CN108194094B - The construction technology of Tunnel Passing gas stratomere - Google Patents
The construction technology of Tunnel Passing gas stratomere Download PDFInfo
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- CN108194094B CN108194094B CN201711469254.8A CN201711469254A CN108194094B CN 108194094 B CN108194094 B CN 108194094B CN 201711469254 A CN201711469254 A CN 201711469254A CN 108194094 B CN108194094 B CN 108194094B
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 95
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitroglycerin Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003711 glyceryl trinitrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004047 hole gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010454 slate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N spiromesifen Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1C(C(O1)=O)=C(OC(=O)CC(C)(C)C)C11CCCC1 GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010200 validation analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009967 tasteless effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/14—Layout of tunnels or galleries; Constructional features of tunnels or galleries, not otherwise provided for, e.g. portals, day-light attenuation at tunnel openings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F7/00—Methods or devices for drawing- off gases with or without subsequent use of the gas for any purpose
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of construction technologies for passing through gas stratomere tunnel.Mainly solve the problems, such as that existing construction technology will lead to a large amount of gas intrusion tunnel normal operation space and generate security risk even accident and invent.Advance geologic prediction and the detection of advanced inspecting hole, carry out gas concentration monitoring in hole using Portable Methane Detection Alarm；Combined bolting and shotcrete is carried out after excavation in time, closing country rock, blocking rock gap prevent gas from continuing to escape；Adhere to Advance Drilling when excavation, detonating repeatedly after gas tunnel Blasting Excavation, carries out setting up steelframe and shotcrete support in time, guarantees the safety and stability of excavation section；Tunnel inside lining is constructed using monolithic concrete lining trolley, arch wall one-pass molding, and tunnel loopful closing when necessary simultaneously uses moisture separation device in longitudinal blind pipe, so as to gas discharge.Advantage is to can avoid gas to assemble behind in lining cutting, can guarantee the operation security in tunnel.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to constructing tunnel fields, are specifically related to a kind of construction technology for passing through gas stratomere tunnel.
Background technique:
Current railway construction rapid development, gas tunnel are more and more.Gas is that one kind is insoluble in water, colourless, tasteless
Gas, relative density 0.554, penetrating power is 1.6 times of air, and main component is alkane, wherein methane account for absolutely mostly
Number when reaching a certain concentration, can occur to burn or explode.So-called gas tunnel namely across the tunnel on gas stratum, therefore
During the construction and operation of gas tunnel, if management and prevent and treat it is improper, it is easy to cause considerable safety thing
Therefore safety problem very severe.
Tunnel mainly carries out gas preventing and control by the way of stifled at present, and existing construction technology will lead to a large amount of gas and exist
Lining cutting is assembled behind, and lining cutting behind hydraulic pressure and gas pressure is caused to go up, and intrusion tunnel normal operation space generates security risk
Even accident.
Summary of the invention:
Technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of construction technologies of Tunnel Passing gas stratomere, can keep away
Exempt from gas to assemble behind in lining cutting, guarantees tunnel operation security.
Above-mentioned purpose is achieved in that
Advance geologic prediction and the detection of advanced inspecting hole:
Geological Advanced Prediction is carried out using three kinds of conventional mapping, elastic wave reflex method TSP, Advance Drilling methods；
Coal-bearing strata carries out front roch layer interface forecast and drillhole validation, at least three φ using physical prospectings means such as seismic waves
89 ㎜ drill (at least one 75 ㎜ of φ of service gallery drilling), and simultaneously coring is verified for horizontal protruded drill hole；
In order to grasp front of tunnel heading geological state, verifies whether front crosses coal seam and general location, cross coal seam section and add
89 millimeters of φ, the advanced inspecting hole that length is 30m, each section set 6 holes, recycle every 25m mono-；
When encountering coal seam, when excavated surface is away from speculating that coal seam position is hung down away from 10m, it is necessary to grasp layer position, inclination angle, thickness
The ocurrences of coal seam situations such as degree, top (bottom) slate column, geological structure, provide reliably basic data for safe coal-openning, work as tunnel digging
At least five gas inspecting hole is beaten when proceeding to coal measure strata, aperture is 89 millimeters of φ (service gallery is 75 millimeters of φ), it is necessary to penetrate coal
Layer is complete thick, and enters floor strata and be not less than 0.5m, and borehole bottom location should control 5m or so outside excavation contour line；
Coal seam thickness is less than 30cm, when gas pressure is smaller, can not take outburst prevention measures, cooperate safety prevention measure, directly
It connects with Vibration shot exposed coal；
Gas concentration monitoring in hole is carried out using Portable Methane Detection Alarm；
Gas emphasis check point: excavated surface is distinguished and admirable, return, explosion place is nearby in distinguished and admirable in 20m and office
At portion's collapse and cave-in；The total return air in tunnel it is distinguished and admirable in；Nearby 20m is distinguished and admirable for portable blower and electric switch；Various Mobile workbenchs and machinery
In neighbouring 20m it is distinguished and admirable in；Near motor and switch；In tunnel cavern, such as the easy habitat of refuge chamber gas；Seam is close
Geology is crushed area；
Excavation face is tunneled to when having positioned roof and hanging down away from 5m, and top bar must beat at least two hole, and to penetrate coal seam entirely thick
Predicting Gas hole, 50 millimeters of aperture φ, get out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation be excavated to away from roof hang down away from 5m at, beat at least one pre- gaging hole, it is right
Coal seam and gas bearing condition, prominent possibility are predicted；
Face driving distance gas accumulates position and is less than at 3m, stops driving, has a fling at discharge orifice near hole gushing out, into
Row drawing-off gas, 90 ㎜ of discharge orifice diameter phi, discharge hole site according to Gas position, outburst amount, gush out pressure etc. and determine；
When seam inclination is small, coal seam is thick, primary emission drilling is too long, the angle of depression is excessive, segmentation branch can be used and repeatedly arrange
It puts, but the coal depth of wearing of bleeder off hole cannot be less than 1.0m for the first time；
Reinforce discharge working face and the supporting of excavation section before discharge orifice construction, prevents from collapsing and cause to protrude；
Pay attention to observing various abnormal conditions and dynamic phenomenon in discharge orifice work progress, when dynamic phenomenon is tight in the construction of certain hole
Weight can suspend hole construction, mend again after other holes have been constructed and bore the hole；
The hole gas density is detected after being often drilled a hole, carries out twice, grasping emission effect and amendment row daily later
Put the time；
Guarantee there is enough air quantity and wind speed in hole, the wind speed minimum of construction period continuous ventilating, gas location is not less than
1m/s, maximum are no more than 6.0m/s, when present low gas work area any place gas density is more than 0.5%, Ying Jiaqiang ventilation monitoring；
When distinguished and admirable middle gas density reaches 1% within 20m near the bursting work face, it is necessary to stop bore operation；When watt
When this concentration reaches 1.5%, it is necessary to stop all operations, withdraw from staff, cut off the power, takes measures to be handled, watt
This concentration reaches 3%, it is necessary to finish in 24 hours inner sealings；
When distinguished and admirable middle gas density reaches 1.5% within 20m near motor, it is necessary to shut down, withdraw from personnel, cut off
Power supply is handled；
When O.5m methane accumulation is greater than3/ min when concentration is greater than 2%, must stop working in neighbouring 20 m, withdraw from people
Member, cuts off the power and is handled；
The electrical equipment cut off the power due to permissible value as defined in gas density is more than, it is necessary to drop to l% in gas density
When following, machine can be started；Use the excavated surface of gas automatic detection warning breaker device, it is necessary to artificial telegram in reply；
Combined bolting and shotcrete is carried out after excavation in time, closing country rock, blocking rock gap prevent gas from continuing to escape；
After explosion, construction supporting applies in time, and lining cutting is perfused according to design by corrosion resistant concrete, impervious to be not less than P10,
Excavation face is closely followed in lining cutting, to close gas evolution in time；
When section enters exposed coal on tunnel, compressed-air self-help system should be set, first group of compressed-air self-help system is general away from working face
For 30-50m, one group is set every 50m later；
Blower spraying device should be arranged in coal seam location driving face, and float coal should water and be timely transported outside hole, prevent coal
Dust explosion；
Gas density is more than specified value, and the abundant discharge of Yao Jinhang gas, injects air quantity and ventilation time is intended to be protected
Card, it is ensured that gas others smooth discharge.
Concrete construction method:
It excavates:
When excavation, Advance Drilling, detonating repeatedly are adhered to, supporting at any time guarantees safe principle, and quick-fried operation is bored in gas work area
It should meet the following requirements:
Methane accumulation is avoided using smooth Surface Blasting Technology；Wet boring must be used；
The bursting work of gas work area must use permitted explosive for coal mine, and meet the following requirements:
1. present low gas work area rock stratum is tunneled, the permitted explosive for coal mine of level-one is not less than using security level;
2. present low gas work area exposed coal and coal seam, half coal seam driving, fried not less than the allowed for use in coal mines of second level using security level
Medicine；
3. the explosion of high methane work area is not less than the permitted explosive for coal mine of three-level using security level；
4. there is the location explosion of coal and gas prominent danger, it is aqueous not less than the allowed for use in coal mines of three-level fried using security level
Medicine；
5. being forbidden to use black powder and freezing, nitroglycerine explosive semi-frozen, same working face does not use two kinds not
With the explosive of kind；
6. the explosion of gas work area should use allowed for use in coal mines instant electric detonator or allowed for use in coal mines millisecond delay electric detonator, and use
The detonation of explosion-proof type exploder.Forbid using blasting cap, when using allowed for use in coal mines millisecond delay electric detonator, when the extension of final stage
Between must not exceed 130 ms；
7. the explosion of gas work area must use stemming to clog blasthole, choke material clay or non-automatic incombustible material.Blasthole
Powder charge and filling should be met the following requirements；
A, coal (rock) powder in blasthole is removed before powder charge；
B, when blast hole depth is less than 0.6 m, not charge explosion；In special circumstances, it is necessary to take safety measures and expire envelope big gun
Mud；
C, when blast hole depth is 0.6~1m, sealing clay length is no less than the 1/2 of blasthole length；Blast hole depth is greater than 1 m
When, sealing clay length is no less than 0.5m；When blast hole depth is greater than 2.5 m, sealing clay length is no less than 1 m；When photoface exploision, week
Blasthole application stemming envelope in side is real, and sealing clay length is not less than 0.3m；
D, when working face has 2 or 2 or more the scope of freedoms, minimum burden cannot be less than 0.5m in coal seam, in rock stratum
In cannot be less than 0.3m；When the big sillar of shallow eye charge explosion, O.3m minimum burden and sealing clay length cannot be less than；
E, when blasthole is blocked with water stemming material, remaining blasthole certain applications clay stemming envelope is real outside water stemming material, and length is not
Less than 0.3m；
F, checked there is a period of time of following situations not charge explosion before powder charge:
1. finding the rapid height of different shape, temperature is suddenly low, has significant gas evolution, coal petrography loosening etc. in blasthole；
2. plant, rock ballast, material for stacking in away from explosion place 20m etc. block 1/3 or more tunnel section；
3. face air volume is insufficient；
Before explosion, shot firing cable must twist together into short circuit, and coat insulating layer；
Supporting:
After gas tunnel Blasting Excavation, it should carry out setting up steelframe and shotcrete support in time, guarantee the peace of excavation section
It is complete to stablize；
Lining cutting:
Tunnel inside lining is constructed using monolithic concrete lining trolley, arch wall one-pass molding, and tunnel loopful seals when necessary
It closes and after the completion of tunnel cutting supporting, is respectively surveyed through construction monitoring using moisture separation device so as to gas discharge in longitudinal blind pipe
Transport ratio shown by examination project obviously slows down and basicly stable；The every displacement generated has reached estimated displacement
80%~90%;Horizontal convergence (near arch springing) rate, which is less than after 0.2mm/d or vault sinking rate are less than 0.15mm/d, carries out side
Wall and Arch lining construction.
Assemble behind the invention has the advantages that can avoid gas in lining cutting, can guarantee the operation security in tunnel, construction technology
Simply.
Specific embodiment:
Advance geologic prediction and the detection of advanced inspecting hole:
Geological Advanced Prediction is carried out using three kinds of conventional mapping, elastic wave reflex method TSP, Advance Drilling methods；
Coal-bearing strata carries out front roch layer interface forecast and drillhole validation, at least three φ using physical prospectings means such as seismic waves
89 ㎜ drill (at least one 75 ㎜ of φ of service gallery drilling), and simultaneously coring is verified for horizontal protruded drill hole；
In order to grasp front of tunnel heading geological state, verifies whether front crosses coal seam and general location, cross coal seam section and add
89 millimeters of φ, the advanced inspecting hole that length is 30m, each section set 6 holes, recycle every 25m mono-；
When encountering coal seam, when excavated surface is away from speculating that coal seam position is hung down away from 10m, it is necessary to grasp layer position, inclination angle, thickness
The ocurrences of coal seam situations such as degree, top (bottom) slate column, geological structure, provide reliably basic data for safe coal-openning, work as tunnel digging
At least five gas inspecting hole is beaten when proceeding to coal measure strata, aperture is 89 millimeters of φ (service gallery is 75 millimeters of φ), it is necessary to penetrate coal
Layer is complete thick, and enters floor strata and be not less than 0.5m, and borehole bottom location should control 5m or so outside excavation contour line；
Coal seam thickness is less than 30cm, when gas pressure is smaller, can not take outburst prevention measures, cooperate safety prevention measure, directly
It connects with Vibration shot exposed coal；
Gas concentration monitoring in hole is carried out using Portable Methane Detection Alarm；
Gas emphasis check point: excavated surface is distinguished and admirable, return, explosion place is nearby in distinguished and admirable in 20m and office
At portion's collapse and cave-in；The total return air in tunnel it is distinguished and admirable in；Nearby 20m is distinguished and admirable for portable blower and electric switch；Various Mobile workbenchs and machinery
In neighbouring 20m it is distinguished and admirable in；Near motor and switch；In tunnel cavern, such as the easy habitat of refuge chamber gas；Seam is close
Geology is crushed area；
Excavation face is tunneled to when having positioned roof and hanging down away from 5m, and top bar must beat at least two hole, and to penetrate coal seam entirely thick
Predicting Gas hole, 50 millimeters of aperture φ, get out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation be excavated to away from roof hang down away from 5m at, beat at least one pre- gaging hole, it is right
Coal seam and gas bearing condition, prominent possibility are predicted；
Face driving distance gas accumulates position and is less than at 3m, stops driving, has a fling at discharge orifice near hole gushing out, into
Row drawing-off gas, 90 ㎜ of discharge orifice diameter phi, discharge hole site according to Gas position, outburst amount, gush out pressure etc. and determine；
When seam inclination is small, coal seam is thick, primary emission drilling is too long, the angle of depression is excessive, segmentation branch can be used and repeatedly arrange
It puts, but the coal depth of wearing of bleeder off hole cannot be less than 1.0m for the first time；
Reinforce discharge working face and the supporting of excavation section before discharge orifice construction, prevents from collapsing and cause to protrude；
Pay attention to observing various abnormal conditions and dynamic phenomenon in discharge orifice work progress, when dynamic phenomenon is tight in the construction of certain hole
Weight can suspend hole construction, mend again after other holes have been constructed and bore the hole；
The hole gas density is detected after being often drilled a hole, carries out twice, grasping emission effect and amendment row daily later
Put the time；
Guarantee there is enough air quantity and wind speed in hole, the wind speed minimum of construction period continuous ventilating, gas location is not less than
1m/s, maximum are no more than 6.0m/s, when present low gas work area any place gas density is more than 0.5%, Ying Jiaqiang ventilation monitoring；
When distinguished and admirable middle gas density reaches 1% within 20m near the bursting work face, it is necessary to stop bore operation；When watt
When this concentration reaches 1.5%, it is necessary to stop all operations, withdraw from staff, cut off the power, takes measures to be handled, watt
This concentration reaches 3%, it is necessary to finish in 24 hours inner sealings；
When distinguished and admirable middle gas density reaches 1.5% within 20m near motor, it is necessary to shut down, withdraw from personnel, cut off
Power supply is handled；
When O.5m methane accumulation is greater than3/ min when concentration is greater than 2%, must stop working in neighbouring 20 m, withdraw from people
Member, cuts off the power and is handled；
The electrical equipment cut off the power due to permissible value as defined in gas density is more than, it is necessary to drop to l% in gas density
When following, machine can be started；Use the excavated surface of gas automatic detection warning breaker device, it is necessary to artificial telegram in reply；
Combined bolting and shotcrete is carried out after excavation in time, closing country rock, blocking rock gap prevent gas from continuing to escape；
After explosion, construction supporting applies in time, and lining cutting is perfused according to design by corrosion resistant concrete, impervious to be not less than P10,
Excavation face is closely followed in lining cutting, to close gas evolution in time；
When section enters exposed coal on tunnel, compressed-air self-help system should be set, first group of compressed-air self-help system is general away from working face
For 30-50m, one group is set every 50m later；
Blower spraying device should be arranged in coal seam location driving face, and float coal should water and be timely transported outside hole, prevent coal
Dust explosion；
Gas density is more than specified value, and the abundant discharge of Yao Jinhang gas, injects air quantity and ventilation time is intended to be protected
Card, it is ensured that gas others smooth discharge.
Concrete construction method:
It excavates:
When excavation, Advance Drilling, detonating repeatedly are adhered to, supporting at any time guarantees safe principle, and quick-fried operation is bored in gas work area
It should meet the following requirements:
Methane accumulation is avoided using smooth Surface Blasting Technology；Wet boring must be used；
The bursting work of gas work area must use permitted explosive for coal mine, and meet the following requirements:
1. present low gas work area rock stratum is tunneled, the permitted explosive for coal mine of level-one is not less than using security level;
2. present low gas work area exposed coal and coal seam, half coal seam driving, fried not less than the allowed for use in coal mines of second level using security level
Medicine；
3. the explosion of high methane work area is not less than the permitted explosive for coal mine of three-level using security level；
4. there is the location explosion of coal and gas prominent danger, it is aqueous not less than the allowed for use in coal mines of three-level fried using security level
Medicine；
5. being forbidden to use black powder and freezing, nitroglycerine explosive semi-frozen, same working face does not use two kinds not
With the explosive of kind；
6. the explosion of gas work area should use allowed for use in coal mines instant electric detonator or allowed for use in coal mines millisecond delay electric detonator, and use
The detonation of explosion-proof type exploder.Forbid using blasting cap, when using allowed for use in coal mines millisecond delay electric detonator, when the extension of final stage
Between must not exceed 130 ms；
7. the explosion of gas work area must use stemming to clog blasthole, choke material clay or non-automatic incombustible material.Blasthole
Powder charge and filling should be met the following requirements；
A, coal (rock) powder in blasthole is removed before powder charge；
B, when blast hole depth is less than 0.6 m, not charge explosion；In special circumstances, it is necessary to take safety measures and expire envelope big gun
Mud；
C, when blast hole depth is 0.6~1m, sealing clay length is no less than the 1/2 of blasthole length；Blast hole depth is greater than 1 m
When, sealing clay length is no less than 0.5m；When blast hole depth is greater than 2.5 m, sealing clay length is no less than 1 m；When photoface exploision, week
Blasthole application stemming envelope in side is real, and sealing clay length is not less than 0.3m；
D, when working face has 2 or 2 or more the scope of freedoms, minimum burden cannot be less than 0.5m in coal seam, in rock stratum
In cannot be less than 0.3m；When the big sillar of shallow eye charge explosion, O.3m minimum burden and sealing clay length cannot be less than；
E, when blasthole is blocked with water stemming material, remaining blasthole certain applications clay stemming envelope is real outside water stemming material, and length is not
Less than 0.3m；
F, checked there is a period of time of following situations not charge explosion before powder charge:
1. finding the rapid height of different shape, temperature is suddenly low, has significant gas evolution, coal petrography loosening etc. in blasthole；
2. plant, rock ballast, material for stacking in away from explosion place 20m etc. block 1/3 or more tunnel section；
3. face air volume is insufficient；
Before explosion, shot firing cable must twist together into short circuit, and coat insulating layer；
Supporting:
After gas tunnel Blasting Excavation, it should carry out setting up steelframe and shotcrete support in time, guarantee the peace of excavation section
It is complete to stablize；
Lining cutting:
Tunnel inside lining is constructed using monolithic concrete lining trolley, arch wall one-pass molding, and tunnel loopful seals when necessary
It closes and after the completion of tunnel cutting supporting, is respectively surveyed through construction monitoring using moisture separation device so as to gas discharge in longitudinal blind pipe
Transport ratio shown by examination project obviously slows down and basicly stable；The every displacement generated has reached estimated displacement
80%~90%;Horizontal convergence (near arch springing) rate, which is less than after 0.2mm/d or vault sinking rate are less than 0.15mm/d, carries out side
Wall and Arch lining construction.
Claims (1)
1. the construction technology of Tunnel Passing gas stratomere, it is characterized in that:
Advance geologic prediction and the detection of advanced inspecting hole:
Geological Advanced Prediction is carried out using three kinds of conventional mapping, elastic wave reflex method TSP, Advance Drilling methods；
Coal-bearing strata carries out front roch layer interface forecast using seismic wave physical prospecting means and drillhole validation, 89 ㎜ of at least three φ are bored
Hole, at least one 75 ㎜ of φ of service gallery drilling, simultaneously coring is verified for horizontal protruded drill hole；
In order to grasp front of tunnel heading geological state, verifies whether front crosses coal seam and general location, cross coal seam section and add φ 89
Millimeter, the advanced inspecting hole that length is 30m, each section set 6 holes, recycle every 25m mono-；
When encountering coal seam, when excavated surface is away from speculating that coal seam position is hung down away from 10m, it is necessary to grasp layer position, inclination angle, thickness, top
Slate column, geological structure ocurrence of coal seam situation, provide reliably basic data for safe coal-openning, when tunnel piercing to coal measure strata
When beat at least five gas inspecting hole, aperture is 89 millimeters of φ, it is necessary to it is entirely thick to penetrate coal seam, and is not less than into floor strata
0.5m, borehole bottom location should control the 5m outside excavation contour line；
Coal seam thickness is less than 30cm, when gas pressure is smaller, does not take outburst prevention measures, cooperates safety prevention measure, directly with shake
It is dynamic to blow out exposed coal；
Gas concentration monitoring in hole is carried out using Portable Methane Detection Alarm；
Gas emphasis check point: excavated surface is distinguished and admirable, return, nearby in distinguished and admirable in 20m and part is collapsed in explosion place
At Fang Maoding；The total return air in tunnel it is distinguished and admirable in；Nearby 20m is distinguished and admirable for portable blower and electric switch；Near various Mobile workbenchs and machinery
In 20m it is distinguished and admirable in；Near motor and switch；In tunnel cavern, such as the easy habitat of refuge chamber gas；Seam is broken close to geology
Broken area；
Excavation face is tunneled to when having positioned roof and hanging down away from 5m, and top bar must beat at least two hole and penetrate complete thick watt in coal seam
This pre- gaging hole, gets out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation to be excavated to and hang down at away from 5m away from roof, at least one pre- gaging hole is beaten, to coal seam by 50 millimeters of aperture φ
And gas bearing condition, prominent possibility are predicted；
Face driving distance gas accumulates position and is less than at 3m, stops driving, has a fling at discharge orifice near hole gushing out, progress watt
This discharge, 90 ㎜ of discharge orifice diameter phi, discharge hole site according to Gas position, outburst amount, gush out pressure and determine；
When seam inclination is small, coal seam is thick, primary emission drilling is too long, the angle of depression is excessive, using segmentation, branch is repeatedly discharged, but first
The coal depth of wearing of secondary bleeder off hole cannot be less than 1.0m；
Reinforce discharge working face and the supporting of excavation section before discharge orifice construction, prevents from collapsing and cause to protrude；
Pay attention to observing various abnormal conditions and dynamic phenomenon in discharge orifice work progress, when dynamic phenomenon is serious in the construction of certain hole,
Hole construction can be suspended, mended again after other holes have been constructed and bore the hole；
The hole gas density is detected after being often drilled a hole, is carried out daily later twice, when grasping emission effect and amendment discharge
Between；
Guaranteeing there is enough air quantity and wind speed in hole, the wind speed minimum of construction period continuous ventilating, gas location is not less than 1m/s,
Maximum is no more than 6.0m/s, when present low gas work area any place gas density is more than 0.5%, Ying Jiaqiang ventilation monitoring；
When distinguished and admirable middle gas density reaches 1% within 20m near the bursting work face, it is necessary to stop bore operation；When gas is dense
When degree reaches 1.5%, it is necessary to stop all operations, withdraw from staff, cut off the power, take measures to be handled, gas is dense
Degree reaches 3%, it is necessary to finish in 24 hours inner sealings；
When distinguished and admirable middle gas density reaches 1.5% within 20m near motor, it is necessary to shut down, withdraw from personnel, cut off the power
It is handled；
When methane accumulation is greater than 0.5m3/ min when concentration is greater than 2%, must stop working in neighbouring 20m, withdraw from personnel, cut off
Power supply is handled；
The electrical equipment cut off the power due to permissible value as defined in gas density is more than, it is necessary to drop to l% or less in gas density
When, machine can be started；Use the excavated surface of gas automatic detection warning breaker device, it is necessary to artificial telegram in reply；
Combined bolting and shotcrete is carried out after excavation in time, closing country rock, blocking rock gap prevent gas from continuing to escape；
After explosion, construction supporting applies in time, and lining cutting is perfused according to design by corrosion resistant concrete, impervious to be not less than P10, lining cutting
Immediately following excavation face, to close gas evolution in time；
When section enters exposed coal on tunnel, compressed-air self-help system should be set, first group of compressed-air self-help system is 30-50m away from working face,
One group is set every 50m later；
Blower spraying device should be arranged in coal seam location driving face, and float coal should water and be timely transported outside hole, prevent coal dust quick-fried
It is fried；
Gas density is more than specified value, and the abundant discharge of Yao Jinhang gas, injects air quantity and ventilation time is intended to be guaranteed, really
Protect gas others smooth discharge；
Concrete construction method:
It excavates:
When excavation, Advance Drilling, detonating repeatedly are adhered to, supporting at any time guarantees safe principle, and gas work area is bored quick-fried operation and should be accorded with
Close following regulation:
Methane accumulation is avoided using smooth Surface Blasting Technology；Wet boring must be used；
The bursting work of gas work area must use permitted explosive for coal mine, and meet the following requirements:
1. present low gas work area rock stratum is tunneled, the permitted explosive for coal mine of level-one is not less than using security level；
2. present low gas work area exposed coal and coal seam, half coal seam driving, the permitted explosive for coal mine of second level is not less than using security level；
3. the explosion of high methane work area is not less than the permitted explosive for coal mine of three-level using security level；
4. there is the location explosion of coal and gas prominent danger, the allowed for use in coal mines water-based explosive of three-level is not less than using security level；
5. being forbidden to use black powder and freezing, nitroglycerine explosive semi-frozen, same working face is without using two kinds of different product
The explosive of kind；
6. the explosion of gas work area should use allowed for use in coal mines instant electric detonator or allowed for use in coal mines millisecond delay electric detonator, and using explosion-proof
The detonation of type exploder；Forbid using blasting cap, when using allowed for use in coal mines millisecond delay electric detonator, the extension time of final stage is not
It obtains more than 130ms；
7. the explosion of gas work area must use stemming to clog blasthole, choke material clay or non-automatic incombustible material；The powder charge of blasthole
And filling should be met the following requirements；
A, the coal dust in blasthole is removed before powder charge；
B, when blast hole depth is less than 0.6m, not charge explosion；In special circumstances, it is necessary to take safety measures and expire envelope stemming；
C, when blast hole depth is 0.6~1m, sealing clay length is no less than the 1/2 of blasthole length；When blast hole depth is greater than 1m, sealing clay
Length is no less than 0.5m；When blast hole depth is greater than 2.5m, sealing clay length is no less than 1m；When photoface exploision, periphery blasthole is answered
It is sealed in fact with stemming, and sealing clay length is not less than 0.3m；
D, when working face has 2 or more the scope of freedoms, minimum burden cannot be less than 0.5m in coal seam, cannot be less than in rock stratum
0.3m；When the big sillar of shallow eye charge explosion, minimum burden and sealing clay length cannot be less than 0.3m；
E, when blasthole is blocked with water stemming material, remaining blasthole certain applications clay stemming envelope is real outside water stemming material, and length is not less than
0.3m；
F, checked there is a period of time of following situations not charge explosion before powder charge:
1. the rapid height of the different shape of discovery, temperature is suddenly low in blasthole, has significant gas evolution, coal petrography to loosen；
2. the plant stacked in away from explosion place 20m, rock ballast, material block 1/3 or more tunnel section；
3. face air volume is insufficient；
Before explosion, shot firing cable must twist together into short circuit, and coat insulating layer；
Supporting:
It after gas tunnel Blasting Excavation, should carry out setting up steelframe and shotcrete support in time, guarantee that the safety of excavation section is steady
It is fixed；
Lining cutting:
Tunnel inside lining is constructed using monolithic concrete lining trolley, arch wall one-pass molding, and tunnel loopful is closed and in longitudinal direction
Blind pipe uses moisture separation device, so as to gas discharge, after the completion of tunnel cutting supporting, shows through each test item of construction monitoring
The transport ratio shown obviously slows down and basicly stable；The every displacement generated has reached the 80%~90% of estimated displacement；
Horizontal convergence rate is less than 0.2mm/d or vault sinking rate is less than progress abutment wall and Arch lining construction after 0.15mm/d.
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| CN110043307B (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2020-12-08 | 中铁四局集团有限公司 | Tidal basin biogas release method |
| CN110306987B (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2021-05-25 | 中铁十二局集团有限公司 | Drainage tunnel coal uncovering and outburst prevention construction method |
| CN111119983B (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2021-07-02 | 中铁六局集团天津铁路建设有限公司 | Gas spraying and burning treatment method in tunnel excavation process |
| CN112377243B (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2022-12-02 | 中铁十九局集团第二工程有限公司 | Outburst prevention construction method for coal and gas outburst tunnel |
| CN114739248A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-07-12 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司 | Charging method for horizontal hole in underground mine fractured rock mass |
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| CN103696806B (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2015-11-11 | 中铁八局集团有限公司 | Gas tunnel prevention and controls and system thereof |
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