CN108220623B - Method for reducing energy consumption of RKEF process ferronickel production - Google Patents
Method for reducing energy consumption of RKEF process ferronickel production Download PDFInfo
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- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
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Abstract
Nickel for reducing RKEF (Richardboard electric field)A method for energy consumption in iron production. The method comprises the steps of smelting by taking prereduced calcine with ferrous oxide content of 15-25% as initial slag, and controlling the ferrous oxide content in final slag to be 5-15% in the smelting process; the components of the primary slag comprise: CaO, MgO, Al2O3、SiO2FeO; in the primary slag, the mass percentage of the calcium oxide is 1-10%; the mass percentage content of the aluminum oxide is 2-10%; the mass ratio of magnesium to silicon is 0.5-0.7. Through reasonable selection and regulation of the laterite-nickel ore slag system, iron oxide is selectively reduced in an enhanced reducing atmosphere in the pre-reduction and smelting processes, under the common regulation and control action of different components of the slag system, the generation temperature of the initial slag liquid phase of laterite-nickel ore materials in an electric furnace is reduced, the generation speed is increased, and the smelting temperature is reduced by 50-90 ℃, so that the power consumption required for smelting ferronickel is effectively reduced. The method can obviously reduce the process energy consumption of producing the ferronickel from the laterite-nickel ore RKEF, and the production cost of the ferronickel is reduced by 5-10%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a method for reducing the energy consumption of RKEF process ferronickel production, and belongs to the technical field of metallurgy.
Background
Stainless steel is an important raw material in national economic construction. The global production of stainless steel reaches 4578 ten thousand tons in 2016, and the production will keep a certain growth trend in the future. In recent years, the stainless steel industry in China has been developed rapidly, and the yield and the apparent consumption of stainless steel crude steel are continuously the first in the world for many years. The domestic stainless steel crude steel yield reaches 2493.8 ten thousand tons in 2016, the apparent consumption is 1883.5 ten thousand tons, and compared with the yield and the apparent consumption in 2010, the growth rate respectively exceeds 120 percent and 100 percent.
Nickel is mainly used for stainless steel production, and the traditional stainless steel production usually takes expensive electrolytic nickel as a raw material, and the cost of the electrolytic nickel accounts for about 70 percent of the total production cost of the stainless steel. Because the price of ferronickel is far lower than that of electrolytic nickel, stainless steel enterprises gradually develop to use ferronickel to replace electrolytic nickel for production, for example, the utilization rate of ferronickel in the production of stainless steel of Tai-Gao and Bao steel is more than 60%, and the utilization rate of ferronickel in Fujian Ding Xin Shi is more than 90%. Since 2010, ferronickel production and consumption exceeded that of electrolytic nickel, becoming the major sources of stainless steel production.
The laterite-nickel ore is the main raw material for nickel production in a long time at present, and the utilization of the laterite-nickel ore for smelting ferronickel is the basis for ensuring the sustainable and healthy development of the stainless steel industry. The rotary kiln prereduction-electric furnace smelting process is the ferronickel production process which is developed most rapidly in the world at present, and the capacity of the process accounts for more than two thirds of the total production capacity of ferronickel in the world. The process has strong raw material adaptability, and various laterite-nickel ore resources can be used for production; the recovery rate of nickel is high and reaches more than 90 percent; the ferronickel product has excellent quality, the nickel content can reach 8-15 wt.%, and the ferronickel product is mainly used for producing 300 series stainless steel.
However, due to the physicochemical properties of low iron, high silicon and high magnesium of the laterite-nickel ore which is a raw material for producing ferronickel, the rotary kiln pre-electric furnace process for producing ferronickel still has some problems to be solved. In the existing rotary kiln-electric furnace smelting process for producing ferronickel, prereduction and smelting are generally carried out under the condition of controlling the mass ratio of magnesium and silicon of laterite-nickel ore, and high-melting-point phases such as pyroxene and forsterite are mainly used in prereduction calcine and smelting slag. The liquid phase of the initial slag is high in generation temperature, low in melting speed and long in melting time during electric furnace melting, and the temperature required by slag melting is high and is maximally over 1600 ℃. Therefore, in order to continuously maintain the high smelting temperature of the slag, the electric furnace smelting needs to consume a large amount of electric energy, and the energy consumption cost is high.
Despite the accumulation of production experience over the years, some nickel iron plants have made local optimizations and improvements to laterite-nickel ore feed materials and production processes to reduce energy consumption and production costs. For example, the rotary kiln pre-reduced calcine is directly hot-charged into an electric furnace for smelting, and tail gas of the rotary kiln and the electric furnace is recycled for drying and pre-reducing laterite-nickel ore materials. The improvement measures reduce the total energy consumption of the process to some extent, but have limited electric energy consumption when the electric furnace is smelted, and the production energy consumption is still high. Compared with the direct reduction process and the blast furnace process, the production cost of the ferronickel adopting the RKEF (rotary kiln-electric furnace) process is 10-20% higher.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the obvious problem of high energy consumption in the process of preparing ferronickel by laterite-nickel ore rotary kiln-electric furnace smelting, the invention provides a method for reducing the energy consumption for producing ferronickel in the RKEF process, which reduces the temperature required by electric furnace smelting by reasonably selecting and regulating the slag type in the process of smelting laterite-nickel ore, thereby realizing the reduction of power consumption in the smelting process.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a method for reducing energy consumption of RKEF process ferronickel production, which is characterized in that prereduced calcine with 15-25% of ferrous oxide content is used as initial slag for smelting, and the ferrous oxide content in final slag is controlled to be 5-15% in the smelting process; the components of the primary slag comprise: CaO, MgO, Al2O3、SiO2FeO; in the primary slag, the mass percentage of the calcium oxide is 1-10%; the mass percentage content of the aluminum oxide is 2-10%; the mass ratio of magnesium to silicon is 0.5-0.7.
The invention relates to a method for reducing energy consumption of RKEF process ferronickel production, wherein the primary slag is obtained by pre-reduction after ore blending; selecting a plurality of laterite nickel ores and a flux for ore blending, wherein the mixed materials obtained by ore blending meet the following requirements:
the mass percentage of the calcium oxide is 1-10%; the mass percentage content of the aluminum oxide is 2-10%; the mass ratio of magnesium to silicon is 0.5-0.7;
controlling the content of the ferrous oxide to reach 15-25% during pre-reduction;
the fusing agent is at least one of limestone and quicklime.
The invention relates to a method for reducing the energy consumption of RKEF process ferronickel production, which is characterized in that during pre-reduction or smelting, the content of ferrous oxide in primary slag or final slag is improved by strengthening the reducing atmosphere; the intensified reducing atmosphere includes but is not limited to the following technical means: during pre-reduction, increasing the injection amount of the pulverized coal of the rotary kiln, increasing the feeding amount of the bituminous coal and improving the pre-reduction temperature; during smelting, the adding amount of the semi-coke is increased, and the granularity of the semi-coke is improved.
The invention relates to a method for reducing energy consumption of producing ferronickel by RKEF (rotary kiln electric furnace) process ferronickel, which comprises the following parameters: the temperature is 750-850 ℃, and the time is 2-4 h.
According to the method for reducing the energy consumption of RKEF process ferronickel production, the content of the calcium oxide in the primary slag is preferably 2-5%.
The invention relates to a method for reducing energy consumption in production of ferronickel in an RKEF process, wherein the mass ratio of primary slag magnesium to silicon is preferably 0.6-0.65.
According to the method for reducing the energy consumption of the RKEF process ferronickel production, the content of the ferrous oxide in the primary slag is preferably 15-20%.
According to the method for reducing the energy consumption of the RKEF process ferronickel production, the content of the ferrous oxide in the final slag is preferably 5-10%.
According to the method for reducing the energy consumption of the RKEF process ferronickel production, the content of the primary slag aluminum oxide is preferably 3-6%.
The invention relates to a method for reducing energy consumption of RKEF process ferronickel production, wherein the smelting temperature is 1500-1550 ℃.
According to the method for reducing the energy consumption in the production of ferronickel by the RKEF process, the power consumption per ton of ferronickel is less than or equal to 3430 Kw.h, the power consumption per ton of ferronickel production is reduced by 100-450 Kw.h, and the production cost of ferronickel is reduced by 5-10%.
The main principle of the invention is as follows:
the method takes regulation and optimization of main components and contents of slag as a core, regulates and controls magnesium-silicon ratio, calcium oxide and aluminum oxide content through ore blending of various laterite-nickel ores and fluxes, improves the aluminum oxide content of a mixed material to 2-10%, the mass ratio of magnesium to silicon to 0.5-0.7, and changes the calcium oxide content of the mixed material to 1-10% by adding the fluxes. In the pre-reduction and smelting processes, the high-valence iron oxide in the laterite-nickel ore is selectively reduced into ferrous oxide by strengthening the reducing atmosphere, so that the ferrous oxide content of the primary slag and the ferrous oxide content of the final slag are respectively 15-25% and 5-15%. Thereby constructing CaO-MgO-Al required by smelting slag2O3-SiO2the-FeO quinary slag system forms a reasonable slag form mainly comprising low-melting-point diopside-fayalite. Compared with MgO-SiO in the prior production2Slag system, five-membered slag system, calcium oxideThe melting point of the diopside-fayalite slag type can be effectively reduced by adjusting the mass ratio of the aluminum oxide to the ferrous oxide, so that the liquid phase generation temperature of the primary slag in the smelting of the laterite-nickel ore is effectively reduced, and the melting speed of the material in the electric furnace is accelerated. According to the invention, by properly increasing the contents of calcium oxide, aluminum oxide and ferrous oxide, the materials can be fully melted at 1400-1500 ℃, the existence of solid phase in molten slag is reduced, the high-temperature fluidity of the slag is improved, and the viscosity of the slag at the same temperature is reduced, so that the temperature required by smelting is reduced, and the power consumption required by ferronickel production is greatly reduced.
The invention has the characteristics and beneficial effects that: the MgO-SiO produced at present2On the basis of a binary slag system, the content of calcium oxide and aluminum oxide and the mass ratio of magnesium and silicon in the laterite-nickel ore smelting slag are adjusted by ore blending and adding an alkaline flux, and in the reduction and smelting processes, the reduction atmosphere is enhanced to ensure that high-valence iron oxide in the laterite-nickel ore is selectively reduced into ferrous oxide with a certain content, so that CaO-MgO-Al suitable for preparing ferronickel by RKEF smelting of the laterite-nickel ore is formed2O3-SiO2-FeO quinary slag system. Under the combined action of the different components, the generation temperature of the liquid phase of the primary slag is reduced by 100-200 ℃ during electric furnace smelting, the melting speed is obviously accelerated, the temperature required by smelting slag is reduced by 50-90 ℃, and the power consumption required by the production of each ton of ferronickel is reduced by 100-450 Kw.h. The production cost of the ferronickel is reduced by 5-10%.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained and illustrated below.
The invention provides examples 1, 2 and 3 and comparative examples 1 and 2, wherein the slag composition comprises calcium oxide, aluminum oxide and ferrous oxide content, magnesium-silicon ratio, slag smelting temperature and other data shown in table 1, and ferronickel is produced by adopting rotary kiln prereduction-electric furnace smelting.
The parameters and conditions of the pre-reduction process of the examples 1, 2 and 3 are as follows: the temperature is 800-850 ℃, and the time is 2-3 h; the injection amount of the coal powder is 8 percent of the mass of the dry mineral, and the adding amount of the bituminous coal is 2 percent of the mass of the dry mineral.
The smelting process parameters and process conditions of the examples 1, 2 and 3 are as follows: the temperature is 1515-1550 ℃, and the time is 2-3 h; the adding amount of the semi-coke is 6 percent of the dry mineral content.
The pre-reduction process parameters and process conditions of comparative examples 1 and 2 were: the temperature is 750-800 ℃, and the time is 2-3 h; the injection amount of the coal powder is 7 percent of the dry mineral amount.
The smelting process parameters and process conditions of comparative examples 1 and 2 were: the temperature is 1597-1601 ℃, and the time is 2-3 h; the adding amount of the semi-coke is 5 percent of the dry mineral content.
TABLE 1
Comparing the main components of the electric furnace smelting slag of the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-2 in the table 1 with the smelting temperature, the power consumption and other data, in the comparative example, the contents of calcium oxide and ferrous oxide in the slag are lower, and the smelting temperature is as high as about 1600 ℃.
According to the invention, laterite-nickel ore with different component contents and a flux are adopted for ore blending, the contents of calcium oxide and aluminum oxide in materials are improved, the generation amount of ferrous oxide in slag is improved by selectively reducing iron oxide, the smelting temperature of an electric furnace is obviously reduced, the reduction amplitude reaches 50-90 ℃, the power consumption in production of iron (nickel) per ton is obviously reduced, and the reduction amplitude reaches 120-450 Kw.h.
Claims (7)
1. A method for reducing energy consumption of RKEF process ferronickel production is characterized in that prereduced calcine with 15-25% of ferrous oxide content is used as initial slag for smelting, and the ferrous oxide content in final slag is controlled to be 5-15% in the smelting process; the components of the primary slag comprise: CaO, MgO, Al2O3、SiO2FeO; in the primary slag, the mass percentage of the calcium oxide is 1-10%; the mass percentage content of the aluminum oxide is 2-10%; the mass ratio of magnesium to silicon is 0.6-0.65, and the content of magnesium to silicon is not 0.6; the smelting temperature is 1500-1550 ℃; the power consumption of each ton of ferronickel is less than or equal to 3430 Kw.h.
2. The method for reducing energy consumption in RKEF process ferronickel production according to claim 1, characterized in that: during pre-reduction or smelting, the content of ferrous oxide in the primary slag or the final slag is increased by strengthening the reducing atmosphere.
3. The method for reducing energy consumption in RKEF process ferronickel production according to claim 2, characterized in that: the primary slag is obtained by pre-reduction after ore blending; selecting a plurality of laterite nickel ores and a flux for ore blending, wherein the mixed materials obtained by ore blending meet the following requirements:
the mass percentage of the calcium oxide is 1-10%; the mass percentage content of the aluminum oxide is 2-10%; the mass ratio of magnesium to silicon is 0.6-0.65, and the content of magnesium to silicon is not 0.6;
controlling the content of the ferrous oxide to reach 15-25% during pre-reduction;
the fusing agent is at least one of limestone and quicklime.
4. A method for reducing energy consumption in the production of ferronickel from the RKEF process according to claim 3, characterized in that: the content of the calcium oxide in the primary slag is 2-5%.
5. A method for reducing energy consumption in the production of ferronickel from the RKEF process according to claim 3, characterized in that: the content of the alumina in the primary slag is 3-6%.
6. A method for reducing energy consumption in the production of ferronickel from the RKEF process according to claim 3, characterized in that: the content of the ferrous oxide in the primary slag is 15-20%.
7. The method for reducing energy consumption in RKEF process ferronickel production according to claim 2, characterized in that: the content of the ferrous oxide in the final slag is 5-10%.
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| CN110527783B (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2021-05-28 | 江苏江南铁合金有限公司 | Process for improving nickel yield in nickel iron production |
| CN111286611B (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2021-06-08 | 中南大学 | Method for smelting chromium-nickel-containing iron and nickel from laterite-nickel ore |
| CN112626301A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-04-09 | 商都中建金马冶金化工有限公司 | Preparation process of nickel-iron alloy |
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