CN108204235B - Be used for seabed mineral conveyer - Google Patents
Be used for seabed mineral conveyer Download PDFInfo
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- CN108204235B CN108204235B CN201810161219.8A CN201810161219A CN108204235B CN 108204235 B CN108204235 B CN 108204235B CN 201810161219 A CN201810161219 A CN 201810161219A CN 108204235 B CN108204235 B CN 108204235B
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- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004966 Carbon aerogel Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 206010039509 Scab Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 241001283150 Terana caerulea Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 201000008827 tuberculosis Diseases 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- MZZUATUOLXMCEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Co] MZZUATUOLXMCEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C50/00—Obtaining minerals from underwater, not otherwise provided for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
- B63B35/4413—Floating drilling platforms, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
- B63B2035/442—Spar-type semi-submersible structures, i.e. shaped as single slender, e.g. substantially cylindrical or trussed vertical bodies
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of marine equipment, in particular to a submarine mineral transporting device, which comprises a platform floating on the sea surface and a conveying system for transporting submarine mineral onto the platform, wherein the conveying system comprises a mineral collecting device for collecting the mineral and a power system for conveying the mineral from the inside of the mineral collecting device to the platform. The invention has reasonable and simple structure, strong practicability, stable sea mine transportation, high efficiency and low transportation energy consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of marine equipment, in particular to a submarine mineral transportation device.
Background
With the continuous development of world economy, land mineral resources are increasingly exhausted, and countries around the world are directing their eyes to the ocean from the beginning of the last century. There are six main categories of mineral resources found in the ocean: 1. petroleum and natural gas; 2. solid mineral products such as coal, iron and the like; 3. seashore placer; 4. multi-metal nodules and cobalt-manganese rich crusts; 5. hydrothermal reservoirs; 6. and (5) combustible ice. Among them, polymetallic nodule has become a development hotspot in many countries in the world due to the characteristics of wide distribution range, high metal content and the like.
According to the university of california professor Mero in the united states, the polymetallic nodules and crusts on the ocean floor are estimated to be 117 billion tons. The multi-metal nodules and the crusts contain more than 70 elements such as copper, cobalt, nickel, manganese, iron, tungsten, titanium, molybdenum, gold, silver and the like, wherein the average grades of the copper, cobalt, nickel and manganese are respectively 1.00%, 0.22%, 1.30% and 25.0%, the reserves of the four metals are respectively 50 hundred million tons, 30 hundred million tons, 90 hundred million tons and 2000 hundred million tons, which are equivalent to 9 times, 539 times, 83 times and 57 times of land reserves, the manganese nodules are distributed on the sea floor of 2000-6000 m, and the cobalt crusts are distributed on the sea mountain of 1500-4000 m, so the technical difficulty of exploitation of the manganese nodules and the cobalt crusts is very great. Since the beginning of the last century, the world nations have conducted extensive research on deep sea manganese nodule and cobalt crust mining techniques, and different mining methods have been proposed, while mining systems consisting of mining vessels, undersea mining vehicles and hydraulic conveying systems are considered as the most commercially viable mining methods.
In the process of continuous development of the deep sea mining system, the most basic problems must be solved all the time: i.e. how to most efficiently collect, lift the ore at the sea bottom to the sea surface, transport it after dehydration to the vessel. Several mining systems were explored early in western developed countries, and they were mainly divided into: a dragline mining system, a continuous rope bucket (CLB) mining system, a shuttle mining system, a fluid lift mining system.
The fluid lifting mining method consists of three parts of submarine collection, ore lifting and water surface support, and is considered as the most promising future deep sea first-generation commercial exploitation system. The system can carry out continuous mining and has high production capacity; the operation of the mining equipment is easy to control, and even the operation can be remotely controlled; in the process of tuberculosis promotion, sediment cannot be diffused, and the influence on the marine ecological environment is small; the recovery rate of tuberculosis is high.
However, the fluid lifting mining method has large dependence on long-distance ore lifting hard pipes, and needs the cooperation of multi-stage water pumps, meanwhile, the hard pipes are easy to corrode in deep sea areas, the flexibility is poor, and the tuberculosis has large abrasion to the pumps, is difficult to maintain and has high cost. Therefore, a new mineral transportation mode is researched to solve the problem of maintenance cost, reduce energy consumption, and facilitate solid-liquid separation on the sea surface, so that the method has very important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the submarine mineral conveying device which has the advantages of reasonable and simple structure, strong practicability, stable sea mine conveying, high efficiency, low conveying energy consumption and convenience in solid-liquid separation.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a transportation device for seafloor minerals, comprising a platform floating on the sea surface, a transportation system for transporting seafloor minerals onto the platform, the transportation system comprising a collection device for collecting the minerals, and a power system for transferring the minerals from within the collection device to the platform.
The invention is further provided with: the power system comprises a descending pipeline and an ascending pipeline which are arranged in the sea, one end of the descending pipeline is connected with the platform, the other end of the ascending pipeline is communicated with the ore collecting device, a floater is movably arranged in the descending pipeline and the ascending pipeline, seawater is filled in the ascending pipeline, the floater floats in the ascending pipeline and drives the seawater in the ascending pipeline to flow towards the platform, and the seawater in the ascending pipeline is pumped up to the platform while flowing.
The platform is provided with a filling device for converting the movable position of the floater, the ascending pipeline and the descending pipeline are mutually communicated, and the communicating part is provided with an isolation cabin.
By adopting the technical scheme, as the seawater is arranged in the ascending pipeline, the floater can move upwards under the influence of buoyancy in the ascending pipeline, and when the floater moves in the ascending pipeline, the seawater can be driven to flow upwards (which is equivalent to the principle of pumping water), and extremely strong suction force can be generated to transmit the seawater ore in the ore collecting device to the platform while the seawater flows upwards in the ascending pipeline. When the floater rises to the outlet of the rising pipeline, the filler device can take the floater out of the rising pipeline and send the floater to the descending pipeline, the floater moves freely in the descending pipeline and falls into the isolation cabin, and the floater is sent to the rising pipeline again through the isolation cabin and circulates in sequence. To ensure that the power system can provide continuous power, 10 floats are placed on each pipeline (the ascending pipeline and the descending pipeline) so as to realize uninterrupted operation of the floats.
The invention is further provided with: the float comprises a shell and all-carbon aerogel filled in the shell, and a ferrous metal block is arranged on the top of the shell.
By adopting the technical scheme, the shell is made of titanium alloy, and the inside is filled with all-carbon aerogel. The titanium metal and the titanium alloy have the excellent performances of high strength, high specific stiffness, fatigue resistance, good toughness, no magnetism, good welding performance, seawater corrosion resistance and the like, and are high-quality materials for marine equipment. The all-carbon aerogel is in a solid shape, has lighter density than air, and avoids the problems of water inflow and gas leakage of the floater compared with the air serving as a filler. Iron-containing metal is added into the top interlayer of the floater, so that the adsorption of the filling device is facilitated.
The invention is further provided with: the packing device comprises a frame body and a rotary table rotationally connected with the frame body, wherein a lifting arm is arranged on the rotary table, the lifting arm is in sliding connection with the rotary table, an electromagnet is arranged at the end part of the lifting arm, and a stroke valve for controlling the sliding distance of the lifting arm is arranged on the rotary table.
By adopting the technical scheme, the float filling device is positioned in the sea surface platform, and mainly aims to shift the ascending floats to the descending pipelines so that the floats work circularly. The process imitates the bullet filling process, effectively utilizes the buoyancy and gravity of the floater, has simple process structure and convenient maintenance, and greatly reduces the energy consumption while realizing continuous transportation.
The invention is further provided with: the isolation cabin is internally provided with a hydraulic cylinder pushing the floats falling from the descending pipelines into the ascending pipelines, a first cabin plate is arranged between the isolation cabin and the descending pipelines, a second cabin plate is arranged between the isolation cabin and the ascending pipelines, the isolation cabin is internally provided with a drainage pump, and the first cabin plate and the second cabin plate are both in sliding connection with the isolation cabin.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the isolation cabin can play the effect of float transition and separation water, and its working method is that utilize two isolation cabin doors to divide into the pipeline three-section, and the float passes through first cabin board by the decline pipeline and gets into the isolation cabin, closes first cabin board, opens the second cabin board and utilizes flexible hydraulic cylinder to jack-in the float to rise the pipeline, closes the second cabin board, utilizes the drain pump to discharge water. The device is ensured to normally operate by circulation in turn.
The invention is further provided with: the descending pipeline is internally provided with a plurality of deceleration pieces, and the deceleration pieces comprise a connecting frame fixed with the descending pipeline and a deceleration block hinged with the connecting frame.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when the float was done free fall motion in the decline pipeline, every 5 meters set up a pair of decelerator for the float can descend step by step, avoids dropping the too fast destruction to float and pipeline of speed.
The invention is further provided with: the ore collecting device comprises an ore collecting vehicle, a separation cabin and a water suction pump, wherein the ore collecting vehicle is connected with an ore conveying pipeline communicated with a rising pipeline, the discharge port of the separation cabin is connected with an ore lifting pipeline communicated with the water suction pump, the feed inlet of the separation cabin is communicated with the ore conveying pipeline, and one end of the separation cabin is communicated with the rising pipeline.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the mining car is collected the ore in with the seabed, and the pipeline that rises produces suction and transports the ore to the separation cabin in through defeated ore pipe, can realize the preliminary separation of ore.
The invention is further provided with: the separation cabin is internally provided with a material cabin, an impeller is arranged in the separation cabin and rotates under the flow of seawater, and an isolation net is arranged at the communication part of the separation cabin and the ascending pipeline.
By adopting the technical scheme, the material cabin temporarily stores minerals so that the minerals enter the ore lifting pipeline. The water-mineral mixture is primarily separated through centrifugal action, water continues to flow upwards through the isolation net, and minerals are thrown into the cabin under the drive of the impeller.
Compared with the defects in the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. by utilizing the liquid lifting principle, the light medium floater is designed, the floating speed is high, continuous transportation can be realized, and the mining efficiency is greatly improved. The circulation of the floater is efficient and environment-friendly, and a new mode is provided for the existing mineral transportation technology. The ore collecting device separates water from ore in the transportation process, realizes multi-stage transportation, reduces energy consumption, adopts hose transportation, and prolongs the service life.
2. Because people gradually turn the exploitation of energy from land to sea, the environmental problem of sea is more serious, and the device can be used for cleaning submarine garbage and better maintaining the marine ecological environment.
3. The future deep sea space station is used as a novel exploitation mode, can be combined with the device to improve mineral exploitation efficiency, and can be used for exploiting ores in a more convenient mode, and on the other hand, the power system of the device can also be used as a power source for supplying materials to the deep sea space station.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a front view structure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the float of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the separation chamber of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the assembly structure of the shock absorbing member of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the isolation capsule of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the yield to energy consumption ratio as a function of riser diameter.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the yield versus energy consumption ratio as a function of pump number.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to fig. 1 to 8.
The invention has the specific structure that: comprising a platform 1 floating on the sea surface, a conveying system for conveying submarine ore onto the platform 1, the conveying system comprising an ore collecting device 4 for collecting the ore, and a power system 2 for conveying the ore from the inside of the ore collecting device 4 to the platform 1.
As shown in fig. 1: the platform 1 is a semi-submersible offshore platform 1, floats on the sea surface and can work in deeper water areas. The water is filled into the ship body, so that the draft can be adjusted, and the stability of the ship body is kept. The lower part of the tower is a pontoon of considerable volume, on which are hollow columns, supporting the upper platform 1 on which are all mineral extraction equipment and necessary living facilities. The whole platform 1 floats on the water surface by a pontoon. The platform 1 is provided with a 2-3-level dynamic positioning system, a seabed sonar positioning system, a satellite positioning system and the like to ensure the relatively stable coordinates of the platform 1. The platform 1 is provided with various displacement compensation devices to compensate unstable conditions caused by sea conditions, so that the whole device can be kept stable in the sea area.
As shown in fig. 2: the power system 2 comprises a descending pipeline 21 and an ascending pipeline 22 which are arranged in the sea, one ends of the descending pipeline 21 and the ascending pipeline 22 are connected with the platform 1, a floater 5 is movably arranged in the descending pipeline 21 and the ascending pipeline 22, seawater is filled in the ascending pipeline 22, and the floater 5 floats in the ascending pipeline 22 and drives the seawater in the ascending pipeline 22 to flow towards the platform.
The platform 1 is provided with a filling device for converting the movable position of the floater 5, the ascending pipeline 22 and the descending pipeline 21 are mutually communicated, the communicating part is provided with a separation cabin 23, and the other end of the ascending pipeline 22 is communicated with the ore collecting device 4.
Because the seawater is arranged in the ascending pipeline 22, the floats 5 can move upwards under the influence of buoyancy in the ascending pipeline 22, when the floats 5 move in the ascending pipeline 22, the seawater can be driven to flow upwards (which is equivalent to the principle of liquid pumping), and extremely strong suction force can be generated when the seawater flows upwards in the ascending pipeline 22 to transfer the seawater ore in the ore collecting device 4 to the platform 1. When the float 5 rises to the outlet of the rising pipe 22, the packing device will take it out of the rising pipe 22 and send it to the falling pipe 21, where the float 5 moves freely in the falling pipe 21 and drops into the compartment 23, where the float 5 is sent back to the rising pipe 22 via the compartment 23, circulating in sequence. In order to ensure that the power system 2 can provide continuous power, the present embodiment has four descending pipes 21 and one ascending pipe 22, where the length of the pipes is 85m, the outer diameter is 1.5m, and the inner diameter is 1.3m. To ensure that the power system 2 can provide continuous power, 10 floats 5 are placed in each pipeline to realize uninterrupted operation of the floats 5.
As shown in fig. 3: the float 5 comprises a housing 51 and an all-carbon aerogel 52 filled in the housing 51, and a ferrous metal block 53 is provided on top of the housing 51.
The embodiment is based on a fluid lifting mining method, and utilizes upward movement of a light medium floater 5 to drive liquid flow in a pipe as main power so as to realize mineral transportation. The float 5 is made of titanium alloy as the device housing 51, all-carbon aerogel as the internal filler, and expanded graphite as the seal. The device ensures a good tightness so that the entire float 5 fits against the pipe, ensuring the maximum amount of fluid movement.
The float 5 has a diameter of 1.3m, a height of 1m and a wall thickness of 2mm, and the density of the known titanium alloy is 4.51g/cm 3 The density of the all-carbon aerogel is 0.18mg/cm 3 . The resultant force of the light medium movement is about 9080N through calculation, and the initial acceleration is 10.3m/s 2 Meets the requirement of transportation power. The calculation formula is as follows:
F floating device ＝ρvg＝F1.03×10 3 kg/m 3 ×9.8N/kg×1.766m 3 ＝892.7kg
M Total (S) ＝ρ Aerogel ×V Aerogel +ρ Titanium ×V Titanium ＝0.18kg/m 3 ×1.568m 3 +4500kg/m 3 ×0.198m 3 ＝892.7kg
F Closing device ＝F Floating device -mg＝17828.5N-892.7kg×9.8N/kg＝9080N
An "all-carbon aerogel" is a product of drying and solvent removal of a gel in a semi-solid state, and has a solid appearance, a plurality of pores inside, and air-filled pores, so that the density is extremely low. The main components are carbon fibers and graphene fibers, the density is only 0.16 mg per cubic centimeter, which is about 2 times that of hydrogen, lighter than nitrogen and is one sixth of that of air.
The outer shell 51 is made of titanium alloy, and the inside is filled with all-carbon aerogel. The titanium metal and the titanium alloy have the excellent performances of high strength, high specific stiffness, fatigue resistance, good toughness, no magnetism, good welding performance, seawater corrosion resistance and the like, and are high-quality materials for marine equipment. The all-carbon aerogel is in a solid shape, has lighter density than air, and compared with the air serving as a filler, the air-filled all-carbon aerogel avoids the problems of water inflow and air leakage of the floater 5. Iron-containing metal is added into the top interlayer of the floater 5, so that the adsorption of the filling device is facilitated.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2: the packing device comprises a frame body 31 and a rotary table 32 rotationally connected with the frame body 31, wherein a lifting arm 33 is arranged on the rotary table 32, the lifting arm 33 is in sliding connection with the rotary table 32, an electromagnet is arranged at the end part of the lifting arm 33, and a stroke valve for controlling the sliding distance of the lifting arm 33 is arranged on the rotary table 32.
The float 5 filling device is positioned in the sea surface platform 1, and mainly aims to shift the ascending float 5 to the descending pipeline 21 so that the float 5 circularly works. The process imitates the bullet filling process, effectively utilizes the buoyancy and gravity of the floater 5, has simple process structure and convenient maintenance, and greatly reduces energy consumption while realizing continuous transportation.
The drop tubes 21 are spaced 1.8 meters apart, with turntable 32 being 2 meters in diameter, taking into account the fluid velocity and overall structure of the apparatus. During the displacement of the float 5 from the rising pipe 22 to the falling pipe 21, the turntable 32 rotates clockwise, each time the turntable 32 rotates 90 degrees, and since the iron-containing metal block is arranged on the top of the float 5, the lifting arm 33 sucks up the float 5 by the electromagnet at the end of the degree, the float 5 is lifted up by the lifting arm 33 for about 14.5s, and the lifting head translates for about 8.6s, namely, about 4 floats 5 per minute.
As shown in fig. 6: the hydraulic cylinder 7c pushing the floats 5 falling from the descending pipes 21 into the ascending pipes 22 is arranged in the isolation cabin 23, a first cabin plate 71 is arranged between the isolation cabin 23 and the descending pipes 21, a second cabin plate 72 is arranged between the isolation cabin 23 and the ascending pipes 22, a drainage pump is also arranged in the isolation cabin 23, and the first cabin plate 71 and the second cabin plate 72 are both in sliding connection with the isolation cabin 23. One end of the first deck plate 71 and one end of the second deck plate 72 are connected with telescopic cylinders (7 b,7 d) for driving the first deck plate and the second deck plate to slide.
The isolation cabin 23 can play a role in transition of the floater 5 and separation of water, and the operation mode is that two isolation cabin 23 doors are used for dividing a pipeline into three sections, the floater 5 enters the isolation cabin 23 from the descending pipeline 21 through the first cabin plate 71, the first cabin plate 71 is closed, the second cabin plate 72 is opened, the floater 5 is jacked into the ascending pipeline 22 by using a hydraulic cylinder, the second cabin plate 72 is closed, and water is discharged by using a drainage pump. The device is ensured to normally operate by circulation in turn.
The design of the isolation cabin 23 is derived from a submarine cabin door, a submarine is generally provided with a watertight cabin door between every two cabins, and the watertight cabin door can be locked from the inside to prevent the disaster of the whole submarine caused by the damage of a certain cabin, the watertight cabin door of the submarine is made of pressure-resistant materials, and has good pressure resistance, and the protection level of the submarine is that water is fed into the submarine at intervals of two cabins but not sunk, namely, the water fed into the adjacent cabins of the submarine is blocked by the watertight cabin door. The cabin doors of the submarines are provided with thick sealing rings which are made of high-grade red copper materials, are soft and can resist high water pressure. The pressure valve can be screwed up at the outlet, so that the red copper is dead and extruded with the bulkhead, the high water pressure is not used, and the cabin plate is formed in the same way.
As shown in fig. 5: when the floater 5 does free falling motion in the descending pipeline 21, a pair of speed reducing parts 6 are arranged every 5 meters in the descending pipeline 21, so that the floater 5 can descend step by step, and damage to the floater 5 and the pipeline caused by too high dropping speed is avoided. The decelerator 6 includes a link 61 fixed to the descent pipe 21 and a decelerator block 62 hinged to the link 61. When the floater 5 collides with the deceleration block, the deceleration block overturns, and the deceleration block resets after the floater 5 falls.
The collecting device 4 comprises a mining vehicle, a separation cabin 42 and a water pump 40, and the mining vehicle is connected with a mineral conveying pipeline 41 communicated with the ascending pipeline 22. The outlet of the separation cabin is connected with a lifting pipeline 43 communicated with the water suction pump, the inlet of the separation cabin is communicated with the ore conveying pipeline 41, and one end of the separation cabin is communicated with the lifting pipeline 22.
As shown in fig. 4: the separating cabin 42 is internally provided with a material cabin 421, an impeller 422 is arranged in the separating cabin, the impeller rotates under the flow of seawater, and a separation net 423 is arranged at the connection part of the separating cabin and the rising pipeline 22.
The mining vehicle collects the ore in the sea floor and the rising conduit 22 creates suction to transport the ore into the separation chamber via the ore delivery conduit 41, whereby a preliminary separation of the ore can be achieved. The bin 421 temporarily stores mineral into the yankee duct 43. The water-mineral mixture is initially separated by centrifugation, water continues to flow upwards through the separation net, and minerals are thrown into the cabin 421 under the drive of the impeller. The isolation net 423 is mainly an iron net with a gap less than 0.1mm, and prevents small particles from entering the rising pipe 22 to damage the inner wall of the rising pipe 22.
As shown in FIG. 7, the analysis result shows that the diameter of the ore conveying pipeline is 600mm, and the maximum system power and yield can be ensured, and the energy consumption per unit yield can be reduced to the minimum. The device therefore selects this as the hose diameter for use in subsea mineral transport. 1300mm of rising pipeline pipe diameter, the ratio is 6:13, can provide a greater lifting force, at which time the throughput can be guaranteed to be maximized, and system power and energy consumption per unit throughput are minimized.
As shown in fig. 8:
according to a minimum conveying flow formula of the vertical lifting pipeline:
the minimum transport flow rate of this example was found to be 1.69m 3 Per second, the total throughput of the system is 851.55kg/s.
The device mainly comprises a filling device, an isolation cabin, a descending pipeline and 5 pump bodies. The required power of the packing device is about 97.5kw, the required power in the isolation cabin is about 18.98kw, and the power of the speed reducing buckle in the descending pipeline is about 14kw, so that the total power is about 130kw, namely the power consumption of a single float cycle is about one week. The power required for a single pump is 1282.175kw, so the total power of the system of this embodiment is approximately 6540.875kw.
In summary, when the pulp concentration cv=0.2 and the pipe diameter d=600 mm, the unit capacity of the hydraulic lifting system consumes 37.04kJ/Kg, and the unit capacity of the device consumes 7.68kJ/Kg. The calculation result proves that the power system has positive effect on reducing energy consumption, and the power system can be improved by about 5 times. The following energy consumption comparison table:
the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, but one skilled in the art can make common changes and substitutions within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A transport system for seafloor minerals, comprising a platform floating on the sea surface, for transporting seafloor minerals onto the platform, characterized by: the conveying system comprises an ore collecting device for collecting ore and a power system for conveying the ore from the inside of the ore collecting device to the platform;
the power system comprises a descending pipeline and an ascending pipeline which are arranged in the sea, one end of the descending pipeline and one end of the ascending pipeline are respectively connected with the platform,
the other end of the rising pipeline is communicated with the ore collecting device, floats are movably arranged in the descending pipeline and the rising pipeline, seawater is filled in the rising pipeline, the floats float in the rising pipeline and drive the seawater in the rising pipeline to flow towards the direction of the platform, and the seawater in the rising pipeline pumps up the ore in the ore collecting device to the platform while flowing;
the platform is provided with a filling device for converting the movable position of the floater, the ascending pipeline and the descending pipeline are mutually communicated, and an isolation cabin is arranged at the communication position;
the packing device comprises a frame body and a rotary table rotationally connected with the frame body, wherein the rotary table is provided with a lifting arm which is in sliding connection with the rotary table, the end part of the lifting arm is provided with an electromagnet, and the rotary table is provided with a travel valve for controlling the sliding distance of the lifting arm;
the isolation cabin is internally provided with a hydraulic cylinder pushing the floats falling from the descending pipelines into the ascending pipelines, a first cabin plate is arranged between the isolation cabin and the descending pipelines, a second cabin plate is arranged between the isolation cabin and the ascending pipelines, the isolation cabin is internally provided with a drainage pump, and the first cabin plate and the second cabin plate are respectively
And the isolation cabin is connected in a sliding way.
2. A device for the transportation of submarine minerals according to claim 1, characterized in that: the float comprises a shell and all-carbon aerogel filled in the shell, and a ferrous metal block is arranged on the top of the shell.
3. A device for the transportation of submarine minerals according to claim 1, characterized in that: the descending pipeline is internally provided with a plurality of deceleration pieces, and the deceleration pieces comprise a connecting frame fixed with the descending pipeline and a deceleration block hinged with the connecting frame.
4. A device for the transportation of submarine minerals according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ore collecting device comprises an ore collecting vehicle, a separation cabin and a water suction pump, wherein the ore collecting vehicle is connected with an ore conveying pipeline communicated with a rising pipeline, the discharge port of the separation cabin is connected with an ore lifting pipeline communicated with the water suction pump, the feed inlet of the separation cabin is communicated with the ore conveying pipeline, and one end of the separation cabin is communicated with the rising pipeline.
5. A device for the transportation of minerals on the sea floor according to claim 4, characterized in that: the separation cabin is internally provided with a material cabin, an impeller is arranged in the separation cabin and rotates under the flow of seawater, and an isolation net is arranged at the communication part of the separation cabin and the ascending pipeline.
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| CN110685694B (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2021-04-06 | 中国船舶工业集团公司第七0八研究所 | Suction equipment suitable for deep water mining |
| CN110803258A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-02-18 | 天津大学 | Buoyancy self-elevating type large submarine mineral lifting system |
| CN112647950A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-04-13 | 吉县古贤泵业有限公司 | Deep sea mining method and deep sea mining device |
| CN114104741B (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-08-02 | 山东大学 | Non-contact type deep-sea polymetallic nodule conveying system and working method thereof |
| CN114439478B (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2023-03-31 | 清华大学 | Marine mineral transport device and method |
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