CN108191457A - 一种抗腐蚀耐火砖及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种抗腐蚀耐火砖及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108191457A
CN108191457A CN201810200004.2A CN201810200004A CN108191457A CN 108191457 A CN108191457 A CN 108191457A CN 201810200004 A CN201810200004 A CN 201810200004A CN 108191457 A CN108191457 A CN 108191457A
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王虎
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Hefei Ming Yu High Temperature Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种抗腐蚀耐火砖及其制备方法,由以下重量份原料制成:刚玉粉15‑30份、氧化锆微粉20‑40份、氧化铝微粉3‑10份、碳化硅微粉6‑12份、石墨烯4‑8份、萤石粉1‑3份、硅石粉2‑6份、耐火粘土2‑5份、有机纤维3‑8份、结合剂0.5‑3.5份、减水剂0.4‑1.2份、发泡剂2‑6份和去离子水40‑60份。该抗腐蚀耐火砖经混合、发泡、高温烧成等工艺制备而成。本发明的抗腐蚀耐火砖,抗熔渣、碱金属侵蚀性能强,且性能优良,耐冲刷、隔热保温性能优异、高温体积稳定性好。

Description

一种抗腐蚀耐火砖及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及耐火材料技术领域,具体涉及一种抗腐蚀耐火砖及其制备方法。
背景技术
耐火砖是用耐火黏土或其他耐火原料烧制成的具有一定形状和尺寸的耐火材料,淡黄色或褐色,耐1580℃-1770℃的高温,主要用于砌冶炼炉。按制备工艺方法来划分可分为烧成砖、不烧砖、电熔砖、耐火隔热砖;按形状和尺寸可分为标准型砖、普通砖、特异型砖等。耐火砖可用作建筑窑炉和各种热工设备的高温建筑材料和结构材料,并在高温下能经受各种物理化学变化和机械作用。耐火砖包括耐火粘土砖、高铝砖、硅砖、镁砖等。
目前,市面上的耐火砖存在抗压强度低、耐火性差、抗腐蚀性差等问题,使用时容易损坏,使用寿命短。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的不足,提供一种抗腐蚀耐火砖,抗熔渣、碱金属侵蚀性能强,且性能优良,耐冲刷、隔热保温性能优异、高温体积稳定性好。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种抗腐蚀耐火砖,由以下重量份原料制成:刚玉粉15-30份、氧化锆微粉20-40份、氧化铝微粉3-10份、碳化硅微粉6-12份、石墨烯4-8份、萤石粉1-3份、硅石粉2-6份、耐火粘土2-5份、有机纤维3-8份、结合剂0.5-3.5份、减水剂0.4-1.2份、发泡剂2-6份和去离子水40-60份。
其中,由以下重量份原料制成:刚玉粉22.5份、氧化锆微粉30份、氧化铝微粉6.5份、碳化硅微粉9份、石墨烯6份、萤石粉2份、硅石粉4份、耐火粘土3.5份、有机纤维5.5份、结合剂1.5份、减水剂0.8份、发泡剂4份和去离子水50份。
其中,所述耐火粘土为重量比为1:0.4-2.2的三氧化二铝和二氧化硅粉的混合物。
其中,所述有机纤维为聚乙烯纤维或聚丙烯纤维中一种或两种任意比例的混合物。
其中,所述结合剂为纯铝酸酯水泥。
其中,所述减水剂为聚羧酸、聚磷酸盐或分散氧化铝系高效减水剂中的一种或几种任意比例的混合。
其中,所述发泡剂为十二烷基磺酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠或仲烷基磺酸钠。
本发明还提供了一种抗腐蚀耐火砖的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按照配比称取刚玉粉、氧化锆微粉、氧化铝微粉、碳化硅微粉、石墨烯、萤石粉、硅石粉和耐火粘土,粉碎成200-300目的细粉,得到混合粉料A;
(2)将混合料A加入去离子水中,并加入结合剂、减水剂、有机纤维,混合均匀得到浆料B;
(3)称取发泡剂,将发泡剂与水按1:10-15的比例混合,发泡,得到泡沫C;
(4)将步骤(2)得到的浆料B与步骤(3)得到的泡沫C混合均匀,然后注入模具中浇注成砖坯,将砖坯干燥,然后装入高温炉,烧成,即得抗腐蚀耐火砖。
其中,所述步骤(4)中砖坯干燥分两段进行,第一段为低温干燥,干燥温度20-30℃,干燥20-30h;第二段为高温干燥,干燥温度为100-120℃,干燥时间18-24h,干燥后砖坯水分质量含量控制在3-5%。
其中,述步骤(4)中高温烧成条件: 于1300-1400℃高温下保温3-5h。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下的有益效果:
(1)本发明的高强轻质隔热耐火砖,以刚玉粉、氧化锆微粉、氧化铝微粉、碳化硅微粉、石墨烯、萤石粉、硅石粉、耐火粘土、有机纤维为主要成分,通过加入结合剂、减水剂、发泡剂等辅助成分,辅以混合、发泡、高温烧成等工艺,使得制备的抗腐蚀耐火砖性能优良,耐冲刷、隔热保温性能优异、高温体积稳定性好,且生产成本低,能够满足行业的要求,具有较好的应用前景。
(2)本发明的抗腐蚀耐火砖,大量利用刚玉粉、氧化锆微粉、氧化铝微粉、碳化硅微粉、石墨烯等副产品,实现了刚玉粉、氧化锆微粉、氧化铝微粉、碳化硅微粉、石墨烯的有效利用,使得制得产品具有强度高、导热系数低、高温重烧线变化率低等优点,产品性能优于同类产品,达到了相关产品的国家标准。
(3)本发明通过加入少量的有机纤维,在高温使用过程中会形成微小的空隙,能够放置浇注料的炸裂。
(4)本发明产品与现有产品相比,工艺简单,成本低,产品性能明显改善, 生产的耐火砖可用于各种热工设备隔热层、耐火层,达到节能、耐火的双重作用,有利于推广应用。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
一种抗腐蚀耐火砖,由以下重量份原料制成:刚玉粉15份、氧化锆微粉20份、氧化铝微粉3份、碳化硅微粉6份、石墨烯4份、萤石粉1份、硅石粉2份、耐火粘土2份、有机纤维3份、结合剂0.5份、减水剂0.4份、发泡剂2份和去离子水40份。
其中,所述耐火粘土为重量比为1:0.4的三氧化二铝和二氧化硅粉的混合物。
其中,所述有机纤维为聚乙烯纤维或聚丙烯纤维中一种或两种任意比例的混合物。
其中,所述结合剂为纯铝酸酯水泥。
其中,所述减水剂为聚羧酸、聚磷酸盐或分散氧化铝系高效减水剂中的一种或几种任意比例的混合。
其中,所述发泡剂为十二烷基磺酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠或仲烷基磺酸钠。
本发明还提供了一种抗腐蚀耐火砖的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按照配比称取刚玉粉、氧化锆微粉、氧化铝微粉、碳化硅微粉、石墨烯、萤石粉、硅石粉和耐火粘土,粉碎成200-300目的细粉,得到混合粉料A;
(2)将混合料A加入去离子水中,并加入结合剂、减水剂、有机纤维,混合均匀得到浆料B;
(3)称取发泡剂,将发泡剂与水按1:10的比例混合,发泡,得到泡沫C;
(4)将步骤(2)得到的浆料B与步骤(3)得到的泡沫C混合均匀,然后注入模具中浇注成砖坯,将砖坯干燥,然后装入高温炉,烧成,即得抗腐蚀耐火砖。
其中,所述步骤(4)中砖坯干燥分两段进行,第一段为低温干燥,干燥温度20℃,干燥20-30h;第二段为高温干燥,干燥温度为100℃,干燥时间18h,干燥后砖坯水分质量含量控制在3-5%。
其中,述步骤(4)中高温烧成条件: 于1300℃高温下保温3h。
实施例2
一种抗腐蚀耐火砖,由以下重量份原料制成:刚玉粉30份、氧化锆微粉40份、氧化铝微粉10份、碳化硅微粉12份、石墨烯8份、萤石粉3份、硅石粉6份、耐火粘土5份、有机纤维8份、结合剂3.5份、减水剂1.2份、发泡剂6份和去离子水60份。
其中,所述耐火粘土为重量比为1:2.2的三氧化二铝和二氧化硅粉的混合物。
其中,所述有机纤维为聚乙烯纤维或聚丙烯纤维中一种或两种任意比例的混合物。
其中,所述结合剂为纯铝酸酯水泥。
其中,所述减水剂为聚羧酸、聚磷酸盐或分散氧化铝系高效减水剂中的一种或几种任意比例的混合。
其中,所述发泡剂为十二烷基磺酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠或仲烷基磺酸钠。
本发明还提供了一种抗腐蚀耐火砖的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按照配比称取刚玉粉、氧化锆微粉、氧化铝微粉、碳化硅微粉、石墨烯、萤石粉、硅石粉和耐火粘土,粉碎成200-300目的细粉,得到混合粉料A;
(2)将混合料A加入去离子水中,并加入结合剂、减水剂、有机纤维,混合均匀得到浆料B;
(3)称取发泡剂,将发泡剂与水按1:15的比例混合,发泡,得到泡沫C;
(4)将步骤(2)得到的浆料B与步骤(3)得到的泡沫C混合均匀,然后注入模具中浇注成砖坯,将砖坯干燥,然后装入高温炉,烧成,即得抗腐蚀耐火砖。
其中,所述步骤(4)中砖坯干燥分两段进行,第一段为低温干燥,干燥温度30℃,干燥30h;第二段为高温干燥,干燥温度为120℃,干燥时间24h,干燥后砖坯水分质量含量控制在3-5%。
其中,述步骤(4)中高温烧成条件:于1400℃高温下保温5h。
实施例3
一种抗腐蚀耐火砖,由以下重量份原料制成:刚玉粉22.5份、氧化锆微粉30份、氧化铝微粉6.5份、碳化硅微粉9份、石墨烯6份、萤石粉2份、硅石粉4份、耐火粘土3.5份、有机纤维5.5份、结合剂1.5份、减水剂0.8份、发泡剂4份和去离子水50份。
其中,所述耐火粘土为重量比为1:0.8的三氧化二铝和二氧化硅粉的混合物。
其中,所述有机纤维为聚乙烯纤维或聚丙烯纤维中一种或两种任意比例的混合物。
其中,所述结合剂为纯铝酸酯水泥。
其中,所述减水剂为聚羧酸、聚磷酸盐或分散氧化铝系高效减水剂中的一种或几种任意比例的混合。
其中,所述发泡剂为十二烷基磺酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠或仲烷基磺酸钠。
本发明还提供了一种抗腐蚀耐火砖的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按照配比称取刚玉粉、氧化锆微粉、氧化铝微粉、碳化硅微粉、石墨烯、萤石粉、硅石粉和耐火粘土,粉碎成200-300目的细粉,得到混合粉料A;
(2)将混合料A加入去离子水中,并加入结合剂、减水剂、有机纤维,混合均匀得到浆料B;
(3)称取发泡剂,将发泡剂与水按1:12.5的比例混合,发泡,得到泡沫C;
(4)将步骤(2)得到的浆料B与步骤(3)得到的泡沫C混合均匀,然后注入模具中浇注成砖坯,将砖坯干燥,然后装入高温炉,烧成,即得抗腐蚀耐火砖。
其中,所述步骤(4)中砖坯干燥分两段进行,第一段为低温干燥,干燥温度25℃,干燥20-30h;第二段为高温干燥,干燥温度为110℃,干燥时间21h,干燥后砖坯水分质量含量控制在3-5%。
其中,述步骤(4)中高温烧成条件:于1350℃高温下保温4h。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,本发明的保护范围并不仅局限于上述实施例,凡属于本发明思路下的技术方案均属于本发明的保护范围。应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理前提下的若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种抗腐蚀耐火砖,其特征在于,由以下重量份原料制成:刚玉粉15-30份、氧化锆微粉20-40份、氧化铝微粉3-10份、碳化硅微粉6-12份、石墨烯4-8份、萤石粉1-3份、硅石粉2-6份、耐火粘土2-5份、有机纤维3-8份、结合剂0.5-3.5份、减水剂0.4-1.2份、发泡剂2-6份和去离子水40-60份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抗腐蚀耐火砖,其特征在于,由以下重量份原料制成:刚玉粉22.5份、氧化锆微粉30份、氧化铝微粉6.5份、碳化硅微粉9份、石墨烯6份、萤石粉2份、硅石粉4份、耐火粘土3.5份、有机纤维5.5份、结合剂1.5份、减水剂0.8份、发泡剂4份和去离子水50份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的抗腐蚀耐火砖,其特征在于,所述耐火粘土为重量比为1:0.4-2.2的三氧化二铝和二氧化硅粉的混合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的抗腐蚀耐火砖,其特征在于,所述有机纤维为聚乙烯纤维或聚丙烯纤维中一种或两种任意比例的混合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的抗腐蚀耐火砖,其特征在于,所述结合剂为纯铝酸酯水泥。
6.根据权利要求1所述的抗腐蚀耐火砖,其特征在于,所述减水剂为聚羧酸、聚磷酸盐或分散氧化铝系高效减水剂中的一种或几种任意比例的混合。
7.根据权利要求1所述的抗腐蚀耐火砖,其特征在于,所述发泡剂为十二烷基磺酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠或仲烷基磺酸钠。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的抗腐蚀耐火砖的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)按照配比称取刚玉粉、氧化锆微粉、氧化铝微粉、碳化硅微粉、石墨烯、萤石粉、硅石粉和耐火粘土,粉碎成200-300目的细粉,得到混合粉料A;
(2)将混合料A加入去离子水中,并加入结合剂、减水剂、有机纤维,混合均匀得到浆料B;
(3)称取发泡剂,将发泡剂与水按1:10-15的比例混合,发泡,得到泡沫C;
(4)将步骤(2)得到的浆料B与步骤(3)得到的泡沫C混合均匀,然后注入模具中浇注成砖坯,将砖坯干燥,然后装入高温炉,烧成,即得抗腐蚀耐火砖。
9.根据权利要求8所述的抗腐蚀耐火砖的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)中砖坯干燥分两段进行,第一段为低温干燥,干燥温度20-30℃,干燥20-30h;第二段为高温干燥,干燥温度为100-120℃,干燥时间18-24h,干燥后砖坯水分质量含量控制在3-5%。
10.根据权利要求8所述的抗腐蚀耐火砖的制备方法,其特征在于,述步骤(4)中高温烧成条件: 于1300-1400℃高温下保温3-5h。
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