CN108233485A - 一种基于直流固态变压器的多功能充电桩系统 - Google Patents

一种基于直流固态变压器的多功能充电桩系统 Download PDF

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CN108233485A
CN108233485A CN201810133305.8A CN201810133305A CN108233485A CN 108233485 A CN108233485 A CN 108233485A CN 201810133305 A CN201810133305 A CN 201810133305A CN 108233485 A CN108233485 A CN 108233485A
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transformer
solid
converters
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low voltage
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贾晨曦
杨东
蒲新征
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Jiangsu Institute of Architectural Technology
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    • H02J7/0027
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/31Charging columns specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72Electric energy management in electromobility
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12Electric charging stations

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于直流固态变压器的多功能充电桩系统,包括光伏阵列、智能汇流箱、蓄电池、直流固态变压器、控制装置、低压DC/DC变换器、多个充电枪及多个充电接口,光伏阵列与智能汇流箱连接,所述直流固态变压器分别与智能汇流箱、蓄电池、多个充电枪和低压DC/DC变换器连接,低压DC/DC变换器与多个充电接口连接;控制装置分别对蓄电池、直流固态变压器和低压DC/DC变换器控制;本发明无需交流电网供电,能有效减少源‑荷距离,从而避免多次交直流转换带来的能量流失和谐波畸变;同时使充电枪和充电接口共用直流固态变压器的升压电路和逆变电路,可显著减小充电桩系统的体积和成本,提高设备利用率。

Description

一种基于直流固态变压器的多功能充电桩系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种充电桩电路,具体是一种基于直流固态变压器的多功能充电桩系统。
背景技术
伴随电动汽车保有量的增多,大规模充电行为不可避免,这将给电力系统安全、经济运行带来挑战。现阶段多数情况下,电动汽车将交流电源通过车载整流器或利用充电桩的整流装置为蓄电池充电,这两种方式都是将交流电转换成直流电后对蓄电池进行充电,从而会产生的较大电能损耗以及谐波畸变。
另外充电桩作为配电网、新能源微网和用户三者之间能量流动的中转站,所处位置的能量协调管理便显得至关重要,功率准确协调的实现需要一台可靠的“能量路由器”。由于固态变压器(solid state transformer,SST)由高频变压器和电力电子变换电路组成,允许分布式发电单元、储能单元和交、直流负载设备随时随地接入、即插即用,并能完成各交直流母线电压等级的转换和功率的双向控制,可以成为“能量路由器”。目前将固态变压器作为交直流微网能量中转的应用方案主要集中于系统结构设计,数学建模与仿真,储能设备的配置等,但是目前还没有用于充电桩的直流固态变压器电路,从而无法减少由于交直流转换导致的电能损耗以及谐波畸变。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术存在的问题,本发明提供一种基于直流固态变压器的多功能充电桩系统,无需交流电网供电,能有效减少源-荷距离,从而避免多次交直流转换带来的能量流失和谐波畸变。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:一种基于直流固态变压器的多功能充电桩系统,包括光伏阵列、智能汇流箱、蓄电池、直流固态变压器、控制装置、低压DC/DC变换器、多个充电枪及多个充电接口,光伏阵列与智能汇流箱连接,所述直流固态变压器分别与智能汇流箱、蓄电池、多个充电枪和低压DC/DC变换器连接,低压DC/DC变换器与多个充电接口连接;控制装置分别对蓄电池、直流固态变压器和低压DC/DC变换器控制;
所述直流固态变压器包括滤波电感、半桥模块和DC-DC隔离型变换器,滤波电感连接半桥模块作为直流固态变压器的直流输入端,用于输入直流电,半桥模块的输出端与DC-DC隔离型变换器的输入端相连,DC-DC隔离型变换器的输出端作为直流固态变压器的直流输出端,用于输出直流电;
所述DC-DC隔离型变换器包括低压侧直流电容、单相全桥逆变器、LC串联谐振环节、高频变压器、单相桥式整流器和高压侧直流电容;低压侧直流电容与单相全桥逆变器连接,单相全桥逆变器和单相桥式整流器均包括两个并联的控制开关组,所述控制开关组由两个全控型开关器件串联组成,所述每个全控型开关器件的两端均并联有二极管,高频变压器的一端通过LC串联谐振环节与单相全桥逆变器的两个控制开关组连接,所述LC串联谐振环节由谐振电感和谐振电容串联组成,高频变压器的另一端与单相桥式整流器的两个控制开关组连接,单相桥式整流器与高压侧直流电容连接。
进一步,所述低压DC/DC变换器包括由两个全控型开关器件串联组成的控制开关组、电感和两个电容,所述每个全控型开关器件的两端均并联有二极管,其中一个电容的两端分别与控制开关组的两端连接,另一个电容的两端分别与控制开关组的一端和电感的一端连接,电感的另一端连接在两个全控型开关器件之间的电路上。
进一步,所述全控型开关器件为IGBT、IGCT和MOSFET的其中之一。
进一步,所述控制装置是DSP控制器。
与现有技术相比,本发明采用光伏阵列、智能汇流箱、蓄电池、直流固态变压器、控制装置、低压DC/DC变换器、充电枪及充电接口相结合方式,具有以下优点:
1.采用光伏阵列,将分布式光伏电源就近接入,不需要并入交流电网,有效减少源-荷距离,同时输电全过程均为直流电,避免了多次交直流转换带来的能量流失和谐波畸变。
2.采用高频变压器升压,使充电枪和充电接口共用直流固态变压器的升压电路和逆变电路,可显著减小充电桩系统的体积和成本,提高设备利用率;
3.采用高频变压器变压,在实现电压等级变换的同时达到电气隔离目的。通过与控制装置及直流固态变压器的相互配合,从而既可实现高低侧的电气隔离,又可实现两侧电压和功率的灵活、快速控制。
附图说明
图1是本发明的电原理图;
图2是本发明中直流固态变压器的电原理图;
图3是本发明中DC-DC隔离型变换器的电路原理图;
图4是本发明中半桥模块的电路原理图;
图5是本发明中低压DC/DC变换器的电路原理图。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明作进一步说明。
如图1至图5所示,本发明包括光伏阵列、智能汇流箱、蓄电池、直流固态变压器、控制装置、低压DC/DC变换器、多个充电枪及多个充电接口,光伏阵列与智能汇流箱连接,所述直流固态变压器分别与智能汇流箱、蓄电池、多个充电枪和低压DC/DC变换器连接,低压DC/DC变换器与多个充电接口连接;控制装置分别对蓄电池、直流固态变压器和低压DC/DC变换器控制;
当光伏阵列输出的功率小于蓄电池放电的下限功率时,蓄电池放电,当光伏阵列输出的功率大于蓄电池充电的上限功率时,系统给蓄电池充电;蓄电池的剩余容量保持在其正常运行所允许的极限值之内;
所述直流固态变压器包括滤波电感、半桥模块和DC-DC隔离型变换器,滤波电感连接半桥模块作为直流固态变压器的直流输入端,用于输入直流电,半桥模块的输出端与DC-DC隔离型变换器的输入端相连,DC-DC隔离型变换器的输出端作为直流固态变压器的直流输出端,用于输出直流电;
所述DC-DC隔离型变换器包括低压侧直流电容、单相全桥逆变器、LC串联谐振环节、高频变压器、单相桥式整流器和高压侧直流电容;低压侧直流电容与单相全桥逆变器连接,单相全桥逆变器和单相桥式整流器均包括两个并联的控制开关组,所述控制开关组由两个全控型开关器件串联组成,所述每个全控型开关器件的两端均并联有二极管,高频变压器的一端通过LC串联谐振环节与单相全桥逆变器的两个控制开关组连接,所述LC串联谐振环节由谐振电感和谐振电容串联组成,高频变压器的另一端与单相桥式整流器的两个控制开关组连接,单相桥式整流器与高压侧直流电容连接。
进一步,所述低压DC/DC变换器包括由两个全控型开关器件串联组成的控制开关组、电感和两个电容,所述每个全控型开关器件的两端均并联有二极管,其中一个电容的两端分别与控制开关组的两端连接,并且该电容的两端作为另一个电容的两端分别与控制开关组的一端和电感的一端连接,电感的另一端连接在两个全控型开关器件之间的电路上。
进一步,所述全控型开关器件为IGBT、IGCT和MOSFET的其中之一。
进一步,所述控制装置是DSP控制器。
进一步,半桥模块包括由两个全控型开关器件串联组成的控制开关组和电容,所述每个全控型开关器件的两端均并联有二极管,电容的两端分别与控制开关组的两端连接。
本发明的工作过程为:光伏阵列输出的直流电经智能汇流箱汇流后接入直流固态变压器提供的低压直流输入端,智能汇流箱与直流固态变压器间接入蓄电池。DC-DC隔离型变换器依靠LC串联谐振环节和高频变压器两侧逆变器与整理器之间相移进行能量传递,通过控制装置的控制可采用单移相控制、双移相控制或扩展移相控制。其传输功率的大小、流向与移相比有关,在频率恒定时,通过控制装置控制移相比可以在一定范围内实现电压、电流和频率的主动控制。电动汽车为直流两段式充电,充电阶段分为恒流充电、恒压充电状态,其充电速度较快。电动汽车充电电压处于350-750V之间,与DC-DC隔离型变换器输出电压处于同一级别,控制装置可通过PWM控制来实现充电枪输出与电动汽车所需的两个充电阶段的切换,从而保证电动汽车的快速稳定的充电过程。另外低压DC/DC变换器采用Buck-Boost电路,可通过控制装置检测供电线路中的电流和电压、调节占空比,最终从充电接口处实现低压5V的输出,可供手机等低压用电设备充电。

Claims (4)

1.一种基于直流固态变压器的多功能充电桩系统,其特征在于,包括光伏阵列、智能汇流箱、蓄电池、直流固态变压器、控制装置、低压DC/DC变换器、多个充电枪及多个充电接口,光伏阵列与智能汇流箱连接,所述直流固态变压器分别与智能汇流箱、蓄电池、多个充电枪和低压DC/DC变换器连接,低压DC/DC变换器与多个充电接口连接;控制装置分别对蓄电池、直流固态变压器和低压DC/DC变换器控制;
所述直流固态变压器包括滤波电感、半桥模块和DC-DC隔离型变换器,滤波电感连接半桥模块作为直流固态变压器的直流输入端,半桥模块的输出端与DC-DC隔离型变换器的输入端相连,DC-DC隔离型变换器的输出端作为直流固态变压器的直流输出端;
所述DC-DC隔离型变换器包括低压侧直流电容、单相全桥逆变器、LC串联谐振环节、高频变压器、单相桥式整流器和高压侧直流电容;低压侧直流电容与单相全桥逆变器连接,单相全桥逆变器和单相桥式整流器均包括两个并联的控制开关组,所述控制开关组由两个全控型开关器件串联组成,所述每个全控型开关器件的两端均并联有二极管,高频变压器的一端通过LC串联谐振环节与单相全桥逆变器的两个控制开关组连接,所述LC串联谐振环节由谐振电感和谐振电容串联组成,高频变压器的另一端与单相桥式整流器的两个控制开关组连接,单相桥式整流器与高压侧直流电容连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于直流固态变压器的多功能充电桩系统,其特征在于,所述低压DC/DC变换器包括由两个全控型开关器件串联组成的控制开关组、电感和两个电容,所述每个全控型开关器件的两端均并联有二极管,其中一个电容的两端分别与控制开关组的两端连接,另一个电容的两端分别与控制开关组的一端和电感的一端连接,电感的另一端连接在两个全控型开关器件之间的电路上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于直流固态变压器的多功能充电桩系统,其特征在于,所述全控型开关器件为IGBT、IGCT和MOSFET的其中之一。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于直流固态变压器的多功能充电桩系统,其特征在于,所述控制装置是DSP控制器。
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