CN108204876B - Device and method for detecting pretightening force in real time in bolt assembly process - Google Patents
Device and method for detecting pretightening force in real time in bolt assembly process Download PDFInfo
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- CN108204876B CN108204876B CN201711422838.XA CN201711422838A CN108204876B CN 108204876 B CN108204876 B CN 108204876B CN 201711422838 A CN201711422838 A CN 201711422838A CN 108204876 B CN108204876 B CN 108204876B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000284466 Antarctothoa delta Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011897 real-time detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/24—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for detecting pretightening force in real time in a bolt assembly process, wherein the detection device comprises the following components: one or more pairs of high-precision laser displacement sensors and the high-precision motion guide rail is provided with a laser sensor and is used for displaying the pretightening force in real time and has an alarm function. The detection method comprises the following steps: the bolt and the nut are arranged on the connected piece, the nut is primarily screwed to the surface of the attached connected piece to ensure positioning, the positions of the laser sensors are adjusted through the moving guide rail, a pair of lasers are respectively irradiated on two end faces of the bolt, when the nut is screwed, the elongation of the bolt is measured through the high-precision laser displacement sensor, the converted bolt pretightening force is displayed in real time on the upper computer, and when the target pretightening force is achieved, the alarm is given. Compared with methods such as ultrasonic waves, strain gauges, micrometer length measuring instruments and the like, the method has the advantages of convenience in installation, strong field practicability, no damage, high precision and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to machinery in the field of equipment assembly, the equipment is assembled, in particular to a method for realizing real-time pretightening force in the assembly process of a high-end fastener A nondestructive testing device and method.
Background
The bolt connection is widely applied to the fields of machinery, civil engineering, energy and aerospace engineering. At present, the bolt field assembly is to control the magnitude of the bolt pretightening force by monitoring the torque value when the bolt is screwed, in the screwing process, only about 10% of input energy is converted into the pretightening force of the bolt, and the other about 90% of energy is rubbed by a thread tooth surface and the friction loss of the contact end surface of the nut and a connected piece, so even if the friction coefficient of the tooth surface and the end surface slightly fluctuates, a certain difference is generated after the bolt is screwed, and the pretightening force consistency is poor; although the torque-rotation angle method can improve the consistency of the pretightening force to a certain extent, the torque section in the screwing process still can cause a certain deviation between the actual pretightening force and the target pretightening force due to the difference of friction coefficients of the end face and the tooth face. In summary, how to accurately control the tightening pre-tightening force of the bolt is an urgent problem to be solved in field assembly.
The detection device and the method for measuring the bolt elongation through the laser displacement sensor are not disclosed in the related documents. The testing technology for field practical application mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) The patent of CN 104568282B, a device for testing the pretightening force of a bolt and a control method thereof, CN 103616118B, a detection system and a control method for the pretightening force of the bolt, CN 104075831A, a high-strength bolt pretightening force measuring device and the like disclose a method for measuring the pretightening force of the bolt through strain gauges, wherein a plurality of strain gauges are required to be attached to a screw rod of each tested bolt, the working procedure is complicated, and meanwhile, enough space is reserved between the bolts and a connected piece for arranging leads. The method has a certain damage to the bolts and cannot meet the requirement of on-site batch assembly.
(2) CN 1156679C "ultrasonic bolt tightening force testing device", CN 105115652a "a method for quantitatively monitoring bolt tightening torque by using active ultrasonic guided wave", etc. disclose that the measurement of bolt tightening force is realized according to the principle that the propagation speeds of ultrasonic waves in the bolts in different stress states are different. According to the method, pretreatment is needed on two end faces of the bolt, a coupling agent is needed during measurement, and the measurement accuracy is greatly affected by an operator.
(3) CN 103323170B (a bolt group connected pretightening force measuring system and method), CN 204286667U (a bolt pretightening force measuring device) and the like disclose that a pressure sensor is installed between a bolt and a connected piece to directly measure the pretightening force of the bolt, but the method is suitable for detection and experimental verification and is not suitable for practical assembly, because the installation of the pressure sensor affects the rigidity of the connected piece and affects the pressure distribution of a joint surface and the reliability of the use process.
In addition, the bolt elongation can be directly measured by a dial gauge length measuring instrument, but the traditional testing means has low measuring precision, the testing data is not easy to store and analyze, the requirement of on-site mass assembly cannot be met, and the engineering applicability is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects and shortcomings of the prior art in the aspect of pretightening force detection in field bolt assembly application, the invention provides a device and a method for real-time nondestructive detection of bolt pretightening force, which are high in precision, efficient, convenient and based on a high-precision laser displacement sensor.
In order to achieve one of the purposes of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a pretightening force real-time detection device in the bolt assembly process comprises an upper computer, a connected piece, a bolt to be assembled, a nut, a pair of high-precision laser displacement sensors and two high-precision movement guide rails; the high-precision motion guide rail is fixed on a horizontally placed base or the ground and is parallel to each other; the to-be-assembled bolt vertically passes through the to-be-assembled piece in the horizontal direction and is assembled through the nuts; the high-precision laser sensors are respectively arranged on the corresponding high-precision moving guide rails and are connected with the upper computer, and after the bolts to be assembled and the connected piece are assembled through nuts, the positions of the high-precision laser sensors on the high-precision moving guide rails are respectively adjusted so that laser emitted by the high-precision laser sensors are respectively and vertically irradiated on the front end face and the rear end face of the bolts to be assembled.
In the device for detecting the pretightening force in real time in the bolt assembly process, further, the high-precision laser displacement sensor and/or the high-precision moving guide rail are respectively two pairs or four pairs.
Further to is characterized in that, the high-precision motion guide rail is arranged on the high-precision motion guide rail the laser displacement sensor of the device does horizontal and vertical movements; further preferably, the measurement precision of the high-precision laser displacement sensor is not lower than 1um, and the sampling frequency is not lower than 50Hz.
In order to achieve the second object, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
by means ofThe invention provides a method for detecting pretightening force in real time in the bolt assembling process, which comprises the steps of installing a bolt to be assembled on a connected piece, preliminarily screwing a nut until the nut is attached to the surface of the connected piece to ensure positioning, respectively irradiating laser emitted by a high-precision laser displacement sensor on two end surfaces of the bolt to be assembled by adjusting the space position of the high-precision laser displacement sensor on a high-precision moving guide rail, and measuring the elongation delta L of the bolt by the high-precision laser displacement sensor when the nut to be assembled is fastened, wherein the pretightening force F=K b ΔL, where K b The concrete value of the axial tensile rigidity of the bolt is experimentally measured by a manufacturer or a detection center, and at the moment, the upper computer displays the converted bolt pretightening force F in real time and alarms when the target pretightening force F is reached.
In the method for detecting the pretightening force in real time in the bolt assembling process, further, the high-precision laser displacement sensor respectively horizontally and vertically scans the bolt hole of the connected piece, the transverse coordinate of the center of the bolt hole is obtained through two intersection points of the high-precision laser displacement sensor and the bolt hole in transverse scanning, the center position coordinate of the bolt hole is obtained through the longitudinal coordinate of the center of the bolt hole obtained through the two intersection points of the high-precision laser displacement sensor and the bolt hole in longitudinal scanning, and then the laser emitted by the high-precision laser displacement sensor is respectively irradiated to the center points of the two end faces of the bolt to be assembled after the bolt to be assembled is installed, so that the accuracy in measurement is further ensured.
Further, the high-precision laser displacement sensor fits the inclination of the end face of the bolt through the end face of the bolt to be assembled at one end of the multipoint measuring nut, and converts the elongation delta L of the bolt, so that the error is prevented, the measuring accuracy is further ensured, the tightening is stopped and an alarm prompt is given when the target pretightening force F is reached, and the data in the tightening process are automatically stored.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) The bolt elongation is directly measured by the high-precision laser sensor, and the method belongs to real-time non-contact nondestructive measurement, is convenient to install and easy to replace, and has strong field practicability.
(2) The invention is not interfered by factors such as manual operation, has high measurement precision, can store data in batches, is easy for later data processing and analysis, and is beneficial to the realization of automatic assembly.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the present invention bolt assembly process a device diagram for detecting the pretightening force in real time.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method for detecting pretightening force in real time in the process of assembling bolts according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a method for determining the center of a bolt hole of a connected component according to the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing an elongated state after the bolt of the present invention is tightened.
In fig. 1-4: 1. the upper computer, 2, the connected piece, 2-1, the bolt hole, 3, the nut, 4, the bolt to be assembled, 5, the high-precision laser displacement sensor, 6, the high-precision motion guide rail;
the high-precision laser displacement sensor comprises a 5-1 high-precision laser displacement sensor at the head end of a bolt, a 5-2 high-precision laser displacement sensor at the end of a nut; 4-1, the end face of the bolt head to be assembled, 4-2, and the end face of the bolt tail to be assembled.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments the mode is as follows:
the invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings and examples.
The terms of the directions such as front and rear in the following embodiments are only directions referring to fig. 1 to 4, and the front and rear refer to the front and rear in the left and right directions in fig. 1 to 4. Accordingly, directional terminology is used for the purpose of describing and understanding the invention and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1. The invention relates to a device for detecting pretightening force in real time in a bolt assembly process, which comprises an upper computer 1, a connected piece 2, a nut 3, a bolt 4 to be assembled, a high-precision laser displacement sensor 5 and a high-precision moving guide rail 6.
The high-precision moving guide rail 6 is fixed on a horizontally placed base or the ground and is parallel to each other; the to-be-assembled bolt 4 vertically passes through the to-be-assembled part 2 and is assembled through the nut 3; the high-precision laser displacement sensors 5-1 and 5-2 at the head end of the bolt are respectively arranged on the high-precision moving guide rail 6 and are connected with the upper computer 1, after the bolt 4 and the nut 3 to be assembled are assembled with the connected piece 2, the positions of the high-precision laser displacement sensor 5-1 at the head end of the bolt and the high-precision laser displacement sensor 5-2 at the nut end on the high-precision moving guide rail 6 are respectively adjusted to enable the laser emitted by the high-precision laser displacement sensor 5-2 at the head end of the bolt to be assembled to be respectively perpendicularly irradiated on the front end face and the rear end face of the bolt 4 to be assembled, the front end face is the bolt head end face 4-1 to be assembled, and the rear end face is the bolt tail end face to be assembled.
Example 2
With the device of example 1, a method for detecting the pretightening force in real time during the bolt assembly process is shown in fig. 2.
After the connected piece 2 is placed in the detection device of the embodiment 1 and reliably positioned and fixed, the high-precision moving guide rail 6 enables the high-precision laser displacement sensor 5-1 at the bolt head end to horizontally and vertically scan the bolt hole 2-1, and respectively record the horizontal abscissa values a and b and the vertical ordinate values c and d, as shown in fig. 3, so as to determine the coordinates ((a+b)/2, (c+d)/2) of the center point O of the bolt hole 2-1.
After the bolt 4 and the nut 3 to be assembled are positioned and installed on the connected piece 2, the nut 3 is primarily screwed to be attached to the surface of the connected piece 2, the bolt 4 to be assembled is ensured to be horizontally perpendicular to the high-precision moving guide rail 6 and is reliably fixed, the high-precision laser displacement sensor 5-1 at the head end of the bolt irradiates the coordinate point O of the end face 4-1 of the bolt to be assembled through the high-precision moving guide rail 6, the high-precision laser displacement sensor 5-2 at the nut end irradiates the center point of the end face 4-2 of the bolt to be assembled at one end of the nut 3, and the initial distance L at the moment is recorded 1 +L 2 Subsequently, the nut 3 starts to be screwed down at a constant speed, and the elongation delta L= (L) of the bolt 4 to be assembled is measured by the bolt head end high-precision laser displacement sensor 5-1 and the nut end high-precision laser displacement sensor 5-2 1 +L 2 )-(L 1 ′+L 2 ') wherein L 1 、L 2 In the initial state, the high-precision laser displacement sensor 5-1 at the bolt head end and the high-precision laser displacement sensor 5-2 at the nut end are respectively to be detectedThe vertical distance L between the centers of the front and rear end surfaces of the assembly bolt 4 1 ′、L 2 When' is in a screwing state, the bolt head end high-precision laser displacement sensor 5-1 and the nut end high-precision laser displacement sensor 5-2 are respectively at vertical distances to the centers of the front end face and the rear end face of the bolt 4 to be assembled.
In the method for detecting the pre-tightening force in real time in the bolt assembly process, the converted bolt pre-tightening force F is displayed in real time on the upper computer 1, and the conversion formula of the bolt pre-tightening force F is F=K b ·ΔL，K b The concrete value of the axial tensile rigidity of the bolt is experimentally measured by a manufacturer or a detection center.
When the pretightening force F reaches 90% of the target pretightening force, the nut 3 is stopped being screwed, at the moment, the high-precision laser displacement sensor 5-2 at the nut end fits the inclination of the end face of the bolt through the end face 4-2 of the bolt to be assembled at one end of the multi-point measuring nut 3, as shown in fig. 4, the bolt elongation required by the rest 10% pretightening force is converted, and by slowly screwing the nut 3, when the target pretightening force F is reached, the screwing is stopped, an alarm prompt is given, and the data in the screwing process are automatically saved.
Taking the bolt MJ8-1-48 as an example, when the overall thickness of the connected piece 2 is 30mm, the axial rigidity of the assembled bolt MJ8-1-48 is about 274kN/mm, and when the pretightening force after tightening reaches 37kN, the elongation of the corresponding bolt MJ8-1-48 is about 0.135mm. When the measurement precision of the high-precision laser displacement sensor 5 in the example is +/-1 um, the measurement error of the pretightening force of the bolt MJ8-1-48 is only +/-1 percent, so that the method is high in measurement precision and strong in field practicability compared with the existing method, and aims to solve the problem that the pretightening force of bolt assembly in the current industry cannot be detected in real time, provide a feasible scheme for automatic bolt assembly detection in the future, and even replace the tightening process of indirectly controlling the pretightening force of the bolt by the current torque method, the rotation angle method and the like.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations of the invention, such as the manner of mounting laser sensors, the number and arrangement of laser sensors and the use in bolt assembly, may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for detecting pretightening force in real time in the bolt assembly process is characterized in that:
the device for detecting the pretightening force in real time in the bolt assembly process comprises an upper computer, a connected piece, a bolt to be assembled, a pair of high-precision laser displacement sensors and a pair of high-precision moving guide rails; the high-precision motion guide rail is fixed on the horizontal a base or ground placed parallel to each other; the to-be-assembled bolt is arranged in the middle of the high-precision motion guide rail and parallel to the high-precision motion guide rail, and the horizontal direction of the to-be-assembled bolt is perpendicular to the to-be-assembled bolt; the high-precision laser sensors are respectively arranged on the corresponding high-precision moving guide rails and connected with the upper computer, after the bolts to be assembled and the connected piece are assembled, the positions of the high-precision laser sensors on the high-precision moving guide rails are respectively adjusted to enable the laser emitted by the high-precision laser sensors to be respectively and vertically irradiated on the front end face and the rear end face of the bolts to be assembled,
the high-precision movement guide rail enables the laser displacement sensor arranged on the high-precision movement guide rail to horizontally and vertically move;
the device for detecting the pretightening force in real time in the bolt assembling process is used, then the bolt to be assembled is arranged on the connected piece, the nut is screwed down until the bolt is attached to the surface of the connected piece to ensure positioning, the space position of the high-precision laser displacement sensor on the high-precision motion guide rail is adjusted, laser emitted by a high-precision laser displacement sensor is respectively and vertically irradiated on two end surfaces of a bolt to be assembled, when the bolt to be assembled is fastened, the high-precision laser displacement sensor is used for measuring the elongation delta L of the bolt, and the bolt pretightening force F=K b a.DELTA.L, wherein K is b The concrete value of the axial tensile rigidity of the bolt is experimentally measured by a manufacturer or a detection center, at the moment, the upper computer displays the converted bolt pretightening force F in real time and alarms when the target pretightening force F is reached,
the high-precision laser displacement sensor fits the inclination of the end face of the bolt to be assembled at one end of the nut through multipoint measurement, and converts the elongation delta L of the bolt.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: after the bolts to be assembled are installed, the laser emitted by the high-precision laser displacement sensor is respectively irradiated to the central points of the two end faces of the bolts to be assembled.
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| CN201711422838.XA CN108204876B (en) | 2017-12-25 | 2017-12-25 | Device and method for detecting pretightening force in real time in bolt assembly process |
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| CN201711422838.XA CN108204876B (en) | 2017-12-25 | 2017-12-25 | Device and method for detecting pretightening force in real time in bolt assembly process |
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| CN108204876B true CN108204876B (en) | 2024-04-16 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109458960B (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2023-05-02 | 长安大学 | Device and method for measuring bolt elongation based on signal correlation |
| CN109489888B (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2023-10-03 | 江苏徐工工程机械研究院有限公司 | Annular structure connecting bolt pretightening force detecting system |
| CN112179554B (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2021-07-06 | 大连理工大学 | Thread torque and pretightening force measuring device of small-size bolt fastener |
| CN113155347B (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2023-03-14 | 青海大学 | Bolt pretightening force loading method |
| CN113155346B (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2023-01-24 | 青海大学 | Method for measuring joint pre-tightening force of threaded connection part |
| CN113203512B (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2022-11-29 | 青海大学 | Method for monitoring attachment point |
| CN113358266B (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2023-04-25 | 神龙汽车有限公司 | Bolt assembly tension testing method |
| CN113624388A (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-11-09 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Pretightening force-nut tightening torque calibration system of gas turbine pull rod rotor |
| CN114894368B (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2022-12-27 | 航天精工股份有限公司 | Bolt shear circumferential distribution measuring method based on array film rotation calibration |
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