CN108188336A - A kind of engine piston connecting rod precision hot-working method - Google Patents
A kind of engine piston connecting rod precision hot-working method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108188336A CN108188336A CN201711473437.7A CN201711473437A CN108188336A CN 108188336 A CN108188336 A CN 108188336A CN 201711473437 A CN201711473437 A CN 201711473437A CN 108188336 A CN108188336 A CN 108188336A
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- connecting rod
- engine piston
- piston connecting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/76—Making machine elements elements not mentioned in one of the preceding groups
- B21K1/766—Connecting rods
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
- B21C25/02—Dies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K29/00—Arrangements for heating or cooling during processing
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of engine piston connecting rod precision hot-working methods, belong to metal material Technology of Plastic Processing field.It includes：Step S101, round billet heats；Step S102, accurate preforming group technology：The first step uses gathering stock technique；Second step uses box variable cross-section pass transverse rolling moulding process；Third step carries out the blank after rolling flattening molding using flattening mode, obtains the blank of accurate obliterated extrusion；Step S103, double action occlusion precise extrusion molding.Using accurate preforming group technology, the technique includes gathering stock technique, box variable cross-section pass transverse rolling moulding process, flattening and occlusion precise extrusion molding technique, realize the accurate thermo forming of engine piston connecting rod, the strength and stiffness of engine piston connecting rod are satisfied by requirement, wherein the microcephaly of engine piston connecting rod, shaft and big area of bed are close to finished size, the utilization of material reaches more than 98%, compared to existing open die forging, impressing forging, significantly improves stock utilization.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal material Technology of Plastic Processing field, more specifically to a kind of engine piston connecting rod
Accurate hot-working method.
Background technology
Engine piston connecting rod is the core component of automobile engine, belongs to axis class load bearing element.Engine piston connecting rod
Function be connection piston and bent axle, the reciprocating motion of piston is changed into the rotary motion of bent axle, and the power that piston is born
It is transmitted to bent axle.Engine piston connecting rod is generally made of microcephaly, shaft and major part three parts, as shown in Figure 1, small end of connecting rod and work
Plug pin is connected, and has relative motion between pin during work, has bushing in small head bore, aperture is drilled on the microcephaly of connecting rod and bushing
(oil duct), for lubricating microcephaly and piston pin；Connecting rod shank is commonly made to I-shaped section, in the hope of increasing its strength and stiffness.
There is glossy grease way therebetween；Big end is connected with the crank-pin of bent axle, and major part generally makees dissection type, by separated portion
Divide and be known as connecting rod cap, connect special connecting-rod bolts and be fastened on the major part of connecting rod, connecting rod cap is to combine to bore a hole with big end, is
Loading error is prevented, has pairing mark in the same side, major part hole surface has very high finish, so as to close with connecting rod bearing shell
Fitting.
The hot-working production method of engine piston connecting rod mainly has casting die, hot die forming and powder metallurgy at present at present
Method.Wherein：(1) die cast process, for example, it is entitled：Connecting rod pressure casting method, application No. is 201611084684.3 China
Patent, this method include the following steps：S1：Make blank；S2：Quantitative taking；S3：Die casting；S4：De- material.And it above-mentioned is cast into
The engine piston connecting rod material of type method is based on aluminium alloy, and there are loose, shrinkage cavity, crackles for engine piston connecting rod interior tissue
The defects of, in addition connecting rod due to working environment it is more severe, in the state that is hit for a long time, connecting rod is easy to tired folding occur
It is disconnected；Casting die production process generates a large amount of wastes simultaneously, also more serious to the pollution of environment.(2) hot die forming method, such as title
For：Engine link forging, application No. is 201010608708.7 Chinese patent, which is：Blanking-add
(pulling, the Ith finish-forging and the IIth finish forge)-trimming-the III correction of heat-die forging and pressure-sizing-heat treatment-cleaning-inspection；For another example title
For：A kind of precision forging technique for cracking connection rod, application No. is 200810051258.9 Chinese patent, technique is：A. it is smart
Close shearing blanking；B. Frequency Induction Heating；C. Simulation Based On Multi-step roller forging sheet stamping；D. precision die forging；E. forcing press trimming, correction；F. it is empty
Cold treatment；G. Shot Blasting；H.CS is examined；J. fluorescent penetrating inspection；K. pressure sizing through screw press；L. weightometer is weighed；M. final inspection.
And the engine piston connecting rod material of Yi Shang hot die forming method is based on carbon steel, it is preforming to be pulled out using roll forging, cross wedge rolling or rolling, eventually
Using open die forging, impressing forging, the performance quality of this method manufacture workpiece is reliable for forging, but stock utilization was being manufactured 80% or so
A large amount of thermal energy is needed in journey, energy loss is big；Due to open working condition, working site low environmental quality.(3) powder smelting
Gold uses compacting, sinter molding method, such as entitled：A kind of method of engine link power forging, application No. is
201310481757.2 Chinese patent, this method includes：Step 1：Make similar figures powder prefabricated blank；Step 2：It forges prefabricated
Base, connecting rod material are configured using various alloy powders.This method can manufacture the connecting rod of special property and material, but powder smelting
Than the difference of forging, intensity uses to be limited, therefore application range is small the obdurability of the engine piston connecting rod of golden method.
Invention content
1. it to solve the problems, such as
For in prior art hot die forming method, preforming to be pulled out using roll forging, cross wedge rolling or rolling, finish-forging uses open die
The problem of forging, causing stock utilization low, the present invention provide a kind of engine piston connecting rod precision hot-working method, and this method exists
Novel forming ways and means are employed in preforming and finish forging technique, improve stock utilization, realize the precision of connecting rod
Plastic forming is processed, and improves the quality of connecting rod product.
The present invention also provides a kind of engine piston connecting rods obtained by the above method, reduce the interior tissue contracting of connecting rod
The defects of hole, crackle, enhances the impact resistance of connecting rod, prolongs the service life.
2. technical solution
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows：
The engine piston connecting rod precision hot-working method of the present invention is carried out including step in detail below：
Step S101, round billet heats：After the accurate blanking of engine piston connecting rod round billet, the circle based on carbon steel is made by heating
The forging temperature of base is controlled in the range of hot forging temperature, and hot forging temperature is 1100-1200 DEG C；
Step S102, accurate preforming group technology：
The first step uses gathering stock technique, and using forcing press, the isometrical round billet of heating is made a stairstepping round billet；
Second step uses box variable cross-section pass transverse rolling moulding process, round billet original dimension and the initial ruler of roll-box type hole type
Very little consistent, round billet is after the initial pass of roll is placed in, two rolls equidirectional rotation under dynamical system driving, in roll rotation
In the process, continuous progressive pass deforms round billet radial compression, axial tension, and the backwards rotation under the action of moment of friction,
When roller rotational half cycle, the accurate distribution of stock volume is completed；
Third step carries out the blank after rolling flattening molding using flattening mode, obtains the blank needed for accurate obliterated extrusion
Shape；
Step S103, double action occlusion precise extrusion molding：Blank after will be preforming is put into double action Extruding die, is completed
The near-net-shape of connecting rod obtains the net-size forging of engine piston connecting rod.
In a kind of possible embodiment of the present invention, in step S101, the heating is using Frequency Induction Heating
Method,
In a kind of possible embodiment of the present invention, in step s 102, the quantity of the roll is a pair of, roll
It is equipped with the initial pass and final pasxs consistent with round billet appearance profile.Initial pass and final pasxs phase difference 180
Degree.
In the present invention a kind of possible embodiment in, in step s 103, the Extruding die include upper cavity die, under
Cavity plate, upper male mould and lower punch, wherein upper cavity die, lower cavity die dock to form cavity, and the volume of cavity is slightly larger than or equal to connecting rod
The volume and upper male mould and lower punch of blank stretch into the volume of cavity, and upper male mould is with top and upper cavity die, and lower punch is under
Side coordinates with lower punch.
In the present invention a kind of possible embodiment in, in step s 103, will be preforming after blank be put into double action
In the cavity of Extruding die, after upper cavity die synthesizes an entirety with lower cavity die, blank is carried out by upper male mould, lower punch opposite
Extrusion forming, when upper male mould, lower punch are expressed to limit point, after extrusion process, upper cavity die, lower cavity die are separated, convex
Mould, lower punch are detached with blank, and extrusion forming connecting rod is then taken out from recessed model cavity.
In a kind of possible embodiment of the present invention, step S104, shaping are further included：It is squeezed what step S103 was obtained
Molded part carries out pressure-sizing shaping again, and the knuckle of connecting rod part, type face and groove are expressed to required product ruler
Very little precision, and flatness is improved, obtain end product forging's block dimension.
In a kind of possible embodiment of the present invention, step S105, punching are further included：Connecting rod after shaping is forged
Part, then be punched out and trimming.
In a kind of possible embodiment of the present invention, step S106, heat treatment are further included：According to product material and group
Performance requirement is knitted, formulates corresponding heat treatment process, carries out heat treatment process.
3. advantageous effect
Compared with the prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are：
(1) engine piston connecting rod precision hot-working method of the invention, using accurate preforming group technology and occlusion
Precise extrusion is molded.The technique includes gathering stock technique, box variable cross-section pass transverse rolling moulding process, flattening and extruding, real
Showing the accurate thermo forming of engine piston connecting rod, the strength and stiffness of engine piston connecting rod are satisfied by requirement,
Wherein close to finished size, the utilization of material reaches more than 98% for the microcephaly of engine piston connecting rod, shaft and big area of bed,
Compared to existing open die forging, impressing forging, stock utilization is significantly improved；
(2) engine piston connecting rod precision hot-working method of the invention, using induction heating mode, can make round billet temperature
Rapid heating, and can guarantee the uniformity of heating, it avoids generating overheat, burning, the plastic fluidity of round billet is good, is conducive to base
Expect the accurate distribution of volume；
(3) engine piston connecting rod precision hot-working method of the invention, the Extruding die used include upper cavity die, under
Cavity plate, upper male mould and lower punch, wherein upper cavity die, lower cavity die dock to form cavity, and the volume of cavity is slightly larger than or equal to connecting rod
The volume and upper male mould and lower punch of blank stretch into the volume of cavity, effectively Extruding die are avoided to be racked by blank；
(4) engine piston connecting rod precision hot-working method of the invention, the base that double action occlusion precise extrusion is molded
Part, local interim size is larger, the blank shape after extruding is made to reach finish forge size by shaping, while improve the table of forging
Face quality；
(5) engine piston connecting rod precision hot-working method of the invention, it is easy to accomplish.
Description of the drawings
Technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to drawings and examples, but should
Know, these attached drawings are only designed for task of explanation, therefore not as the restriction of the scope of the invention.In addition, except non-specifically
It points out, these attached drawings are meant only to conceptually illustrate structure construction described herein, without to be drawn to scale.
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of inventive engine piston rod；
Fig. 2 is inventive engine piston rod precision hot-working method flow chart；
Fig. 3 is the box variable cross-section pass transverse rolling operation principle schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the side view of Fig. 3；
Fig. 5 is the accurate double action obliterated extrusion shaping schematic view of the present invention.
Description of symbols in figure：
1st, roll；110th, initial pass；120th, final pasxs；2nd, Extruding die；210th, upper cavity die；220th, lower cavity die；
230th, upper male mould；240th, lower punch；250th, cavity；3rd, blank.
Specific embodiment
Hereafter to the detailed description of exemplary embodiment of the present invention with reference to attached drawing, which forms one of description
Point, it has been shown as example enforceable exemplary embodiment of the invention in the figure.Although these exemplary embodiment quilts
Fully describe in detail so that those skilled in the art can implement the present invention, it is to be understood that can realize other embodiment and
Can without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention to the present invention various changes can be made.Hereafter to the embodiment of the present invention
More detailed description is not limited to required the scope of the present invention, and just to be illustrated and do not limit pair
The description of the features of the present invention and feature, to propose to perform the best mode of the present invention, and be sufficient to make those skilled in the art
It can implement the present invention.Therefore, the scope of the invention is only defined by the appended claims.
Hereafter detailed description of the present invention and example embodiment can be more fully understood with reference to attached drawing, wherein the present invention
Element and feature are identified by reference numeral.
Embodiment 1
The structure diagram of inventive engine piston rod as shown in Figure 1, engine piston connecting rod is by microcephaly, shaft
It is formed with major part three parts, connecting rod shank is commonly made to I-shaped section.
The present embodiment engine piston connecting rod precision hot-working method flow chart as shown in Figure 2, including walking in detail below
It is rapid to carry out：
Step S101, round billet heats：After the accurate blanking of engine piston connecting rod round billet, by Frequency Induction Heating, make with
Carbon steel is controlled for the forging temperature of main round billet in the range of hot forging temperature, and hot forging temperature is 1100-1200 DEG C；
Step S102, accurate preforming group technology：
The first step uses gathering stock technique, and using forcing press, the isometrical round billet of heating is made a stairstepping round billet；
Second step uses box variable cross-section pass transverse rolling moulding process, and as shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, the quantity of roll is a pair,
Two roll structure shapes are consistent and are oppositely arranged, and roll is equipped with the initial pass consistent with round billet appearance profile and finish to gauge
Pass；The core innovative point of the present invention is box variable cross-section pass transverse rolling moulding process, has abandoned existing open die forging, impressing forging base
Method, since the round billet mobility of sensing heating is preferable, under the conditions of cross rolling process, it is initial that the present inventor designs round billet
Size is consistent with roll-box type hole type original dimension, and after the initial pass of roll is placed in, two rolls drive round billet in dynamical system
Equidirectional rotation under dynamic, during roll rotation, continuous progressive pass deforms round billet radial compression, axial tension, and
Backwards rotation under the action of moment of friction when roller rotational half cycle, completes the accurate distribution of stock volume；
Third step carries out the blank after rolling flattening molding using flattening mode, obtains the blank needed for accurate obliterated extrusion
Shape；
Step S103, double action occlusion precise extrusion molding：Blank after will be preforming is put into double action Extruding die, here
It should be noted that it is known that forging geometry, dimensional accuracy and the surface quality of closed die forging approach to the maximum extent
Product eliminates overlap, and compared with open die forging, impressing forging, closed die forging can greatly improve the utilization rate of metal material, however at this
In the process of invention, since blank can flow around in extrusion process, according to closed die forging method it will cause
Mold is burst, therefore inventor changes existing closed die forging method, using obliterated extrusion die forging method, as shown in Figure 5.
Wherein Extruding die includes upper cavity die, lower cavity die, upper male mould and lower punch, wherein upper cavity die, lower cavity die docking shape
Forming cavity, the volume of cavity is slightly larger than or the volume equal to connecting rod blank and upper male mould and lower punch stretch into the volume of cavity, on
Punch-pin is with top and upper cavity die, and lower punch is with lower section and lower cavity die；The near-net-shape of connecting rod is completed, obtains engine
The net-size forging of piston rod.
Blank after will be preforming is put into the cavity of double action Extruding die, and an entirety is synthesized with lower cavity die in upper cavity die
Afterwards, opposite extrusion forming is carried out to blank by upper male mould, lower punch, when upper male mould, lower punch are expressed to limit point, squeezed
After journey, upper cavity die, lower cavity die are separated, and upper male mould, lower punch are detached with blank, then take out and squeeze from recessed model cavity
It is molded connecting rod；
Step S104, shaping：The extruded profile that step S103 is obtained carries out pressure-sizing shaping again, by connecting rod part
Knuckle, type face and groove are expressed to required product size precision, and improve flatness, obtain end product forging ruler
It is very little；
Step S105, it is punched：To the connecting rod forging after shaping, then it is punched out and trimming；
Step S106, it is heat-treated：According to product material and structure property requirement, corresponding heat treatment process is formulated, is carried out
Heat treatment process.
Schematically the present invention and embodiments thereof are described above, this describes no restricted, institute in attached drawing
What is shown is also one of embodiments of the present invention, and practical structure is not limited thereto.So if common skill of this field
Art personnel are enlightened by it, without departing from the spirit of the invention, are not inventively designed and the technical solution
Similar frame mode and embodiment, are within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of engine piston connecting rod precision hot-working method, which is characterized in that carried out according to step in detail below：
Step S101, round billet heats：After the accurate blanking of engine piston connecting rod round billet, made by heating using carbon steel as main round billet
Forging temperature is controlled in the range of hot forging temperature, and hot forging temperature is 1100-1200 DEG C；
Step S102, accurate preforming group technology：
The first step uses gathering stock technique, and using forcing press, the isometrical round billet of heating is made a stairstepping round billet；
Second step uses box variable cross-section pass transverse rolling moulding process, round billet size and roll (1) box pass original dimension phase
Unanimously, round billet is after the initial pass (110) of merging roll (1), two rolls (1) equidirectional rotation under dynamical system driving,
In roll (1) rotation process, the continuous gradual change of pass (120) deforms round billet radial compression, axial tension deformation, and is rubbing
Backwards rotation under the action of wiping torque, roll (1), which rotates a circle, completes the accurate distribution of stock volume；
Third step carries out the blank after rolling flattening molding using flattening mode, obtains outside the blank needed for accurate obliterated extrusion
Shape；
Step S103, double action occlusion precise extrusion molding：Blank after will be preforming is put into double action Extruding die (2), is completed
The near-net-shape of connecting rod obtains the net-size forging of engine piston connecting rod.
2. engine piston connecting rod precision hot-working method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step S101
In, the heating is using Frequency Induction Heating.
3. engine piston connecting rod precision hot-working method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that in step S102
In, the quantity of the roll (1) is a pair, and two rolls (1) planform is consistent and arranged symmetrically, and roll (1) is equipped with and circle
The consistent initial pass (110) of base appearance profile and final pasxs (120)；Initial pass (110) and final pasxs (120)
Phase difference 180 degree.
4. engine piston connecting rod precision hot-working method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that in step S103
In, the Extruding die (2) includes upper cavity die (210), lower cavity die (220), upper male mould (230) and lower punch (240).On wherein
Cavity plate (210), lower cavity die (220) docking form cavity (250), and the volume of cavity (250) is slightly larger than or equal to connecting rod blank
Volume and upper male mould (230) and lower punch (240) stretch into the volume of cavity (250), and upper male mould (230) is by top and upper cavity die
(210) coordinate, lower punch (240) is with lower section and lower punch (240).
5. engine piston connecting rod precision hot-working method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized in that
In step S103, will be preforming after blank be put into the cavity (250) of double action Extruding die (2), upper cavity die (210) under
After cavity plate (220) synthesizes an entirety, opposite extrusion forming is carried out to blank by upper male mould (230), lower punch (240), when upper
When punch-pin (230), lower punch (240) are expressed to limit point, after extrusion process, upper cavity die (210), lower cavity die (220) point
It opens, upper male mould (230), lower punch (240) are detached with blank, and extrusion forming is then taken out from lower cavity die (220) cavity (250)
Connecting rod.
6. engine piston connecting rod precision hot-working method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step S104, whole
Shape：The extruded profile that step S103 is obtained carries out pressure-sizing shaping again, by the knuckle of connecting rod part, type face and recessed
Slot is expressed to required connecting rod product size precision.
7. engine piston connecting rod precision hot-working method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that further include step
S105, punching：To the connecting rod forging after shaping, then it is punched out and trimming.
8. engine piston connecting rod precision hot-working method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that further include step
S106, heat treatment：According to connecting rod product material and structure property requirement, corresponding heat treatment process is formulated, heat treatment is carried out and adds
Work.
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| CN201711473437.7A CN108188336B (en) | 2017-12-29 | 2017-12-29 | A kind of engine piston connecting rod precision hot-working method |
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| CN108188336B CN108188336B (en) | 2019-07-02 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109175175A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2019-01-11 | 宣城市安工大工业技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of vehicle steering ball joint precision heat processing and forming method |
| CN109822038A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-05-31 | 武汉重工铸锻有限责任公司 | Marine low speed diesel engine connecting rod part die-forging forming method |
| CN112427590A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-03-02 | 江西省从众机械有限公司 | Forging process and device for seahorse-shaped forged piece |
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| JPS60247432A (en) * | 1984-05-23 | 1985-12-07 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Production of connecting rod |
| JPS61216827A (en) * | 1985-03-22 | 1986-09-26 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Production of billet for forging connecting rod |
| CN85106018A (en) * | 1985-07-22 | 1987-01-21 | 上海交通大学 | The combination process for casting and forging of connecting rod |
| CN1966176A (en) * | 2006-09-12 | 2007-05-23 | 钟六妹 | Forging method of high grade carbon steel hook, ring parts |
| CN102328010A (en) * | 2011-08-23 | 2012-01-25 | 江苏宏宝锻造有限公司 | Blank-making roll-forging composite die |
| CN107377859A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-11-24 | 四川凯茨实业集团有限公司 | The manufacturing process of middle forged shaft non-trimming forging |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60247432A (en) * | 1984-05-23 | 1985-12-07 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Production of connecting rod |
| JPS61216827A (en) * | 1985-03-22 | 1986-09-26 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Production of billet for forging connecting rod |
| CN85106018A (en) * | 1985-07-22 | 1987-01-21 | 上海交通大学 | The combination process for casting and forging of connecting rod |
| CN1966176A (en) * | 2006-09-12 | 2007-05-23 | 钟六妹 | Forging method of high grade carbon steel hook, ring parts |
| CN102328010A (en) * | 2011-08-23 | 2012-01-25 | 江苏宏宝锻造有限公司 | Blank-making roll-forging composite die |
| CN107377859A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-11-24 | 四川凯茨实业集团有限公司 | The manufacturing process of middle forged shaft non-trimming forging |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109175175A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2019-01-11 | 宣城市安工大工业技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of vehicle steering ball joint precision heat processing and forming method |
| CN109822038A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-05-31 | 武汉重工铸锻有限责任公司 | Marine low speed diesel engine connecting rod part die-forging forming method |
| CN109822038B (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2021-04-20 | 武汉重工铸锻有限责任公司 | Local die forging forming method for connecting rod of marine low-speed diesel engine |
| CN112427590A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-03-02 | 江西省从众机械有限公司 | Forging process and device for seahorse-shaped forged piece |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN108188336B (en) | 2019-07-02 |
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