A kind of electrode plates of battery and preparation method thereof and battery
Technical field
The present invention relates to cell electrode piece technical fields, and in particular to a kind of variable electrode slice of active material concentration and
Preparation method and battery.
Background technology
Now, the manufacturing process of battery pole piece is using disposable coating processes technology, and electrode slurry is uniformly coated on
On collector, acquisition is that active material (positive electrode or negative material of battery) concentration is parallel to collector in coating
Surface and be all the uniform electrode slice of distribution perpendicular to collection liquid surface.
Due to battery active material in pole piece coating electric conductivity than conductive agent (conductive agent include various conductive carbons, conduction
Metallic particles, conductive metal oxide, conductive organic compound etc.) it is much lower;It is conductive generally for raising battery energy density
Agent additive amount seldom (<10%), therefore the uniform concentration perpendicular to collector direction is coated with, and coating layer of active substance connects with collector
Tactile interfacial conductive carbon content is very low, directly results in the contact resistance of coating layer of active substance and collector and increases.
Currently in order to solve the problems, such as this and widely used utter misery collector, but utter misery collector can cause collector to be given birth to
Producing cost increases;In addition for utter misery collector in order to realize that firm carbon-coating sticks, adhesive additive amount is very big (being more than 10%), and
Adhesive is usually all nonconducting high-molecular organic material, surface roughness after utter misery increase it is few, with being coated with again
Coating layer of active substance contact area is limited, therefore to solving the problems, such as that contact resistance can rise between coating layer of active substance and collector
To effect be also very limited.
In addition when (pole piece coating top layer) active material concentration is excessive on coating surface on electrode plates as
Its electric conductivity is relatively low to cause the internal resistance of cell to increase polarization increase;Active material, which exposes more active sites, simultaneously also leads to electrolyte
Side reaction increase, generate more gases and battery caused to rise gas;Third, pole piece coating surface active material concentration is excessive, due to
Some cell active materials are soluble in discharge process, volume change is excessive, and the surface active material pole piece that comes off is caused to be led
Electric skeleton, causes active material to be lost in, and the internal resistance of cell increases.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, if it is possible to realize that active material concentration can in the vertical direction of battery pole piece
It adjusts, and the realization that the coating method of battery pole piece can be relatively simple as production, very big practical value will be brought.
Invention content
(1) technical problems to be solved
In order to overcome the disadvantages of the above prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of Vertical Squares of collection liquid surface
Variable electrode plates of upward active material concentration and preparation method thereof.
The production cost of collector can be reduced by electrode slice provided by the invention, reduce coating layer of active substance and afflux
Contact resistance and/or reduction battery polarization and electrolyte side reaction between body.In environmentally protective battery and the neck using battery
Domain is respectively provided with the prospect of being widely applied.
(2) technical solution
The present invention provides a kind of electrode plates of battery, the electrode plates include:It collector and is directly coated at
The electrode material coating containing active material of the collection liquid surface, wherein, the active material is in the electrode material
Content changes along the thickness direction of the coating.
According to currently preferred electrode plates, the coating includes at least two straton coatings, wherein, close to the afflux
The content of active material in the sub- coating in body surface face be less than sub- coating adjacent thereto in active material content and/or, position
The content of active material is less than the content of active material in sub- coating adjacent thereto in the sub- coating on the coating surface layer.
Electrode plates according to the present invention, wherein the content of the active material in the coating is in respective electrode material pair
In the content range answered, i.e., the height variation in the content range that it can be implemented.
It can also be cathode pole piece that electrode plates of the present invention, which can be anode pole piece,.
Electrode material of the present invention is the positive electrode or negative material for manufacturing battery.Positive electrode can be
The positive electrode of all batteries, battery can be lithium ion battery, sodium-ion battery, kalium ion battery, Magnesium ion battery, lithium sulphur
Battery.Negative material can be the negative material of all types battery, and battery can be lithium ion battery, sodium-ion battery, potassium
Ion battery, Magnesium ion battery, lithium-sulfur cell.
Electrode plates of the present invention, thickness of content of the active material in the electrode material along the coating
Degree direction change trend be:It gradually rises, continuously decrease, first increasing to reduce afterwards or first increase to reduce to increase again again and drop again
Low zigzag concentration variation.
As currently preferred mode, the coating includes 2-30 stratons coating, and (every sub- coating is dense when preparing in itself
Degree is consistent, varying concentrations between each sub- coating).The sub- coating number of plies selects more than 2 natural number, the number of plies can be 2,3,4,
5th, 6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30, according to
The needs of active material concentration change curve and the economy of preparation are selected.It is preferred that the coating is applied including 2-30 stratons
Layer, more preferable 3-4 stratons coating.0.1~200 micron of the thickness of every sub- coating, preferably 1~100 micron, more preferable 2~50
Micron.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation methods of above-mentioned electrode plates, include the following steps:
A) the different electrode slurry of active material concentration needed for preparing;
B) in the electrode slurry bed of material of collection liquid surface successively coated and dried required concentration.
Preferably, coating method can be transfer type coating, squash type coating, groove coating, spraying method.
Preferably, the overall thickness of battery pole piece is 30~500 microns, and preferably 50~200 microns, more preferable 80~150
Micron.
Electrode slurry is according to usual way, and battery active material, conductive agent, adhesive hybrid modulation are formed.
The present invention also provides a kind of batteries, which is characterized in that the anode and/or cathode of battery use above-mentioned electrode pole
Piece.The preparation method of the battery is exactly in battery manufacture, and the electrode plates preparation method of the anode/of battery or cathode is replaced
Preparation method for the above-mentioned electrode plates of the present invention.
(3) advantageous effect
The above-mentioned technical proposal of the present invention has the following advantages that compared with prior art:
Active material concentration distribution is transformable in the vertical direction of the collection liquid surface of the electrode plates of the present invention, and
Different concentration curves can be selected as needed, improve battery performance.
Therefore, the present invention can realize that necessary battery energy density is same in the concentration for ensureing electrode plates active material
When, also have the advantage that:
1st, one of advantage of the technology of the present invention is containing close to the active material in the sub- coating of the collection liquid surface
Amount can solve pole piece active material less than the content of the active material in sub- coating adjacent thereto in pole coating manufacturing process
The problem of contact resistance of coating and collector is high, and can be very between adjacent two layers active material during repeatedly coating of the invention
Good is compatible.Since active material particle degree is much larger compared to conductive agent granularity, highly conductive dose of active material content contains
When measuring low its adhesion strength relative to the low conductive agent content of active material content it is high when, contact point is few, and contact area is small, adhesion strength
It is small.Compared to the way for using utter misery collector at present, the present invention is relatively low for active material concentration content due to internal first layer
And the coating that conduction carbon content is higher, it can directly play the role of utter misery collector, can be coated with the active material of its outer layer
There are higher contact area and compatibility.Therefore the contact resistance of collector and active material can be more effectively reduced, is increased
The adhesion strength with collection liquid surface is added;And the naked collector of non-utter misery is directly used, reduces the purchase cost of collector.
2nd, the advantage of the technology of the present invention also resides in the content of the active material in the sub- coating on the coating surface layer and is less than
The content of active material in sub- coating adjacent thereto can reduce the active material concentration on electrode plates surface, increase pole piece table
Face conductive carbon and/or other inert matter concentration, such as conductive carbon material, additive metal oxide etc., so as to reduce
The active site position of side reaction occurs with electrolyte for cell active materials, reduces battery producing gas amount;Second, pole piece conductive carbon
And/or other inert matter concentration enrichment layers, be conducive to adsorb, inhibit pole piece coat inside active material in charge and discharge process
The middle backward electrode surface diffusion of dissolving, reducing active material, accumulation loses activity in pole piece outer surface;Third solves pole piece part
Volume change of the cell active materials in charge and discharge process is excessive, and battery active material is caused to come off from pole piece so that
The internal resistance of cell increases and polarization increase.Therefore the technology of the present invention can effectively promote the cycle life of battery, reduce battery flatulence
Increase with internal resistance, polarization increase.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is electrode plates structure diagram;Wherein, 0 collector is represented, 1 represents first time coating layer, and 2 represent second
Layer coating layer, 3 represent third layer coating layer, and n represents n-th layer coating layer (n is natural number and≤30).
Fig. 2 is the battery pole piece appearance obtained according to the coating method of embodiment 1 and comparative example 1;Wherein a, b are according to right
The existing common disposable coating method that ratio 1 is implemented is coated the pole piece of making, and c, d are the sheet carried out according to embodiment 1
Invent the pole piece that multiple coating method makes.
Fig. 3 is the discharge cycles of battery made by the battery pole piece obtained according to the coating method of embodiment 2 and comparative example 2
Figure.
Fig. 4 is that the battery of battery pole piece that the coating method according to embodiment 2 and comparative example 2 is used to obtain passes through charge and discharge
Outside drawing afterwards.
Fig. 5 is battery made by the battery pole piece obtained according to the coating method of embodiment 3-1,3-2 and comparative example 3
Discharge cycles figure.
Specific embodiment
The detailed process of the present invention is described further below in conjunction with attached drawing, it should be understood that embodiment provided herein
It is merely to illustrate and explain the present invention, the range that should not be understood to limit the present.
Embodiment 1
By cell active materials ternary nickel cobalt manganese (NCM523) material, conductive carbon acetylene black, adhesive PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride
Alkene) according to 30:65:5 mass ratios are tuned into slurry, as low activity content of material slurry (i.e. High-conductivity carbon content slurry), separately
Outside according still further to cell active materials ternary nickel cobalt manganese (NCM 523) material, conductive carbon acetylene black, adhesive PVDF according to 90:5:5
Mass ratio is tuned into slurry, as high active substance content slurry.Low activity content of material slurry is applied on a current collector first
Cloth forms first layer coating, and thickness is 8 microns after drying, then high active substance content slurry is coated to form second layer painting
Layer of cloth, thickness is 100 microns after second layer coated and dried, carries out low activity content of material slurry after drying again and is coated with to form the
Three layer coating, thickness is 2 microns after third time coated and dried, finally carries out drier roll swaging again into complete electrode plates.
Comparative example 1
According to common coating electrode piece method, but to ensure the active material face with 1 pole coating mode of embodiment
Carrying capacity is consistent, by cell active materials ternary nickel cobalt manganese (NCM523) material, conductive carbon acetylene black, adhesive PVDF according to
84.5:10.5:5 mass ratios are tuned into slurry;And this slurry is disposably coated with 110 microns and dries shape after roll-in on a current collector
Into electrode plates.
Effect example 1
Battery pole piece is prepared according to the method for embodiment 1 and comparative example 1, and is cut into the rectangular pole piece of 1cm*1cm respectively
It each 10, then carries out pole piece coating and is tested with collector contact resistance, resistance sizes are to such as table 1.
Table 1
It can be seen that according to test resistance correction data when pole piece active material area dead weight capacity is identical, by multilayer
The variable pole piece resistance of active material concentration of coating technique coating, since it contacts coated conductive concentration of carbon 65% with collector
Much larger than in common coating method 10.5%, therefore contact resistance is obviously reduced.
In addition the battery pole piece appearance that 1 two kinds of coating methods of comparative example 1 and comparative example apply is as shown in Fig. 2, a is comparison
The common disposable coating method of example 1 is coated the pole piece of making, it can be seen that the adhesion strength of active material and collector
It is poor, it easily loses powder when bending pole piece, b is the photo of a amplifications, it can be seen that more serious slight crack and naked leakage occurs
Bottom collector;C, d are the pole piece made according to more than 1 coating method of embodiment in Fig. 2, it can be clearly seen that, first layer applies
The surface roughness of collector is greatly increased after cloth so that subsequent coating material adhesion strength is remarkably reinforced, and d is the photo of c amplifications,
It can be seen that pole piece has no serious slight crack and naked leakage collector.
Embodiment 2
By cell active materials elemental sulfur, conductive carbon acetylene black, the adhesive La133 (moisture of acrylonitrile multiple copolymer
Dispersion liquid) according to 20:75:5 mass ratios are tuned into slurry, as low activity content of material slurry (i.e. High-conductivity carbon content slurry),
In addition according still further to cell active materials elemental sulfur, conductive carbon, adhesive La133 according to 75:20:5 mass ratios are tuned into slurry, make
For high active substance content slurry.First low activity content of material slurry is coated on a current collector to form first layer coating, be dried
Thickness is 2 microns after dry, then high active substance content slurry is coated to form second layer coating layer, second layer coating layer thickness
It is 50 microns, carries out low activity content of material slurry after drying again and be coated with to form third layer coating, third time coating layer thickness is 4
Micron continues to be coated with the 4th floor height activity substance content slurry after drying, and the 4th layer of coating layer thickness is 50 microns, after drying again
It carries out low activity content of material slurry to be coated with to form layer 5 coating, the 5th secondary coating thickness is 4 microns, is finally dried again
Form complete electrode plates.
Comparative example 2
According to common coating electrode piece method, cell active materials elemental sulfur, conductive carbon, adhesive La133 are pressed
According to 70:25:5 mass ratios are tuned into slurry;And disposably 110 microns of coating forms electrode plates on a current collector by this slurry.
Effect example 2
Pole piece prepared by embodiment 2 and 2 two methods of comparative example is cut into the pole piece of 5cm*10cm respectively, with lithium metal
For cathode, Celgard lithium ion battery separators is used to be assembled into soft-package battery, and (its ingredient of electrolyte is solvent:DOL+DME(v/v
=1:1), electrolyte:1M LISFI and 0.2M LiNO3), it is tested for the property, test such as Fig. 3, it is seen that multi-layer coated technology can
To be obviously improved the cycle performance of battery.
Wherein DOL be dioxolanes, DME 1,2- dimethoxy-ethanes.
Fig. 4 is the battery outside drawing after repeatedly recycling, by (a) as it can be seen that being prepared using according to 2 coating technique of comparative example
Electrode plates assembling battery testing after the gas that rises it is significantly serious;By (b) as it can be seen that using the multi-layer coated skill according to embodiment 2
The battery of electrode plates assembling prepared by art is then without occurring the gas that seriously rises.
Embodiment 3-1
Cell active materials ternary nickel cobalt manganese (NCM 442) material, conductive carbon acetylene black, adhesive PVDF (are gathered into inclined fluorine
Ethylene) according to 30:65:5 mass ratios are tuned into slurry, as low activity content of material slurry, further according to cell active materials
Ternary nickel cobalt manganese (NCM442) material, conductive carbon acetylene black, adhesive PVDF are according to 60:35:5 mass ratios are tuned into slurry, make
For middle activity substance content slurry, finally according still further to cell active materials ternary nickel cobalt manganese (NCM 442) material, conductive carbon acetylene
Black, adhesive PVDF is according to 90:5:5 mass ratios are tuned into slurry, as high active substance content slurry.First by low activity object
Matter content slurry is coated with to form first layer coating on a current collector, and thickness is 5 microns after drying, then middle activity substance content is starched
Material is coated to form second layer coating layer, and thickness is 5 microns after second layer coated and dried, carries out high activity object after drying again
Matter content slurry is coated with to form third layer coating, and thickness is 20 microns after third layer coated and dried, finally carries out drying roll-in again
Form complete electrode plates.
Embodiment 3-2
Cell active materials ternary nickel cobalt manganese (NCM 442) material, conductive carbon acetylene black, adhesive PVDF (are gathered into inclined fluorine
Ethylene) according to 30:65:5 mass ratios are tuned into slurry, as low activity content of material slurry, further according to cell active materials
Ternary nickel cobalt manganese (NCM442) material, conductive carbon acetylene black, adhesive PVDF are according to 60:35:5 mass ratios are tuned into slurry, make
For middle activity substance content slurry, finally according still further to cell active materials ternary nickel cobalt manganese (NCM 442) material, conductive carbon acetylene
Black, adhesive PVDF is according to 90:5:5 mass ratios are tuned into slurry, as high active substance content slurry.First by high activity object
Matter content slurry is coated with to form first layer coating on a current collector, and thickness is 20 microns after drying, then by middle activity substance content
Slurry is coated to form second layer coating layer, and thickness is 5 microns after second layer coated and dried, carries out low activity after drying again
Content of material slurry is coated with to form third layer coating, and thickness is 5 microns after third layer coated and dried, finally carries out drying roll-in again
Form complete electrode plates.
Comparative example 3
According to common coating electrode piece method, but to ensure the activity with embodiment 3-1 and 3-2 pole coating mode
Substance area carrying capacity is consistent, by cell active materials ternary nickel cobalt manganese (NCM442) material, conductive carbon acetylene black, adhesive PVDF
According to 75:20:5 mass ratios are tuned into slurry;And this slurry is disposably coated with 30 microns and dries shape after roll-in on a current collector
Into electrode plates.
Effect example 3-1
Battery pole piece is prepared according to the method for embodiment 3-1,3-2 and comparative example 3, and is cut into the side of 1cm*1cm respectively
Then each 10 of shape pole piece carries out pole piece coating and is tested with collector contact resistance, resistance sizes are to such as table 2.
Table 2
It can be seen that according to test resistance correction data when pole piece active material area dead weight capacity is identical, embodiment 3-1
The variable pole piece resistance of active material concentration being coated with by multi-layer coated technology, since it contacts coated conductive carbon with collector
20% in the coating method common much larger than comparative example 3 of concentration 65%, therefore contact resistance is obviously reduced;And embodiment 3-2 is then
Show very high contact resistance.
Effect example 3-2
The cathode that is prepared respectively by embodiment 3-1,3-2 and the positive plate of comparative example 3, with metal lithium sheet, polypropylene diaphragm,
And 1601 type electrolyte of Taurus assembles in the glove box full of high-purity argon gas, obtains CR2025 type button experimental cells.
Circulation experiment condition:Battery testing temperature is 25 DEG C, and voltage window 3.0-4.5V is charged with 1C, and 1C electric discharges are surveyed
Examination such as Fig. 5.
It is 87.7% to have used the batteries of embodiment 3-2 electrode slices its capacity retention ratio after 100 cycles, is relatively used
The battery of 3 electrode slice of comparative example its capacity retention ratio 81.3% after 100 cycles is height, has also relatively used embodiment 3-1 electric
The battery of pole piece its capacity retention ratio 75.1% after 100 cycles is high.
The above embodiment of the present invention is just for the sake of clearly illustrating example of the present invention rather than be to the present invention
Embodiment restriction.It for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the basis of the above description can also be to skill
Art scheme modify or to which part technical characteristic carry out equivalent replacement, but everything the present invention spirit and original
Within then, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.