CN108198856B - Manufacturing method of GaN HEMT device ohmic contact electrode, electrode and HEMT device - Google Patents

Manufacturing method of GaN HEMT device ohmic contact electrode, electrode and HEMT device Download PDF

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CN108198856B
CN108198856B CN201810168886.9A CN201810168886A CN108198856B CN 108198856 B CN108198856 B CN 108198856B CN 201810168886 A CN201810168886 A CN 201810168886A CN 108198856 B CN108198856 B CN 108198856B
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metal layer
ohmic contact
layer
gan
thickness
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CN108198856A (en
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崔玉兴
谭永亮
樊帆
毕胜赢
胡泽先
张力江
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Hebei Zhongci Electronic Technology Co ltd Shijiazhuang High Tech Branch
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CETC 13 Research Institute
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L29/00Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof  ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/40Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/43Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
    • H01L29/45Ohmic electrodes
    • H01L29/452Ohmic electrodes on AIII-BV compounds
    • H01L29/454Ohmic electrodes on AIII-BV compounds on thin film AIII-BV compounds
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/04Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
    • H01L21/18Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
    • H01L21/28Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
    • H01L21/283Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current
    • H01L21/285Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation
    • H01L21/28506Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation of conductive layers
    • H01L21/28575Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation of conductive layers on semiconductor bodies comprising AIIIBV compounds
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L29/00Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof  ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/66Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/66007Multistep manufacturing processes
    • H01L29/66075Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials
    • H01L29/66227Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials the devices being controllable only by the electric current supplied or the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched, e.g. three-terminal devices
    • H01L29/66409Unipolar field-effect transistors
    • H01L29/66446Unipolar field-effect transistors with an active layer made of a group 13/15 material, e.g. group 13/15 velocity modulation transistor [VMT], group 13/15 negative resistance FET [NERFET]
    • H01L29/66462Unipolar field-effect transistors with an active layer made of a group 13/15 material, e.g. group 13/15 velocity modulation transistor [VMT], group 13/15 negative resistance FET [NERFET] with a heterojunction interface channel or gate, e.g. HFET, HIGFET, SISFET, HJFET, HEMT
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L29/00Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof  ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/66Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/68Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
    • H01L29/76Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
    • H01L29/772Field effect transistors
    • H01L29/778Field effect transistors with two-dimensional charge carrier gas channel, e.g. HEMT ; with two-dimensional charge-carrier layer formed at a heterojunction interface
    • H01L29/7786Field effect transistors with two-dimensional charge carrier gas channel, e.g. HEMT ; with two-dimensional charge-carrier layer formed at a heterojunction interface with direct single heterostructure, i.e. with wide bandgap layer formed on top of active layer, e.g. direct single heterostructure MIS-like HEMT
    • H01L29/7787Field effect transistors with two-dimensional charge carrier gas channel, e.g. HEMT ; with two-dimensional charge-carrier layer formed at a heterojunction interface with direct single heterostructure, i.e. with wide bandgap layer formed on top of active layer, e.g. direct single heterostructure MIS-like HEMT with wide bandgap charge-carrier supplying layer, e.g. direct single heterostructure MODFET

Abstract

The invention is suitable for the technical field of semiconductors, and provides a manufacturing method of an ohmic contact electrode of a GaN HEMT device, the electrode and the HEMT device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: forming ohmic contact metal layers on the upper surface of the barrier layer of the GaN wafer and corresponding parts of the source electrode region and the drain electrode region respectively, wherein the ohmic contact metal layers sequentially comprise a Ti metal layer, an Al metal layer, a Ta metal layer, a Mo metal layer and an Au metal layer from bottom to top; the GaN wafer sequentially comprises a substrate, a GaN epitaxial layer and a barrier layer from bottom to top; and carrying out rapid thermal annealing treatment on the GaN wafer on which the ohmic contact metal layer is formed to form an ohmic contact electrode. The invention can make the metal surface of the ohmic contact metal layer smooth and the edge smooth and tidy after the high-temperature annealing process, thereby improving the stability and the reliability of the device.

Description

Manufacturing method of GaN HEMT device ohmic contact electrode, electrode and HEMT device
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of semiconductors, and particularly relates to a manufacturing method of an ohmic contact electrode of a GaN HEMT device, the electrode and the HEMT device.
Background
The wide-bandgap semiconductor GaN has the advantages of large bandgap width, high breakdown field strength, high electron saturation drift velocity and the like, and has great potential in the field of high-temperature and microwave power device manufacturing. Among them, GaN HEMTs (High electron mobility transistors) have significant advantages in microwave High power and High temperature applications, and have become one of the current research hotspots. A large number of experimental results and theoretical analysis show that the good ohmic contact electrode can not only improve the performance of the device, but also is beneficial to improving the service life and the reliability of the device. The traditional ohmic contact metal has the defects of rough metal surface appearance and irregular metal edge after annealing, so that the stability of the GaN HEMT device is poor and the reliability is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for manufacturing an ohmic contact electrode of a GaN HEMT device, an electrode and a HEMT device, so as to solve the problems of poor stability and low reliability of the GaN HEMT device in the prior art.
The first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a method for manufacturing an ohmic contact electrode of a GaN HEMT device, including:
forming ohmic contact metal layers on the upper surface of the barrier layer of the GaN wafer and corresponding parts of the source electrode region and the drain electrode region respectively, wherein the ohmic contact metal layers sequentially comprise a Ti metal layer, an Al metal layer, a Ta metal layer, a Mo metal layer and an Au metal layer from bottom to top; the GaN wafer sequentially comprises a substrate, a GaN epitaxial layer and a barrier layer from bottom to top;
and carrying out rapid thermal annealing treatment on the GaN wafer on which the ohmic contact metal layer is formed to form an ohmic contact electrode.
Optionally, the thickness of the Ti metal layer is 10 nm to 30 nm, the thickness of the Al metal layer is 100 nm to 300 nm, the thickness of the Ta metal layer is 10 nm to 50 nm, the thickness of the Mo metal layer is 10 nm to 60 nm, and the thickness of the Au metal layer is 15 nm to 100 nm.
Optionally, the forming an ohmic contact metal layer on the upper surface of the barrier layer of the GaN wafer and at the portions corresponding to the source electrode region and the drain electrode region respectively includes:
coating a photoresist layer on the upper surface of the barrier layer at a part corresponding to a first region, wherein the first region is a region of the GaN wafer except the source electrode region and the drain electrode region;
depositing an ohmic contact metal layer on the upper surface of the GaN wafer coated with the photoresist layer;
and removing the photoresist layer.
Optionally, the process conditions of the rapid thermal annealing process are as follows: the annealing temperature is 500 ℃ to 900 ℃, the annealing time is 10 seconds to 120 seconds, and the annealing atmosphere is nitrogen.
Optionally, the thickness of the GaN epitaxial layer is 1.5 to 2.5 micrometers; the barrier layer has a thickness of 10 to 30 nanometers.
Optionally, the substrate is a SiC substrate, a Si substrate, a sapphire substrate, or a diamond substrate.
The second aspect of the embodiment of the invention provides an ohmic contact electrode of a GaN HEMT device, wherein ohmic contact metal layers are respectively arranged on parts, corresponding to a source electrode region and a drain electrode region, of the upper surface of a barrier layer of a GaN wafer, and the ohmic contact metal layers sequentially comprise a Ti metal layer, an Al metal layer, a Ta metal layer, a Mo metal layer and an Au metal layer from bottom to top; the ohmic contact metal layer and the GaN wafer form ohmic contact; the GaN wafer sequentially comprises a substrate, a GaN epitaxial layer and a barrier layer from bottom to top.
The third aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a GaN HEMT device, including a GaN HEMT device body formed on a GaN wafer, the GaN HEMT device body being provided with an ohmic contact electrode of the GaN HEMT device according to the second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the embodiment of the invention, the composite layer of the Ti metal layer, the Al metal layer, the Ta metal layer, the Mo metal layer and the Au metal layer is used as the ohmic contact metal layer, and the Ta metal layer and the Mo metal layer are refractory metals, so that the ohmic contact metal can be smooth in surface and smooth and neat in edge after an annealing process, and the stability and reliability of a device can be improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart illustrating an implementation of a method for manufacturing an ohmic contact electrode of a GaN HEMT device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a method for manufacturing an ohmic contact electrode of a GaN HEMT device according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an ohmic contact electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth, such as particular system structures, techniques, etc. in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present invention with unnecessary detail.
In order to explain the technical means of the present invention, the following description will be given by way of specific examples.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1, a method for fabricating an ohmic contact electrode of a GaN HEMT device includes:
step S101, ohmic contact metal layers are respectively formed on the upper surface of a barrier layer of the GaN wafer and corresponding parts of a source electrode area and a drain electrode area, and the ohmic contact metal layers sequentially comprise a Ti metal layer, an Al metal layer, a Ta metal layer, a Mo metal layer and an Au metal layer from bottom to top; the GaN wafer sequentially comprises a substrate, a GaN epitaxial layer and a barrier layer from bottom to top.
In the embodiment of the present invention, referring to (1) in fig. 2, a GaN wafer includes, from bottom to top, a substrate 201, a GaN epitaxial layer 202, and a barrier layer 203. The thickness of the GaN epitaxial layer 202 is 1.5 to 2.5 micrometers, and the thickness of the barrier layer 203 is 10 to 30 nanometers. The substrate 201 is a substrate formed of a wide bandgap or ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor material, including but not limited to a SiC substrate, a Si substrate, a sapphire substrate, or a diamond substrate. A two-dimensional electron gas is formed between the GaN epitaxial layer 202 and the barrier layer 203, and the barrier layer 203 includes an AlN epitaxial layer and an AlGaN epitaxial layer on the upper surface of the AlN epitaxial layer, and the AlN epitaxial layer is generally thin. The material of the barrier layer 203 may be other materials capable of forming a two-dimensional electron gas with the GaN epitaxial layer 202, and is not limited herein. The GaN wafer is a wafer that is conventional in semiconductor processes, and may include an AlN buffer layer between the substrate 201 and the GaN epitaxial layer 202, in addition to the substrate 201, the GaN epitaxial layer 202, and the barrier layer 203.
It should be understood that other necessary structures for forming HEMT devices are also provided on the GaN wafer, including but not limited to gate electrodes, sub-gate dielectric layers, passivation protection layers. These structures are not taken as improvements of the embodiments of the present invention, and are not described herein again.
Referring to fig. 3, the ohmic contact metal layer sequentially includes a Ti metal layer 2041, an Al metal layer 2042, a Ta metal layer 2043, a Mo metal layer 2044, and an Au metal layer 2045 from bottom to top. The thickness of the Ti metal layer 2041 is 10 nm to 30 nm, the thickness of the Al metal layer 2042 is 100 nm to 300 nm, the thickness of the Ta metal layer 2043 is 10 nm to 50 nm, the thickness of the Mo metal layer 2044 is 10 nm to 60 nm, and the thickness of the Au metal layer 2045 is 15 nm to 100 nm. The Ti metal layer 2041 is a barrier layer and an adhesion layer, and reacts with the GaN wafer in a subsequent rapid annealing process to form an N vacancy, so that donor doping is formed on the GaN wafer, and the probability that electrons pass through the barrier layer to reach the AlGaN/GaN two-dimensional electron gas channel is increased, so that ohmic contact is formed.
The Al metal layer 2042 serves as a capping layer, and plays a catalytic role, enhancing the solid phase reaction of N atoms with barrier layer metal atoms. The Ta metal layer 2043 and the Mo metal layer 2044 are diffusion barrier layers for preventing the Au metal layer 2045 from undergoing diffusion reaction with the Al metal layer 2042 and the Ti metal layer 2041 at high temperature to deteriorate ohmic contact and alloy between metals. Au metal layer 2045 is a capping metal layer to reduce surface contact resistance and prevent oxidation of the underlying metal. The thickness of each layer of metal in the ohmic contact metal layer 204 is set according to actual requirements, for example, the ohmic contact metal layer 204 sequentially includes, from bottom to top, a Ti metal layer 2041 with a thickness of 10 nm, an Al metal layer 2042 with a thickness of 100 nm, a Ta metal layer 2043 with a thickness of 10 nm, a Mo metal layer 2044 with a thickness of 10 nm, and an Au metal layer 2045 with a thickness of 15 nm, or the ohmic contact metal layer 204 sequentially includes, from bottom to top, a Ti metal layer 2041 with a thickness of 30 nm, an Al metal layer 2042 with a thickness of 300 nm, a Ta metal layer 2043 with a thickness of 50 nm, a Mo metal layer 2044 with a thickness of 60 nm, and an Au metal layer 2045 with a thickness of 100 nm.
Optionally, the specific implementation manner of step S101 is: coating a photoresist layer on the upper surface of the barrier layer at a part corresponding to a first region, wherein the first region is a region of the GaN wafer except the source electrode region and the drain electrode region; depositing a Ti metal layer, an Al metal layer, a Ta metal layer, a Mo metal layer and an Au metal layer on the upper surface of the GaN wafer coated with the photoresist layer in sequence; and removing the photoresist layer.
In the embodiment of the present invention, referring to (2) to (4) in fig. 2, firstly, a photoresist layer with a thickness of 0.5 to 2 microns is coated on the upper surface of the barrier layer 203, and is subjected to exposure, development and film hardening processes to form a photoresist layer 205, where the photoresist layer 205 only covers a first region, i.e., a region of the GaN wafer except for a source electrode region and a drain electrode region, where the source electrode region is a region for preparing a source electrode and the drain electrode region is a region for preparing a drain electrode. Then, a Ti metal layer 2041, an Al metal layer 2042, a Ta metal layer 2043, a Mo metal layer 2044, and an Au metal layer 2045 are sequentially deposited on the surface of the GaN wafer by an electron beam evaporation process or a sputtering process as the ohmic contact metal layer 204. Finally, the GaN wafer is placed in an organic solvent to be soaked, and the photoresist layer 205 is removed, so that the ohmic contact metal layer 204 on the upper surface of the photoresist layer 205 is removed.
And S102, performing rapid thermal annealing treatment on the GaN wafer on which the ohmic contact metal layer is formed to form an ohmic contact electrode.
In the embodiment of the invention, the GaN wafer after the ohmic contact metal layer 204 is formed is subjected to rapid thermal annealing treatment, the annealing temperature is 500-900 ℃, the annealing time is 10-120 seconds, and the annealing atmosphere is nitrogen, so that an ohmic contact electrode is formed.
In the embodiment of the invention, the composite layer of the Ti metal layer 2041, the Al metal layer 2042, the Ta metal layer 2043, the Mo metal layer 2044 and the Au metal layer 2045 is used as the ohmic contact metal layer 204, and the Ta metal and the Mo metal are refractory metals, so that the ohmic contact metal layer 204 can have a flat metal surface and smooth and neat edges after a high-temperature annealing process, and the stability and reliability of the device can be improved.
It should be understood that, the sequence numbers of the steps in the foregoing embodiments do not imply an execution sequence, and the execution sequence of each process should be determined by its function and inherent logic, and should not constitute any limitation to the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.
Example two
Referring to (4) in fig. 2 and fig. 3, an ohmic contact electrode of a GaN HEMT device includes ohmic contact metal layers 204 respectively disposed on portions of an upper surface of a barrier layer 203 of a GaN wafer corresponding to a source electrode region and a drain electrode region, and the ohmic contact metal layers sequentially include a Ti metal layer 2041, an Al metal layer 2042, a Ta metal layer 2043, a Mo metal layer 2044, and an Au metal layer 2045 from bottom to top; the ohmic contact metal layer forms ohmic contact with the barrier layer 203; the GaN wafer sequentially comprises a substrate 201, a GaN epitaxial layer 202 and a barrier layer 203 from bottom to top.
The ohmic contact electrode of the GaN HEMT device provided by the embodiment of the invention is manufactured by the method provided by the first embodiment of the invention and has the beneficial effects of the first embodiment of the invention.
EXAMPLE III
A GaN HEMT device comprises a GaN HEMT device body formed on a GaN wafer, wherein the GaN HEMT device body is provided with the ohmic contact electrode of the GaN HEMT device according to the second embodiment of the invention, and the GaN HEMT device has the beneficial effects of the second embodiment of the invention.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not substantially depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present invention, and are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A manufacturing method of an ohmic contact electrode of a GaN HEMT device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
forming ohmic contact metal layers on the upper surface of the barrier layer of the GaN wafer and corresponding parts of the source electrode region and the drain electrode region respectively, wherein the ohmic contact metal layers sequentially comprise a Ti metal layer, an Al metal layer, a Ta metal layer, a Mo metal layer and an Au metal layer from bottom to top; the GaN wafer sequentially comprises a substrate, a GaN epitaxial layer and a barrier layer from bottom to top; the thickness of the Ti metal layer is 10-30 nanometers, the thickness of the Al metal layer is 100-300 nanometers, the thickness of the Ta metal layer is 10-50 nanometers, the thickness of the Mo metal layer is 10-60 nanometers, and the thickness of the Au metal layer is 15-100 nanometers; the Ti metal layer is an adhesion layer, and the Ta metal layer and the Mo metal layer are diffusion barrier layers;
and carrying out rapid thermal annealing treatment on the GaN wafer on which the ohmic contact metal layer is formed to form an ohmic contact electrode.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the forming ohmic contact metal layers on the upper surface of the barrier layer of the GaN wafer at portions corresponding to the source electrode region and the drain electrode region respectively comprises:
coating a photoresist layer on the upper surface of the barrier layer at a part corresponding to a first region, wherein the first region is a region of the GaN wafer except the source electrode region and the drain electrode region;
depositing an ohmic contact metal layer on the upper surface of the GaN wafer coated with the photoresist layer;
and removing the photoresist layer.
3. The method for manufacturing the ohmic contact electrode of the GaN HEMT device of claim 1, wherein the process conditions of the rapid thermal annealing process are as follows: the annealing temperature is 500 ℃ to 900 ℃, the annealing time is 10 seconds to 120 seconds, and the annealing atmosphere is nitrogen.
4. The method of fabricating an ohmic contact electrode of a GaN HEMT device according to claim 1, wherein the GaN epitaxial layer has a thickness of 1.5 to 2.5 microns; the barrier layer has a thickness of 10 to 30 nanometers.
5. The method of fabricating an ohmic contact electrode for a GaN HEMT device according to claim 1, wherein said substrate is a SiC substrate, a Si substrate, a sapphire substrate or a diamond substrate.
6. An ohmic contact electrode of a GaN HEMT device is characterized in that ohmic contact metal layers are respectively arranged on the parts, corresponding to a source electrode region and a drain electrode region, of the upper surface of a barrier layer of a GaN wafer, and the ohmic contact metal layers sequentially comprise a Ti metal layer, an Al metal layer, a Ta metal layer, a Mo metal layer and an Au metal layer from bottom to top; the thickness of the Ti metal layer is 10-30 nanometers, the thickness of the Al metal layer is 100-300 nanometers, the thickness of the Ta metal layer is 10-50 nanometers, the thickness of the Mo metal layer is 10-60 nanometers, and the thickness of the Au metal layer is 15-100 nanometers; the Ti metal layer is an adhesion layer, and the Ta metal layer and the Mo metal layer are diffusion barrier layers; the ohmic contact metal layer and the GaN wafer form ohmic contact; the GaN wafer sequentially comprises a substrate, a GaN epitaxial layer and a barrier layer from bottom to top; the thickness of the GaN epitaxial layer is 1.5-2.5 microns; the barrier layer has a thickness of 10 to 30 nanometers.
7. A GaN HEMT device comprising a GaN HEMT device body formed on a GaN wafer, wherein said GaN HEMT device body is provided with the GaN HEMT device ohmic contact electrode of claim 6.
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