CN108195769B - Method and device for evaluating cavitation intensity by metal wire fracture - Google Patents
Method and device for evaluating cavitation intensity by metal wire fracture Download PDFInfo
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- CN108195769B CN108195769B CN201711465796.8A CN201711465796A CN108195769B CN 108195769 B CN108195769 B CN 108195769B CN 201711465796 A CN201711465796 A CN 201711465796A CN 108195769 B CN108195769 B CN 108195769B
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
Abstract
The invention provides a method and a device for evaluating cavitation strength by breaking a metal wire, wherein the method comprises the following steps: 1) preparing degassed water; 2) tensioning and fixing a metal wire on a tool, exposing the end part of an optical fiber, adhering the end part of the optical fiber to the surface of the metal wire in parallel, horizontally putting the tool water into an ultrasonic transducer, closing a pressurizing cabin, and filling water; 3) starting a power supply and a power source, connecting a high-speed camera system, and setting the high-speed camera system to be synchronous with the output of the power source; 4) pressurizing, namely scanning through a sound field to determine the position of a focus, moving a metal wire to enable the focus to be positioned on the central axis of the focus, and adjusting the focal length of the high-speed camera lens to be in an optimal shooting state; 5) and setting driving power, shooting the fracture process of the metal wire through high-speed shooting, and recording the fracture time. The method adopts the fracture time of the metal wire to represent the cavitation intensity, has the advantages of intuition and accuracy, and can effectively evaluate the cavitation of different intensity levels.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ultrasonic cavitation intensity evaluation methods, in particular to a method and a device for evaluating cavitation intensity by breaking a metal wire.
Background
Cavitation is a comprehensive phenomenon of a plurality of physical and chemical processes, because the precursor consequences of cavitation have too much uncertainty, at present, people do not have a unified physical quantity to characterize the intensity of the cavitation, driving sound pressure is the most convenient description method of the cavitation intensity, but the sound field of acoustic cavitation has space-time instability, and when the sound pressure amplitude exceeds the fracture intensity of a hydrophone, the cavitation intensity described by the method has great limitation.
Kolyer et al, in J.M.M., characterized the intensity of acoustic cavitation by measuring the mass loss of aluminum foil cavitation by the aluminum foil cavitation method [ see "Precision Cleaning", volume 8, pp.3-21, (1998) ], but studies have shown [ see "Ultrasonics society", volume 12, pp.1-2, 59-65, (2005) ], that the quality of aluminum foil cavitation is closely related to its surface properties, which results in large quantitative description errors.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a method and an apparatus for evaluating cavitation strength by wire breakage, which are used for solving the problems of inaccurate evaluation, large error and the like of cavitation strength in the prior art.
To achieve the above and other related objects, a first aspect of the present invention provides a method for evaluating cavitation intensity in wire breakage, comprising the steps of:
1) preparing degassed water, injecting water into the pressurizing cabin and removing bubbles on the inner surface of the ultrasonic transducer;
2) tightening and fixing the metal wire on a tool, adhering the optical fiber to the surface of the metal wire in parallel, exposing the end part of the optical fiber, putting the tool into an ultrasonic transducer, closing a pressurizing cabin, and filling water;
3) starting a power supply and a power source, connecting a high-speed camera system, and setting the high-speed camera system to be synchronous with the output of the power source;
4) the hydrostatic pressure is improved through a pressurizing device, the sound field and frequency scanning is carried out under lower driving power to determine the position of a focus and the optimal working frequency of an ultrasonic transducer, the metal wire is moved according to the relative position of the metal wire and the optical fiber to enable the focus to be positioned on the central axis of the metal wire, and the focal length of the high-speed camera lens is adjusted to be in the optimal shooting state;
5) and setting driving power, shooting the fracture process of the metal wire by high-speed shooting in a continuous wave output mode, and recording fracture time so as to evaluate the severity of cavitation.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step 2), the metal wire is selected from at least one of tungsten wire, gold wire, silver wire, copper wire, nickel wire, molybdenum wire, titanium wire, tin wire, aluminum wire, and stainless steel wire.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step 2), the wire has a diameter of ≦ 5 mm.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step 2), the diameter of the wire is ≦ 0.5 mm.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step 2), the wire has a diameter of 0.01-0.2mm, inclusive.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in step 2), the surface quality of the end of the optical fiber and the measurement system are calibrated, and then the optical fiber is adhered to the surface of the metal wire in parallel.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step 2), the surface of the wire is subjected to an electropolishing process.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in step 5), the metal wire is moved away from the vicinity of the focal point, the driving power is set, the metal wire is further moved, so that the focal point is located on the central axis of the metal wire, and the focal length of the lens for high-speed image pickup is adjusted to the optimal shooting state.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the frame rate of the high-speed image capturing in step 5) is in the range of 1000 to 500000 fps.
In some embodiments of the invention, step 5) is repeated to determine the break time of the wire at different ambient pressures and different drive powers, and the mean and standard deviation of the break time is calculated.
The invention provides a device for evaluating cavitation strength of metal wire fracture, which comprises an ultrasonic transducer and a tool positioned in the ultrasonic transducer, wherein a tensioned metal wire is fixed on the tool, an optical fiber is adhered to the surface of the metal wire, and a window of a pressurizing cabin is provided with a high-speed camera system for shooting the fracture process of the metal wire.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the apparatus further comprises a pressurizing device for increasing the static pressure of the medium water in the pressurizing chamber, and the ultrasonic transducer is located in the pressurizing chamber.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the apparatus further comprises a driving device, which is composed of a power source and a power source, and is used for driving the transducer to generate the ultrasonic wave.
In some embodiments of the invention, the medium water in the pressurizing chamber is degassed by a degassing device, and the degassing device is used for reducing the oxygen content in the water.
In some embodiments of the invention, the tool further comprises a motion device for controlling the movement of the tool.
In some embodiments of the invention, the optical fiber is connected to a fiber optic hydrophone.
In some embodiments of the invention, the end of the optical fiber extends 3 ± 1mm beyond the fiber-to-wire bond site.
As described above, the method and apparatus for evaluating cavitation strength by wire breakage according to the present invention have the following beneficial effects: the invention provides an accurate and effective cavitation intensity description method, which effectively solves the problem of poor repeatability of the cavitation intensity description and effectively avoids the instability of the cavitation intensity distribution described by the sound intensity distribution.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for evaluating cavitation strength by wire breakage according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the dashed oval portion of the apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the time to break of a tungsten filament at different hydrostatic pressures and drive powers in an embodiment of the invention.
Description of reference numerals
1-wire
2-tooling
3-cavitation zone
4-optical fiber
5-observation Window
6-movement device
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
It should be understood that the processing equipment or devices not specifically mentioned in the following examples are conventional in the art; all pressure values and ranges refer to absolute pressures.
Furthermore, it is to be understood that one or more method steps mentioned in the present invention does not exclude that other method steps may also be present before or after the combined steps or that other method steps may also be inserted between these explicitly mentioned steps, unless otherwise indicated; it is also to be understood that a combined connection between one or more devices/apparatus as referred to in the present application does not exclude that further devices/apparatus may be present before or after the combined device/apparatus or that further devices/apparatus may be interposed between two devices/apparatus explicitly referred to, unless otherwise indicated. Moreover, unless otherwise indicated, the numbering of the various method steps is merely a convenient tool for identifying the various method steps, and is not intended to limit the order in which the method steps are arranged or the scope of the invention in which the invention may be practiced, and changes or modifications in the relative relationship may be made without substantially changing the technical content.
The metal wire selected in the following examples is a tungsten wire having a diameter of 0.2mm, but other metal wires are also applicable to the present invention, for example, a gold wire, a silver wire, a copper wire, a nickel wire, a molybdenum wire, a titanium wire, a tin wire, an aluminum wire, a stainless steel wire, and the like.
The diameter of the metal wire is less than or equal to 5mm, specifically 5mm, 3mm, 1mm, 0.5mm, 0.2mm, 0.1mm, 0.05mm, 0.01mm and the like, so that the metal wire can be smoothly broken in the experimental process.
Example 1
The specific operation steps of this embodiment are as follows:
1) preparing degassed water, injecting water into the pressurizing cabin and removing bubbles on the inner surface of the transducer;
2) calibrating the surface quality of the end part of the optical fiber and a measuring system, and performing electrolytic polishing on the surface of the tungsten filament for later use; tightening and fixing a tungsten wire on a tool, adhering the electropolished optical fiber to the surface of the tungsten wire in parallel, exposing the end part of the tungsten wire by 3mm, horizontally placing the industrial water into an ultrasonic transducer, closing a pressurizing chamber, and filling water; the optical fiber is used for positioning the focus, and the focus is difficult to be positioned on the transparent medium water without the optical fiber due to the thin metal wire;
3) starting a power supply and a power source, connecting a high-speed camera system (the shooting frame frequency is 3000fps, and the image resolution is 1024 x 1024 pixels) (the high-speed camera system comprises a camera, an illuminating lamp, control software and the like), and setting the high-speed camera system to be synchronous with the output of the power source; reference is made herein to homemade power sources in "Applied Physics Letters", volume 22, phase 102, pages 204102-204102-5, (2013) ].
4) The position of the focal point and the optimum operating frequency of the transducer are determined by acoustic field and frequency sweep by adding ambient pressure to 10MPa, where reference is made to the determination of the optimum operating frequency [ see "AIP Advances", volume 12, pages 673-681, No. 5, (2015) ].
5) Firstly, moving the tungsten filament away from the vicinity of a focus, setting the driving power to be 2000W, moving the tungsten filament back to the original position, adjusting the position of the tungsten filament according to the relative distance between the tungsten filament and the focus, namely moving the tungsten filament by 0.2mm in the positive direction of an X axis, ensuring that the focus is on the central axis of the tungsten filament, and adjusting the focal length of the high-speed camera lens to the optimal shooting state;
6) and shooting the breakage process of the tungsten filament by high-speed shooting in a continuous wave output mode, and recording the breakage time of the tungsten filament. The above experiments were each repeated under different environmental pressures and electric powers, respectively, and the mean and standard deviation of the breaking time were calculated.
The experimental results are shown in table 1 and fig. 3, and the results show that the rupture time of the tungsten filament is inversely proportional to both the hydrostatic pressure and the driving power, i.e., the higher the hydrostatic pressure and the driving power, the more intense the cavitation is, and the shorter the rupture time of the tungsten filament is.
The apparatus used in this example is shown in fig. 1, and an enlarged view (fig. 2) of the dotted oval portion is marked with the relative distance d between the focal point and the tungsten wire. The device comprises an ultrasonic transducer and a tool 2 located on the ultrasonic transducer, wherein the center of the ultrasonic transducer is a cavitation area 3, a tensioned metal wire 1 is fixed on the tool 2, the metal wire 1 is located in the cavitation area 3, an optical fiber 4 is adhered to the surface of the metal wire 1, and a window of a compression chamber is provided with a high-speed camera system for shooting the fracture process of the metal wire 1.
The device also comprises a pressurizing device used for pressurizing the medium water in the pressurizing cabin, and the ultrasonic transducer is positioned in the pressurizing cabin. The pressurized bulkhead is provided with two observation windows 5 through which a high-speed camera system photographs the breaking process of the wire 1.
The ultrasonic transducer is connected with a degassing device and is used for reducing the oxygen content in the medium water.
The ultrasonic transducer is connected with a driving device, consists of a power supply and a power source and is used for driving the transducer to generate ultrasonic waves.
The device also comprises a moving device 6 for controlling the movement of the tool 2, the optical fiber 4 and the optical fiber hydrophone form a sound pressure measuring system, and sound field scanning is carried out by means of the moving device so as to determine the position of the focus.
The ends of the optical fibers 4 extend 3 + -1 mm from the point where the wire and fiber are bonded to minimize acoustic interference from the tungsten wire and the adhesive.
In summary, the breakage of the tungsten filament is a comprehensive effect result of different effects generated by acoustic cavitation, and reflects the energy density generated by the acoustic cavitation to a certain extent, so that the breakage time of the tungsten filament can be used for representing the cavitation intensity, namely, the shorter the breakage time is, the stronger the cavitation is, the longer the breakage time is, and the weaker the cavitation is.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The method for evaluating cavitation intensity through metal wire breakage is characterized in that a device for evaluating cavitation intensity through metal wire breakage comprises an ultrasonic transducer, a pressurizing cabin and a tool located in the ultrasonic transducer, wherein a tensioned metal wire is fixed on the tool, an optical fiber is bonded on the surface of the metal wire, and a high-speed camera system for shooting the metal wire breakage process is arranged at a window of the pressurizing cabin; the device also comprises a pressurizing device used for increasing the static pressure of medium water in a pressurizing cabin, and the ultrasonic transducer is positioned in the pressurizing cabin; degassing the medium water in the pressurizing cabin by using a degassing device, wherein the degassing device is used for reducing the oxygen content in the water and ensuring that the oxygen content of the medium water is the same in each experiment, and the optical fiber is connected with the optical fiber hydrophone; the device also comprises a motion device for controlling the tool to move and a driving device for driving the transducer to generate ultrasonic waves;
the method comprises the following steps:
1) preparing degassed water, injecting water into the pressurizing cabin and removing bubbles on the inner surface of the ultrasonic transducer;
2) firstly, calibrating the surface quality of the end part of the optical fiber and a measuring system, tensioning and fixing a metal wire on a tool, then adhering the optical fiber to the surface of the metal wire in parallel, exposing the end part, putting the tool into an ultrasonic transducer, closing a pressurizing cabin and filling water; the metal wire is selected from at least one of tungsten wire, gold wire, silver wire, copper wire, nickel wire, molybdenum wire, titanium wire, tin wire, aluminum wire and stainless steel wire, and the diameter of the metal wire is less than or equal to 5 mm;
3) starting a power supply and a power source, connecting a high-speed camera system, and setting the high-speed camera system to be synchronous with the output of the power source;
4) the hydrostatic pressure is improved through a pressurizing device, the sound field and frequency scanning is carried out under lower driving power to determine the position of a focus and the optimal working frequency of an ultrasonic transducer, the metal wire is moved according to the relative position of the metal wire and the optical fiber to enable the focus to be positioned on the central axis of the metal wire, and the focal length of the high-speed camera lens is adjusted to be in the optimal shooting state;
5) firstly, moving the metal wire away from the vicinity of a focus, setting driving power, moving the metal wire back to the original position, further moving the metal wire to enable the focus to be positioned on the central shaft of the metal wire, and adjusting the focal length of a lens for high-speed shooting to be in the best shooting state; shooting the fracture process of the metal wire by high-speed shooting in a continuous wave output mode, and recording the fracture time; repeatedly measuring the breaking time of the metal wire under different environmental pressures and different driving powers, and calculating the average value and the standard deviation of the breaking time;
the severity of cavitation was evaluated by the break time of the wire, the shorter the break time of the wire, the stronger the cavitation, and the longer the break time of the wire, the weaker the cavitation.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step 2), the diameter of the metal wire is less than or equal to 0.5 mm.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein: the diameter of the wire is 0.01-0.2mm, border values included.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step 5), the frame rate range of high-speed image pickup is 1000-500000 fps.
5. An apparatus for evaluating cavitation intensity for wire breakage, characterized by: the device comprises an ultrasonic transducer, a compression chamber and a tool positioned in the ultrasonic transducer, wherein a tensioned metal wire is fixed on the tool, an optical fiber is adhered to the surface of the metal wire, and a high-speed camera system for shooting the fracture process of the metal wire is arranged at a window of the compression chamber; the device also comprises a pressurizing device used for increasing the static pressure of medium water in a pressurizing cabin, and the ultrasonic transducer is positioned in the pressurizing cabin; degassing the medium water in the pressurizing cabin by using a degassing device, wherein the degassing device is used for reducing the oxygen content in the water and ensuring that the oxygen content of the medium water is the same in each experiment, and the optical fiber is connected with the optical fiber hydrophone; the device also comprises a motion device for controlling the tool to move and a driving device for driving the transducer to generate ultrasonic waves; the device employs the method of any one of claims 1-4 to evaluate cavitation intensity.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein: the end part of the optical fiber extends out of the bonding position of the optical fiber and the metal wire by 3 +/-1 mm.
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| CN105510210B (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2018-08-21 | 江苏大学 | A kind of test-type metallic solution cavitation damage device |
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