CN108195527A - Used in nuclear power station high density polyethylene pipe tightness is tested and evaluation method - Google Patents
Used in nuclear power station high density polyethylene pipe tightness is tested and evaluation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108195527A CN108195527A CN201810000607.8A CN201810000607A CN108195527A CN 108195527 A CN108195527 A CN 108195527A CN 201810000607 A CN201810000607 A CN 201810000607A CN 108195527 A CN108195527 A CN 108195527A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/26—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors
- G01M3/28—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves ; for welds
- G01M3/2807—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves ; for welds for pipes
- G01M3/2815—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves ; for welds for pipes using pressure measurements
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Abstract
The present invention relates to polyethylene pipe measuring technologies, it is desirable to provide a kind of used in nuclear power station high density polyethylene pipe tightness test and evaluation method.Including：HDPE pipes to be measured are filled by water by water pump and continuous voltage rise is to test pressure, control rate of pressure rise is in the range of 40~120kPa/min；Pressurize 4h and passing through moisturizing makes overpressure maintain test pressure；Then voltage stabilizing 1h records pressure data and draws pressure history figure；Leak test actual pressure drop is worth to according to the ratio of the pressure differential at whole story moment in voltage stabilizing stage and test pressure, when actual pressure drop, which is less than, allows pressure drop, is considered as HDPE pipes leak test qualification；When actual pressure drop, which is more than, allows pressure drop, it is unqualified to be considered as HDPE pipe leak tests.By the present invention, can make HDPE pipes leak test no longer simply apply mechanically steel pipe or other fixed materials, structure pipe testing standard or method, but specific leak test acceptance criteria is formulated according to specific tube material, structure and test environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of used in nuclear power station high density polyethylene (HDPE) (HDPE) pipe leak test test methods, and in particular to
A kind of the tightness testing process and evaluation method of used in nuclear power station heavy wall HDPE cooling water delivery pipes.
Background technology
With rapid development of economy, the non-renewable resources such as oil, coal are used by a large amount of exploitations, lead to environmental pollution
Aggravation.Therefore clean energy resource proportion is improved, accelerates development the development ＆ construction of the new energy such as nuclear power, it has also become trend of the times.Nuclear power
It stands and usually uses sea water as the cooling agent of peripheral cooling circuit, but seawater is due to salinity and chloride ion content height, corrosivity
It is very strong.HDPE pipes have superior corrosion resistance, at present in U.S. Callaway, the cooling water of the Chinese nuclear power stations such as three
It is applied in guard system, outer surface caused by both can resisting severe use environment is corroded, and is also possible to prevent to manage caused by liquid
Interior incrustation and inside corrosion.
HDPE has the characteristic of viscoelasticity, when pipe bears internal pressure, increases over time, material modulus is gradually reduced, and is led
Tube capacity product is caused to become larger, internal stress strain changes therewith.The process is between relaxation and creep, but due to deflection
Very little, the process can be described with relaxation.By the state equation of water it is found that when one timing of environment temperature, water volume becomes larger
Hydraulic pressure is caused to become smaller.Therefore when HDPE pipes bear internal pressure, even if pipe No leakage occurs, since stress relaxation occurs for HDPE pipes,
Pipe internal pressure also can constantly decline.In addition, it is also resulted in pipe inevitably there are micro leakage in the junction of pipe and pipe fitting
The decline of pressure.Consider operational efficiency and safety factor, used in nuclear power station HDPE pipes have the characteristics that diameter greatly, thickness of pipe wall, put into
Before use, leak test need to be carried out to examine its intensity and tightness.
The formulation of leak test method need to consider mechanical property, pressurize and the voltage stabling control of HDPE, test pressure,
Test temperature, pipe structure and pipe allow the factors such as water percolating capacity, complex.Different materials, structure and at a temperature of using identical
Leak test method, measure pipe pressure drop be completely it is different.Although it numerous theoretical models and grinds in the prior art
Study carefully achievement and ensure that used in nuclear power station HDPE guard systems safety from material, design, manufacture, constructing check and non-destructive testing etc.
Property, but the tightness test for being directly used in used in nuclear power station HDPE pipes is not formed yet with evaluation method.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome deficiency of the prior art, provide a kind of used in nuclear power station high density
Polyethylene pipe tightness is tested and evaluation method.
To solve technical problem, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
A kind of used in nuclear power station high density polyethylene pipe tightness test and evaluation method are provided, included the following steps：
(1) one end of HDPE pipes to be measured is closed, the other end is sequentially connected water pump and water tank by pipeline；It is set on pipeline
Shut-off valve, motor-driven valve and pressure sensor, water pump, motor-driven valve and pressure sensor are connected to computer, energy by signal wire respectively
By computer control the start and stop of water pump, motor-driven valve aperture and record the pressure data that pressure sensor detects；
(2) when setting 1.5 times of pipe design pressure to be used as test pressure on computers, and rate of pressure rise, pressurize being set
Between and voltage stabling control as control parameter；Then HDPE pipes to be measured are filled to test pressure by water and continuous voltage rise by water pump,
Rate of pressure rise is controlled in the range of 40~120kPa/min；
(3) pressurize 4h after test pressure, the pressure transmitted in pressure maintaining period by computer according to pressure sensor are boosted to
Data control the aperture of motor-driven valve, by overpressure being made to maintain test pressure to HDPE pipes moisturizing to be measured；
(4) shut-off valve and water pump of stopping transport, voltage stabilizing 1h are closed after pressurize；Due to relaxation and pipe leakage, overpressure meeting
Constantly decline, computer record pressure data simultaneously draws pressure history figure；Motor-driven valve and shut-off valve are opened after voltage stabilizing,
Release, emptying HDPE pipes to be measured；
(5) leak test actual pressure is worth to according to the ratio of the pressure differential at whole story moment in voltage stabilizing stage and test pressure
Drop when actual pressure drop, which is less than, allows pressure drop, is considered as HDPE pipes leak test qualification；Allow when actual pressure drop is more than
During pressure drop, it is unqualified to be considered as HDPE pipe leak tests；
The permission pressure drop of HDPE pipes calculates acquisition in the following manner：
Step A, the modulus E (t) of HDPE pipe any times is calculated
Stretching relaxation test is carried out to sample at different temperature, the relaxation modulus data of HDPE is obtained, utilizes extension
Exponential type empirical equation (1) expresses relaxation modulus, fits the relaxation modulus equation for considering that temperature influences；
In formula, t is test period；E0For initial modulus, E∞For long term modulus, obtained by relaxation modulus data；β and τ
It is constant, 0<β<1, τ>0, it is fitted to obtain by data；
Step B, HDPE tube capacity product V is calculatediWith overpressure PiRelationship
DoFor the mean outside diameter of HDPE pipes, δ is average wall thickness, and l is length；End fixed constraint is used on constrained type
It is calculated；
Coefficient C is related with tube material and structure, shown in expression formula such as formula (3)：
Size ratio DR=Do/ δ is mean outside diameter DoWith the ratio of average wall thickness δ, E is the modulus of any moment HDPE；V is
Pipe Poisson's ratio, takes 0.45；
Step C, the volume V of water in HDPE pipes is calculatedwWith the pressure P of waterwRelationship
The correlation initial data of the pressure-volume-temperature of water is directly acquired from existing literature, utilizes Tumlirz side
Journey fits the water state equation shown in formula (4)：
In formula, D, F are constants only related with temperature, D=598.100+2.300T, F=177.950+1.125T-
0.00745T2；T is temperature, M0For voltage stabilizing stage initial mass.
Water percolating capacity Q is allowed to be modified water state equation using unit length pipe：
T in formula0For dwell time, t1For voltage stabling control, l is the length of HDPE pipes；
Step D, the allowable pressure drop of leak test is calculated
The volume of the volume of packing stage finish time HDPE pipes, i.e. voltage stabilizing stage initial time pipe is obtained by formula (2), into
And the mass M of the water of HDPE pipe voltage stabilizing stage initial times is acquired by formula (4)0；Allow to seep water according to the unit length of HDPE pipes
The pressure of finish time in voltage stabilizing stage is calculated by formula (2) and formula (5) for amount, and the difference of it and test pressure is pressed with experiment
Power, which is divided by, obtains HDPE pipes leak test permission pressure drop.
Compared with prior art, the solution have the advantages that：
It 1st, can be according to the leak test pressurize of HDPE pipes and voltage stabling control, test pressure, examination by the method for the present invention
It tests temperature, pipe structure and the experimental conditions such as water percolating capacity is allowed to determine experiment evaluation method.It can make the leak test of HDPE pipes not
Simply apply mechanically again steel pipe or other fixed materials, structure pipe testing standard or method, but according to specific tube material, knot
Structure and test environment formulate specific leak test acceptance criteria.
2nd, the present invention is especially suitable for the customization such as nuclear power station require high (material of different engineerings, structure are different) and
Antiseep requires the leak test of high HDPE pipes.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is HDPE pipe leak test schematic devices；
Fig. 2 is HDPE pipe standards relaxation test samples；
Fig. 3 is that HDPE stretches the relaxation modulus data result figure that relaxation test obtains at a different set of temperature；
Fig. 4 is HDPE pipe mechanical simplified models.
Reference numeral：1 HDPE pipes to be measured, 2 pressure sensors, 3 pressure gauges, 4 motor-driven valves, 5 shut-off valves, 6 shut-off valves, 7 meters
Calculation machine, 8 water pumps, 9 water tanks；
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of used in nuclear power station HDPE pipes tightness test and evaluation method, for the test of leak test
And it checks and accepts.
As shown in Figure 1, HDPE pipe leak tests device includes HDPE pipes 1 to be measured, pressure sensor 2, pressure gauge 3, electricity
Dynamic valve 4, shut-off valve 5, shut-off valve 6, computer 7, water pump 8, water tank 9.System utilizes pressure sensor 2, motor-driven valve 4, computer 7
Automatically controlling for experiment process is realized with water pump 8；The real-time of HDPE overpressures is realized using pressure sensor 2 and computer 7
Acquisition, simultaneous display.
The step of specific test is with evaluation method is as follows：
(1) one end of HDPE pipes 1 to be measured is closed, the other end is sequentially connected water pump 8 and water tank 9 by pipeline；On pipeline
Setting shut-off valve 5,6, motor-driven valve 4 and pressure sensor 2, water pump 8, motor-driven valve 4 and pressure sensor 2 are connect respectively by signal wire
To computer 7, the start and stop of water pump 8, the aperture of motor-driven valve 4 can be controlled by computer 7 and records what pressure sensor 2 detected
Pressure data；
(2) when setting 1.5 times of pipe design pressure to be used as test pressure on computer 7, and rate of pressure rise, pressurize being set
Between and voltage stabling control as control parameter；Then by water pump 8 by HDPE pipes 1 to be measured fill water and continuous voltage rise to test pressure
Power, control rate of pressure rise is in the range of 40~120kPa/min；
(3) pressurize 4h after test pressure, the pressure transmitted in pressure maintaining period by computer 7 according to pressure sensor 2 are boosted to
Force data controls the aperture of motor-driven valve 4, by overpressure being made to maintain test pressure to 1 moisturizing of HDPE pipes to be measured；
(4) shut-off valve and water pump of stopping transport, voltage stabilizing 1h are closed after pressurize；Due to relaxation and pipe leakage, overpressure meeting
Constantly decline, computer 7 records pressure data and draws pressure history figure；Motor-driven valve 4 and cut-off are opened after voltage stabilizing
Valve 6, release, emptying HDPE pipes 1 to be measured；
(5) leak test actual pressure is worth to according to the ratio of the pressure differential at whole story moment in voltage stabilizing stage and test pressure
Drop when actual pressure drop, which is less than, allows pressure drop, is considered as 1 leak test of HDPE pipes qualification；Permit when actual pressure drop is more than
Perhaps during pressure drop, it is unqualified to be considered as 1 leak test of HDPE pipes；
The permission pressure drop of HDPE pipes 1 calculates acquisition in the following manner：
Step A, the modulus E (t) of HDPE pipe any times is calculated
The pipe with batch with HDPE pipes 1 to be measured is taken, punching press is carried out to it, obtains HDPE pipe standards samples, as shown in Figure 2.
At different temperature, stretching relaxation test is carried out to sample using universal testing machine, obtains the relaxation modulus of effective HDPE
Data.Relaxation modulus is expressed using expanding index type empirical equation (1), is obtained based on the stretching relaxation test under different temperatures
Moduli data, fit consider temperature influence relaxation modulus equation.After relaxation modulus equation determines, any time HDPE's
Modulus is understood.
In formula, t is test period；E0For initial modulus, E∞For long term modulus, can be obtained by relaxation modulus data；β and
τ is constant, 0<β<1, τ>0, it can be fitted to obtain by data.
The relaxation modulus data result that HDPE stretchings relaxation test obtains under typical different temperatures is as shown in figure 3, pass through
The experimental result can be fitted to obtain the parameters in formula (1).
Step B, HDPE tube capacity product V is calculatediWith overpressure PiRelationship
Mechanical model is used for describing tube capacity product V during HDPE pipe rangesiWith overpressure PiRelationship, need known to HDPE pipes 1 to be measured
Structural parameters, load parameter, material property and boundary constraint, HDPE pipes mechanical model to be measured can be reduced to shown in Fig. 4.
The pipe outside diameter and thickness of pipe wall at HDPE pipe different locations are measured, the mean outside diameter D of HDPE pipes is obtained after being averagedo
With average wall thickness δ, while HDPE length of tube l is measured；Tube end is constrained between end freedom and end are fixed, but due to pipe
Constrained type is minimum on leak test pressure drop influence, and the end restraint of practical pipe is partial to end and is fixed, therefore the present invention exists
It is calculated on constrained type using end fixed constraint.
According to conditions above, tube capacity product V can obtainiWith overpressure PiRelationship, as shown in formula (2).Wherein coefficient C is
The coefficient related with tube material and structure, shown in expression formula such as formula (3).Size ratio DR is mean outside diameter DoWith average wall thickness δ
Ratio, DR=Do/ δ, E are the modulus of any moment HDPE；V is pipe Poisson's ratio, takes 0.45.
Step C, the volume V of water in HDPE pipes is calculatedwWith the pressure P of waterwRelationship
Water state equation is used for describing the volume V of waterwWith the pressure P of waterwRelationship, the pressure-volume-temperature about water
Initial data can be directly acquired from document, then can fit water state equation, relational expression using using Tumlirz equations
As shown in formula (4).Wherein, D, F are constants only related with temperature, D=598.100+2.300T, F=177.950+1.125T-
0.00745T2；T is temperature, M0For voltage stabilizing stage initial mass.
During experiment, there is inevitable micro leakage on HDPE pipes to be measured, calculating need to consider HDPE pipes leakage with
Pipe stress relaxation influences each other, therefore formula (4) need to be modified.Pipe leakage available units length pipe allows water percolating capacity Q tables
Show, consider the influence of pipe leakage, can obtain shown in revised water state equation such as formula (5), t in formula0For dwell time, t1Surely
It presses the time, l is the length of HDPE pipes.
Step D, the allowable pressure drop of leak test is calculated
Due to HDPE pipes and the interaction of water and compatibility of deformation relationship, during leak test, any moment tube capacity
Product ViWith overpressure PiWith the volume V of waterwWith the pressure P of waterwIt is consistent.Boosting and release time are shorter, can not consider,
Determine that HDPE pipe leak test allowable pressure drops mainly consider pressurize and voltage stabilizing stage.Packing stage, by 8 moisturizing of water pump to tie up
It holds that overpressure is constant, the appearance of the volume of packing stage finish time pipe, i.e. voltage stabilizing stage initial time pipe is obtained by formula (2)
Product, and then acquire by formula (4) mass M of the water of pipe voltage stabilizing stage initial time0.The mass M of voltage stabilizing stage initial time water0
Know, according to the unit length of HDPE pipes allow water percolating capacity, by formula (2) and formula (5) by can be calculated the voltage stabilizing stage at the end of
The difference of it and test pressure with test pressure is divided by and obtains HDPE pipes leak test permission pressure drop by the pressure at quarter.
Embodiment：
It, can be to length 1km's according to used in nuclear power station HDPE pipe leak test tests provided by the invention and evaluation method
It is laid with the HDPE pipes completed and carries out leak test.If the HDPE pipes of the Duan Guanwei outer diameters 762mm, DR9, test pressure are
2.60MPa, 23 DEG C of on-the-spot test temperature, step described in method (1) to step (4), can obtain actual pressure drop according to the present invention.
The permission pressure drop process in accordance with the present invention (5) of HDPE pipes obtains：
Step A, the modulus E (t) of HDPE pipe any times is calculated
At the scene at 23 DEG C of test temperature, the relaxation modulus data of acquisition are fitted, can obtain HDPE pipe it is arbitrary when
The modulus at quarter is：
In formula, t is test period, unit h；Modulus of the E (t) for HDPE pipe any times, units MPa；
Step B, HDPE tube capacity product V is calculatediWith overpressure PiRelationship
According to on-the-spot test condition it is found that outer diameter tube Do=762mm, wall thickness δ are=84.7mm, length l=1km；Pipe
Road size ratio DR=9；Poisson's ratio v=0.45.HDPE tube capacity product V is can obtain according to above each parameteriWith overpressure PiRelationship
For：
In formula, ViIt is accumulated for HDPE tube capacity, unit mm3；PiFor overpressure, units MPa；E is any moment pipe die amount, can
It is obtained by formula (6) substitution current time, units MPa.
Step C, the volume V of water in HDPE pipes is calculatedwWith the pressure P of waterwRelationship
The correlation initial data of the pressure-volume-temperature of water is directly acquired from existing literature, in 23 DEG C of test temperature
Under, it is using Tumlirz equation models water outlet state equation：
In formula, VwFor the volume of water in HDPE pipes, unit mm3；PwFor the pressure of water, units MPa；M0For at the beginning of the voltage stabilizing stage
Prothyl amount, unit g.
Consider that pipe has leakage, pipe unit length allows water percolating capacity Q=30L/ (hkm), allows using unit length pipe
Water percolating capacity is modified water state equation：
Step D, the allowable pressure drop of leak test is calculated
The volume V of HDPE pipes is obtained by formula (6), (7) by packing stage finish time, t=4iIt is 2.869 × 1011mm3；Pipe
Volume it is consistent with the volume of water, substituted into the mass M that voltage stabilizing stage initial time water is obtained in formula (8)0It is 2.858 × 108g。
Voltage stabilizing stage initial time, t=5, according to formula (7), (9), obtaining voltage stabilizing stage finish time pressure by numerical computations is
2.54MPa, its difference with test pressure 2.60MPa, which is divided by with test pressure, to be obtained HDPE pipe leak tests and allows to press
Power is reduced to 2.3%.
It is qualified that if actual pressure drop is less than the leak test of 2.3%, HDPE pipes；If actual pressure drop is more than 2.3%,
HDPE pipe leak tests are unqualified, need to check whether junction is damaged with the presence or absence of leakage or tubing.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of used in nuclear power station high density polyethylene pipe tightness test and evaluation method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
(1) one end of HDPE pipes to be measured is closed, the other end is sequentially connected water pump and water tank by pipeline；Cut-off is set on pipeline
Valve, motor-driven valve and pressure sensor, water pump, motor-driven valve and pressure sensor are connected to computer by signal wire respectively, can pass through
The start and stop of computer control water pump, the aperture of motor-driven valve simultaneously record the pressure data that pressure sensor detects；
(2) setting on computers 1.5 times of pipe design pressure is as test pressure, and set rate of pressure rise, the dwell time and
Voltage stabling control is as control parameter；Then HDPE pipes to be measured are filled by water by water pump and continuous voltage rise is to test pressure, controlled
Rate of pressure rise is in the range of 40~120kPa/min；
(3) pressurize 4h after test pressure, the pressure data transmitted in pressure maintaining period by computer according to pressure sensor are boosted to
The aperture of motor-driven valve is controlled, by overpressure being made to maintain test pressure to HDPE pipes moisturizing to be measured；
(4) shut-off valve and water pump of stopping transport, voltage stabilizing 1h are closed after pressurize；Due to relaxation and pipe leakage, overpressure can be continuous
Decline, computer record pressure data simultaneously draws pressure history figure；Motor-driven valve and shut-off valve are opened after voltage stabilizing, is unloaded
It presses, empty HDPE pipes to be measured；
(5) leak test actual pressure drop is worth to according to the ratio of the pressure differential at whole story moment in voltage stabilizing stage and test pressure,
When actual pressure drop, which is less than, allows pressure drop, it is considered as HDPE pipes leak test qualification；Allow to press when actual pressure drop is more than
When power drops, it is unqualified to be considered as HDPE pipe leak tests.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the step (5), the permission pressure drop of HDPE pipes passes through
In the following manner, which calculates, to be obtained：
Step A, the modulus E (t) of HDPE pipe any times is calculated
Stretching relaxation test is carried out to sample at different temperature, the relaxation modulus data of HDPE is obtained, utilizes expanding index
Type empirical equation (1) expresses relaxation modulus, fits the relaxation modulus equation for considering that temperature influences；
In formula, t is test period；E0For initial modulus, E∞For long term modulus, obtained by relaxation modulus data；β and τ is normal
Number, 0<β<1, τ>0, it is fitted to obtain by data；
Step B, HDPE tube capacity product V is calculatediWith overpressure PiRelationship
DoFor the mean outside diameter of HDPE pipes, δ is average wall thickness, and l is length；It is carried out on constrained type using end fixed constraint
It calculates；
Coefficient C is related with tube material and structure, shown in expression formula such as formula (3)：
Size ratio DR=Do/ δ is mean outside diameter DoWith the ratio of average wall thickness δ, E is the modulus of any moment HDPE；V is moored for pipe
Loose ratio, takes 0.45；
Step C, the volume V of water in HDPE pipes is calculatedwWith the pressure P of waterwRelationship
The correlation initial data of the pressure-volume-temperature of water is directly acquired from existing literature, is intended using Tumlirz equations
Water state equation shown in the formula of closing out (4)：
In formula, D, F are constants only related with temperature, D=598.100+2.300T, F=177.950+1.125T-
0.00745T2；T is temperature, M0For voltage stabilizing stage initial mass；
Water percolating capacity Q is allowed to be modified water state equation using unit length pipe：
T in formula0For dwell time, t1For voltage stabling control, l is the length of HDPE pipes；
Step D, the allowable pressure drop of leak test is calculated
The volume of the volume of packing stage finish time HDPE pipes, i.e. voltage stabilizing stage initial time pipe, Jin Eryou are obtained by formula (2)
Formula (4) acquires the mass M of the water of HDPE pipe voltage stabilizing stage initial times0；Water percolating capacity is allowed according to the unit length of HDPE pipes, by
The pressure of finish time in voltage stabilizing stage is calculated in formula (2) and formula (5), and the difference of it and test pressure is divided by with test pressure
Obtaining the leak test of HDPE pipes allows pressure drop.
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| CN113324705A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-08-31 | 国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院 | Gas turbine unit valve tightness test method |
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