection is refuted with floating, it is floating to refute drinking water
Buoyancy is generated, controls the sinking and posture of the immersed tube tunnel 5.
By using multiple suspension centres float as a result, and refute formula sinking, sinking stability is good, safety is good.
Optionally, the sinking and posture of the immersed tube tunnel 5 are controlled, can be included：Sinking watching is divided into multistep sinking
Action after the completion of often walking sinking action, adjusts pipeline section position and the posture of the immersed tube tunnel 5, and monitor the immersed tube tunnel 5
Attitudes vibration, next step sinking action is just carried out when the attitude stabilization degree of the immersed tube tunnel 5 meets given threshold；Directly
To most at last on the Pipe Sinking of the immersed tube tunnel 5 to the underwater cushion cap 4.
As a result, by gradually sinking, it can be further ensured that the stability of prefabricated component, can also ensure the safety of sinking operation
Property, reliability is high, and hommization is good.
In an optional example, heavy method technique progress sinking is hung using floating refute in step 3, can also be included：Described
During the sinking and posture that control the immersed tube tunnel 5, to the pipeline section of the immersed tube tunnel 5 and the underwater cushion cap 4 into
Row positioning.
As a result, by being positioned, being conducive to promote the stability of sinking and subsequently being docked accurate during sinking
Property and reliability.
Step 4 docks the pipeline section of the immersed tube tunnel 5 using underwater construction equipment, after docking, recycles
Underwater construction equipment completes the pipeline section of the immersed tube tunnel 5 and the fixation of the underwater cushion cap 4.
Step 5, after completing the laying of presently described immersed tube tunnel 5, into the work progress of next immersed tube tunnel 5,
To complete the construction to the underwater bridge structure.
As a result, by the operation and installation to prefabricated underwater cushion cap stake, underwater cushion cap and immersed tube tunnel, frame can be obtained
If underwater bridge structure, form of construction work is easy, small to influence to channel, and it is good to set up the underwater bridge structural stability of gained, adapts to ring
Border ability is strong.
In an optional embodiment, it can also include：The underwater cushion cap 4 is fixed on institute in the step 2
During stating in underwater cushion cap stake 3, by adjusting the underwater cushion cap stake 3 and the relative altitude of the underwater cushion cap 4, make institute
State the bottom structure of seawater 1 described in underwater bridge Structure adaptation.
As a result, by adjusting the relative altitude of underwater cushion cap and underwater cushion cap stake during piling, can preferably make
Underwater bridge Structure adaptation promotes its stability and antijamming capability in submarine structure.
In an optional specific example, the solution of the present invention, by designing a kind of novel underwater bridge structure, and will be heavy
In pipe tunnel sinking, fixed cushion cap under water, to achieve the purpose that immersed tube tunnel has rock-steady structure in seabed.The underwater bridge of the type
It is not suitable for the region in bridge construction, tunnel suitable for span is larger, water level is deeper etc., and with the spy for adapting to sea bottom complex terrain landforms
Point, and navigation safety is not interfered with, it is not influenced by harsh weather, has the round-the-clock traffic capacity.
In an optional specific example, the underwater bridge structure, mainly by underwater cushion cap stake 3 and underwater cushion cap 4 and heavy
Pipe tunnel 5 forms, and by placing on cushion cap 4 under water and fixing immersed tube tunnel 5, has to reach immersed tube tunnel in seabed
The purpose of rock-steady structure；So as to form the bridge structure being laid under water.
In an optional specific example, referring to Fig. 1 and example shown in Fig. 2, the structure of the underwater bridge is mainly by underwater
Cushion cap stake 3 is formed with underwater cushion cap 4 and immersed tube tunnel 5, and underwater cushion cap stake 3 is integrally formed with the fixation of marine rock layer 2, and immersed tube
5 sinking of tunnel on cushion cap 4 and connects fixation under water.This combining form instead of traditional immersed tube tunnel and ground combination shape
Formula.
Optionally, the contour structures of underwater cushion cap stake 3 are not necessarily round or oval, rectangle, pros
Shape etc., quantity are also not necessarily 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 etc., it is also possible to other quantity.
Such as：Example shown in Figure 3, the section of underwater cushion cap stake 3 is circle.
Such as：Example shown in Figure 4, the section of underwater cushion cap stake 3 can also be ellipse.
Such as：Example shown in Figure 5, the section of underwater cushion cap stake 3 can also be rectangle.
Such as：Example shown in Figure 6, the section of underwater cushion cap stake 3 can also be square etc..
That is, the section of underwater cushion cap stake 3, is not limited to above-mentioned several shapes.Which kind of, no matter using shape, all may be used
To be regarded as underwater cushion cap stake 3.
Optionally, contour structures not necessarily Fig. 1 of underwater cushion cap 4 and rectangle shown in Fig. 2, can be recessed
Shape or circle, I-shaped, even convex etc..
Such as：Example shown in Figure 7, the section of underwater cushion cap 4 can be rectangle.
Such as：Example shown in Figure 8, the section of underwater cushion cap 4 can be round.
Such as：Example shown in Figure 9, the section of underwater cushion cap 4 can be spill.
Such as：Example shown in Figure 10, the section of underwater cushion cap 4 can be convex.
That is, the section of underwater cushion cap 4, is not limited to above-mentioned several shapes.It no matter, can using which kind of shape
It is regarded as underwater cushion cap 4.
Optionally, the mounting means of underwater cushion cap 4 and immersed tube tunnel 5, the mounting means being also not limited in Fig. 1 can be with
Using the forms such as hinged, affixed, it is also not limited to the mode of simply supported beam and continuous beam.
Optionally, the shape of immersed tube tunnel 5 shape not necessarily shown in Fig. 2 can be rectangle, it is also possible to
Square, ellipse etc..
Such as：Example shown in Figure 11, the section of immersed tube tunnel 5 can be rectangle.
Such as：Example shown in Figure 12, the section of immersed tube tunnel 5 can be square.
Such as：Example shown in Figure 13, the section of immersed tube tunnel 5 can be ellipse.
As long as that is, underwater cushion cap stake 3, underwater cushion cap 4, immersed tube tunnel 5 combining form, be subjected to this hair
Bright protection (no matter construction profile, quantity, mounting means etc., all in protection domain).
Such as：Underwater cushion cap stake 3 of different shapes and underwater cushion cap 4, can be there are many combining form.It is primarily intended to table
Which kind of reach, no matter using the underwater cushion cap stake 3 of shape and underwater cushion cap 4, within this programme protection domain.
In an optional specific example, the work progress which sets up under water is as follows：
First, piling work is carried out in marine rock layer 2 by underwater pile diver, prefabricated underwater cushion cap stake 3 is squeezed into
In marine rock layer 2.Then underwater cushion cap 4 is fixed in cushion cap stake 3 under water.In the meantime, by adjusting underwater cushion cap stake 3
With the relative altitude of underwater cushion cap 4, come complete adjustment Track regularity purpose, so as to ensure that underwater bridge can adapt to sea
The landform of bottom complexity, landforms.
Such as：Since the topography and geomorphology in seabed is complicated, it is impossible to there is excessive gentle sea bed.Therefore, each section immersed tube
Relative altitude of the tunnel 5 apart from sea bed is all different, needs to adjust the driving depth of underwater cushion cap stake 3 to adjust immersed tube tunnel distance
Relative altitude apart from sea bed.As it can be seen that due to needing to adjust the driving depth of underwater cushion cap stake 3, so needing to adjust immersed tube tunnel
Road 5 arrives the relative altitude of sea bed.
Then, by barge will on the coast immersed tube (such as：Immersed tube tunnel 5) prefabricated place it is prefabricated finish immersed tube haul arrive
Construction marine site.After reaching sinking waters, heavy method technique progress sinking is hung using floating refute.Immersed tube 4 suspension centres of mounting of roof plate are often saved, with
It is floating to refute vertical connection, it is floating to refute drinking water generation buoyancy, control immersed tube sinking and posture.Sinking watching be divided into preliminary sinking, it is secondary under
Heavy, several steps such as sink three times.Will adjust pipeline section position and posture after the completion of each sinking action, by inclinator,
The monitoring of equipment immersed tube attitudes vibration such as GPS, aquatic bionic system.It can be carried out after after immersed tube attitude stabilization and meeting design requirement
Next action.Until most at last on immersed tube Pipe Sinking to underwater cushion cap 4.During this period, it needs to determine by special designing
Position mode completes the positioning of immersed tube pipeline section and underwater cushion cap 4.Then pipeline section is docked using underwater construction equipment, has been docked
Bi Hou recycles underwater construction equipment to complete the fixation of immersed tube pipeline section and cushion cap.Treat that FS final spice position Pipe Sinking has docked
Bi Hou, whole underwater immersed tube tunnel 5 are laid with and finish.And the work progress of next step is initially entered, it is finally completed underwater bridge
Construction.It is that automation equipment is completed, therefore be adapted to without the intervention of diver in entire sinking and docking operation
The construction in various marine sites.
Wherein, aquatic bionic system can be accomplished in several ways.Such as：Existing mature technology can be used, it is more
Immersed tube tunnel is seen to apply in the positioning during sinking.For example Guo builds text (middle the 5th engineering finite of Tie Shibaju groups public affairs
Department) it is published in《Railway standard designs》4th phase in 2013《The Main Construction Technique of Haihe River tunnel immersed tube sinking docking》One text
In, " by inclinator, GPS, aquatic bionic system monitoring immersed tube attitudes vibration " is just described, belongs to a kind of and is similar to underwater machine
The equipment of device people.
From the above process as can be seen that the special structure of underwater bridge, avoids traditional immersed tube tunnel in foundation trench excavation, ground
The problem of processing, foundation construction, covering backfill etc. encounter, can carry out rapid construction as ground bridge.
And by the fixation of cushion cap, " unit of Archimedes bridge " existing anchoring safety problem is in turn avoided, while have class
The advantages of being similar to " unit of Archimedes bridge ", is not limited by span and the depth of water, is not influenced ship and is passed through.Since underwater cushion cap 4 is logical
Underwater cushion cap stake 3 is crossed to be firmly installed in marine rock layer 2, and immersed tube tunnel 5 has been firmly fixed, therefore more than " A Ji
Mead bridge " is more secured, is influenced without worrying by tide, tsunami etc..
In addition, underwater bridge also has the following advantages that：
(1) for the shortcomings that foundation trench excavated volume existing for traditional immersed tube tunnel is big, excavation difficulty is high, underwater cushion cap 3
It does not need to carry out this construction technology.
(2) for traditional immersed tube tunnel in terms of Foundation Treatment, the design accuracy of blotter is high, and is laid with scale
Big with difficulty, the shortcomings that operating condition is high, underwater cushion cap stake 3 does not need to carry out this construction technology.
(3) for traditional immersed tube tunnel in terms of backfill is covered, special covering is needed to backfill equipment and is constructed, is applied
Work complicated condition, difficulty are big, and underwater bridge does not need to carry out this construction technology.
(4) in traditional immersed tube tunnel uneven subsidence, since sea has been got in the underwater cushion cap stake 3 of underwater bridge
Inside bed rock rock layers 2, so its structure stress is more stable, the probability occurred in settlement issues is much smaller.
(5) in construction period, construction cost, construction quality, construction safety etc., using the form of novel underwater bridge
It can more be guaranteed.
To sum up, technical scheme of the present invention, the advantageous effect that can at least reach include：
(1) it is not influenced by harsh weather, it can be achieved that round-the-clock running.
(2) channel safe will not be had an impact.
(3) topography and geomorphology of sea bottom complex is adapted to, it is adaptable especially in the changeable section of cross dimensions.
(4) construction technology of immersed tube tunnel is simplified so that construction efficiency greatly improves, and construction period reduces, and reduces
Construction cost.
(5) automated construction degree is improved, reduces the danger of casualties in work progress.
The processing and function realized by the method for the present embodiment essentially correspond to the structure shown in earlier figures 1 to 2
Embodiment, principle and example, therefore not detailed part in the description of the present embodiment, may refer to mutually speaking on somebody's behalf in previous embodiment
Bright, this will not be repeated here.
Through a large amount of verification experimental verification, technical solution using the present invention, by the layout for changing traditional bridge and tunnel
Mode, so as to avoid the influence to navigation channel.
To sum up, it will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that under the premise of not conflicting, above-mentioned each advantageous manner can be certainly
It is combined, is superimposed by ground.
The foregoing is merely the embodiment of the present invention, are not intended to restrict the invention, for those skilled in the art
For member, the invention may be variously modified and varied.Any modification for all within the spirits and principles of the present invention, being made,
Equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should be included within scope of the presently claimed invention.
Claims (12)
1. a kind of underwater bridge structure, which is characterized in that including：Underwater cushion cap stake (3), underwater cushion cap (4) and immersed tube tunnel (5)；
Wherein,
One end of the underwater cushion cap stake (3), adaptation are mounted in marine rock layer (2)；The underwater cushion cap stake (3) it is another
End, adaptation are installed on the bottom of the underwater cushion cap (4)；
The immersed tube tunnel (5), adaptation are installed on the top of the underwater cushion cap (4), are carried by the underwater cushion cap (4), and
At the following set depth of the water surface of seawater (1).
2. structure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the underwater cushion cap (4) and the immersed tube tunnel (5) it
Between, installation is adapted to by hinged or affixed mode.
3. structure according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the quantity of the underwater cushion cap stake (3), be one with
On.
4. structure according to claim 3, which is characterized in that more than one described underwater cushion cap stake (3), as the water
The strutbeam of lower cushion cap (4) and/or the form of continuous beam are adapted to installation with the underwater cushion cap (4).
5. structure according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the cross-sectional structure of the underwater cushion cap stake (3) is in
At least one of circle, ellipse, rectangle, square；
And/or
The cross-sectional structure of the underwater cushion cap (4), be rectangle, spill, circle, at least one of I-shaped, convex；
And/or
The cross-sectional structure of the immersed tube tunnel (5) is rectangle, square, ellipse, at least one of polygon.
6. structure according to claim 5, which is characterized in that when the cross-sectional structure of the immersed tube tunnel (5) is in described
During polygon, the cross-sectional structure of the immersed tube tunnel (5), including：
The polygon tunnel wall and adaptation that are symmetrical set are set to the first tunnel inside the polygon tunnel wall
Chamber, the second tunnel chamber and third tunnel chamber；Wherein,
First tunnel chamber and third tunnel chamber are symmetrically distributed in the left and right sides of second tunnel chamber；And/or
The space amount of housing of first tunnel chamber, less than the space amount of housing of second tunnel chamber.
7. structure according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that immersed tube tunnel (5) the merogenesis setting；It is described underwater
Cushion cap (4), at the docking of immersed tube tunnel described in two adjacent sections (5) or positioned at the center of gravity position for often saving the immersed tube tunnel (5)
Put place.
8. a kind of construction method of underwater bridge structure, which is characterized in that underwater as described in claim 1-7 is any for setting up
Bridge structure, construction method include：
Piling work is carried out in the marine rock layer (2) by underwater pile diver, the prefabricated underwater cushion cap stake (3) is beaten
Enter in the marine rock layer (2)；
The underwater cushion cap (4) is fixed on the underwater cushion cap stake (3)；
After the immersed tube tunnel (5) haul to construction marine site finished by barge by prefabricated, using it is floating refute hang heavy method technique into
Row sinking；
The pipeline section of the immersed tube tunnel (5) is docked using underwater construction equipment, after docking, recycles underwater construction
Equipment completes the pipeline section of the immersed tube tunnel (5) and the fixation of the underwater cushion cap (4)；
After the laying for completing presently described immersed tube tunnel (5), into the work progress of next immersed tube tunnel (5), to complete
Construction to the underwater bridge structure.
9. the construction method of underwater bridge structure according to claim 8, which is characterized in that further include：
It is described the underwater cushion cap (4) is fixed on the underwater cushion cap stake (3) during, by adjusting described underwater
Cushion cap stake (3) and the relative altitude of the underwater cushion cap (4) tie the bottom of seawater (1) described in the underwater bridge Structure adaptation
Structure.
10. the construction method of underwater bridge structure according to claim 8 or claim 9, which is characterized in that hang heavy method work using floating refute
Skill carries out sinking, including：
When the immersed tube tunnel (5) is more piece, makes the multiple suspension centres of mounting of roof plate of every section immersed tube tunnel (5), refuted with floating
Vertical connection, it is floating to refute drinking water generation buoyancy, control the sinking and posture of the immersed tube tunnel (5).
11. the construction method of underwater bridge structure according to claim 10, which is characterized in that control the immersed tube tunnel
(5) sinking and posture, including：
Sinking watching is divided into the action of multistep sinking, after the completion of often walking sinking action, adjusts the pipeline section position of the immersed tube tunnel (5)
It puts and posture, and monitors the attitudes vibration of the immersed tube tunnel (5), treat that the attitude stabilization degree of the immersed tube tunnel (5) meets
Next step sinking action is just carried out during given threshold；Until most at last the Pipe Sinking of the immersed tube tunnel (5) to it is described under water
On cushion cap (4).
12. the construction method of the underwater bridge structure according to claim 10 or 11, which is characterized in that hang heavy method using floating refute
Technique carries out sinking, further includes：
During the sinking and posture of the control immersed tube tunnel (5), pipeline section and institute to the immersed tube tunnel (5)
Underwater cushion cap (4) is stated to be positioned.
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| CN201710683946.6A CN108239998A (en) | 2017-08-10 | 2017-08-10 | A kind of underwater bridge structure and its construction method |
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| CN109594587A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-04-09 | 黄夏羿 | Submerged floating tunnel structure, construction and its control method in water over strait |
| CN112709250A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-27 | 西京学院 | Be favorable to reducing seabed vacuum pipeline pile foundation cushion cap structure of buoyancy |
| CN112709251A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-27 | 西京学院 | Integral type seabed vacuum pipeline pile foundation cushion cap structure |
| CN115198798A (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2022-10-18 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Immersed tunnel shoreside joint installation structure and construction method |
| CN116024949A (en) * | 2023-03-15 | 2023-04-28 | 中铁第六勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Island-free type cross-sea channel bridge-tunnel conversion structure and method |
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| CN109594587A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-04-09 | 黄夏羿 | Submerged floating tunnel structure, construction and its control method in water over strait |
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| CN116024949A (en) * | 2023-03-15 | 2023-04-28 | 中铁第六勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Island-free type cross-sea channel bridge-tunnel conversion structure and method |
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