CN108225901A - For measuring the device of fracture toughness specimen crack length - Google Patents
For measuring the device of fracture toughness specimen crack length Download PDFInfo
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- CN108225901A CN108225901A CN201810205482.2A CN201810205482A CN108225901A CN 108225901 A CN108225901 A CN 108225901A CN 201810205482 A CN201810205482 A CN 201810205482A CN 108225901 A CN108225901 A CN 108225901A
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- fracture toughness
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001656951 Protheca Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005088 metallography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/062—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with mechanical indicating or recording means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0062—Crack or flaws
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/04—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0605—Mechanical indicating, recording or sensing means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses for measuring the device of fracture toughness specimen crack length, including preceding body, body afterwards, scale structure for the sample holder structure that sample is fixed from side and for measuring crack length, the present invention passes through preceding body, body afterwards, L-type fixture block realizes the fixation to different size fracture toughness specimens on various dimensions, solves the sample movement dislocation in detection process, the problems such as measurement error generated due to placement is improper, pass through measuring scale, Position Scale, realize the accurate measurement in fracture toughness specimen thickness crack length at different location, strong applicability, detection efficiency is higher.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of fracture toughness specimen fracture detection devices, and in particular to for measuring fracture toughness specimen
The device of crack length.
Background technology
The safety assessment of mechanical equipment depends on the development of fracture mechanics.Grasp cracking, the extension of structural material crackle
Condition has great significance to the Calculation of Reliability of equipment.The fracture toughness of Accurate Determining material is to carry out the knot of mechanical equipment
Structure designs and the prerequisite of damage tolerance assessment.Although《The unified examination of the quasi-static toughness of GB/T 21143-2007 metal materials
Proved recipe method》In recommend two distinct types of fracture toughness specimen (be respectively compact tensile specimen and Three Points Bending Specimen),
But in corresponding KQ, JQ calculation formula, fracture crack length is to calculate the Important Parameters of sample fracture toughness.
There are many method for measuring crack length at present, such as utilize the direct method of measurement of vernier caliper and big depth of field metallography microscope
Mirror (or scanning electron microscope) image measurement method etc..But due to lacking special stationary fixture, vernier caliper or microscope are being used
Detection process in, sample puts the improper accuracy that may be introduced measurement error, can not thus ensure crack length.
During measurement, claw and the fracture of vernier caliper are in direct contact, it is easy to destroy the fracture apperance of sample.Fracture surface of sample sheet
Significantly do not indicated at different-thickness position, vernier caliper or microscope when different-thickness position is selected to measure without
Method is accurately positioned, and easily generates measurement error.Disclosed in CN 101782527A《Full-automatic fracture image analyzer》Although can be with
Fracture crack measurement of length is quickly and accurately completed, but the analyzer is complicated for operation, cost is higher, is unfavorable for daily
Detect the popularization and application in work.
Therefore, there is an urgent need to a kind of new technical solutions to solve the test problems of fracture toughness specimen crack length.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide for measuring fracture toughness specimen crack length
Device.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：
For measuring the device of fracture toughness specimen crack length, tried including preceding body, rear body, for being fixed from side
The sample holder structure of sample and the scale structure for measuring crack length, the sample holder structure include L-type fixture block, fixture block
Stop screw, fixture block stop nut and fixture block housing screw, the scale structure include lateral scale, located lateral block, vertical
Scale and vertical sliding block；
It is connected between the preceding body, rear body by body attachment screw, body attaching nut；
Preceding shifting chute and rear shifting chute are respectively arranged on the preceding body, rear body, before fixture block stop screw passes through
Shifting chute, the through-hole of L-type fixture block, rear shifting chute and fixture block stop nut are connected to a fixed, and fixture block housing screw is disposed through
The screw hole of preceding body side and end is in contact with L-type fixture block；
The upper surface of the preceding body, rear body is provided with lateral scale, being provided on lateral scale can be transversely
The located lateral block that scale slides, vertical scale is provided in the both sides of lateral scale, the both ends of lateral scale are connected separately with
Vertical sliding block, vertical sliding block, which is embedded in, to be set in preceding body, rear body upper surface and matching dovetail groove, and can be in ladder
It is vertically slided in shape slot.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the preceding body is inverted u-shaped, and rear body is rectangular-shaped.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the body attachment screw is disposed through preceding body, rear body both sides it is preceding fixed
Position through-hole, rear positioning through hole are simultaneously connect with body attaching nut.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the quantity of the preceding shifting chute is 2, and the quantity of rear shifting chute is 2, and the two is set to be parallel
Put, position corresponds to 2 through-holes on L-type fixture block respectively so that L-type fixture block preceding shifting chute, rear shifting chute length range in
It slides.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the lateral scale surface forms equidistant graduation mark, and graduation mark is no less than 5.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the vertical scale is mounted on by way of splicing in the groove of preceding body both sides.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the located lateral block is socketed on lateral scale, in the middle screw hole of located lateral block
Located lateral block fixing screws are inside provided with, for the position of located lateral block being fixed in reading.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the lower part of the vertical sliding block is formed with trapezoid block, on trapezoid block vertically
On be formed with the first screw hole and the second screw hole, scale fixing screws pass through the through-hole of lateral scale both sides to screw in the first screw hole,
Vertical slider locking screw is screwed in the second screw hole, in the position by fixing vertical sliding block during vertical rod reading.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the angle-style with the cooperation of L-type fixture block front end inclined-plane is formed at the lower part of the located lateral block
Protrusion is split so as to which the located lateral block volume of itself is avoided to block when located lateral block measures the position of L-type fixture block front end
Line.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, protrusion block, the right side facade conduct of protrusion block are provided on the left of the lateral scale
Graduation mark zero, that is, the starting point measured.
For measuring the application method of the device of fracture toughness specimen crack length, carried out according to the following steps：
Step 1: fracture toughness specimen to be measured is put between preceding body, rear body, it is solid to adjust the locking of body attachment screw
It is fixed；
Step 2: by screwing in fixture block housing screw, L-type fixture block is pushed, fracture toughness specimen to be measured is pushed into preceding body
Side；
Step 3: vertically scale adjusts mobile vertical sliding block, located lateral block alignment fracture crack leading edge is adjusted, with reference to
The scale of lateral scale reads crack length.
The advantages of the present invention are：
The present invention is realized to different size fracture toughness specimens by preceding body, rear body, L-type fixture block on various dimensions
It is fixed, it solves the problems such as sample in detection process moves dislocation, the measurement error generated due to placement is improper, passes through measurement
Ruler, Position Scale realize the accurate measurement in fracture toughness specimen thickness crack length at different location, strong applicability, inspection
It is higher to survey efficiency.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall structure stereoscopic schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of present invention clamping compact tension specimen (CT) sample；
Fig. 3 is along the sectional view of Section A-A in Fig. 2；
Fig. 4 is the vertical view of present invention clamping Three Points Bending Specimen；
Fig. 5 is along the sectional view of section B-B in Fig. 4；
Fig. 6 is the structure diagram of preceding body in the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the structure diagram of rear body in the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the structure diagram of L-type fixture block in the present invention；
Fig. 9 is the structure diagram of located lateral block in the present invention；
Figure 10 is the structure diagram of vertical sliding block in the present invention；
Wherein：
Front and rear body：010th, preceding body；011st, preceding shifting chute；012nd, dovetail groove；013rd, groove；014th, screw hole；015th, it is preceding
Positioning through hole；020th, rear body；021st, rear shifting chute；022nd, rear positioning through hole；140th, body attachment screw；150th, body connects
Nut
Sample holder structure：030th, L-type fixture block；031st, through-hole；032nd, inclined-plane；040th, fixture block stop screw；050th, fixture block
Stop nut；130th, fixture block housing screw；
Scale structure：060th, vertical scale；070th, lateral scale；080th, located lateral block；081st, middle screw hole；082nd, angle-style
Protrusion；090th, vertical sliding block；091st, the first screw hole；092nd, trapezoid block；093rd, the second screw hole；100th, scale fixing screws；110、
Vertical slider locking screw；120th, located lateral block fixing screws；
Sample：160th, fracture sample.
It for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, can be according to above attached
Figure obtains other relevant drawings.
Specific embodiment
In order to which those skilled in the art is made to more fully understand the present invention program, with reference to specific embodiment furtherly
Bright technical scheme of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
For measuring the device of fracture toughness specimen crack length, including preceding body 010, rear body 020, for from side
The sample holder structure of fixed sample and the scale structure for measuring crack length, the sample holder structure are pressed from both sides including L-type
Block 030, fixture block stop screw 040, fixture block stop nut 050 and fixture block housing screw 130, the scale structure include laterally marking
Ruler 070, located lateral block 080, vertical scale 060 and vertical sliding block 090；
It is connected between the preceding body, rear body by body attachment screw 140, body attaching nut 150；
The preceding body is inverted u-shaped, and rear body is rectangular-shaped.
Embodiment 2
For measuring the device of fracture toughness specimen crack length, including preceding body 010, rear body 020, for from side
The sample holder structure of fixed sample and the scale structure for measuring crack length, the sample holder structure are pressed from both sides including L-type
Block 030, fixture block stop screw 040, fixture block stop nut 050 and fixture block housing screw 130, the scale structure include laterally marking
Ruler 070, located lateral block 080, vertical scale 060 and vertical sliding block 090；
Preceding shifting chute 011 and rear shifting chute 021, fixture block stop screw are respectively arranged on the preceding body, rear body
It is connected to a fixed across preceding shifting chute, the through-hole 031 of L-type fixture block, rear shifting chute and fixture block stop nut, fixture block housing screw is worn
It crosses the screw hole 014 of body side before being set to and end is in contact with L-type fixture block；
Preceding body that the body attachment screw is disposed through, the prelocalization through-hole 015 of rear body both sides, rear positioning are logical
Hole 022 is simultaneously connect with body attaching nut.
The quantity of the preceding shifting chute is 2, and the quantity of rear shifting chute is 2, and for the two to be arranged in parallel, position corresponds to L respectively
2 through-holes on type fixture block so that L-type fixture block preceding shifting chute, rear shifting chute length range in slide.
Embodiment 3
For measuring the device of fracture toughness specimen crack length, including preceding body 010, rear body 020, for from side
The sample holder structure of fixed sample and the scale structure for measuring crack length, the sample holder structure are pressed from both sides including L-type
Block 030, fixture block stop screw 040, fixture block stop nut 050 and fixture block housing screw 130, the scale structure include laterally marking
Ruler 070, located lateral block 080, vertical scale 060 and vertical sliding block 090；
The upper surface of the preceding body, rear body is provided with lateral scale, being provided on lateral scale can be transversely
The located lateral block that scale slides, vertical scale is provided in the both sides of lateral scale, the both ends of lateral scale are connected separately with
Vertical sliding block, vertical sliding block, which is embedded in, to be set in preceding body, rear body upper surface and matching dovetail groove 012, and can
It is vertically slided in dovetail groove.
The transverse direction scale surface forms equidistant graduation mark, and graduation mark is 10.
The vertical scale is by way of splicing in the groove 013 of preceding body both sides.
The located lateral block is socketed on lateral scale, and it is laterally fixed to be provided in the middle screw hole 081 of located lateral block
Position block fixing screws 120, for fixing the position of located lateral block in reading.
The lower part of the vertical sliding block is formed with trapezoid block 092, on trapezoid block vertically on be formed with the first spiral shell
091 and second screw hole 093 of hole, scale fixing screws 100 pass through the through-hole of lateral scale both sides to screw in the first screw hole, vertical sliding
Block lock-screw 110 is screwed in the second screw hole, in the position by fixing vertical sliding block during vertical rod reading.
The angle-style protrusion 082 coordinated with L-type fixture block front end inclined-plane 032 is formed at the lower part of the located lateral block, so as to work as
Located lateral block avoids the located lateral block volume of itself from blocking crackle when measuring the position of L-type fixture block front end.
The interior edge of the preceding body and screw hole opposite side be the starting point of measurement, i.e., with the graduation mark zero phase of lateral scale
Alignment.
Embodiment 4
The course of work that the present invention measures compact tensile specimen fracture crack length is as follows：
Compact tensile specimen fracture is placed between preceding body 010, rear body 020, adjusts body attachment screw 140,
Clamp compact tensile specimen；Fixture block housing screw 130 is screwed in, L-type fixture block 030 is driven, compresses compact tensile specimen to the left.
Scale fixing screws 100 are screwed in, lateral scale 070 is fixed；Mobile vertical sliding block 090 reaches vertical mark
Behind the position of 060 figure line of ruler, adjust vertical slider locking screw 110 and fix the position of vertical sliding block 090；Left and right is moved
Dynamic located lateral block 080 makes 082 tip of angle-style protrusion be directed toward compact tensile specimen fracture crack leading edge, and locking located lateral block is consolidated
Determine the position of 120 fixed lateral locating piece 080 of screw, with reference to the scale of lateral scale 070, read crack length.
Embodiment 5
The course of work that the present invention measures Three Points Bending Specimen fracture crack length is as follows：
Three Points Bending Specimen fracture is placed between preceding body 010, rear body 020, adjusts body attachment screw 140,
Clamp Three Points Bending Specimen；Fixture block housing screw 130 is screwed in, L-type fixture block 030 is driven, compresses Three Points Bending Specimen to the left.
Scale fixing screws 100 are screwed in, lateral scale 070 is fixed；Mobile vertical sliding block 090 reaches vertical mark
Behind the position of 060 figure line of ruler, adjust vertical slider locking screw 110 and fix the position of vertical sliding block 090；Left and right is moved
Dynamic located lateral block 080 makes 082 tip of angle-style protrusion be directed toward Three Points Bending Specimen fracture crack leading edge, and locking located lateral block is consolidated
Determine the position of 120 fixed lateral locating piece 080 of screw, with reference to the scale of lateral scale 070, read crack length.
For ease of explanation, the spatially relative terms such as " on ", " under ", "left", "right" are used in embodiment, have been used for
The elements or features shown in definition graph relative to another elements or features relationship.It should be understood that in addition to figure
In except the orientation that shows, spatial terminology is intended to include the different direction of device in use or operation.If for example, in figure
Device be squeezed, be stated as being located at other elements or feature " under " element will be located into other elements or feature " on ".
Therefore, exemplary term " under " both upper and lower orientation can be included.Device, which can be positioned otherwise, (to be rotated by 90 ° or position
In other orientation), it can correspondingly be explained used herein of the opposite explanation in space.
Moreover, the relational terms of such as " first " and " second " or the like are used merely to one with another with identical
The component of title distinguishes, without necessarily requiring or implying between these components there are any this practical relationship or
Sequentially.
Illustrative description has been done to the present invention above, it should explanation, in the situation for the core for not departing from the present invention
Under, any simple deformation, modification or other skilled in the art can not spend the equivalent replacement of creative work equal
Fall into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. for measuring the device of fracture toughness specimen crack length, it is characterised in that：Including preceding body, rear body, for from
The sample holder structure of sample and the scale structure for measuring crack length are fixed in side, and the sample holder structure includes L
Type fixture block, fixture block stop screw, fixture block stop nut and fixture block housing screw, the scale structure include lateral scale, transverse direction
Locating piece, vertical scale and vertical sliding block；
It is connected between the preceding body, rear body by body attachment screw, body attaching nut；
Preceding shifting chute and rear shifting chute are respectively arranged on the preceding body, rear body, fixture block stop screw passes through preceding movement
Slot, the through-hole of L-type fixture block, rear shifting chute and fixture block stop nut are connected to a fixed, and fixture block housing screw is disposed through protheca
The screw hole of body side and end is in contact with L-type fixture block；
The upper surface of the preceding body, rear body is provided with lateral scale, being provided on lateral scale can transversely scale
The located lateral block of slip, vertical scale is provided in the both sides of lateral scale, and the both ends of lateral scale are connected separately with vertically
Sliding block, vertical sliding block, which is embedded in, to be set in preceding body, rear body upper surface and matching dovetail groove, and can be in dovetail groove
Inside vertically slide.
2. the device according to claim 1 for being used to measure fracture toughness specimen crack length, it is characterised in that：Before described
Body is inverted u-shaped, and rear body is rectangular-shaped.
3. the device according to claim 1 for being used to measure fracture toughness specimen crack length, it is characterised in that：The set
Preceding body that body attachment screw is disposed through, the prelocalization through-hole of rear body both sides, rear positioning through hole simultaneously connect spiral shell with body
Mother's connection.
4. the device according to claim 1 for being used to measure fracture toughness specimen crack length, it is characterised in that：Before described
The quantity of shifting chute is 2, and the quantity of rear shifting chute is 2, and the two to be arranged in parallel, lead to by correspond to respectively on L-type fixture block 2 of position
Hole so that L-type fixture block preceding shifting chute, rear shifting chute length range in slide.
5. the device according to claim 1 for being used to measure fracture toughness specimen crack length, it is characterised in that：The horizontal stroke
Equidistant graduation mark is formed to scale surface, graduation mark is no less than 5.
6. the device according to claim 1 for being used to measure fracture toughness specimen crack length, it is characterised in that：It is described perpendicular
It is mounted in the groove of preceding body both sides by way of splicing to scale.
7. the device according to claim 1 for being used to measure fracture toughness specimen crack length, it is characterised in that：The horizontal stroke
It is socketed on lateral scale to locating piece, located lateral block fixing screws is provided in the middle screw hole of located lateral block, are used for
The position of located lateral block is fixed in reading.
8. the device according to claim 1 for being used to measure fracture toughness specimen crack length, it is characterised in that：It is described perpendicular
Be formed with trapezoid block to the lower part of sliding block, on trapezoid block vertically on be formed with the first screw hole and the second screw hole, scale
Fixing screws pass through the through-hole of lateral scale both sides to screw in the first screw hole, and vertical slider locking screw is screwed in the second screw hole,
For in the position by fixing vertical sliding block during vertical rod reading.
9. the device according to claim 1 for being used to measure fracture toughness specimen crack length, it is characterised in that：The horizontal stroke
It is raised to the angle-style that the lower part of locating piece is formed with L-type fixture block front end inclined-plane coordinates, so that when located lateral block measures L-type folder
The located lateral block volume of itself is avoided to block crackle during the position of block front end.
10. the device according to claim 1 for being used to measure fracture toughness specimen crack length, it is characterised in that：Institute
It states and is provided with protrusion block on the left of lateral scale, the right side facade of protrusion block is as graduation mark zero.
11. for measuring the application method of the device of fracture toughness specimen crack length, it is characterised in that：
Step 1: fracture toughness specimen to be measured is put between preceding body, rear body, adjusts body attachment screw and be locked；
Step 2: by screwing in fixture block housing screw, L-type fixture block is pushed, body side before fracture toughness specimen to be measured is pushed into；
Step 3: vertically scale adjusts mobile vertical sliding block, located lateral block alignment fracture crack leading edge is adjusted, with reference to transverse direction
The scale of scale reads crack length.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810205482.2A CN108225901B (en) | 2018-03-13 | 2018-03-13 | Device for measuring crack length of fracture toughness test sample |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810205482.2A CN108225901B (en) | 2018-03-13 | 2018-03-13 | Device for measuring crack length of fracture toughness test sample |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN108225901A true CN108225901A (en) | 2018-06-29 |
| CN108225901B CN108225901B (en) | 2024-05-31 |
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| CN201810205482.2A Active CN108225901B (en) | 2018-03-13 | 2018-03-13 | Device for measuring crack length of fracture toughness test sample |
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2018
- 2018-03-13 CN CN201810205482.2A patent/CN108225901B/en active Active
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4299120A (en) * | 1979-03-19 | 1981-11-10 | Terra Tek, Inc. | Method for determining plane strain fracture toughness of non-elastic fracture mechanics specimens |
| DE19625419A1 (en) * | 1996-06-25 | 1998-01-02 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Optical detection of crack initiation |
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