CN108195151B - Heat accumulating type solar dryer - Google Patents
Heat accumulating type solar dryer Download PDFInfo
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- CN108195151B CN108195151B CN201810017968.3A CN201810017968A CN108195151B CN 108195151 B CN108195151 B CN 108195151B CN 201810017968 A CN201810017968 A CN 201810017968A CN 108195151 B CN108195151 B CN 108195151B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B9/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards
- F26B9/06—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards in stationary drums or chambers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/06—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice versa
- C09K5/063—Materials absorbing or liberating heat during crystallisation; Heat storage materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/001—Drying-air generating units, e.g. movable, independent of drying enclosure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of solar drying, and provides a heat accumulating type solar dryer, which comprises: the drying chamber is provided with at least one heat collector which is arranged outside the drying chamber and used for converting absorbed solar energy into heat energy; and the heat accumulator is respectively connected with the drying chamber and the heat collector, stores heat energy generated by the heat collector, releases the heat energy to the drying chamber after going down a mountain in the sun, and continuously heats the drying chamber to reduce the humidity in the drying chamber and continuously dries the articles in the drying chamber. The drying chamber is preferably provided with a baffle, a cross rod and a hook, so that the drying requirements of articles with different sizes and shapes are facilitated; the drying chamber is provided with at least one movable door which is closed when drying is carried out, so that the drying chamber forms a sealing structure, and the food materials are prevented from being invaded by mosquitoes when being dried. Therefore, the heat accumulating type solar dryer provided by the invention has the advantages that the heat accumulating function is increased, the drying time is prolonged, and the energy utilization rate is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solar drying, in particular to a heat accumulating type solar dryer.
Background
The drying technology has wide application in civil and industrial fields, and in order to ensure the quality of products, electric energy is adopted to provide a heat source under most conditions, and the energy consumption in the drying process is very high. In daily life, people have a large number of articles to be dried, and in general, daily washing clothes, harvested grain crops such as rice, corn and peanut can achieve the drying purpose through direct insolation of the sun, but the mode has serious dependence on weather, long drying time and the dried articles are greatly influenced by external environment. Especially in most areas of China, people are affected by customs, various meats such as pork, beef, fish and the like are cured, dried and smoked to prepare various delicious foods, various vegetables are cured and then dried to obtain various dried vegetables such as dried vegetables, the food materials are greatly affected by weather in the drying process, if continuous overcast and rainy weather is encountered in the drying process, the quality of products is greatly affected, and more importantly, raw materials of the foods are easily affected by mosquitoes such as flies, bacteria and harmful microorganisms are bred, even maggots are grown in the drying process of long-time exposure, the product quality is seriously affected, and the food safety of people is also greatly affected.
Some developers provide solutions of solar dryers, which mostly adopt direct use of solar collectors to heat air and then dry bulk crops, the drying equipment is relatively large, the energy utilization rate is not high, and small-lot and multi-variety food materials, clothes and the like in families and the like are not considered to be dried.
In view of the foregoing, the prior art has obvious inconveniences and drawbacks in practical use, so that improvements are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks, an object of the present invention is to provide a heat accumulating type solar dryer, which increases heat accumulating function, prolongs drying time, and increases energy utilization rate.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a regenerative solar dryer comprising:
a drying chamber, a drying chamber and a drying chamber,
at least one heat collector arranged outside the drying chamber for converting absorbed solar energy into heat energy; and the heat accumulator is respectively connected with the drying chamber and the heat collector, stores heat energy generated by the heat collector and releases the heat energy to the drying chamber.
According to the heat accumulating type solar dryer, the heat accumulator comprises:
a heat accumulator housing,
the heat accumulator is arranged in the heat accumulator shell and is provided with a plurality of through holes;
and the heat insulation layer is coated on the outer surface layer of the heat accumulator shell.
According to the heat accumulating type solar dryer, the heat accumulator is cylindrical and is in a honeycomb briquette shape; the heat accumulator is made of polyurethane rigid foam coated paraffin phase change materials;
the heat insulating layer and the drying chamber are both made of heat insulating materials.
According to the heat accumulating type solar dryer, the preparation method of the polyurethane rigid foam coated paraffin phase change material comprises the following steps:
(1) Uniformly stirring polyether or polyester polyol, water, an organosilicon foam stabilizer, liquid paraffin, heat conducting powder and catalyst dibutyl tin dilaurate to form a material A;
(2) Taking diphenylmethane diisocyanate as a material B, and mixing the material A and the material B to obtain a material C;
(3) And (3) stirring and foaming the material C at a high speed to form a polyurethane rigid foam coated paraffin structure, and obtaining the polyurethane rigid foam coated paraffin phase change material.
According to the heat accumulating type solar dryer, the mass fraction of polyether or polyester polyol is 30-50%, the mass fraction of water is 5-30%, the mass fraction of organosilicon foam stabilizer is 0.2-2%, the mass fraction of liquid paraffin is 10-40%, the mass fraction of heat conducting powder is 2-12%, and the mass fraction of catalyst dibutyl tin dilaurate is 0.2-1.2%;
according to the heat accumulating type solar dryer, the mass ratio of the material A to the material B is 1:0.6-1.5;
the heat conducting powder is one or a mixture of more of aluminum oxide, silicon micropowder, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum nitride, boron nitride, silicon carbide, carbon powder, graphene and carbon nano tube.
According to the heat accumulating type solar dryer, the mass fraction of the polyester polyol is 40%, the mass fraction of the water is 15%, the mass fraction of the organosilicon foam stabilizer is 0.4%, the mass fraction of the liquid paraffin is 35%, the mass fraction of the heat conducting powder is 9%, the 9% mass fraction of the heat conducting powder consists of 6% of alumina and 3% of silicon carbide, and the mass fraction of the catalyst dibutyl tin dilaurate is 0.6%; the mass ratio of the material A to the material B is 1:0.9; or alternatively
The polyester polyol comprises 45% by mass of polyester polyol, 16% by mass of water, 0.5% by mass of organosilicon foam stabilizer, 31% by mass of liquid paraffin, 7% by mass of heat conducting powder consisting of 5% by mass of magnesium oxide and 2% by mass of carbon powder, and 0.5% by mass of dibutyltin dilaurate serving as a catalyst; the mass ratio of the material A to the material B is 1:1.1; or alternatively
The polyester polyol comprises, by mass, 30% of polyester polyol, 20% of water, 0.6% of an organosilicon foam stabilizer, 38% of liquid paraffin, 11% of heat-conducting powder, wherein 11% of heat-conducting powder consists of 10% of silicon micropowder and 1% of carbon nano tubes, and 0.4% of dibutyltin dilaurate serving as a catalyst; the mass ratio of the material A to the material B is 1:1.3.
According to the heat accumulating type solar dryer, the heat accumulating type solar dryer further comprises a fan, a drying chamber air inlet is formed in the bottom of the drying chamber, and the fan is arranged at the bottom of the drying chamber;
one end of the heat collector is provided with an air inlet one-way valve, and the other end of the heat collector is connected with an air inlet of the heat accumulator through a first pipeline; the air outlet of the heat accumulator is connected with the air inlet of the fan through a second pipeline; the air outlet of the fan is connected with the air inlet of the drying chamber through a third pipeline;
the heat collector comprises a solar panel, wherein the solar panel absorbs solar energy, heats air entering through the air inlet one-way valve when the fan rotates forwards, and transmits the heated air into the heat accumulator; and when the fan continuously rotates in the forward direction, the heat accumulator transmits the heated hot air to the drying chamber.
According to the heat accumulating type solar dryer, the drying chamber comprises a top and a lower part, wherein the top is a cone, and the lower part is a cylinder; or the top part is a triangular prism body, and the lower part is a square body; the solar panel is arranged at least on the top of the drying chamber or at least one side surface of the lower part;
an air outlet one-way valve is arranged on the top of the drying chamber;
a cross rod is arranged at the upper part of the drying chamber, and a hook is arranged on the cross rod; and at least one partition is arranged in the drying chamber;
a base is arranged at the bottom of the drying chamber;
the outer side surface of the lower part of the drying chamber is provided with at least one movable door.
The heat accumulating type solar dryer according to the present invention further comprises:
the temperature sensor is arranged in the drying chamber, and when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature in the drying chamber reaches a preset temperature, a first control instruction for closing the fan is transmitted to the controller; or alternatively
When the temperature sensor detects that the temperature in the drying chamber does not reach the preset temperature, a second control instruction for opening the fan is transmitted to a controller;
a timer for timing the time when the drying chamber reaches the preset temperature, and transmitting a third control instruction for closing the fan to the controller when the time reaches the preset time;
and the controller receives the first control instruction and the third control instruction to close the fan, or receives the second control instruction to open the fan.
According to the heat accumulating type solar dryer, the air inlet one-way valve and the air outlet one-way valve are closed when the controller receives the first control instruction and the third control instruction to close the fan;
the controller is fixedly arranged outside the drying chamber; or alternatively
The controller is a remote controller;
the controller comprises a control panel, wherein the control panel comprises a temperature setting key for setting the preset temperature and a time setting key for setting the preset time;
the partition plate is provided with a plurality of through holes;
and a sliding wheel is arranged at the bottom end of the base.
The heat accumulating type solar dryer comprises a drying chamber, a heat collector and a heat accumulator, wherein the heat collector converts absorbed solar energy into heat energy, the heat accumulator is arranged to store the heat energy generated by the heat collector, the energy utilization rate is improved, the heat accumulator releases the stored heat energy to the drying chamber, and articles in the drying chamber are dried. Therefore, the heat accumulating type solar dryer provided by the invention has the advantages that the heat accumulating function is increased, the drying time is prolonged, and the energy utilization rate is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a regenerative solar dryer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, in one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a heat accumulating type solar dryer 100 including:
the drying chamber (10) is provided with a drying chamber,
at least one heat collector 20 disposed outside the drying chamber 10 to convert absorbed solar energy into heat energy;
at least one heat accumulator 30 connected to the drying chamber 10 and the heat collector 20, respectively, stores heat energy generated by the heat collector 20, and releases the heat energy to the drying chamber 10.
In this embodiment, the drying chamber 10 is used for placing articles to be dried and drying the articles in the drying chamber 10, the heat collector 20 is arranged outside the drying chamber 10 to convert absorbed solar energy into heat energy, the heat energy generated by the heat collector 20 is stored in the heat accumulator 30, when sunlight is strong, part of the energy can be stored in the heat accumulator 30, the utilization rate of the energy is improved, when the sunlight is weak or the sun is descending, the heat accumulator 30 can continuously release the heat energy to the drying chamber 10 to dry the articles in the drying chamber 10, and due to the heat accumulator 30, the drying effect can be maintained for a period of time after the sun descends, and the drying time is prolonged. The drying chamber 10 may be made of a material that is resistant to high temperatures and is thermally insulating. Such as some high temperature resistant plastics, etc.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the regenerator 30 includes:
a heat accumulator housing,
the heat accumulator is arranged in the heat accumulator shell and is provided with a plurality of through holes;
and the heat insulation layer is coated on the outer surface layer of the heat accumulator shell.
In this embodiment, the heat accumulator 30 includes a heat accumulator housing, a heat accumulator and a heat insulating layer, the heat accumulator is disposed in the heat accumulator housing, and the heat accumulator is provided with a plurality of through holes, so that the contact area between the hot air and the heat accumulator can be increased, and the heat transfer effect can be further improved. The heat insulation layer is coated on the outer surface layer of the heat accumulator shell, so that heat energy dissipation is reduced. Preferably, both the insulating layer and the drying chamber 10 are made of an insulating material, such as asbestos or the like. More preferably, the heat accumulator is cylindrical and is in a honeycomb briquette shape; the hot air can be stored in the through holes of the honeycomb briquette-shaped heat accumulator well. The thermal mass may be made of a solid phase change material. The heat accumulator in the heat accumulator 30 is made of the polyurethane rigid foam coated paraffin phase-change material, and the polyurethane rigid foam coated paraffin phase-change material is different from the traditional paraffin phase-change material coated by Arabic gum, gelatin and the like, and has the advantages of easiness in processing and molding, good heat storage performance and the like.
According to the embodiment of the invention, a relatively mature polyurethane rigid foam foaming technology is combined to cover the paraffin phase change material, the process is relatively simple, and the polyurethane rigid foam covers the paraffin phase change material and has better stability and reliability.
In one embodiment of the invention, the preparation method of the polyurethane rigid foam coated paraffin phase change material comprises the following steps:
(1) Uniformly stirring polyether or polyester polyol, water, an organosilicon foam stabilizer, liquid paraffin, heat conducting powder and catalyst dibutyl tin dilaurate to form a material A;
(2) Taking diphenylmethane diisocyanate as a material B, and mixing the material A and the material B to obtain a material C;
(3) And (3) stirring and foaming the material C at a high speed to form a polyurethane rigid foam coated paraffin structure, and obtaining the polyurethane rigid foam coated paraffin phase change material. Preferably, the mass fraction of the polyether or polyester polyol is 30% -50%, the mass fraction of the water is 5% -30%, the mass fraction of the organosilicon foam stabilizer is 0.2% -2%, the mass fraction of the liquid paraffin is 10% -40%, the mass fraction of the heat-conducting powder is 2% -12%, and the mass fraction of the catalyst dibutyl tin dilaurate is 0.2% -1.2%. Preferably, the mass ratio of the material A to the material B is 1:0.6-1.5; the heat conducting powder is one or a mixture of more of aluminum oxide, silicon micropowder, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum nitride, boron nitride, silicon carbide, carbon powder, graphene and carbon nano tube. Because the polyurethane coating material has low heat conductivity, the heat absorption, heat storage and other effects can be influenced, the heat conduction powder is added in the foaming process, so that the heat conduction efficiency of the foaming material can be effectively improved, and the heat conduction efficiency in the heat absorption, heat storage and heat release processes is enhanced. The polyurethane rigid foam coated paraffin phase change material is manufactured into a heat accumulator, a plurality of through holes are formed in the heat accumulator in the later processing process, the heat accumulator is processed into a porous cylinder with honeycomb briquette shape, when solar irradiation exists, part of heat energy is stored in paraffin coated by foam material when hot air passes through the heat accumulator, and when no solar irradiation exists, the heat energy stored in the heat accumulator can be transmitted to the air when the air passes through the heat accumulator, so that the purposes of heating the air and drying materials in a drying chamber are achieved. The heat accumulator has the advantages of simple manufacture, low cost, good heat transfer and heat accumulation effects and the like.
Preferred embodiments of the preparation method of the polyurethane rigid foam coated paraffin phase change material in the invention are as follows:
one of the preferred embodiments of the method for preparing the polyurethane rigid foam coated paraffin phase change material of the thermal mass in the thermal mass 30 is as follows:
(1) Uniformly stirring 40% by mass of polyester polyol, 15% by mass of water, 0.4% by mass of organosilicon foam stabilizer, 35% by mass of liquid paraffin and 9% by mass of heat conducting powder, wherein the heat conducting powder comprises 6% by mass of aluminum oxide, 3% by mass of silicon carbide and 0.6% by mass of catalyst dibutyltin dilaurate to form a material A;
(2) Taking diphenylmethane diisocyanate as a material B, and mixing the material A and the material B to obtain a material C; the mass ratio of the material A to the material B is 1:0.9;
(3) And (3) stirring and foaming the material C at a high speed to form a polyurethane rigid foam coated paraffin structure, thereby obtaining the polyurethane rigid foam coated paraffin phase change heat storage material.
In the embodiment, after the heat conducting powder is added, the heat conductivity coefficient of the polyurethane rigid foam can be improved from about 0.021 w/(m.k) to 1.35 w/(m.k), and the heat absorption, heat accumulation and heat release processes of the heat accumulator are enhanced. The polyurethane rigid foam coated paraffin phase change material obtained in the embodiment is made into a heat accumulator, the heat accumulator is processed into a cylinder, and through holes are processed in the middle to form a honeycomb briquette-shaped structure so as to be suitable for the heat accumulator structure.
A second preferred embodiment of the method for preparing the polyurethane rigid foam coated paraffin phase change material of the heat accumulator in the heat accumulator 30:
(1) Uniformly stirring 45% by mass of polyether polyol, 16% by mass of water, 0.5% by mass of organosilicon foam stabilizer, 31% by mass of liquid paraffin and 7% by mass of heat conducting powder, wherein the heat conducting powder comprises 5% by mass of magnesium oxide, 2% by mass of carbon powder and 0.5% by mass of catalyst dibutyltin dilaurate to form a material A;
(2) Taking diphenylmethane diisocyanate as a material B, and mixing the material A and the material B to obtain a material C; the mass ratio of the material A to the material B is 1:1.1;
(3) And (3) stirring and foaming the material C at a high speed to form a polyurethane rigid foam coated paraffin structure, thereby obtaining the polyurethane rigid foam coated paraffin phase change heat storage material.
In the embodiment, after the heat conducting powder is added, the heat conductivity coefficient of the polyurethane rigid foam can be improved from about 0.021 w/(m.k) to 1.12 w/(m.k), and the heat absorption, heat accumulation and heat release processes of the heat accumulator are enhanced. The polyurethane rigid foam coated paraffin phase change material obtained in the embodiment is made into a heat accumulator, the heat accumulator is processed into a cylinder, and through holes are processed in the middle to form a honeycomb briquette-shaped structure so as to be suitable for the heat accumulator structure.
A third preferred embodiment of the method for preparing the polyurethane rigid foam coated paraffin phase change material of the heat accumulator in the heat accumulator 30:
(1) Uniformly stirring 30% by mass of polyether polyol, 20% by mass of water, 0.6% by mass of organosilicon foam stabilizer, 38% by mass of liquid paraffin and 11% by mass of heat conducting powder, wherein the heat conducting powder comprises 10% by mass of silicon micropowder, 1% by mass of carbon nano tube and 0.4% by mass of catalyst dibutyltin dilaurate to form a material A;
(2) Taking diphenylmethane diisocyanate as a material B, and mixing the material A and the material B to obtain a material C; the mass ratio of the material A to the material B is 1:1.3;
(3) And (3) stirring and foaming the material C at a high speed to form a polyurethane rigid foam coated paraffin structure, thereby obtaining the polyurethane rigid foam coated paraffin phase change heat storage material.
In the embodiment, after the heat conducting powder is added, the heat conductivity coefficient of the polyurethane rigid foam can be improved from about 0.021 w/(m.k) to 1.71 w/(m.k), and the heat absorption, heat accumulation and heat release processes of the heat accumulator are enhanced. The polyurethane rigid foam coated paraffin phase change material obtained in the embodiment is made into a heat accumulator, the heat accumulator is processed into a cylinder, and through holes are processed in the middle to form a honeycomb briquette-shaped structure so as to be suitable for the heat accumulator structure.
Referring to fig. 1, in an embodiment of the present invention, the heat accumulating type solar dryer 100 further includes a fan 40, the bottom of the drying chamber 10 is provided with an air inlet 11 of the drying chamber 10, and the fan 40 is disposed at the bottom of the drying chamber 10;
one end of the heat collector 20 is provided with an air inlet one-way valve 21, and the other end is connected with an air inlet 31 of the heat accumulator 30 through a first pipeline 22; the air outlet 32 of the heat accumulator 30 is connected with the air inlet 41 of the fan 40 through a second pipeline 33; an air outlet 42 of the fan 40 is connected with the air inlet 11 of the drying chamber 10 through a third pipeline 43;
the heat collector 20 includes a solar panel that absorbs solar energy and heats air taken in by the air intake check valve 21 when the blower 40 rotates in the forward direction and transfers the heated air into the heat accumulator 30; the heat accumulator 30 transfers the heated hot air to the drying chamber 10 when the fan 40 continuously rotates in the forward direction, so that the temperature in the drying chamber 10 is increased and the humidity is reduced, thereby drying the articles to be dried in the drying chamber 10.
In this embodiment, an air inlet check valve 21 is disposed at one end of the heat collector 20, the heat collector 20 includes a solar panel absorbing solar energy, the heat collector 20 heats air entering through the air inlet check valve 21, when a fan 40 disposed at the bottom of the drying chamber 10 rotates in a forward direction, the heated air enters the heat accumulator 30 through a first pipe 22 from an air inlet 31 of the heat accumulator 30, and the fan 40 drives the heated air to enter the drying chamber 10 through a third pipe 43 from an air inlet 11 of the drying chamber 10, so as to dry the articles in the drying chamber 10. The shape and structure of the drying chamber may be varied, and it is required to provide a sufficient space for placing the drying object. Preferably, the drying chamber 10 comprises a top 12 and a lower portion 13, the top 12 being a cone and the lower portion 13 being a cylinder; or the top 12 is a triangular prism body, and the lower part 13 is a square body; the solar panel is arranged at least on one side of the top 12 or the lower part 13 of the drying chamber 10; an air outlet check valve 14 is provided on the top 12 of the drying chamber 10.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the regenerative solar dryer 100 further includes: a temperature sensor, a timer and a controller. The temperature sensor is arranged in the drying chamber 10, and when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature in the drying chamber 10 reaches the preset temperature, a first control instruction for closing the fan 40 is transmitted to the controller, and the fan 40 stops blowing; for example, the drying temperature is set according to the characteristics of the articles to be dried at present, for example, the drying temperature of 50 ℃ is set for the pickled vegetables, the fan 40 is turned on, wind enters through the air inlet one-way valve 21, heated air enters into the heat accumulator, and the hot air flows out through the air outlet one-way valve 14. Or when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature in the drying chamber 10 does not reach the preset temperature, a second control instruction for turning on the blower 40 is transmitted to the controller, and the blower 40 starts to blow, for example, after the temperature in the drying chamber 10 reaches the preset temperature of 50 ℃ for a period of time, the blower 40 is turned off. However, after a period of time, the temperature of the drying chamber 10 drops and the fan 40 continues to operate as long as the temperature is maintained at 50 c, bringing heated air into the drying chamber 10. The timer counts the time when the drying chamber 10 reaches the preset temperature, and when the time reaches the preset time, a third control instruction for turning off the fan 40 is transmitted to the controller; when the controller receives the first control command and the third control command, the fan 40 is turned off, or when the controller receives the second control command, the fan 40 is turned on, and for the drying time, the user can set the drying temperature at 50 ℃ by himself, for example, the drying time is 2 hours, and therefore the timer is used for timing. When the drying function of the dryer is turned off, the air intake check valve 21 and the air outlet check valve 14 need to be turned off. Specifically, when the controller receives the first control instruction and the third control instruction to close the fan 40, the air inlet check valve 21 and the air outlet check valve 14 are closed; the controller is fixedly arranged outside the drying chamber 10; or the controller is preferably a remote controller, so that a user can conveniently operate the heat accumulating type solar dryer 100 within a remote control distance; and the controller includes a control panel including a temperature setting key to set the preset temperature and a time setting key to set the preset time, by which the operation of the heat accumulating type solar dryer 100 can be achieved.
Referring to fig. 1, in one embodiment of the present invention, a cross bar 15 is provided at an upper portion inside the drying chamber 10, and hooks 16 are provided on the cross bar 15; and at least one partition 17 is provided in the drying chamber 10;
a base 50 is provided at the bottom of the drying chamber 10;
the outer side of the lower portion 13 of the drying chamber 10 is provided with at least one movable door.
In this embodiment, the partition 17, the cross bar 15 and the hooks 16 are installed in the drying chamber 10, so that the drying requirements of articles with different sizes and shapes can be facilitated, such as large articles like clothes, meat and the like can be hung in the hooks 16 for drying, and small articles like chopped salted vegetables, peanuts, soybeans and the like can be directly placed on the partition 17 for drying. The partition 17 is preferably provided with a plurality of through holes 18; the outer side of the lower part 13 of the drying chamber 10 is provided with at least one movable door, the movable door is opened to put the articles to be dried into or take out of the drying chamber 10, and when drying is carried out, the movable door is closed, so that the drying chamber 10 forms a sealing structure, thereby ensuring that the articles are prevented from being affected by mosquitoes such as flies and the like when food materials such as meat, salted vegetables and the like are dried, improving the cleanliness of the articles, ensuring the edible safety of people and being helpful for improving the quality of life. The bottom of the drying chamber 10 is provided with a base 50, and a sliding wheel 51 is installed at the bottom end of the base 50, so that the heat accumulating type solar dryer 100 can slide conveniently.
The heat accumulating type solar dryer 100 has the advantages of simple structure, small volume and convenient use, can be placed on a household balcony or a balcony, can effectively absorb solar energy, and is provided with the heat accumulator 30 in equipment, thereby increasing the heat accumulating function, fully utilizing energy and improving the drying effect.
In summary, the heat accumulating type solar dryer provided by the invention comprises the drying chamber, the heat collector and the heat accumulator, wherein the heat collector converts absorbed solar energy into heat energy, the heat accumulator is arranged to store the heat energy generated by the heat collector, the energy utilization rate is improved, the heat accumulator releases the stored heat energy to the drying chamber, and the articles in the drying chamber are dried. Therefore, the heat accumulating type solar dryer provided by the invention has the advantages that the heat accumulating function is increased, the drying time is prolonged, and the energy utilization rate is improved.
Of course, the present invention is capable of other various embodiments and its several details are capable of modification and variation in light of the present invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A regenerative solar dryer, comprising:
a drying chamber, a drying chamber and a drying chamber,
at least one heat collector arranged outside the drying chamber for converting absorbed solar energy into heat energy;
the heat accumulator is respectively connected with the drying chamber and the heat collector, stores heat energy generated by the heat collector and releases the heat energy to the drying chamber;
the heat accumulator comprises a heat accumulator body, wherein a plurality of through holes are formed in the heat accumulator body;
the heat accumulator is made of polyurethane rigid foam coated paraffin phase change materials;
the preparation method of the polyurethane rigid foam coated paraffin phase change material comprises the following steps:
(1) Uniformly stirring polyether or polyester polyol, water, an organosilicon foam stabilizer, liquid paraffin, heat conducting powder and catalyst dibutyl tin dilaurate to form a material A;
(2) Taking diphenylmethane diisocyanate as a material B, and mixing the material A and the material B to obtain a material C;
(3) And (3) stirring and foaming the material C at a high speed to form a polyurethane rigid foam coated paraffin structure, and obtaining the polyurethane rigid foam coated paraffin phase change material.
2. The regenerative solar dryer of claim 1, wherein the heat accumulator comprises:
the heat accumulator shell is arranged in the heat accumulator shell;
and the heat insulation layer is coated on the outer surface layer of the heat accumulator shell.
3. The heat accumulating type solar dryer according to claim 2, wherein the heat accumulator is cylindrical and is in a honeycomb briquette shape;
the heat insulating layer and the drying chamber are both made of heat insulating materials.
4. The heat accumulating type solar dryer according to claim 1, wherein the mass fraction of the polyether or polyester polyol is 30% -50%, the mass fraction of the water is 5% -30%, the mass fraction of the organosilicon foam stabilizer is 0.2% -2%, the mass fraction of the liquid paraffin is 10% -40%, the mass fraction of the heat conducting powder is 2% -12%, and the mass fraction of the catalyst dibutyl tin dilaurate is 0.2% -1.2%;
the mass ratio of the material A to the material B is 1:0.6-1.5;
the heat conducting powder is one or a mixture of more of aluminum oxide, silicon micropowder, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum nitride, boron nitride, silicon carbide, carbon powder, graphene and carbon nano tube.
5. The heat accumulating type solar dryer according to claim 4, wherein the mass fraction of the polyester polyol is 40%, the mass fraction of the water is 15%, the mass fraction of the organosilicon foam stabilizer is 0.4%, the mass fraction of the liquid paraffin is 35%, the mass fraction of the heat conducting powder is 9% composed of 6% alumina and 3% silicon carbide, and the mass fraction of the catalyst dibutyltin dilaurate is 0.6%; the mass ratio of the material A to the material B is 1:0.9; or alternatively
The polyester polyol comprises 45% by mass of polyester polyol, 16% by mass of water, 0.5% by mass of organosilicon foam stabilizer, 31% by mass of liquid paraffin, 7% by mass of heat conducting powder consisting of 5% by mass of magnesium oxide and 2% by mass of carbon powder, and 0.5% by mass of dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst; the mass ratio of the material A to the material B is 1:1.1; or alternatively
The polyester polyol comprises, by mass, 30% of polyester polyol, 20% of water, 0.6% of an organosilicon foam stabilizer, 38% of liquid paraffin, 11% of heat-conducting powder, wherein 11% of heat-conducting powder consists of 10% of silicon micropowder and 1% of carbon nanotubes, and 0.4% of dibutyltin dilaurate serving as a catalyst; the mass ratio of the material A to the material B is 1:1.3.
6. The heat accumulating type solar dryer according to claim 1, further comprising a fan, wherein a drying chamber air inlet is formed in the bottom of the drying chamber, and the fan is arranged at the bottom of the drying chamber;
one end of the heat collector is provided with an air inlet one-way valve, and the other end of the heat collector is connected with an air inlet of the heat accumulator through a first pipeline; the air outlet of the heat accumulator is connected with the air inlet of the fan through a second pipeline; the air outlet of the fan is connected with the air inlet of the drying chamber through a third pipeline;
the heat collector comprises a solar panel, wherein the solar panel absorbs solar energy, heats air entering through the air inlet one-way valve when the fan rotates forwards, and transmits the heated air into the heat accumulator; and when the fan continuously rotates in the forward direction, the heat accumulator conveys the heated air to the drying chamber.
7. The regenerative solar dryer of claim 6, wherein the drying chamber comprises a top portion and a lower portion, the top portion being a cone and the lower portion being a cylinder; or the top part is a triangular prism body, and the lower part is a square body; the solar panel is arranged at least on the top of the drying chamber or at least one side surface of the lower part;
an air outlet one-way valve is arranged on the top of the drying chamber;
a cross rod is arranged at the upper part of the drying chamber, and a hook is arranged on the cross rod; and at least one partition is arranged in the drying chamber;
a base is arranged at the bottom of the drying chamber;
the outer side surface of the lower part of the drying chamber is provided with at least one movable door.
8. The regenerative solar dryer of claim 7, further comprising:
the temperature sensor is arranged in the drying chamber, and when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature in the drying chamber reaches a preset temperature, a first control instruction for closing the fan is transmitted to the controller; or alternatively
When the temperature sensor detects that the temperature in the drying chamber does not reach the preset temperature, a second control instruction for opening the fan is transmitted to a controller;
a timer for timing the time when the drying chamber reaches the preset temperature, and transmitting a third control instruction for closing the fan to the controller when the time reaches the preset time;
and the controller receives the first control instruction and the third control instruction to close the fan, or receives the second control instruction to open the fan.
9. The heat accumulating type solar dryer of claim 8, wherein the air inlet check valve and the air outlet check valve are closed while the controller receives the first control command and the third control command to close the fan;
the controller is fixedly arranged outside the drying chamber; or alternatively
The controller is a remote controller;
the controller comprises a control panel, wherein the control panel comprises a temperature setting key for setting the preset temperature and a time setting key for setting the preset time;
the partition plate is provided with a plurality of through holes;
and a sliding wheel is arranged at the bottom end of the base.
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| CN108753264B (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2024-04-05 | 东南大学 | Phase-change energy-storage type solar dryer and preparation method of phase-change energy-storage layer thereof |
| CN111043847B (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2022-05-10 | 云南师范大学 | Multi-variable control drying device of solar heat collector |
| CN112304072A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-02-02 | 四川洁能干燥设备有限责任公司 | Drying device |
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