CN108227039A - A kind of atmospheric turbulence intensity and visibility measurement device - Google Patents
A kind of atmospheric turbulence intensity and visibility measurement device Download PDFInfo
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- CN108227039A CN108227039A CN201711318236.XA CN201711318236A CN108227039A CN 108227039 A CN108227039 A CN 108227039A CN 201711318236 A CN201711318236 A CN 201711318236A CN 108227039 A CN108227039 A CN 108227039A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01W—METEOROLOGY
- G01W1/00—Meteorology
- G01W1/02—Instruments for indicating weather conditions by measuring two or more variables, e.g. humidity, pressure, temperature, cloud cover or wind speed
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of atmospheric turbulence intensity and visibility measurement device, including optical emitting unit, optical receiver unit, instrument controlling and data receipt unit.Optical emitting unit includes semiconductor laser transmitter, chopper, collimation lens set, control power supply, light source driving circuit and automatic optical power control circuit, light receiving unit includes short focus laser pick-off component, camera system, wind speed and direction measuring system, temperature sensor, pressure sensor, humidity sensor and temperature control module composition, and instrument controlling and data receipt unit include sequentially connected data pre-processing unit, A/D converting units, image acquisition units, image processing unit and display unit.The method that the present invention is measured using transmission-type, it is synchronous to obtain atmospheric visibility and atmospheric turbulence intensity, while temperature, pressure, humidity, wind speed and direction measuring system are increased, form a meteorological element Integrated Measurement System.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to atmospheric environment detection fields, are filled more particularly to a kind of atmospheric turbulence intensity and visibility measurement
It puts.
Background technology
Atmospheric transparency and atmospheric turbulance are two basic research objects in atmospheric science, are prediction of air quality, weather
Important meteorological factor in environmental pattern and boundary layer research.For atmospheric transparency, intuitive reflection is that air can be shown in
Degree, it is both that air dirt is embodied in the meteorological element and environmental monitoring for be related in traffic and transport field safety guarantee
The important feature amount of dye degree；Similarly, refractive index fluctuation caused by atmospheric turbulance can destroy the coherence of light, cause optical picture
It is the problem in astronomical observation as fuzzy.One side atmospheric turbulance drives particulate movement, another aspect particulate
Also pull the movement of turbulent flow air mass, adjoint between them is with following, sluggish and towing and it is towed between the relationship that hinders make
Us are obtained in atmospheric sounding visibility (extinction coefficient) and turbulent characteristics, it should while consider the phase interaction between them
With this is also the important link in research, monitoring and forecast pollutant diffusion profile, and therefore, whole air mass delustring is to need to examine
The factor of worry, and existing measuring instrument has ignored this point now.
Invention content
Goal of the invention:The defects of not solving in the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of atmospheric turbulence intensity and visibility
Measuring device can synchronize and obtain atmospheric visibility and atmospheric turbulence intensity.
Technical solution：To realize the above-mentioned technical purpose, atmospheric turbulence intensity of the invention and visibility measurement device include
Optical emitting unit, optical receiver unit, instrument controlling and data receipt unit, wherein：
The optical emitting unit includes semiconductor laser transmitter, chopper, collimation lens set, control power supply, light source
Driving circuit and automatic optical power control circuit, wherein, the control power supply, light source driving circuit and Automatic optical power control electricity
Road is sequentially connected, and the laser from semiconductor laser transmitter sends out sharp through light source driving circuit and automatic optical power control circuit
Light light beam, the chopped device of laser beam carries out optical frequency modulation, for measuring the disturbance of turbulent flow in air；The light receiving unit packet
Include short focus laser pick-off component, camera system, wind speed and direction measuring system, temperature sensor, pressure sensor, humidity sensor
Device and temperature control module composition；
The instrument controlling and data receipt unit include sequentially connected data pre-processing unit, A/D converting units, figure
As collecting unit, image processing unit and display unit, the laser tube bank after optical emitting cell processing swashs by short focus
It is received after light-receiving component by camera system, and successively by data pre-processing unit, A/D converting units, Image Acquisition list
Member, image processing unit are handled, and finally show result in display module.
It is described control power supply respectively with temperature sensor, humidity sensor, pressure sensor, camera system and wind direction
Measuring system is connected
Specifically, the optical maser wavelength of semiconductor laser transmitter transmitting is 600-900nm, power 15-45w, bandwidth
1-5nm, it is preferable that optical maser wavelength 808nm, power 20w, bandwidth 2nm, the semiconductor laser transmitter pass through multimode
Optical fiber connects laser with chopper, it is preferable that a diameter of 400 μm, length 5m of the multimode fibre, optical fiber output numerical value
Aperture is between 0.18-0.23, it is therefore preferable to 0.22.Optical fiber output numerical aperture characterization fiber end face receives the ability of light,
The size of value will take into account ability and the influence to modal dispersion that optical fiber receives light, excessive or too small be unsuitable for.
Wherein, collimation lens set is made of a double glued collimation camera lenses and a double lens collimation camera lens.
Double glued collimation camera lenses include two pieces of mutually glued lens, wherein first piece of lens thickness is 12mm, material
Expect for H-QK3L, second piece of lens thickness is 6mm, and material SF5, emergent ray angle of divergence RMS value is 0.998 μm.Used
Double glued collimation camera lenses are small, compact-sized.
The double lens collimation camera lens includes two pieces of convex lenses that thickness is respectively 6.7mm, 13mm, and glass material is
BK7, emergent ray angle of divergence RMS value are 0.904 μm, and distance is 100~125mm between lens.The double lens collimates camera lens
Collimating effect is good, and degree of collimation is high.Preferably, distance is 125mm between two pieces of convex lenses.
The short focus laser pick-off component is 150-450mm by focal length, and the focal length that effective aperture D is 30-50mm is
The transmission-type camera lens and resolution ratio that 300mm, effective aperture D are 30mm are 640 × 480, pixel dimension is 10.6 μm, and frame frequency is
The CCD camera composition of 60Hz, it is preferable that be by focal length is 300mm, effective aperture D is 30mm transmission-type camera lens and resolution ratio
640 × 480, pixel dimension is 10.6 μm, and the CCD camera that frame frequency is 60Hz forms, and the time of integration of the CCD camera is
0.35ms。。
The camera system is a video camera, for shooting state of visibility for 24 hours；The wind speed and direction measuring system is
Three leaf wind speed and direction measuring instruments, for detecting real-time wind speed and direction；The temperature sensor, pressure sensor, humidity sensor
Device is respectively intended to detect real-time atmospheric temperature, atmospheric pressure and atmospheric humidity.Three sensors detect mould independently of receiving terminal
Except block (CCD systems), the influence of receiving terminal temperature control system is avoided.
The temperature control module is set to short focus laser independently of temperature sensor, pressure sensor and humidity sensor
Inside receiving unit, for controlling the temperature of short focus laser pick-off component.
Radiator is provided on the outside of the semiconductor laser transmitter and short focus laser pick-off component.
It is respectively arranged on the outside of the optical emitting unit, optical receiver unit, instrument controlling and data receipt unit
Shell.
Specifically in use, the laser light source of transmitting terminal is sent out by light source driving circuit and automatic optical power control circuit
Wavelength is the laser beam of 808nm, light frequency modulation is made to be 10kHz by chopper, it is therefore an objective to measure disturbing for turbulent flow in air
It is dynamic.Laser beam receiving end after the secondary collimation of collimation lens set receives.Light beam is by focus lens group later by CCD camera
Receive, the image pick-up card of PC machine reached after data pre-processing unit, A/D conversions, by image monitoring software and
Image processing software acquisition process finally shows result in display module.
In an experiment, it sums to the gray value of light spot image, is then subtracting background gray levels, can obtain with figure
The light spot energy size characterized as gray value, and then the approximate size for obtaining the light intensity that receiving unit is received；Pass through figure
The barycenter of CCD hot spots is asked for as handling software, so as to obtain the variation of light beam angle of arrival, so as to acquire arrival angle fluctuation variance.
Then respectively according to visibility formula and Refractive-index-structure parameter light intensity fluctuation principle and arrival angle fluctuation principle formula
Calculate result.
Advantageous effect：Compared with prior art, the method that the present invention is measured using transmission-type, it is synchronous to obtain atmospheric visibility
And atmospheric turbulence intensity, in addition, we also increase temperature, pressure, humidity, wind speed and direction measuring system on this basis,
Form a meteorological element Integrated Measurement System.This is for atmosphere environment supervision, prediction of air quality, radiation climate and environment
Effect study is of great significance, in addition, transmitting terminal of the present invention sends out collimated laser beam receiving end by collimation lens
Short focus laser pick-off component receives, and atmospheric visibility can be obtained by the processing of image acquisition units and image processing unit
With the measurement result of atmospheric turbulence intensity, and the relationship between the two meteorological elements is analyzed, exactly consider disappearing for whole air mass
Light action.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of apparatus of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the principle connection diagram of apparatus of the present invention, wherein, 1 power supply in order to control, 2 drive the circuit for light source, and 3
It is laser light source for automatic optical power control circuit, 4,5 be chopper, and 6 be collimation lens set, and 7 be focus lens group, and 8 be CCD
Camera, 9 be temperature control module, and 10 be temperature sensor, and 11 be humidity sensor, and 12 be pressure sensor, and 13 be camera system, 14
It is data pre-processing unit for wind direction measuring system, 15,16 be A/D conversion modules, and 17 be image pick-up card, and 18 be image
Monitoring software, 19 be image processing software, and 20 be display module；
Fig. 3 is the result figure measured using apparatus of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
With reference to specific attached drawing, by specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention proposes a kind of atmospheric turbulence intensity and visibility measurement device, including optical emitting list
Member, optical receiver unit, instrument controlling and data receipt unit, optical emitting unit, optical receiver unit, instrument controlling sum number
According to being respectively arranged with shell on the outside of receiving unit, wherein：
Optical emitting unit includes semiconductor laser transmitter, chopper, collimation lens set, control power supply, light source driving
Circuit and automatic optical power control circuit, control power supply, light source driving circuit and automatic optical power control circuit are sequentially connected, and half
The optical maser wavelength of conductor Laser transmitter transmitting is 808nm, power 20w, bandwidth 2nm, and semiconductor laser transmitter passes through
A diameter of 400 μm, length be 5m multimode fibre laser is connected with chopper, chopper maximum output frequency is
110kHz, optical fiber output numerical aperture are 0.22.Laser from semiconductor laser transmitter is through light source driving circuit and automatically
Optical power control circuit sends out laser beam, and the chopped device of laser beam carries out optical frequency modulation, for measuring turbulent flow in air
Disturbance.
Wherein, collimation lens set is made of a double glued collimation camera lenses and a double lens collimation camera lens.It is double glued accurate
Straight camera lens includes two pieces of lens, wherein first piece of lens thickness is 12mm, material H-QK3L, second piece of lens thickness is 6mm,
Material is SF5, and emergent ray angle of divergence RMS value is 0.998 μm.It is respectively 6.7mm, 13mm that double lens, which collimates camera lens including thickness,
Two pieces of convex lenses, glass material is BK7, and emergent ray angle of divergence RMS value is 0.904 μm, and distance is between lens
125mm。
Light receiving unit includes short focus laser pick-off component, camera system, wind speed and direction measuring system, temperature sensing
Device, pressure sensor, humidity sensor and temperature control module composition, control power supply respectively with temperature sensor, humidity sensor, pressure
Force snesor, camera system are connected with wind direction measuring system, wherein, short focus laser pick-off component is by focal length
The transmission-type camera lens and resolution ratio that 300mm, effective aperture D are 30mm are 640 × 480, pixel dimension is 10.6 μm, and frame frequency is
The CCD camera composition of 60Hz, the time of integration of the CCD camera is 0.35ms.Camera system is a video camera, for for 24 hours
Shoot state of visibility.Wind speed and direction measuring system is three leaf wind speed and direction measuring instruments, is set to optical emitting cell enclosure
Outside, for detecting real-time wind speed and direction.It is real-time that temperature sensor, pressure sensor, humidity sensor are respectively intended to detection
Atmospheric temperature, atmospheric pressure and atmospheric humidity.Temperature control module is independently of temperature sensor, pressure sensor and humidity sensor
Device is set to short focus laser pick-off component internal, for controlling the temperature of the detection system of short focus laser module, i.e. CCD
The temperature of camera.
Instrument controlling and data receipt unit include sequentially connected data pre-processing unit, A/D converting units, image and adopt
Collect unit, image processing unit and display unit, wherein, image acquisition units include PC machine and image pick-up card, which adopts
Truck is further handled by image monitoring software and image processing software respectively.
Laser light source from semiconductor laser transmitter is sent out by light source driving circuit and automatic optical power control circuit
Go out the laser beam that wavelength is 808nm, light frequency modulation is made to be 10kHz by chopper, it is therefore an objective to measure turbulent flow in air
Disturbance.Laser beam receiving end after the secondary collimation of collimation lens set receives.Light beam is by focus lens group later by CCD phases
Machine receives, and in the image pick-up card that PC machine is reached after data pre-processing unit, A/D conversions, passes through image monitoring software
With image processing software acquisition process, finally result is shown in 14 display modules.
In an experiment, it sums to the gray value of light spot image, is then subtracting background gray levels, can obtain with figure
The light spot energy size characterized as gray value, and then the approximate size for obtaining the light intensity that receiving unit is received；Pass through figure
The barycenter of CCD hot spots is asked for as handling software, so as to obtain the variation of light beam angle of arrival, so as to acquire arrival angle fluctuation variance.
Then respectively according to visibility formula and Refractive-index-structure parameter light intensity fluctuation principle and arrival angle fluctuation principle formula
Calculate result.
Specifically, the device of the invention is calculated by the following method：
(1) visibility measurement principle：According to bougurer-lambert law, the attenuation of directional light in an atmosphere can be represented by the formula：
F=F0e-σL
In formula σ be extinction coefficient, F0Luminous flux during for L=0, i.e. initial luminous flux.If represent atmospheric optics with MOR
The distance that distance, i.e. luminous flux attenuation are passed through to 5%, then
It is obtained by upper two formula：
(2) Refractive-index-structure parameters measuring principle：
A. light intensity fluctuation method
According to light transporting theory, wavelength is that the spherical wave of λ is propagated by atmospheric turbulance, if representing light intensity with I, then
At propagation distance L, the log-intensity variance received in the aperture of a diameter of D is
K is light wave number and k=2 π/λ in formula；K is space wave number；γ=z/L is the propagation factor of spherical wave；Table
Show the space spectrum density of refractive index fluctuation, be represented by
WhereinAs required Refractive-index-structure parameter, f (Kl0) it is the factor for describing inner scale effect, it is right
In RANGE IN HOMOGENEOUS ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE, f (Kl0)=1；F (K) is aperture smoothing function, for the annulus receiver hole that the ratio between internal-and external diameter is ε
Diameter (ε=0 be circular reception aperture) F (K) is
Usually use scintillation indexRepresent the intensity of light intensity fluctuation,
＜ ＞ represent statistical average in formula.It is known under weak fluctuation condition, the pass of scintillation index and log-intensity variance
It is to be
If it can measure in certain receiving apertureKnown laser wavelength, path length, aperture parameters, so that it may with
Using calculating in turnTo sum up, you can release principle formula：
It is not directly to be calculated using above formula in practical applicationsBut use more simple calibration formula
The relative error of two formulas is less than 6%.
B. arrival angle fluctuation method
Atmospheric turbulance can not only cause the flicker of laser intensity, and can cause the arrival angle fluctuation of light beam.Angle of arrival rises
Lie prostrate variance and Refractive-index-structure parameterRelationship be：
In formula, D is the aperture of optical receiver, and L is transmission range. For the arrival on azimuth direction
Angle fluctuating variance,For the arrival angle fluctuation variance on pitching angular direction.It can root according to measured arrival angle fluctuation variance
Refractive-index-structure parameter is calculated according to above formula.
(3) measurement of wind direction and wind velocity
Propeller anemometer, i.e. three leaf wind speed and direction measuring instruments, it is that one group of five vane propeller is rotated around trunnion axis
Airspeedometer.Propeller is mounted in the forepart of weathercock, and making its Plane of rotation, face wind comes to its rotating speed is proportional to wind always
Speed.
(4) the wet measurement of temperature and pressure
Temperature, pressure, humidity are obtained by temperature sensor, pressure sensor, humidity sensor measurement respectively.
Apparatus of the present invention can accurately measure atmospheric visibility and turbulence intensity, the side that this item design is measured using transmission-type
Method, it is synchronous to obtain atmospheric visibility and atmospheric turbulence intensity.In addition, we also increase temperature, pressure, wet on this basis
Degree, wind speed and direction measuring system, form a meteorological element Integrated Measurement System.This is for atmosphere environment supervision, air
Quality Forecasting, radiation climate and environmental effect research are of great significance.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of atmospheric turbulence intensity and visibility measurement device, which is characterized in that received including optical emitting unit, optics single
Member, instrument controlling and data receipt unit, wherein：
The optical emitting unit includes semiconductor laser transmitter, chopper, collimation lens set, control power supply, light source driving
Circuit and automatic optical power control circuit, wherein, the control power supply, light source driving circuit and automatic optical power control circuit according to
Secondary connection, the laser from semiconductor laser transmitter send out laser light through light source driving circuit and automatic optical power control circuit
Beam, the chopped device of laser beam carries out optical frequency modulation, for measuring the disturbance of turbulent flow in air；The light receiving unit includes short
Focal length laser pick-off component, camera system, wind speed and direction measuring system, temperature sensor, pressure sensor, humidity sensor and
Temperature control module forms；
The instrument controlling and data receipt unit include sequentially connected data pre-processing unit, A/D converting units, image and adopt
Collect unit, image processing unit and display unit, the laser tube bank after optical emitting cell processing connects by short focus laser
It receives component to be received by camera system later, and successively by data pre-processing unit, A/D converting units, image acquisition units, figure
As processing unit is handled, finally result is shown in display module；
The control power supply measures respectively with temperature sensor, humidity sensor, pressure sensor, camera system and wind direction
System is connected.
2. atmospheric turbulence intensity according to claim 1 and visibility measurement device, which is characterized in that the semiconductor swashs
The optical maser wavelength of optical transmitting set transmitting is 600-900nm, power 15-45w, bandwidth 1-5nm, and the semiconductor laser transmitter leads to
Multimode fibre is crossed to connect laser with chopper, optical fiber output numerical aperture is 0.18-0.23.
3. atmospheric turbulence intensity according to claim 1 and visibility measurement device, which is characterized in that collimation lens set by
One double glued collimation camera lens and a double lens collimation camera lens are formed.
4. atmospheric turbulence intensity according to claim 3 and visibility measurement device, which is characterized in that described double glued accurate
Straight camera lens includes two pieces of glued lens of phase, wherein first piece of lens thickness is 12mm, material H-QK3L, second piece of lens thickness
It spends for 6mm, material SF5, emergent ray angle of divergence RMS value is 0.998 μm.
5. atmospheric turbulence intensity according to claim 3 and visibility measurement device, which is characterized in that the double lens is accurate
Straight camera lens includes two pieces of convex lenses that thickness is respectively 6.7mm, 13mm, and glass material is BK7, emergent ray angle of divergence RMS
It is 0.904 μm to be worth, and distance is 100~125mm between lens.
6. atmospheric turbulence intensity according to claim 1 and visibility measurement device, which is characterized in that the short focus swashs
Light-receiving component is 150-450mm by focal length, the transmission-type camera lens and CCD camera composition that effective aperture D is 30-50mm.
7. atmospheric turbulence intensity according to claim 1 and visibility measurement device, which is characterized in that the camera system
For a video camera, for shooting state of visibility for 24 hours；The wind speed and direction measuring system is three leaf wind speed and direction measuring instruments,
For detecting real-time wind speed and direction；The temperature sensor, pressure sensor, humidity biography are respectively intended to detect real-time air
Temperature, atmospheric pressure and atmospheric humidity.
8. atmospheric turbulence intensity according to claim 1 and visibility measurement device, which is characterized in that the temperature control module
Independently of temperature sensor, pressure sensor and humidity sensor, short focus laser pick-off component internal is set to, for controlling
The temperature of short focus laser pick-off component.
9. atmospheric turbulence intensity according to claim 1 and visibility measurement device, which is characterized in that the semiconductor swashs
Radiator is provided on the outside of optical transmitting set and short focus laser pick-off component.
10. atmospheric turbulence intensity according to claim 1 and visibility measurement device, which is characterized in that the optics hair
It penetrates on the outside of unit, optical receiver unit, instrument controlling and data receipt unit and is respectively arranged with shell.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109187357A (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2019-01-11 | 南京大学 | A kind of atmospheric visibility and turbulent flow synchronized measurement system and measurement method |
| CN114880958A (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2022-08-09 | 南京气象科技创新研究院 | Visibility forecasting model based on multi-meteorological-factor intelligent deep learning |
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| CN105928689A (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2016-09-07 | 中国科学院云南天文台 | Laser far field divergence angle measurement method and device in satellite laser ranging |
| US20170168161A1 (en) * | 2013-10-08 | 2017-06-15 | Soreq Nuclear Reseaerch Center | Atmospheric turbulence data optical system |
| CN208092264U (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-11-13 | 南京大学 | A kind of atmospheric turbulence intensity and visibility measurement device |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20170168161A1 (en) * | 2013-10-08 | 2017-06-15 | Soreq Nuclear Reseaerch Center | Atmospheric turbulence data optical system |
| CN105928689A (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2016-09-07 | 中国科学院云南天文台 | Laser far field divergence angle measurement method and device in satellite laser ranging |
| CN208092264U (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-11-13 | 南京大学 | A kind of atmospheric turbulence intensity and visibility measurement device |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109187357A (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2019-01-11 | 南京大学 | A kind of atmospheric visibility and turbulent flow synchronized measurement system and measurement method |
| CN114880958A (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2022-08-09 | 南京气象科技创新研究院 | Visibility forecasting model based on multi-meteorological-factor intelligent deep learning |
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