CN108225768B - A method of diagnosis bearing axially abrades and extends failure and reduce the failure - Google Patents
A method of diagnosis bearing axially abrades and extends failure and reduce the failure Download PDFInfo
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- CN108225768B CN108225768B CN201611162130.0A CN201611162130A CN108225768B CN 108225768 B CN108225768 B CN 108225768B CN 201611162130 A CN201611162130 A CN 201611162130A CN 108225768 B CN108225768 B CN 108225768B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/04—Bearings
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Abstract
A method of diagnosis bearing axially abrades and extends failure and reduce the failure, for the outer ring and inner ring of bearing, it realizes with the presence or absence of the profound diagnosis for being evenly distributed with axially scratch, scratch is extended to removing, scratch initiation is broken, so as to uniformly be abraded to only appearance but not yet expand to removing or fracture person, it realizes continuing to use using its remaining life, and is occurring updating bearing immediately when scratch is extended to removing or fracture.The remaining life of scratch bearing can be made full use of, increase economic efficiency by reaching, it can identify in time again, update failure extension bearing, prevent initiation accident, and guide reasonable selection replacement bearing, it prevents uniformly distributed scratch and consequent malfunction from frequently occurring, improves the target of equipment Reliability.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to rail traffic vehicles fault diagnosis, safeguard protection and reliability design technology fields, are related to one kind
The method that diagnosis bearing axially abrades and extends failure and reduce the failure.
Background technique
Rail traffic rapidly develops in China, and enters international market.At a high speed, heavy duty is its theme.But therewith
The problem of generation is used bearing, and axle hung bearing, the gear of motor are hung including wheel axle box bearing, on axle
Axle box bearing and motor bearings failure rate are relatively high, wherein tapered roller bearing used is due to the rolling of inner and outer rings and roller
Working face bears large axial directional load, instead of when using cylinder roller bearing because of side that the sliding working face with roller end carries
Formula, and failure rate is greatly reduced.But its special phenomenon of the failure (the axially scratch, removing of inner ring, outer ring, roller) is still
It is multiple, severely compromise the safety of EEF bogie.
The damage of the tapered roller bearing of EEF bogie often occurs when it is far from lifetime, and characteristic phenomenon is: interior
The multiple strip scratch axially of ring, outer ring, scar number are equal to the roller number Z of bearing, and such scratch occurs more sometimes
Group, the spacing of per pass scar is equal to the spacing of roller in every group, and abrading mark in the smaller diameter end of raceway has metal accumulation；Roller
Then working face generation is being rolled along axial penetrability scratch, every group had two scratches are accurately distributed in circumference symmetric position,
There are also multiple groups to abrade for some；The scratch of inner and outer ring is then extended to removing or is strictly broken along axis, and abrasive inner ring is occurring
Inner hole also occurs and not equal to the axial scratch and circumferential scratch of roller number, and the inner ring inner hole being broken then it is circumferential with
Axial scratch.
Due to axially uniformly being abraded once there is inner and outer ring, then in subsequent operating, when roller passes through industry in supporting region
When existing abrasive raceway, strong impact just occurs, causes to fill based on generalized resonance/resonance demodulation technique Bearing testing
It sets and alarms；And classical, caused by material local defect defect removing and fracture usually only occur at list, also will
Cause bearing detecting device to alarm.But the uniformly distributed abrasive harm is much smaller than the harm of single place's damage, the former still have compared with
Long, utilizable remaining life, and the latter does not have then, and will cause accident quickly.Therefore, it is necessary to pass through diagnosis identification:
(removing, crackle, fracture) is damaged at single, uniformly distributed scratch, uniformly abrades the removing or fracture developed into, so as to guide view feelings dimension
It repairs.
The revealed signal rule of fault diagnosis Analysis on Mechanism is: the damage impact caused with uniformly distributed scratch is resonated at single
Demodulated signal is different.Such as inner ring, only in the supporting region for running to bearing, 2~4 rollers of Cai Huiyu impact for damage,
Impact signal occurs, this is because bearing has radial clearance, and the clearance always concentrates on non-bearing area, inner ring damage
When going to non-bearing area, although also contact roller, there is oil film buffering, does not generate impact.So damage, fracture at single
Inner ring, rotated in one week time in axis, 2~4 shock pulses only generated when damaging and passing through supporting region occur
Shaft modulates the amplitude that inner ring failure is impacted, and frequency spectrum not only has equal to inner ring fault characteristic frequency fnei=(D0+d) * fn*
The primary spectrum of Z/ (2*D0) also occurs composing with the side frequency for the integral multiple that the frequency phase-difference of primary spectrum is shaft frequency fn on the both sides of primary spectrum
Fnb=fnei ± (n*fn), in formula, D0 is the central diameter of bearing, and d is roller diameter, and Z is roller quantity, and n natural numbers also go out
Existing frequency is equal to the modulation spectrum fnd=n*fn for turning the integral multiple of frequency fn, such as attached drawing 1；But inner ring scratch is caused, uniformly distributed, number
Amount is equal to the damage of roller number when passing through supporting region, although shock pulse caused by everywhere is damaged also only has 2~4,
It is superimposed in succession with 2~4 shock pulses caused by adjacent, the subsequent scratch by supporting region, so that whole impact
It is when axis rotates one week almost without there is the amplitude modulation that shaft impacts inner ring failure, such as attached drawing 2.
Therefore, uniformly distributed abrade with the method damaged at list of classical identification is the recognition methods based on spectrum analysis: if depositing
It is then that inner ring is single or a small amount of failure in inner ring primary spectrum fnei and there are also side frequency spectrum and modulation spectrum；If it exists inner ring primary spectrum and
There is no (apparent) side frequency spectrum and modulation spectrum, is then uniformly distributed attrition fault.
It has a disadvantage in that, when uniformly the scratch of abrasive certain road expands to removing, so that the removing causes bigger impact,
But because being superimposed in succession with the impact of the scratch of other no removings, then its amplitude scintillation is very small, is especially still not enough to cause obvious
Side frequency spectrum and modulation spectrum, thus cannot still identify have been expanded to removing failure；When uniformly abrasive certain road scratch extension
To fracture, so that the fracture causes bigger impact, but because being superimposed in succession with the impact of the scratch of other no fractures, then its width
Degree fluctuating is also very small, is especially still not enough to cause apparent side frequency spectrum and modulation spectrum, have spread over to cannot still identify
The failure of fracture.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome drawbacks described above of the existing technology, provide a kind of diagnosis bearing
Axial scratch and extension failure and the method for reducing the failure.The present invention is based on existing application generalized resonance/resonance and demodulation skills
Art, using the corresponding detecting instrument for detecting the sensor of failure impact and being attached thereto, what detection working machines were exported includes
The information of bearing fault impact, and the sample comprising bearing fault impact information is obtained by existing rotating-speed tracking sampling technique,
Again by necessary filtering processing after, for the outer ring and inner ring of bearing, be made whether there is uniformly distributed axial scratch, scratch extension
To remove, abrading the profound diagnosis for causing fracture.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
It is partially stripped or is broken and put forward to identify uniformly distributed scratch, single place's damage, uniformly abrade to be extended to, be based on
A kind of diagnosis bearing of the recognition methods of time domain waveform amplitude and distribution characteristics, the i.e. present invention axially abrades and the side of extension failure
Method includes the following steps:
The sensor impacted using detection failure and the corresponding detecting instrument being attached thereto, it is solid for inner ring rotation, outer ring
Fixed bearing is rushed using the failure of existing generalized resonance/resonance and demodulation method and existing rotating-speed tracking detection method detection bearing
Signal is hit, and I uniform sampling (such as I=200 or 400) is carried out to signal in each rotation period of shaft, obtains event
Hinder impact signal sample S0 (i), sample length i is random length (such as 2K).Then diagnose bearing axially scratch and extension event
The method of barrier is in the steps below:
Step 1, failure impact signal sample S0 (i) filtering is obtained length is to impact comprising N number of failure maximum in S0 (i)
The impact signal S (i) in period, the value of Integer N are INT (the theoretical cycle length of the length of S0 (i) sample/failure impact)；
Seek maximum (i.e. peak value) signal SJ (i) of S (i) waveform；Seek the maximum value MAX of SJ (i)SJ；Seek the peak average value of SJ (i)
MEANSJ；Calculate the theoretical period L of adjacent inner ring failure impact caused by inner ring single faultnei=INT (I*2*D0/ (D0+d)/
Z the theoretical period L of adjacent outer ring failure impact) and caused by outer ring single faultwai=INT (I*2*D0/ (D0-d)/Z), formula
In, D0 is the nominal central diameter of bearing, and d is nominal diameter of a roller, and Z is roller number, and INT is the function that rounds up, and I is sampling system
Number, is defined as the uniform sampling number of rotor each rotation.
Step 2, it asks and is greater than 0.3*MAX in SJ (i)SJFailure impact number N1；The mutual spacing B1 of N1 wave one by one is measured,
If all B1 meet 0.1 >=B1/Lnei-INT(B1/Lnei) >=- 0.1, then confidence level X1=1, otherwise X1=0；INT is in formula
Round up function.
Step 3, it asks and is greater than 0.8*MAX in SJ (i)SJFailure impact number N2；The mutual spacing B2 of N2 wave one by one is measured,
If all B2 meet 0.1 >=B2/Lnei-INT(B2/Lnei) >=- 0.1, then confidence level X2=1, otherwise X2=0, INT is in formula
Round up function.
Step 4, failure at inner ring list is diagnosed as if N1/N < 1/5 and X1=1.Indicate that inner ring rotates one week, 1/5 section
There is impact.
Inner ring is diagnosed as if 1/5 < N1/N < 1/2 and X1=1 locally to abrade.Indicate that inner ring rotates one week, 1/2 section has
Impact.
Inner ring is diagnosed as if N1/N > 1/2 and X1=1 uniformly to abrade.It indicates that inner ring rotates one week, has more than 1/2 section
Impact.
If N2/N < 1/8 and X2=1 and MAXSJ/MEANSJ> 1.6 are diagnosed as extending to fracture at inner ring list.
Step 5, it asks and is greater than 1.5*MEAN in SJ (i)SJFailure impact number N3；Measure the mutual spacing of N3 wave one by one
B3, if all B3 meet it is two neighboring and be equal to Lwai, then be diagnosed as outer ring removing, if all B3 be not satisfied it is two neighboring
And be equal to Lwai, then it is diagnosed as outer ring scratch；If all B3 meet it is two neighboring and be equal to Lnei, then it is diagnosed as interior band girdle
From；If all B3 be not satisfied it is two neighboring and be equal to Lnei, then classify by step 4；
In addition, removing width can also be calculated by impacting spacing B3 according to failure: outer ring being removed, is circled in rotor
During bearing retainer with respect to moving distance Cbw=(D0-d)/(2D0) * Cwai of outer ring, then outer ring removes width
For WB=B3/I*Cbw；For inner ring remove, during rotor circles the retainer of bearing relative to inner ring movement away from
From Cbn=[1- (D0-d)/(2D0)] * Cnei=(D0+d)/(2D0) * Cnei, then inner ring removing width is WB=B3/I*
Cbn。
In formula, I is downsampling factor, is defined as the uniform sampling number of rotor each rotation, such as I=400,
Cwai be outer-race ball track perimeter, Cwai=(D0+d) * π,
Cnei is inner race perimeter, Cnei=(D0-d) * π.
Fixed for inner ring, the bearing of outer ring rotation, using existing generalized resonance/resonance and demodulation method and existing revolving speed with
Track detection method detects the failure impact signal of bearing, and uniformly adopt for I times to signal in each rotation period of shaft
Sample (such as I=200 or 400) obtains failure impact signal sample S0 (i), and sample length i is random length (such as 2K)。
Bearing is then diagnosed axially to abrade and extend the method for failure in the steps below:
Step 1, failure impact signal sample S0 (i) filtering is obtained length is to impact comprising N number of failure maximum in S0 (i)
The impact signal S (i) in period, the value of Integer N are INT (the theoretical cycle length of the length of S0 (i) sample/failure impact)；
The very big value signal SJ (i) for seeking S (i) waveform seeks the maximum value MAX of SJ (i)SJ, seek the peak average value MEAN of SJ (i)SJ；
Calculate the theoretical period L of adjacent inner ring failure impact caused by inner ring single faultnei=INT (I*2*D0/ (D0+d)/Z) and outer
The theoretical period L of adjacent outer ring failure impact caused by ring single faultwai=INT (I*2*D0/ (D0-d)/Z), in formula, D0 is
The nominal central diameter of bearing, d are nominal diameter of a roller, and Z is roller number, and INT is the function that rounds up, and I is downsampling factor, definition
For the uniform sampling number of rotor each rotation.
Step 2, it asks and is greater than 0.3*MAX in SJ (i)SJFailure impact number N1；The mutual spacing B1 of N1 wave one by one is measured,
If all B1 meet 0.1 >=B1/Lwai-INT(B1/Lwai) >=- 0.1, then confidence level X1=1, otherwise X1=0；INT is in formula
Round up function.
Step 3, it asks and is greater than 0.8*MAX in SJ (i)SJFailure impact number N2；The mutual spacing B2 of N2 wave one by one is measured,
If all B2 meet 0.1 >=B2/Lwai-INT(B2/Lwai) >=- 0.1, then confidence level X2=1, otherwise X2=0, INT is in formula
Round up function.
Step 4, failure at outer ring list is diagnosed as if N1/N < 1/5 and X1=1.Indicate that outer ring rotates one week, 1/5 section
There is impact.
Outer ring is diagnosed as if 1/5 < N1/N < 1/2 and X1=1 locally to abrade.Indicate that outer ring rotates one week, 1/2 section has
Impact.
Outer ring is diagnosed as if N1/N > 1/2 and X1=1 uniformly to abrade.It indicates that outer ring rotates one week, has more than 1/2 section
Impact.
If N2/N < 1/8 and X2=1 and MAXSJ/MEANSJ> 1.6 are diagnosed as extending to fracture at outer ring list.
Step 5, it asks and is greater than 1.5*MEAN in SJ (i)SJFailure impact number N3；Measure the mutual spacing of N3 wave one by one
B3, if all B3 meet it is two neighboring and be equal to Lwai, then it is diagnosed as outer ring removing；If all B3 are not satisfied two neighboring
And be equal to Lwai, then classify by step 4；If all B3 meet it is two neighboring and be equal to Lnei, then it is diagnosed as inner ring removing；If
All B3 be not satisfied it is two neighboring and be equal to Lnei, then it is diagnosed as inner ring scratch.
Removing width can be calculated by impacting spacing B3 according to failure: outer ring be removed, in the process that rotor circles
The retainer of middle (center) bearing is with respect to moving distance Cbw=(D0-d)/(2D0) * Cwai of outer ring, and then outer ring removing width is WB=
B3/I*Cbw；Inner ring is removed, moving distance Cbn=of the retainer of bearing with respect to inner ring during rotor circles
[1- (D0-d)/(2D0)] * Cnei=(D0+d)/(2D0) * Cnei, then inner ring removing width is WB=B3/I*Cbn.
In formula, I is downsampling factor, is defined as the uniform sampling number of rotor each rotation,
Cwai be outer-race ball track perimeter, Cwai=(D0+d) * π,
Cnei is inner race perimeter, Cnei=(D0-d) * π.
It is fixed for outer ring, the bearing of inner ring rotation, it is described by failure impact signal sample S0 when detecting inner ring failure
(i) it is the impact signal S (i) comprising N number of failure impulse period maximum in S0 (i), processing method are as follows: right that filtering, which obtains length,
Failure impact signal sample carries out the rotor integer period, retains multistage inner ring spectrum, retains the multistage side frequency spectrum of its turn of frequency, retains
The filtering of the multistage modulation spectrum of its turn of frequency；It is described to be grown failure impact signal sample S0 (i) filtering when detecting outer ring failure
Degree is the impact signal S (i) comprising N number of failure impulse period maximum in S0 (i), processing method are as follows: to failure impact signal
Sample carries out retaining multistage outer ring spectrum, retains its filtering protected outer multistage side frequency spectrum, retain the outer multistage modulation spectrum of its guarantor.
And fixed for inner ring, the bearing of outer ring rotation, it is described by failure impact signal sample when detecting outer ring failure
It is the impact signal S (i) comprising N number of failure impulse period maximum in S0 (i), processing method that S0 (i) filtering, which obtains length, are as follows:
Retain multistage outer ring spectrum to failure impact signal sample, retain the multistage side frequency spectrum of its turn of frequency, retain the multistage modulation of its turn of frequency
The filtering of spectrum；It is described that failure impact signal sample S0 (i) filtering is obtained into length as comprising S0 (i) when detecting inner ring failure
The impact signal S (i) of the middle N number of failure impulse period of maximum, processing method are as follows: failure impact signal sample is retained more
Rank inner ring spectrum retains its filtering protected interior multistage side frequency spectrum, retain multistage modulation spectrum in its guarantor.
" protecting outer " is to maintain the frequency that frame touches outer ring with respect to the rotational frequency or retainer of outer ring, and " in guarantor " is to maintain frame phase
Rotational frequency or retainer to inner ring touch the frequency of inner ring." protecting outer multistage side frequency spectrum " refers to fault-signal because by retainer
The modulation of opposite outer ring rotational frequency signal, the spectral line of the rotational frequency of outer ring opposite equal to retainer with fault spectrum difference on the frequency.
" protecting outer multistage modulation spectrum " refers to that fault-signal because of the modulation by retainer with respect to outer ring rotational frequency signal, goes out on frequency spectrum
Existing frequency is equal to spectral line and its high-order of the retainer with respect to the rotational frequency of outer ring." multistage side frequency spectrum in protecting " refers to that failure is believed
Number because of the modulation by retainer with respect to inner ring rotational frequency signal, turn of the opposite inner ring of retainer is equal to fault spectrum difference on the frequency
The spectral line of dynamic frequency." multistage modulation spectrum in protecting " refers to fault-signal because of the tune by retainer with respect to inner ring rotational frequency signal
System, the frequency occurred on frequency spectrum are equal to spectral line and its high-order of the retainer with respect to the rotational frequency of inner ring.
According to filtered impact strength, the differential dB value of failure is calculated using the software kit on corresponding detecting instrument, and
Determine alert levels: outer ring Alert Standard is 49dB, and outer ring level-one alarm criteria is 55dB, and outer ring secondary alarm standard is
61dB；Inner ring Alert Standard is 44dB, and inner ring level-one alarm criteria is 50dB, and inner ring secondary alarm standard is 56dB.For into one
Walk guide maintenance, according to alert levels can in the software kit of corresponding detecting instrument with " scratch X grade ", " X grades of removing ", " break
Split X grades " mode reminded, such as alert levels are the removing failure of second level, are prompted for " removing second level ".
The corresponding detecting instrument is existing apparatus (such as locomotive running gear of Beijing Tangzhi Science Development Co., Ltd's production
Vehicle-bone monitoring device, the software kit in locomotive running gear vehicle-bone monitoring device are existing software.).
Axially the process of scratch and extension failure is as shown in Fig. 3 for above-mentioned diagnosis bearing.
A method of the scratch of bearing axial direction and extension failure being reduced, if diagnosis inner ring as previously described occurs and uniformly abrades event
Barrier, or outer ring removing failure and inner ring removing failure as previously described, or fracture defect is extended at inner ring list as previously described, or such as
The preceding outer ring is evenly distributed at attrition fault, or outer ring list as previously described and extends to fracture defect, then proposes guide maintenance, bearing choosing
Type and the improved suggestion of design: the removing of uniformly distributed scratch and initiation caused by the relaxation of inner ring axial and circumferential, fracture, Ying Zengjia are prevented
Inner ring installs magnitude of interference, or adds the stop measure for preventing inner ring axial float, circumferentially sliding；To prevent inner ring because of locking increase
Fracture caused by magnitude of interference should then increase the intensity of inner ring.
" rotating-speed tracking of varying-speed machinery fault diagnosis samples and clef solidification analysis referring to patent for rotating-speed tracking sampling technique
Method " (CN201010169783.8).
Software kit (the existing software kit in locomotive running gear vehicle-bone monitoring device) on detecting instrument is according to patent
The vibratory impulse compound sensor of low frequency characteristic " a kind of improve " (CN201210558707.5), " a kind of detection vibratory impulse
Generalized resonance composite sensor " (CN200810200735.3), " a kind of resonance demodulation detection method of mechanical failure impact "
(CN200910056925.7), " rotating-speed tracking of varying-speed machinery fault diagnosis samples and clef solidifies analysis method "
(CN201010169783.8) it works out.
It is using beneficial effect caused by above-mentioned technical proposal of the invention:
Based on existing defeated using generalized resonance/resonance demodulation technique bearing fault detection device detection working machines institute
The information comprising bearing fault impact out, and by rotating-speed tracking sampling technique obtain comprising bearing fault impact information
Sample, for the outer ring and inner ring of bearing, is realized with the presence or absence of uniformly distributed axial scratch, scratch after necessary filtering processing
It is extended to removing, abrades the profound diagnosis that initiation is broken, so as to uniformly be abraded to only appearance but not yet expand to removing
Or fracture person realizes continuing to use using its remaining life, and occurring updating axis immediately when scratch is extended to removing or fracture
It holds.The remaining life of scratch bearing can be made full use of, increase economic efficiency and identify in time, update failure extension by reaching
Bearing prevents initiation accident, and guides the bearing for reasonably selecting and replacing, and reaching prevents uniformly distributed scratch and consequent malfunction from frequently sending out
It is raw, improve the target of equipment Reliability.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the resonance and demodulation detection waveform figure and spectrogram of failure at inner ring list；
Fig. 2 is the resonance and demodulation detection waveform figure and spectrogram that inner ring is evenly distributed with attrition fault；
Fig. 3 is the flow chart for diagnosing bearing and axially abrading and extend failure；
Fig. 4 is the resonance and demodulation detection waveform figure and spectrogram that outer ring removes failure；
Fig. 5 is that the outer ring through a filtered shaft period removes surge waveform figure；
Fig. 6 is the very big value signal and impact spacing that outer ring removes surge waveform；
Fig. 7 is the software recognition effect that attrition fault is extended to removing；
Fig. 8 is the resonance and demodulation detection waveform figure and spectrogram of outer ring attrition fault；
Fig. 9 is that the outer ring through a filtered shaft period abrades surge waveform figure；
Figure 10 is the very big value signal and impact spacing that outer ring abrades surge waveform；
Figure 11 is the software recognition effect of outer ring attrition fault；
Figure 12 is that the inner ring through a filtered shaft period is broken surge waveform figure；
Figure 13 is the very big value signal and impact spacing that inner ring is broken surge waveform；
Figure 14 is the software recognition effect that attrition fault is extended to fracture.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
Embodiment 1, the removing identification of certain HX type locomotive axle hung bearing outer ring
No. 3 measuring point bearings of 1 axis of certain locomotive depot HX type locomotive are because alarm is disassembled, the discovery outer-race ball track axis uniformly distributed there are multiple tracks
To scratch, the spacing of per pass scar is equal to the spacing of roller, wherein scratch is extended to removing together.This bearing is solid for outer ring
Fixed, inner ring rotation bearing is saved according to existing using generalized resonance/resonance demodulation technique bearing fault detection device
Sample S0 (i), such as Fig. 4, it can be found that bearing roller, when by the release band of supporting region, rolling element is entering and leaving stripping
Two Secondary Shocks can be generated when from region, the surge waveform of outer ring has " jag " phenomenon.The method for identifying removing are as follows:
The filtering that the outer ring failure impact integer period is carried out to sample S0 (i), obtains filtered signal S (i), such as schemes
5 (partial enlargement in order to facilitate observation of, is carried out to wherein 400 sampled points).
1, maximum (i.e. peak value) signal SJ (i) for seeking S (i) waveform, such as Fig. 6.
2, rushing in spacing B3: Fig. 6 for being greater than the wave one by one of its 1.5 times of mean value (dotted line in such as Fig. 6) in SJ (i) is measured
It hits label to show, the spacing of wave is alternately present one by one for 3 and 27.
3, according to the key parameter of bearing: nominal central diameter D0=305.5, nominal diameter of a roller d=25.5, roller number Z
=29, calculate the theoretical period L of adjacent outer ring failure impactwai=INT (I*2*D0/ (D0-d)/Z)=30, in formula, I=
400, INT be the function that rounds up.
Obviously, in Fig. 6 impact interval meet it is two neighboring and be equal to Lwai, then the outer ring fault verification is removing,
And removing width is WB=B3* (D0-d)/(2D0) * (D0+d) * π/I=3.6mm.Software effect then in diagnosis with
The mode of " X grades of removing " makes prompt, so as to maintenance department's condition maintenarnce, such as Fig. 7.
Embodiment 2, the scratch identification of certain HX type locomotive axle hung bearing outer ring
There are a large amount of bearings to alarm for No. 4 measuring point bearings of certain section of 1 axis of HX type locomotive, is replacing the 1st axis wheel to alarming later
It disappears.There are uniformly distributed axial direction scratches for outer-race ball track after dismantling, and abrade the spacing that spacing is equal to roller.According to existing application
The sample S0 (i) that generalized resonance/resonance demodulation technique bearing fault detection device saves, such as Fig. 8, it can be found that bearing element
Body can only trigger one-shot when the outer ring by supporting region abrades point, so abrasive surge waveform then seems more dry
It is crisp, there is no " jag " phenomenon.Identify the abrasive method of outer ring are as follows:
The filtering that the outer ring failure impact integer period is carried out to sample S0 (i), obtains filtered signal S (i), such as schemes
9 (partial enlargement in order to facilitate observation of, is carried out to wherein 400 sampled points).
1, maximum (i.e. peak value) signal SJ (i) for seeking S (i) waveform, such as Figure 10.
2, it measures and is greater than in spacing B3: Figure 10 of the wave one by one of its 1.5 times of mean value (dotted line in such as Figure 10) in SJ (i)
Impact label show, preceding several waves one by one wave spacing be 3,28,28.
3, according to the key parameter of bearing: nominal central diameter D0=307.5, nominal diameter of a roller d=23.9, roller number Z
=31, calculate the theoretical period L of adjacent outer ring failure impactwai=INT (I*2*D0/ (D0-d)/Z)=28, in formula, I=
400, INT be the function that rounds up.
Obviously, the impact interval in Figure 10 is unsatisfactory for two neighboring and is equal to Lwai, then the outer ring fault verification is to wipe
Wound.Software effect then makes prompt in a manner of " X grades of scratch " in diagnosis, so as to maintenance department's condition maintenarnce, such as schemes
11。
Embodiment 3, certain HX type locomotive axle hung bearing inner ring fault recognition
There are a large amount of bearings to alarm for No. 3 measuring point bearings of certain section of 6 axis of HX type locomotive, and inner race is axially straight after dismantling
Thread breakage.According to it is existing using generalized resonance/resonance demodulation technique bearing fault detection device save sample S0 (i),
Such as Fig. 1, it can be found that within the time that axis rotates one week, 2~4 impact arteries and veins only being generated when damaging and passing through supporting region
There is shaft and modulates to the amplitude that inner ring failure is impacted in punching, frequency spectrum not only has equal to inner ring fault characteristic frequency fnei's
Primary spectrum also occurs composing fnb with the side frequency for the integral multiple that the frequency phase-difference of primary spectrum is shaft frequency fn on the both sides of primary spectrum.In identification
The method of ring fracture are as follows:
According to the key parameter of bearing: nominal central diameter D0=305.5, nominal diameter of a roller d=25.5, roller number Z=
29, calculate inner ring failure impulse period maximum number N=160 in S0 (i).It is whole that the impact of inner ring failure is carried out to sample S0 (i)
The filtering in several periods, obtain filtered, sampling length be N number of inner ring failure impulse period signal S (i), as Figure 12 (for
Convenient for observation, partial enlargement is carried out to wherein 800 sampled points).And further seek the maximum (i.e. peak value) of S (i) waveform
Signal SJ (i) obtains maximum value MAX such as Figure 13SJ=15492 and peak average value MEANSJ=1371.34.
It is greater than 0.3*MAX in SJ (i)SJFailure impact number N1=30 (in Figure 13 only 6 be because to 800 sampled points
Carry out partial enlargement), the spacing B1 of wave is L one by oneneiIntegral multiple, i.e., satisfaction 0.1 >=B1/Lnei-INT(B1/Lnei)>
=-0.1.Obviously there is N1/N=30/160=0.1875 < 1/5, can determine that inner ring for failure at list.
In addition, being greater than 0.8*MAX in SJ (i)SJFailure impact number N2=10 (in Figure 13 only 2 be because being adopted to 800
Sampling point has carried out partial enlargement), wave spacing B2 is L one by oneneiIntegral multiple, i.e., satisfaction 0.1 >=B2/Lnei-INT(B2/
Lnei) >=- 0.1.Obviously there is N2/N=10/160 < 1/8, therefore determine inner ring to be broken at list.
Software effect then makes prompt in a manner of " fracture X grades " in diagnosis, so as to maintenance department's condition maintenarnce,
Such as Figure 14.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of diagnosis bearing axially abrades and the method for extension failure, using the sensor for detecting failure impact and it is attached thereto
Corresponding detecting instrument, the bearing fixed for inner ring rotation, outer ring utilize existing generalized resonance/resonance and demodulation method and existing
The failure impact signal for the bearing for having the rotation of rotating-speed tracking detection method detection inner ring, outer ring fixed, and shaft each
Rotation period carries out I uniform sampling to signal, obtains failure impact signal sample S0 (i), which is characterized in that including walking as follows
It is rapid:
Step 1, failure impact signal sample S0 (i) filtering is obtained length is comprising N number of failure impulse period maximum in S0 (i)
Impact signal S (i), the value of Integer N is INT (the theoretical cycle length of the length of S0 (i) sample/failure impact)；Seek S
(i) the very big value signal SJ (i) of waveform seeks the maximum value MAX of SJ (i)SJ, seek the peak average value MEAN of SJ (i)SJ；In calculating
The theoretical period L of adjacent inner ring failure impact caused by ring single faultnei=INT (I*2*D0/ (D0+d)/Z) and the event of outer ring list
The theoretical period L of the caused adjacent outer ring failure impact of barrierwai=INT (I*2*D0/ (D0-d)/Z), in formula, D0 is bearing
Nominal central diameter, d are nominal diameter of a roller, and Z is roller number, and INT is the function that rounds up, and I is downsampling factor, is defined as rotor
The uniform sampling number of each rotation；
Step 2, it asks and is greater than 0.3*MAX in SJ (i)SJFailure impact number N1；The mutual spacing B1 for measuring N1 wave one by one, if institute
There is B1 to meet 0.1 >=B1/Lnei-INT(B1/Lnei) >=- 0.1, then confidence level X1=1, otherwise X1=0；INT is four houses in formula
Five enter function；
Step 3, it asks and is greater than 0.8*MAX in SJ (i)SJFailure impact number N2；The mutual spacing B2 for measuring N2 wave one by one, if institute
There is B2 to meet 0.1 >=B2/Lnei-INT(B2/Lnei) >=- 0.1, then confidence level X2=1, otherwise X2=0, INT is four houses in formula
Five enter function；
Step 4, failure at inner ring list is diagnosed as if N1/N < 1/5 and X1=1；
Inner ring is diagnosed as if 1/5 < N1/N < 1/2 and X1=1 locally to abrade；
Inner ring is diagnosed as if N1/N > 1/2 and X1=1 uniformly to abrade；
If N2/N < 1/8 and X2=1 and MAXSJ/MEANSJ> 1.6 are diagnosed as extending to fracture at inner ring list；
Step 5, it asks and is greater than 1.5*MEAN in SJ (i)SJFailure impact number N3；The mutual spacing B3 of N3 wave one by one is measured, if
All B3 meet it is two neighboring and be equal to Lwai, then it is diagnosed as outer ring removing, width WB=B3/I*Cbw；If all B3 are equal
It is unsatisfactory for two neighboring and is equal to LwaiIf all B3 meet it is two neighboring and be equal to Lnei, then it is diagnosed as inner ring removing, it is wide
Degree is WB=B3/I*Cbn；If all B3 be not satisfied it is two neighboring and be equal to Lnei, then classify by step 4；
In formula, I is downsampling factor, is defined as the uniform sampling number of rotor each rotation,
Cbw is moving distance of the retainer with respect to outer ring of bearing during rotor circles, Cbw=(D0-d)/(2D0) *
Cwai,
Cbn be rotor circle during inner ring with respect to the retainer of bearing moving distance, Cbn=[1- (D0-d)/
(2D0)] * Cnei=(D0+d)/(2D0) * Cnei,
Cwai be outer-race ball track perimeter, Cwai=(D0+d) * π,
Cnei is inner race perimeter, Cnei=(D0-d) * π.
2. diagnosis bearing according to claim 1 axially abrades and the method for extension failure, which is characterized in that in detection
It is described that failure impact signal sample S0 (i) filtering is obtained into length to impact comprising N number of failure maximum in S0 (i) when ring failure
The impact signal S (i) in period, processing method are as follows: failure impact signal sample is carried out retaining multistage inner ring spectrum, retains its turn
Frequently the filtering of the multistage modulation spectrum of its turn of frequency is composed, retained to multistage side frequency；It is described by failure impact signal sample when detecting outer ring failure
It is the impact signal S (i) comprising N number of failure impulse period maximum in S0 (i), processing method that this S0 (i) filtering, which obtains length,
Are as follows: retain multistage outer ring spectrum to failure impact signal sample, retain it and protect outer multistage side frequency spectrum, retain it and protect outer multistage tune
The filtering of notation.
3. a kind of diagnosis bearing axially abrades and the method for extension failure, using the sensor for detecting failure impact and it is attached thereto
Corresponding detecting instrument, inner ring is fixed, the bearing of outer ring rotation, utilizes existing generalized resonance/resonance and demodulation method and existing
Have rotating-speed tracking detection method detection inner ring fix, outer ring rotation bearing failure impact signal, and shaft each
Rotation period carries out I uniform sampling to signal, obtains failure impact signal sample S0 (i), which is characterized in that including walking as follows
It is rapid:
Step 1, failure impact signal sample S0 (i) filtering is obtained length is comprising N number of failure impulse period maximum in S0 (i)
Impact signal S (i), the value of Integer N is INT (the theoretical cycle length of the length of S0 (i) sample/failure impact)；Seek S
(i) the very big value signal SJ (i) of waveform seeks the maximum value MAX of SJ (i)SJ, seek the peak average value MEAN of SJ (i)SJ；In calculating
The theoretical period L of adjacent inner ring failure impact caused by ring single faultnei=INT (I*2*D0/ (D0+d)/Z) and the event of outer ring list
The theoretical period L of the caused adjacent outer ring failure impact of barrierwai=INT (I*2*D0/ (D0-d)/Z), in formula, D0 is bearing
Nominal central diameter, d are nominal diameter of a roller, and Z is roller number, and INT is the function that rounds up, and I is downsampling factor, is defined as rotor
The uniform sampling number of each rotation；
Step 2, it asks and is greater than 0.3*MAX in SJ (i)SJFailure impact number N1；The mutual spacing B1 for measuring N1 wave one by one, if institute
There is B1 to meet 0.1 >=B1/Lwai-INT(B1/Lwai) >=- 0.1, then confidence level X1=1, otherwise X1=0；INT is four houses in formula
Five enter function；
Step 3, it asks and is greater than 0.8*MAX in SJ (i)SJFailure impact number N2；The mutual spacing B2 for measuring N2 wave one by one, if institute
There is B2 to meet 0.1 >=B2/Lwai-INT(B2/Lwai) >=- 0.1, then confidence level X2=1, otherwise X2=0, INT is four houses in formula
Five enter function；
Step 4, failure at outer ring list is diagnosed as if N1/N < 1/5 and X1=1；
Outer ring is diagnosed as if 1/5 < N1/N < 1/2 and X1=1 locally to abrade；
Outer ring is diagnosed as if N1/N > 1/2 and X1=1 uniformly to abrade；
If N2/N < 1/8 and X2=1 and MAXSJ/MEANSJ> 1.6 are diagnosed as extending to fracture at outer ring list；
Step 5, it asks and is greater than 1.5*MEAN in SJ (i)SJFailure impact number N3；The mutual spacing B3 of N3 wave one by one is measured, if
All B3 meet it is two neighboring and be equal to Lwai, then it is diagnosed as outer ring removing, width WB=B3/I*Cbw, if all B3 are equal
It is unsatisfactory for two neighboring and is equal to Lwai, then classify by step 4；If all B3 meet it is two neighboring and be equal to Lnei, then examine
Break for inner ring removing, width WB=B3/I*Cbn, if all B3 be not satisfied it is two neighboring and be equal to Lnei, then it is diagnosed as
Inner ring scratch；
In formula, I is downsampling factor, is defined as the uniform sampling number of rotor each rotation,
Cbw is moving distance of the retainer with respect to outer ring of bearing during rotor circles, Cbw=(D0-d)/(2D0) *
Cwai,
Cbn be rotor circle during inner ring with respect to the retainer of bearing moving distance, Cbn=[1- (D0-d)/
(2D0)] * Cnei=(D0+d)/(2D0) * Cnei,
Cwai be outer-race ball track perimeter, Cwai=(D0+d) * π,
Cnei is inner race perimeter, Cnei=(D0-d) * π.
4. diagnosis bearing according to claim 3 axially abrades and the method for extension failure, which is characterized in that outer in detection
It is described that failure impact signal sample S0 (i) filtering is obtained into length to impact comprising N number of failure maximum in S0 (i) when ring failure
The impact signal S (i) in period, processing method are as follows: failure impact signal sample is carried out retaining multistage outer ring spectrum, retains its turn
Frequently the filtering of the multistage modulation spectrum of its turn of frequency is composed, retained to multistage side frequency；It is described by failure impact signal sample when detecting inner ring failure
It is the impact signal S (i) comprising N number of failure impulse period maximum in S0 (i), processing method that this S0 (i) filtering, which obtains length,
Are as follows: to failure impact signal sample retain multistage inner ring spectrum, retain its protect in multistage side frequency spectrum, retain its protect in multistage tune
The filtering of notation.
5. a kind of method for reducing bearing and axially abrading and extend failure, which is characterized in that if diagnosis occurs as in claim 1
The inner ring is evenly distributed with attrition fault, or outer ring removing failure or inner ring remove failure as described in the appended claim 1, or as right is wanted
It asks and extends to fracture defect at inner ring list described in 1, or outer ring is evenly distributed with attrition fault as claimed in claim 3, or such as right
It is required that the removing failure of outer ring described in 3 or inner ring remove failure, or fracture event is extended at outer ring list as claimed in claim 3
Barrier then proposes guide maintenance, bearing type selecting and the improved suggestion of design: preventing uniformly distributed scratch caused by the relaxation of inner ring axial and circumferential
And removing, the fracture caused, Ying Zengjia inner ring installs magnitude of interference, or adds the stop for preventing inner ring axial float, circumferentially sliding
Measure；To prevent inner ring because of the fracture caused by locking increase magnitude of interference, then it should increase the intensity of inner ring.
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