CN108184250B - Table-machine-mechanism-based underwater acoustic node exposed terminal solution method utilizing propagation delay - Google Patents
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- IYZMXHQDXZKNCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,1-n-diphenyl-4-n,4-n-bis[4-(n-phenylanilino)phenyl]benzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 IYZMXHQDXZKNCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 108700026140 MAC combination Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000005059 dormancy Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N spiromesifen Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1C(C(O1)=O)=C(OC(=O)CC(C)(C)C)C11CCCC1 GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a meter mechanism-based underwater sound node exposure terminal solution method utilizing propagation delay. The method is based on a handshake mechanism, and each underwater acoustic communication node obtains global node information in the network through self-learning of a table mechanism and plans a transmission task in the network. The self-learning process of the table mechanism of the underwater sound node mainly comprises three parts, namely: initialization of the table, storage of the table, and updating of the table. The underwater sound node exposure terminal solution provided by the invention has the advantages that the exposure terminal in the network is searched based on a table-form mechanism, the communication propagation delay between the nodes can be effectively utilized to improve the channel utilization rate, and the collision between the nodes is reduced, so that the throughput of the network is improved, the average delay of the network is reduced, and the quality of the underwater sound communication network is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a meter mechanism-based underwater sound node exposure terminal solution method utilizing propagation delay, and belongs to the field of underwater sound communication.
Background
Due to the complexity and diversity of the underwater acoustic channel, underwater acoustic communication has the characteristics of long propagation delay, narrow bandwidth, low throughput, and the like. In a traditional underwater acoustic network MAC protocol, when two nodes communicate with each other, surrounding exposed terminals can enter a dormant state to prevent collision, so that an underwater acoustic channel in the period of time is wasted, and the utilization rate of the channel and the throughput of the network are greatly reduced. In an underwater acoustic communication network, the fewer collisions between nodes in a given time, the more communication transmission tasks, the higher the channel utilization, and the higher the throughput of the whole system. Therefore, it is one of effective ways to improve the throughput of the underwater acoustic communication network to fully utilize the communication propagation delay of the underwater acoustic node while ensuring that the transmission of each other is not destroyed. Therefore, an exposed terminal solution using propagation delay needs to be designed reasonably, collision between the exposed terminal and an adjacent node caused by communication of the exposed terminal is reduced, and an underwater acoustic communication network with low delay and high throughput is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a table-machine-based underwater sound node exposure terminal solution method utilizing propagation delay, aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The exposed terminal is a node which is in the communication range of the transmitting node but not in the communication range of the receiving node, and the exposed terminal enters a dormant state to delay transmission due to sensing transmission of the transmitting node. However, the exposed terminal is actually outside the communication range of the receiving node, and its transmissions may not conflict with existing transmissions, which introduces unnecessary delay.
On the premise of not colliding with the existing transmission, the transmission time delay introduced by the dormancy of the exposed terminal is overcome, and the channel utilization rate is improved. The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: an exposed terminal in a network is searched based on a meter mechanism, and the exposed terminal fully utilizes the propagation delay of the existing transmission to improve the average delay of the network and improve the channel utilization rate and the system throughput on the premise of not influencing the existing transmission. The method of the invention is realized by the following steps:
(1) constructing a node table for each node in the underwater acoustic communication network, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1.1) initialization of the node table: completing the synchronization of the clock and the coordinate of each node in the network;
(1.2) storage of node table: a node sends a Broadcast message (BI) in an underwater acoustic network, wherein the Broadcast message comprises an MAC address of the node and coordinate information corresponding to the MAC address; after receiving the broadcast message sent from the adjacent node, the node in the network stores the MAC address of the adjacent node and the corresponding coordinate information carried in the broadcast message in a node table of the node, and the node can inquire all the adjacent node information in the node table;
(1.3) updating of the node table: in a set period, all nodes in the network update respective broadcast messages BI and broadcast the broadcast messages BI to the underwater acoustic communication network, and the nodes update their own node tables after receiving the broadcast messages of the adjacent nodes;
(2) after receiving a data frame from a sending node, an underwater sound node judges whether the MAC address of the node is matched with a target MAC address carried in the data frame; if so, receiving the data frame; if not, the node does not sleep, and the step (3) is executed;
(3) comparing the target MAC address in the data frame with the adjacent node MAC address stored in the node table of the node, and judging whether the target MAC address is in the node table of the node; if the destination node is in the node table of the node, the sending node and the receiving node are adjacent nodes, and the node enters a dormant state; if the destination node is not in the node list of the node, the destination node is not a neighbor node of the node, the node is judged to be an exposed terminal, the communication between the node and other nodes is only influenced by the sending node but not influenced by the receiving node, and the step (4) is executed;
(4) in order to avoid collision between communication between the node and other nodes and communication between the sending node and the receiving node by using propagation delay, the node needs to be in an idle state when RTS and DATA packets of the sending node arrive, and can communicate with other nodes at the rest of time, specifically:
(4.1) calculating the prohibition time of sending DATA packet by the node to prevent the DATA packet from colliding with the transmission of the sending node
Calculating the time for the node to forbid sending the DATA packet when the ACK packet from other nodes collides with the RTS and the DATA packet from the sending node;
(4.2) calculating the prohibited time of the node for receiving the CTS packet so as to prevent the CTS packet from colliding with the transmission of the sending node
Calculating the time for which the node forbids to receive the CTS packet when the CTS packet from other nodes and the DATA packet sent by the node collide with the RTS packet and the DATA packet from the sending node;
(4.3) calculating the prohibition time of sending RTS packet by the node to prevent the node from colliding with the transmission of the sending node
Calculating the time for prohibiting the node from sending the RTS packet when the RTS packet sent by the node collides with the RTS and DATA packets from the sending node;
(4.4) combining the prohibition times of the local node for sending the DATA packet and receiving the CTS packet obtained in the steps (4.1) and (4.2) to deduce the prohibition time of the local node for sending the RTS packet, and combining the steps (4.3) to obtain all the prohibition times of the local node for sending the RTS packet.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the underwater sound node exposure terminal solution provided by the invention has the advantages that the exposure terminal in the network is searched based on a table-form mechanism, the communication propagation delay between the nodes can be effectively utilized to improve the channel utilization rate, and the collision between the nodes is reduced, so that the throughput of the network is improved, the average delay of the network is reduced, and the quality of the underwater sound communication network is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an exposed terminal;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a node storage table structure according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a propagation delay utilization diagram in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exposed terminal of an underwater acoustic communication network. Node a and node C are within communication range of each other, node B is within communication range of node a but not of node C, and node D is within communication range of node C but not of node a, at which point node C is considered to be an exposed terminal. In the conventional MAC protocol of the underwater acoustic communication network, when a neighboring node a of the node C is communicating with the node B, the node C may enter a sleep state in order to prevent collision. Due to the long delay of the underwater acoustic communication, the communication between the node a and the node B may take a long time, and therefore the node C needs to sleep for a long time to prevent collision, which greatly reduces the utilization rate of the underwater acoustic communication channel and the throughput of the network. The invention provides a method for solving the problems of low channel utilization rate and the like caused by the exposed terminal, which is based on a node table mechanism, so that the exposed terminal fully utilizes the propagation delay of dormancy waiting, improves the channel utilization rate, reduces the average network delay and improves the quality of an underwater acoustic communication network while solving the problem of the exposed terminal.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a node table mechanism, after the underwater acoustic node completes synchronization of clock and coordinate reference, the MAC address and coordinate information of the neighboring node in the network are acquired by broadcasting BI information, and the information is stored in its own table, and the node can query all the neighboring node information in the storage table. After a period, all nodes in the network broadcast updated BI information again, and the nodes receive the broadcast information of corresponding neighbor nodes to update the storage tables of the nodes. After receiving the data frame of the sending node, the node judges whether the MAC address of the node is matched with a target MAC address carried in the data frame. If so, receiving the data frame; if not, judging whether the destination MAC address is a neighbor node of the node according to the storage table, if not, indicating that the node is an exposed terminal, calculating the distance between the node and the sending node through the coordinate information in the storage table, and calculating the distance between the sending node and the destination node through the storage table, thereby obtaining the corresponding propagation delay. And further, the propagation delay can be utilized, the channel utilization rate is improved, the network average delay is reduced, and the network throughput is increased.
Based on the above problem of exposed terminals and table mechanism, a method for solving the exposed terminals by using propagation delay is provided. As shown in fig. 3, it is assumed that node a transmits an RTS packet at time tRTS/AThe distance d between the node A and the receiving node B is obtained from the memory tableABThe distance between the node A and the adjacent node C is dACThe distance between the node C and the node D is DCD. The calculation of the time zone exposing the interference of the communication of the terminal C with the other nodes D by the transmitting node a comprises the following steps:
1) calculating the propagation delay among the nodes: propagation distance/propagation speed + guard time. Because the propagation speed rate of sound waves in water at different moments has certain change, a guard time guard is introduced to resist the change of the sound speed in water.
Propagation delay between node a and receiving node B: t isAB＝dAB/rate+guardtime
Propagation delay between node a and receiving node C: t isAC＝dAC/rate+guardtime
Propagation delay between node C and receiving node D: t isCD＝dCD/rate+guardtime
2) The RTS packet and the DATA packet of the sending node a arrive at the exposed terminal C at the following times:
tRTS/A→C＝tRTS/A+TAC
tDATA/A→C＝tRTS/A+2TAB+TAC
3) the communication of the exposed terminal C is only interfered by an RTS packet and a DATA packet of a sending node A, and the length of the interference time is the transmission duration of the RTS packet and the DATA packet of the node A:
Tinterference＝TRTS/A+TLD/A
Wherein, TRTS/AThe transmission duration, T, of the RTS packet representing node ALD/AIndicating the transmission duration of the DATA packet for node a.
4) The time interval during which the communication of the exposed terminal C is interfered by the transmitting node a is as follows:
Tinterference interval＝[tRTS/A→C,tRTS/A→C+TRTS/A]∪[tDATA/A→C,tDATA/A→C+TLD/A]
In order to prevent collision of communication with a transmitting node and to fully utilize transmission delay and increase channel utilization, it is necessary to ensure that the exposed terminal C does not go to sleep during communication between the node a and the destination node B and within an interference period (T) of the node aInterference interval) Is in an idle state. Therefore, the communication between the exposed terminal and other nodes needs to satisfy the following conditions:
1) time t when ACK packet arrives at exposed terminal C when exposed terminal C communicates with other node DACK/D→CCannot be in the interference period of the transmitting node a, and therefore needs to satisfy:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
tACK/D+C＝tRTS/C+4TAB
through the information in the storage table, the time that the exposed terminal C sends the RTS when communicating with the adjacent node D can be further deduced to meet the following requirements:
2) CTS packet reception time t of exposed terminal CCTS/D→CAnd the transmission end time t of the DATA packetDATA/c→DCannot be in the interference period of the transmitting node a, it needs to satisfy:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
tDATA/C→D＝tRTS/C+2TAB+TCTS/D+TDATA/C
through the information in the storage table, the time that the exposed terminal C sends the RTS when communicating with the adjacent node D can be further deduced to meet the following requirements:
3) RTS packet transmission time t of exposed terminal CRTS/CCannot be in the interference period of the transmitting node a:
4) therefore, to ensure that the exposed terminal C does not go to sleep (communicate with other nodes D) during the communication period between the transmitting node a and the destination node B and does not collide with the transmitting node, the following conditions need to be satisfied:
the underwater sound node exposure terminal solution based on the meter mechanism and utilizing the propagation delay can obtain the prohibition time of sending the RTS packet by the exposure terminal, so that the communication between the exposure terminal and other neighbor nodes is not collided with the transmission task of the existing sending node. The method fully utilizes the waiting propagation delay of the exposed terminal while avoiding collision, effectively reduces the average delay of the system, and improves the channel utilization rate and the system throughput.
Claims (1)
1. A table-machine-based underwater acoustic node exposed terminal solution utilizing propagation delay is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) constructing a node table for each node in the underwater acoustic communication network, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1.1) initialization of the node table: completing the synchronization of the clock and the coordinate of each node in the network;
(1.2) storage of node table: the node sends a broadcast message BI in the underwater acoustic network, wherein the broadcast message contains the MAC address of the node and coordinate information corresponding to the MAC address; after receiving the broadcast message sent from the adjacent node, the node in the network stores the MAC address of the adjacent node and the corresponding coordinate information carried in the broadcast message in a node table of the node, and the node can inquire all the adjacent node information in the node table;
(1.3) updating of the node table: in a set period, all nodes in the network update respective broadcast messages BI and broadcast the broadcast messages BI to the underwater acoustic communication network, and the nodes update their own node tables after receiving the broadcast messages of the adjacent nodes;
(2) after receiving a data frame from a sending node, an underwater sound node judges whether the MAC address of the node is matched with a target MAC address carried in the data frame; if so, receiving the data frame; if not, the node does not sleep, and the step (3) is executed;
(3) comparing the target MAC address in the data frame with the adjacent node MAC address stored in the node table of the node, and judging whether the target MAC address is in the node table of the node; if the destination node is in the node table of the node, the sending node and the receiving node are adjacent nodes, and the node enters a dormant state; if the destination node is not in the node table of the node, the destination node is not a neighbor node of the node, the node is judged to be an exposed terminal, and the step (4) is executed;
(4) in order to avoid collision between communication between the node and other nodes and communication between the sending node and the receiving node by using propagation delay, the node needs to be in an idle state when RTS and DATA packets of the sending node arrive, and can communicate with other nodes at the rest of time, specifically:
(4.1) calculating the prohibition time of sending the DATA packet by the node when the ACK packet from other nodes collides with the RTS and DATA packets from the sending node;
(4.2) calculating the prohibition time for the node to receive the CTS packet when the CTS packet from other nodes and the DATA packet sent by the node collide with the RTS packet and the DATA packet from the sending node;
(4.3) calculating the prohibition time of sending the RTS packet by the node when the RTS packet sent by the node collides with the RTS and DATA packets from the sending node;
(4.4) combining the prohibition time of the local node for sending the DATA packet and the prohibition time of receiving the CTS packet obtained in the steps (4.1) and (4.2) to deduce the prohibition time of the local node for sending the RTS packet, and combining the step (4.3) to obtain all the prohibition times of the local node for sending the RTS packet;
the specific calculation process of the step is as follows:
suppose node A sends an RTS packet at time tRTS/AThe distance d between the node A and the receiving node B is obtained from the memory tableABThe distance between the node A and the adjacent node C is dACThe distance between the node C and the node D is DCD；
a. Calculating the propagation delay among the nodes: propagation distance/propagation speed + guard time:
propagation delay between node a and receiving node B: t isAB＝dAB/rate+guardtime
Propagation delay between node a and receiving node C: t isAC＝dAC/rate+guardtime
Propagation delay between node C and receiving node D: t isCD＝dCD/rate+guardtime
b. The RTS packet and the DATA packet of the sending node a arrive at the exposed terminal C at the following times:
tRTS/A→C＝tRTS/A+TAC
tDATA/A→C＝tRTS/A+2TAB+TAC
c) the communication of the exposed terminal C is only interfered by an RTS packet and a DATA packet of a sending node A, and the time interval of the interference is as follows:
Tinterference interval＝[tRTS/A→C，tRTS/A→C+TRTS/A]∪[tDATA/A→C，tDATA/A→C+TLD/A]
Wherein, TRTS/AThe transmission duration, T, of the RTS packet representing node ALD/AThe transmission duration of the DATA packet representing node a;
so that the time t when the ACK packet arrives at the exposed terminal C when the exposed terminal C communicates with the other nodes DACK/D→CCannot be in the interference period of the transmitting node a, and therefore needs to satisfy:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
tACK/D→C＝tRTS/C+4TAB
and then, the time that the RTS is sent when the exposed terminal C communicates with the adjacent node D can be released to meet the following requirements:
when the CTS packet of the terminal C is exposed, the time tCTS/D→CAnd the transmission end time t of the DATA packetDATA/C→DCannot be in the interference period of the transmitting node a, it needs to satisfy:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
tDATA/C→D＝tRTS/C+2TAB+TCTS/D+TDATA/C
through the information in the storage table, the time that the exposed terminal C sends the RTS when communicating with the adjacent node D can be further deduced to meet the following requirements:
RTS packet transmission time t for exposed terminal CRTS/CCannot be in the interference period of the transmitting node a:
therefore, all the prohibition time for sending the RTS packet by the node is obtained:
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