CN108224394A - A kind of micro water vapor generating means and method - Google Patents

A kind of micro water vapor generating means and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108224394A
CN108224394A CN201711470801.4A CN201711470801A CN108224394A CN 108224394 A CN108224394 A CN 108224394A CN 201711470801 A CN201711470801 A CN 201711470801A CN 108224394 A CN108224394 A CN 108224394A
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temperature
spiral coil
carrier gas
steam
vapor
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CN108224394B (en
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张居兵
樊红伟
张世通
李珊珊
王昕晔
卜昌盛
朴桂林
卢平
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Nanjing Normal University
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Nanjing Normal University
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22BMETHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/28Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22BMETHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B35/00Control systems for steam boilers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of micro water vapor generating means and method, including air distribution system, steam generating system and constant-temperature condensation system;The air distribution system, steam generating system and constant-temperature condensation system of apparatus of the present invention can be run independently of each other, and each system assembles the present apparatus can be completed after being connected by air delivering pipeline, is easily installed, and overall structure is simple;The flow of nitrogen and water bath with thermostatic control temperature only need to be controlled, just the steam vapour amount of user's needs, and carrier gas flux and condensation temperature controllable precise can be obtained, can realize the continuous-stable supply of tiny flow quantity vapor.

Description

A kind of micro water vapor generating means and method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of micro water vapor generating means and methods, belong to steam evaporator technical field.
Background technology
Distilled water is steadily injected evaporator by traditional steam evaporator by pump, be gasificated into rapidly after vapor with Evaporator is left in carrier gas together, and vapor yield can be accurately controlled by the sample size for controlling distilled water.If required water Vapor volume very little, distilled water can be with form of moisture drops enter evaporator and is unable to continuous sample introduction, so as to can not steadily generate water steaming Gas.
Bubbling method is also a kind of common vapor occurring mode, can run temperature by changing carrier gas flux and bubbler Spend the carrying amount to adjust vapor.In addition to vapor, the atomizing effect of bubbler can also make carrier gas carry a certain amount of small liquid Drop.Since steam partial pressure is difficult to determine, and influence of the droplet to vapor total amount is also very important in outlet carrier gas, because Water vapour content can not determine in this carrier gas.
For this purpose, this patent, which devises a kind of offer tiny flow quantity vapor that can stablize, simultaneously can accurately control its yield Device.
Invention content
It can not stablize for traditional steam evaporator and vapor in tiny flow quantity vapor and Bubbling method mode is provided The deficiencies of yield can not be controlled accurately, can stablize offer tiny flow quantity vapor the present invention provides one kind simultaneously can be accurate Control the device and production method of its yield.
To achieve the above object, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
A kind of micro water vapor generating means includes air distribution system, steam generating system and constant-temperature condensation system, distribution system System includes nitrogen cylinder, and steam generating system includes evaporator and bubbler, and bubbler is set in evaporator, evaporator external Equipped with electric heating cover, the gas outlet of evaporator is connect with return duct, and heat tape, constant-temperature condensation system packet are arranged on return duct Thermostat water bath and steam-water separator are included, steam-water separator is set in thermostat water bath, steam-water separator and spiral coil Gas outlet connects, and junction is provided with four-way valve, and the heat for detecting spiral coil outlet carrier gas temperature is connected on four-way valve Resistance and the pressure sensor for detecting spiral coil outlet nebulizer gas pressure;Wherein, nitrogen cylinder passes through appendix and bubbler Connection, appendix upper edge airflow direction are disposed with flowmeter and bypath valve;The air inlet of spiral coil passes through appendix It is connect with return duct, junction is provided with triple valve, is connected with to detect spiral coil gasinlet temperature on triple valve Thermal resistance.
Preferably, liquid level meter is equipped in evaporator, liquid level meter monitors liquid level in evaporator.
Preferably, the return duct is metal tube.
Preferably, the spiral coil is metal, alloy or the non-metallic material of high thermal conductivity coefficient.
Flowmeter described in air distribution system is for accurately controlling carrier gas flux, and bypath valve is for main after pipe-line system blocking Pipeline pressure release.
Electric heating cover described in steam generating system provides steady temperature for evaporator, and the bubbler is made to be operated in constant temperature In distilled water.Evaporator is a closed container, has three road entrances, connects air distribution system all the way, carrier gas is introduced the bubbling Device;Return duct is connected all the way, makes in carrier gas Returning evaporimeter after superfluous droplet coalescence;Finally running water pipe is connected all the way, and lead to The liquid level meter is crossed to control liquid level in evaporator.Heat tape is wound on the return duct, is on the one hand carried for vaporizing Part droplet in gas on the other hand to being heated by the gas of return duct, prevents pipeline from radiating and making water in carrier gas Steam largely condenses, and unboiled droplet is after reflux inside pipe wall coalescence because in gravity reflux to evaporator.
Thermostat water bath in constant-temperature condensation system provides constant ambient temperature for the spiral coil, realizes and carries The constant-temperature condensation of vapor in gas.The third entrance of triple valve is used for arranging thermal resistance, monitors spiral coil inlet gas temperature Degree.Carrier gas temperature can be reduced to the environment temperature of thermostat water bath, condensation by a kind of spiral coil actually efficient condenser Go out extra vapor in carrier gas, spiral coil is made to export carrier gas steam partial pressure close to the saturated vapor pressure under bath temperature.Four The third entrance arrangement thermal resistance of port valve, for detecting spiral coil outlet carrier gas temperature, controls as heat tape temperature Feedback signal, the 4th entrance arrangement pressure sensor, monitoring spiral coil outlet nebulizer gas pressure, can be directly used for vapor The amendment of partial pressure.
The operation principle of apparatus of the present invention:Nitrogen as carrier gas enters evaporator with constant flow velocity, in evaporator Hot water generates a certain amount of vapor under the action of bubbler, and the part water that the nitrogen being blown into will be carried on bubbler liquid level steams Gas, while also carry the droplet being atomized on a small quantity secretly and enter return duct;Return duct is not by the liquid reflux to evaporator of condensation, and not The vapor being condensed enters spiral coil through return duct, enter coil pipe before, need by a thermal resistance come detect into Enter the temperature of the vapor of coil pipe and the temperature difference of water-bath, the power of heat tape is adjusted with this;Carrier gas enters helical disk Guan Hou can carry out permanent wall temperature condensation in coil pipe, after condensation by by a four-way valve come measure the temperature of vapor at this time and Pressure convenient for further adjusting heat tape power, enters steam-water separator after condensation, isolate that obtain saturation after liquid wet Gas.
Vapor flow needed for user is converted into vapor flow under standard state by a kind of production method of vapor; Suitable bath temperature is selected, inquires saturated steam thermodynamic property table, calculates water vapor concentration;According to the water vapor concentration, Carrier gas flux under standard state is calculated, if the carrier gas flux exceeds user demand, bath temperature need to be further improved;Based on above-mentioned As a result, setting water bath with thermostatic control control temperature and mass flowmenter control parameter, set the control temperature of electric heating cover, make evaporator It is run under compared with elevated operating temperature (such as 90 DEG C), it is ensured that carrier gas can carry enough vapor;The control temperature of heat tape is set, Ensure that spiral coil intake air temperature is higher by 10 DEG C or more than water bath with thermostatic control temperature;Spiral coil Outlet Gas Temperature is monitored, it is such as high In water bath with thermostatic control temperature, it need to suitably reduce carrier gas flux or reduce heat tape control temperature;Monitor spiral coil exit gas Pressure such as higher than 1atm, is modified practical steam vapour amount using Dalton's law (of partial pressures), can also be closed in coil outlets Suitable location arrangements air inducing facility, makes the near 1atm of gas pressure.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The air distribution system, steam generating system and constant-temperature condensation system of apparatus of the present invention can be run independently of each other, each system System assembles the present apparatus can be completed after being connected by air delivering pipeline, is easily installed, overall structure is simple;Nitrogen only need to be controlled Flow and water bath with thermostatic control temperature, can with regard to that can obtain the steam vapour amount of user's needs, and carrier gas flux and condensation temperature controllable precise To realize that the continuous-stable of tiny flow quantity vapor is supplied.
Vapor production method of the present invention, first passes through simple calculating, is then set in apparatus of the present invention permanent Tepidarium control temperature, mass flowmenter control parameter, the control temperature of electric heating cover, the control temperature for setting heat tape, Monitor spiral coil Outlet Gas Temperature and spiral coil outlet gas pressure simultaneously, you can obtain vapor stream needed for user Amount.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 shows the overall structure of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, each embodiment of invention will be carried out below Detailed elaboration.However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that in each embodiment of the present invention, in order to make reader It more fully understands the application and proposes more technical details.But even if without these technical details and based on following reality The various changes and modifications of mode are applied, each claim of the application technical solution claimed can also be realized.
Fig. 1 is that a kind of micro water vapor generating means of the present invention includes air distribution system 1,2 and of steam generating system Constant-temperature condensation system 3, air distribution system include nitrogen cylinder 1-1, and steam generating system includes evaporator 2-2 and bubbler 2-3, bubbling Device 2-3 is a kind of micropore gas distributor, and for generating micro-bubble, bubbler 2-3 is set in evaporator 2-2, evaporator Liquid level meter 2-4 is equipped in 2-2, evaporator 2-2 outer surfaces are equipped with electric heating cover 2-1, gas outlet and the return duct 2- of evaporator 2-2 5 connect, and heat tape 2-6 is arranged on return duct 2-5, and constant-temperature condensation system includes thermostat water bath 3-1 and steam-water separator 3-5, steam-water separator 3-5 are set in thermostat water bath 3-1, and the gas outlet of steam-water separator 3-5 and spiral coil 3-3 connects It connects, junction is provided with four-way valve 3-4;Wherein, nitrogen cylinder 1-1 is connect by appendix with bubbler 2-3, appendix upper edge gas Stream direction is disposed with flowmeter 1-2 and bypath valve 1-3;The air inlet of spiral coil 3-3 passes through appendix and return duct 2-5 connections, junction are provided with triple valve 3-2.
Return duct 2-5 described in embodiment of the present invention is metal tube, and spiral coil 3-3 is the metal of high thermal conductivity coefficient Material.
Vapor flow needed for user is converted into vapor flow under standard state by a kind of production method of vapor; Suitable bath temperature is selected, inquires saturated steam thermodynamic property table, calculates water vapor concentration;According to the water vapor concentration, Carrier gas flux under standard state is calculated, if the carrier gas flux exceeds user demand, bath temperature need to be further improved;Based on above-mentioned As a result, setting water bath with thermostatic control control temperature and mass flowmenter control parameter, set the control temperature of electric heating cover, make evaporator It is run under compared with elevated operating temperature (such as 90 DEG C), it is ensured that carrier gas can carry enough vapor;The control temperature of heat tape is set, Ensure that spiral coil intake air temperature is higher by 10 DEG C or more than water bath with thermostatic control temperature;Spiral coil Outlet Gas Temperature is monitored, it is such as high In water bath with thermostatic control temperature, it need to suitably reduce carrier gas flux or reduce heat tape control temperature;Monitor spiral coil exit gas Pressure such as higher than 1atm, is modified practical steam vapour amount using Dalton's law (of partial pressures), can also be closed in coil outlets Suitable location arrangements air inducing facility, makes the near 1atm of gas pressure.
Embodiment 1:
As user needs mixed gas flow q=1000mL/min, temperature t1=80 DEG C, wherein water vapor concentration c1= 5%, it is desirable that carrier gas flux must not be higher than 350sccm.Assuming that spiral coil cooling effect is good enough, outlet carrier gas temperature t0With perseverance Warm water bath temperature t2Unanimously, outlet nebulizer gas pressure p0=1atm.
Vapor flow in mixed gas:q1=q × c1=1000 × 5%=50mL/min;
Vapor flow under standard state:q1,0=q1×273/(273+t1)=50 × 273/353=38.67sccm.
Assuming that bath temperature t2=50 DEG C, then export carrier gas temperature t0=50 DEG C, according to the thermodynamic properties of saturated steam, It can obtain t0=50 DEG C, p0Saturated vapor pressure p=0.012345MPa under=1atm states.
Water vapor concentration in carrier gas:
Carrier gas flux under required standard state:q2=q1,0/c2-q1,0=38.67/0.1218-38.67=278.82sccm
According to above-mentioned result of calculation, setting water bath with thermostatic control control temperature and mass flowmenter control parameter;And electricity is set to add Hot jacket is controlled at 90 DEG C;Heat tape control temperature is adjusted, it is about 65 DEG C to make spiral coil gasinlet temperature;At this point, The steam vapour amount that carrier gas carries is met the needs of users just.
Embodiment 2:
As user needs mixed gas flow q=1000mL/min, temperature t1=80 DEG C, wherein water vapor concentration c1= 5%, it is desirable that carrier gas flux must not be higher than 250sccm.Assuming that spiral coil cooling effect is good enough, outlet carrier gas temperature t0With perseverance Warm water bath temperature t2Unanimously, outlet nebulizer gas pressure p0=1atm.
Vapor flow in mixed gas:
Vapor flow under standard state:q1,0=q1×273/(273+t1)=50 × 273/353=38.67sccm.
Assuming that bath temperature t2=50 DEG C, then export carrier gas temperature t0=50 DEG C, according to the thermodynamic properties of saturated steam, It can obtain t0=50 DEG C, p0Saturated vapor pressure p=0.012345MPa under=1atm states.
Water vapor concentration in carrier gas:
Carrier gas flux under required standard state:q2=q1,0/c2-q1,0=38.67/0.1218-38.67=278.82sccm
The carrier gas flux has had exceeded user demand range, in order to carry above-mentioned steam vapour amount, needs to improve water bath with thermostatic control Temperature.
Assume again that bath temperature t2=55 DEG C, then export carrier gas temperature t0=55 DEG C, according to the heating power of saturated steam Matter can obtain t0=55 DEG C, p0Saturated vapor pressure p=0.015743MPa under=1atm states.
Water vapor concentration in carrier gas:
Carrier gas flux under required standard state:q2=q '1/c2-q′1=38.67/0.1554-38.67=210.17sccm
According to second of result of calculation, setting water bath with thermostatic control control temperature and mass flowmenter control parameter;And electricity is set Heating mantle is controlled at 90 DEG C;Heat tape control temperature is adjusted, it is about 70 DEG C to make spiral coil gasinlet temperature;This When, the steam vapour amount that carrier gas carries is met the needs of users just.
Embodiment 3:
As user needs mixed gas flow q=1000mL/min, temperature t1=80 DEG C, wherein water vapor concentration c1= 5%, it is desirable that carrier gas flux must not be higher than 350sccm.Assuming that spiral coil cooling effect is general, outlet carrier gas temperature t0Higher than perseverance Warm water bath temperature t1, outlet pressure p0=1atm.Assuming that bath temperature is 50 DEG C, and it is 55 DEG C to export carrier gas temperature, and water steams at this time Gas carrying amount is different from embodiment 1, can control vapor carrying amount by adjusting carrier gas flux and outlet carrier gas temperature respectively.
A) carrier gas flux scheme is adjusted
Vapor flow in mixed gas:q1=q × c1=1000 × 5%=50mL/min;
Vapor flow under standard state:q1,0=q1×273/(273+t1)=50 × 273/353=38.67sccm.
According to the thermodynamic properties of saturated steam, t can obtain0=55 DEG C, p0Saturated vapor pressure p=under=1atm states 0.015743MPa。
Water vapor concentration in carrier gas:
Carrier gas flux under required standard state:q2=q1,0/c2-q1,0=38.67/0.1554-38.67=210.17sccm
Set water bath with thermostatic control control temperature and mass flowmenter control parameter;And electric heating cover is set controlled at 90 ℃;Heat tape control temperature is adjusted, it is about 70 DEG C to make spiral coil gasinlet temperature;The vapor that carrier gas carries after adjustment Amount is met the needs of users just.
B) adjustment outlet carrier gas temperature scheme
Since spiral coil cooling effect is general, to ensure that exporting carrier gas temperature is reduced to 50 DEG C, should reduce entrance carrier gas Temperature reduces the set temperature of heat tape temperature controller.Set temperature value range of decrease size, is changed with environment temperature, convection current The many factors such as hot coefficient, heating tape material property parameter are related, need finally determine after repeatedly attempting.
Embodiment 4:
As user needs mixed gas flow q=1000mL/min, temperature t1=80 DEG C, wherein water vapor concentration c1= 5%, it is desirable that carrier gas flux must not be higher than 350sccm.Assuming that spiral coil cooling effect is good enough, outlet carrier gas temperature t0With perseverance Warm water bath temperature t2Unanimously, outlet carrier gas q1=q × c1=1000 × 5%=50mL/min;Pressure p0=1.1atm.Water at this time Steam carrying amount can also change, and can adjust carrying amount by two methods:
A) Dalton's law (of partial pressures)
Vapor flow needed for mixed gas:q1=q × c1=1000 × 5%=50mL/min;
Vapor flow under standard state:q1,0=q1×273/(273+t1)=50 × 273/353=38.67sccm.
According to the thermodynamic properties of saturated steam, saturated vapor pressure p=under t '=50 DEG C, p '=1atm states can obtain 0.012345MPa;
At this point, water vapor concentration in carrier gas:
Carrier gas flux under required standard state:q2=q1,0/c2-q1,0=38.67/0.1108-38.67=310.34sccm
Set water bath with thermostatic control control temperature and mass flowmenter control parameter;And electric heating cover is set controlled at 90 ℃;Heat tape control temperature is adjusted, it is about 65 DEG C to make spiral coil gasinlet temperature;Carrier gas carrying amount is increased to 310.34sccm can carry the steam vapour amount needed for mixed gas just.
B) coil outlets arrangement air inducing facility
There are certain limitation when the present embodiment uses Dalton's law (of partial pressures), such as saturated vapour pressure and t under discharge state0 =55 DEG C, p0Deviation is had during=1atm states, result of calculation there may be certain error.It can be arranged in coil outlets suitable position Air inducing facility offsets the pressure loss at user, by near 1atm of coil outlet pressure or so, you can using embodiment just 1 computational methods.
Embodiments herein simply facilitates the process and principle for illustrating the present invention, is not restricted to the application.In reality In the application of border, some changes can be made to it in the form and details, and without prejudice to spirit herein and scope.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of micro water vapor generating means, it is characterised in that:Including air distribution system(1), steam generating system(2)And constant temperature Condenser system(3), air distribution system include nitrogen cylinder(1-1), steam generating system include evaporator(2-2)And bubbler(2-3), Bubbler(2-3)It is set to evaporator(2-2)In, evaporator(2-2)Outer surface is equipped with electric heating cover(2-1), evaporator(2-2) Gas outlet and return duct(2-5)Connection, return duct(2-5)On be arranged with heat tape(2-6), constant-temperature condensation system includes permanent Warm water bath(3-1)And steam-water separator(3-5), steam-water separator(3-5)It is set to thermostat water bath(3-1)In, carbonated drink point From device(3-5)With spiral coil(3-3)Gas outlet connection, junction is provided with four-way valve(3-4);Four-way valve(3-4)Upper company It is connected to the thermal resistance for detecting spiral coil outlet carrier gas temperature and the pressure for detecting spiral coil outlet nebulizer gas pressure Sensor;Wherein, nitrogen cylinder(1-1)Pass through appendix and bubbler(2-3)Connection, appendix upper edge airflow direction are set gradually There is flowmeter(1-2)And bypath valve(1-3);Spiral coil(3-3)Air inlet pass through appendix and return duct(2-5)Even It connects, junction is provided with triple valve(3-2), triple valve(3-2)On be connected with to detect spiral coil gasinlet temperature Thermal resistance.
2. micro water vapor generating means according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Evaporator(2-2)In be equipped with liquid level Device(2-4).
3. micro water vapor generating means according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The return duct(2-5)For metal Pipe.
4. micro water vapor generating means according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The spiral coil(3-3)For height Metal, alloy or the non-metallic material of thermal conductivity factor.
5. a kind of production method of vapor, it is characterised in that:Vapor flow needed for user is converted into water under standard state Vapor flow rate;Suitable bath temperature is selected, inquires saturated steam thermodynamic property table, calculates water vapor concentration;According to the water Vapor concentration calculates carrier gas flux under standard state, if the carrier gas flux exceeds user demand, need to further improve water-bath temperature Degree;Based on the above results, setting water bath with thermostatic control controls temperature and mass flowmenter control parameter, sets the control temperature of electric heating cover Degree sets the control temperature of heat tape, it is ensured that spiral coil intake air temperature is higher by 10 DEG C or more than water bath with thermostatic control temperature;Monitoring Spiral coil Outlet Gas Temperature such as higher than water bath with thermostatic control temperature, need to suitably reduce carrier gas flux or reduce heat tape control Temperature;Monitor spiral coil outlet gas pressure, such as higher than 1atm, using Dalton's law (of partial pressures) to practical steam vapour amount into Row is corrected or in coil outlets location arrangements air inducing facility, makes the near 1atm of gas pressure.
CN201711470801.4A 2017-12-29 2017-12-29 A kind of micro water vapor generating device and method Active CN108224394B (en)

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CN111293192A (en) * 2020-02-25 2020-06-16 东方日升(常州)新能源有限公司 Method for controlling water vapor in vacuum cavity during preparation of TCO film of solar cell
CN111928224A (en) * 2020-08-14 2020-11-13 西安建筑科技大学 Controllable flow temperature control liquid evaporator
CN112169668A (en) * 2020-09-21 2021-01-05 河南省计量科学研究院 Dynamic volume saturated gas generator and generation system based on condensation saturation

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CN111293192A (en) * 2020-02-25 2020-06-16 东方日升(常州)新能源有限公司 Method for controlling water vapor in vacuum cavity during preparation of TCO film of solar cell
CN111928224A (en) * 2020-08-14 2020-11-13 西安建筑科技大学 Controllable flow temperature control liquid evaporator
CN112169668A (en) * 2020-09-21 2021-01-05 河南省计量科学研究院 Dynamic volume saturated gas generator and generation system based on condensation saturation

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