CN108198239B - Three-dimensional visualization method for realizing dynamic simulation of blood vessel - Google Patents
Three-dimensional visualization method for realizing dynamic simulation of blood vessel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a three-dimensional visualization method for realizing dynamic simulation of blood vessels. Wherein, the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a medical image, and extracting to obtain image sequence information; acquiring image sequence information, and extracting pixel information of a blood vessel contour by a three-dimensional space region growing method; unifying the pixel information of the blood vessel outline to establish a blood vessel surface model; according to the embodiment of the invention, the dynamic simulation of the blood vessel can be carried out simply, conveniently and quickly in a three-dimensional manner, so that the reduction precision is greatly improved, the real-time change condition of the blood vessel surface under the action of force is really reduced, and the user experience is enhanced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent judgment and computer vision, in particular to a three-dimensional visualization method for realizing dynamic simulation of blood vessels.
Background
With the rapid development of computer science, the application field of computers also starts to gradually penetrate into medical treatment. Such as virtual surgery, virtual organs, virtual human body and other medical three-dimensional reconstruction, are greatly promoted and developed in recent years. Around the processing problem of medical image data, the three-dimensional reconstruction of medical images and the visualization technology thereof are the hot spots of research of scholars at home and abroad.
The three-dimensional reconstruction and visualization technology is to reconstruct a series of two-dimensional images into a three-dimensional image model with visual and three-dimensional effects and provide a three-dimensional image with sense of reality. The system can enable doctors and patients to observe focus images from any angle to perform qualitative and quantitative analysis, obtains anatomical structure information which cannot be obtained by the traditional means, helps the doctors to analyze the lesion and surrounding tissues, and improves the accuracy and the scientificity of medical diagnosis.
It is worth noting that the surrounding medical simulation is often deployed with the human body or human tissue organs, which are mostly soft tissues except for bones. Therefore, physical and physiological simulation aiming at human soft tissues is always the basic problem of medical simulation, including neurosurgery, orthopedic surgery, bone surgery, cardiac surgery, minimally invasive surgery, abdominal surgery and the like. Soft tissue mechanics and deformation models have been identified as a key to the development of second and third generation technologies for medical three-dimensional simulation. In soft tissue simulation, accurate blood vessel modeling is always a critical task of a medical simulation system, especially for mechanical property simulation of a blood vessel wall.
The blood vessels are from thick to thin, and the size of the blood vessels is more than 1000 hundred million in the human body. The term "the person has the same life with the artery" means that the life of the blood vessel determines whether the person lives for a long time. Health is closely related to the daily life of people and is a concern for everyone. Due to the influence of various factors such as modern living environment change, diet habit change and the like, the blood vessels of many people are aged in advance. Once the blood vessel is blocked or even broken, it is extremely life-threatening. According to the american heart disease association, cardiovascular disease alone causes more than 1730 million deaths worldwide each year, and by 2030 the number will rise to 2360 million people. Every year, thousands of people carry out physical examination to generate massive medical data, the data reflect health indexes and states of the people, and medical care personnel analyze, judge, diagnose and prevent diseases according to the data. Therefore, the research of three-dimensional visualization and simulation of the blood vessel can greatly promote the diagnosis and treatment of the blood vessel diseases, and relieve the current severe blood vessel disease situation to a certain extent.
A currently common technique is computed tomography angiography, a medical imaging technique commonly used to visualize blood vessels in a patient's body. Computed tomography imaging images a series of X-ray images acquired from different angles are combined and processed using a computer to produce cross-sectional images, or slices, of bones, blood vessels, and soft tissue in vivo. The cross sectional images, or slices, can be combined to generate a three-dimensional CT volume. A contrast agent is injected into the patient's bloodstream prior to CT imaging to generate a contrast-enhanced CT image that visualizes the patient's blood vessels. The disadvantage is that there is a problem in the implementation that the bone segmentation itself does not guarantee connectivity in the blood vessels, and once bone removal is performed, there may sometimes be gaps or erosion in the blood vessels. And the extraction result is only limited to the image information of the blood vessel, and the intuitiveness of the three-dimensional graph is lacked. Taking the entire image sequence as input causes the entire process to require processing of a large amount of data, which not only requires a good hardware basis but also makes the processing process complicated and time consuming. Meanwhile, the physical mechanics simulation of the blood vessel cannot be carried out on the basis, so that the application range of the method is limited to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a three-dimensional visualization method for realizing dynamic simulation of a blood vessel, which can better restore the surface structure of the blood vessel and realize the change of the surface of the blood vessel along with the time lapse when the surface of the blood vessel is stressed. .
In order to solve the above problem, the present invention provides a three-dimensional visualization method for implementing dynamic simulation of blood vessels, wherein the method comprises:
acquiring a medical image, and extracting to obtain image sequence information;
acquiring image sequence information, and extracting pixel information of a blood vessel contour by a three-dimensional space region growing method;
unifying the pixel information of the blood vessel outline to establish a blood vessel surface model;
and performing dynamic simulation on the blood vessel according to the physical characteristics of the contour points of the blood vessel and the reduction of the blood vessel structure.
Preferably, the method for growing the three-dimensional space region comprises the following steps:
segmenting image sequence information into a target area, and manually setting a seed pixel point which is (x)0，y0) (ii) a With (x)0，y0) As a center, consider (x)0，y0) If (x, y) satisfies the sound barrier criterion, pushing the point (x, y) into the stack; one pixel is taken out of the stack and treated as (x)0，y0) Repeating the operation until the stack is empty, and then re-taking a seed pixel point to repeat the operation steps; and finally, attributing to each point in the image sequence.
Preferably, the normalizing the pixel information of the blood vessel contour, and the establishing the blood vessel surface model includes:
accumulating chord length curves according to the pixel information of the blood vessel contour to construct and process to obtain a control vertex of the blood vessel contour;
carrying out angle sampling processing according to the control vertex of the blood vessel contour to obtain a new unified blood vessel fault contour point;
building and processing the accumulated chord length curve again according to the new blood vessel contour points to obtain new blood vessel fault contour control points;
obtaining new blood vessel fault contour control points to carry out blood vessel modeling to obtain a blood vessel surface model, wherein the expression formula of the blood vessel surface model is as follows:
wherein C (u) is a monolayer blood vessel contour, diAs vessel contour control points, wiAs a vessel data point weight, Ni，k(u) is a k-order normalized B-spline basis function, and n is n new blood vessel contour points q extracted from each layer of blood vessel contouri(i＝0，1，...，n)。
Preferably, the step of dynamically simulating the blood vessel according to the physical characteristics of the contour points of the blood vessel and the restoration of the blood vessel structure is to simulate the restored blood vessel structure and the physical characteristics by using a DNURBS algorithm. At any fixation time, the vessel profile is constant as the NURBS curve, and therefore has all the characteristics of the NURBS curve. However, due to the introduction of the time parameter, the blood vessel contour curve has dynamic physical characteristics, and the calculation formula is as follows:
(2M+ΔtD+2Δt2K)p(t+Δt)＝2Δt2(fp+gp)+4Mp(t)-(2M-ΔtD)p(t-Δt)
wherein M is a blood vessel mass matrix, D is a blood vessel material damping matrix, K is a blood vessel material rigidity matrix, fpExternal force applied to blood vessel, gpP is the position of the contour point of the blood vessel, and t + Δ tt- Δ t is the next moment, the current moment and the previous moment respectively.
The state of the contour point on the blood vessel at the next moment is deduced according to the states of the contour points on the blood vessel at the current moment and the previous moment, so that a real-time dynamic simulation process is obtained.
In the embodiment of the invention, the human body blood vessel dynamic can be simply, conveniently and quickly displayed in a three-dimensional mode, so that the reduction precision is greatly improved, the real-time change condition of the blood vessel surface under the action of force is really reduced, and the user experience is enhanced.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a three-dimensional visualization method for implementing dynamic simulation of a blood vessel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a three-dimensional visualization method for implementing dynamic simulation of a blood vessel according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the method includes:
s1, acquiring medical images, extracting and processing to obtain image sequence information;
s2, acquiring image sequence information, and extracting pixel information of the blood vessel contour by a three-dimensional space region growing method;
s3, unifying the pixel information of the blood vessel outline to establish a blood vessel surface model;
and S4, dynamically simulating the blood vessel according to the physical characteristics of the contour points of the blood vessel and the reduction of the blood vessel structure.
Specifically, the three-dimensional spatial region growing method described in S2 includes:
segmenting image sequence information into a target area, and manually setting a seed pixel point which is (x)0,y0) (ii) a With (x)0,y0) As a center, consider (x)0,y0) If (x, y) satisfies the sound barrier criterion, pushing the point (x, y) into the stack; one pixel is taken out of the stack and treated as (x)0,y0) Repeating the operation until the stack is empty, and then re-taking a seed pixel point to repeat the operation steps; and finally, attributing to each point in the image sequence.
S3 further includes:
s31, accumulating chord length curves to construct and process according to the pixel information of the blood vessel contour to obtain a control vertex of the blood vessel contour;
s32, carrying out angle sampling processing according to the control vertex of the blood vessel contour to obtain a new unified blood vessel fault contour point;
s33, building the accumulated chord length curve according to the new blood vessel contour points to obtain new blood vessel fault contour control points;
s34, obtaining new blood vessel fault contour control points to carry out blood vessel modeling, and obtaining a blood vessel surface model, wherein the expression formula of the blood vessel surface model is as follows:
wherein C (u) is a monolayer blood vessel contour, diAs vessel contour control points, wiAs a vessel data point weight, Ni,k(u) is a k-order normalized B-spline basis function, and n is n new blood vessel contour points q extracted from each layer of blood vessel contouri(i＝0,1,...,n)。
When the complete blood vessel surface is constructed by utilizing the blood vessel contour of each layer, the control vertex matrix array can be constructed by the same number of points of the blood vessel data points of each layer. However, when the blood vessel surface model is constructed by only using the pixel information of the contour, the display is not clear and accurate enough, and particularly when the problem of local blood vessel expansion is encountered, the blood vessel contour data obtained by the part is obviously more than that obtained by other parts. Aiming at the problem, the acquired blood vessel fault contour points are subjected to post-processing by an equal-angle sampling method, so that the number of the blood vessel contour points on each layer is unified.
Further, S4 performs a simulation of the reduced vascular structure and physical characteristics using the DNURBS algorithm. At any fixation time, the vessel profile is constant as the NURBS curve, and therefore has all the characteristics of the NURBS curve. However, due to the introduction of the time parameter, the blood vessel contour curve has dynamic physical characteristics, and the calculation formula is as follows:
(2M+ΔtD+2Δt2K)p(t+Δt)＝2Δt2(fp+gp)+4Mp(t)-(2M-ΔtD)p(t-Δt)
wherein M is a blood vessel mass matrix, D is a blood vessel material damping matrix, K is a blood vessel material rigidity matrix, fpExternal force applied to blood vessel, gpP is the position of the contour point of the blood vessel, and t + Δ t, t- Δ t are the next moment, the current moment and the previous moment respectively.
The state of the contour point on the blood vessel at the next moment is deduced according to the states of the contour points on the blood vessel at the current moment and the previous moment, so that a real-time dynamic simulation process is obtained.
In the embodiment of the invention, the human body blood vessel dynamic can be simply, conveniently and quickly displayed in a three-dimensional mode, so that the reduction precision is greatly improved, the real-time change condition of the blood vessel surface under the action of force is really reduced, and the user experience is enhanced.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the steps in the methods of the above embodiments may be implemented by associated hardware instructed by a program, which may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the storage medium may include: a Read Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic or optical disk, or the like.
In addition, the three-dimensional visualization method for realizing dynamic simulation of blood vessels provided by the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail above, and the principle and the implementation manner of the present invention are explained by applying specific examples herein, and the description of the above embodiments is only used to help understanding the method of the present invention and the core idea thereof; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A three-dimensional visualization method for realizing dynamic simulation of blood vessels, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring a medical image, and extracting to obtain image sequence information;
acquiring image sequence information, and extracting pixel information of a blood vessel contour by a three-dimensional space region growing method;
unifying the pixel information of the blood vessel outline to establish a blood vessel surface model;
performing dynamic simulation on the blood vessel according to the physical characteristics of the contour points of the blood vessel and the reduction of the blood vessel structure;
wherein, the step of unifying the pixel information of the blood vessel outline and establishing the blood vessel surface model comprises the following steps:
accumulating chord length curves according to the pixel information of the blood vessel contour to construct and process to obtain a control vertex of the blood vessel contour;
carrying out angle sampling processing according to the control vertex of the blood vessel contour to obtain a new unified blood vessel fault contour point;
building and processing the accumulated chord length curve again according to the new blood vessel contour points to obtain new blood vessel fault contour control points;
obtaining new blood vessel fault contour control points to carry out blood vessel modeling to obtain a blood vessel surface model, wherein the expression formula of the blood vessel surface model is as follows:
wherein C (u) is a monolayer blood vessel contour, diAs vessel contour control points, wiAs a vessel data point weight, Ni,k(u) is a k-order normalized B-spline basis function, and n is n extracted from each layer of blood vessel contourNew vessel contour points qiAnd i is an integer from 0 to n.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method of growing the three-dimensional spatial region comprises:
segmenting image sequence information into a target area, and manually setting a seed pixel point which is (x)0,y0) (ii) a With (x)0,y0) As a center, consider (x)0,y0) If (x, y) satisfies the sound barrier criterion, pushing the point (x, y) into the stack; one pixel is taken out of the stack and treated as (x)0,y0) Repeating the operation until the stack is empty, and then re-taking a seed pixel point to repeat the operation steps; and finally, attributing to each point in the image sequence.
3. The three-dimensional visualization method for implementing dynamic simulation of blood vessel according to claim 1, wherein the step of performing dynamic simulation of blood vessel according to the physical characteristics of the contour points of blood vessel and the restoration of the blood vessel structure is to perform simulation of restoring the blood vessel structure and the physical characteristics by using a DNURBS algorithm, and at any fixed time, the contour of blood vessel is constantly NURBS curve, thus having all the characteristics of NURBS curve, but due to the introduction of time parameters, the contour of blood vessel has dynamic physical characteristics, and the calculation formula is as follows:
(2M+△tD+2△t2K)p(t+△t)＝2△t2(fp+gp)+4Mp(t)-(2M-△tD)p(t-△t)
wherein M is a blood vessel mass matrix, D is a blood vessel material damping matrix, K is a blood vessel material rigidity matrix, fpExternal force applied to blood vessel, gpThe gravity of the blood vessel is shown, p is the position of a contour point of the blood vessel, and t plus delta t, t and t-delta t are respectively the next moment, the current moment and the previous moment;
and deducing the state of the contour point on the blood vessel at the next moment according to the states of the contour points on the blood vessel at the current moment and the previous moment, thereby obtaining a real-time dynamic simulation process.
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| CN102737376A (en) * | 2012-03-31 | 2012-10-17 | 常熟市支塘镇新盛技术咨询服务有限公司 | Improved region growing method applied to coronary artery angiography image segmentation |
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| CN102737376A (en) * | 2012-03-31 | 2012-10-17 | 常熟市支塘镇新盛技术咨询服务有限公司 | Improved region growing method applied to coronary artery angiography image segmentation |
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