CN108183243B - Magnetic three-dimensional gel ball anode material of microbial fuel cell and preparation method - Google Patents

Magnetic three-dimensional gel ball anode material of microbial fuel cell and preparation method Download PDF

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CN108183243B
CN108183243B CN201711461909.7A CN201711461909A CN108183243B CN 108183243 B CN108183243 B CN 108183243B CN 201711461909 A CN201711461909 A CN 201711461909A CN 108183243 B CN108183243 B CN 108183243B
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dispersion liquid
fecl
fuel cell
graphene oxide
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CN108183243A (en
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于飞
王成显
陈德贤
石岩
姚温浩
张方
倪腾飞
韩生
张海英
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Shanghai Institute of Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/96—Carbon-based electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/16—Biochemical fuel cells, i.e. cells in which microorganisms function as catalysts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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Abstract

The invention discloses a magnetic three-dimensional gel ball anode material of a microbial fuel cell and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following specific steps: (1) dropwise adding FeCl into graphene oxide dispersion liquid2Obtaining oxidized graphene-FeCl through solution2A dispersion liquid; (2) dropwise adding sodium benzene sulfinate into the dispersion liquid to obtain graphene oxide-FeCl2-a sodium benzenesulfinate dispersion; (3) adding glacial acetic acid to the dispersion; (4) adding chitosan into the dispersion liquid to obtain slurry; (5) adding the slurry into NaOH solution to obtain gel balls; (6) and heating the gel spheres at constant temperature to obtain the gel sphere anode. The method is simple, mild in condition and low in manufacturing cost; the obtained electrode has large specific surface area and good biocompatibility; the gel ball electrode is used as the anode chamber filler of the microbial fuel cell, thereby not only increasing the transfer capacity of extracellular electrons, but also greatly improving the space utilization rate of the anode chamber.

Description

Magnetic three-dimensional gel ball anode material of microbial fuel cell and preparation method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a magnetic three-dimensional gel sphere anode material of a microbial fuel cell and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of new energy and resource utilization.
Background
With the increasing depletion of resources such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas, people are becoming aware of the importance of resource utilization in producing domestic waste, and various countries are striving to develop new technologies to realize secondary utilization of energy. For example, the traditional method for treating domestic sewage not only consumes a large amount of energy, but also occupies a large area. The organic wastewater contains abundant nutrient substances and huge energy, and the microbial fuel cell is used for catalyzing and oxidizing organic pollution by microorganisms, converting chemical energy stored in the wastewater into electric energy and purifying the wastewater simultaneously, so that the organic wastewater is a green energy technology with important development potential in the twenty-first century.
The process of degrading pollutants and generating electrons by the catalysis of microorganisms mainly occurs on the surface of an anode electrode material, and the growth of microorganisms on the surface of the anode material can be influenced by the properties of the surface roughness, the specific surface area, the conductivity, the chemical stability, the biocompatibility and the like of the anode material, so that the performance of a microbial fuel cell is seriously influenced. The currently and generally used electrode materials mainly include carbon materials such as carbon paper, carbon cloth, carbon felt, carbon brush, graphite flake or graphite rod, and the use of such carbon materials promotes the transfer capability and energy output of extracellular electrons to a great extent, but still has great promotion space for the space utilization rate of the anode chamber and the biocompatibility of the anode material.
Due to ferroferric oxide (Fe)3O4) Has excellent biocompatibility, and is usually Fe3O4The powder is doped in the anode material to improve biocompatibility and conductivity of the anode material. In addition, the chitosan has good elasticity and memory, is a material with good biological stability, is beneficial to the enrichment and growth of a large number of microorganisms, and can greatly increase the conductivity of the microorganisms by modifying the chitosan to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a magnetic three-dimensional gel anode material of a microbial fuel cell. The method is simple and easy to obtain, and the cost is low; the magnetic three-dimensional gel greatly reduces the manufacturing cost of the electrode material.
The invention also mainly aims to provide the three-dimensional magnetic graphene gel sphere anode prepared by the method.
The invention can be realized by the following technical scheme.
The invention provides a preparation method of a magnetic three-dimensional gel sphere anode material of a microbial fuel cell, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) taking 50-100 mL of 2-8 mg/mL graphene oxide dispersion liquid, and dropwise adding 0.1-1 mol/L FeCl into the dispersion liquid210-100 mL of solution, and after dropwise adding, performing ultrasonic cleaning in an ultrasonic cleaning machine to uniformly disperse the solution to obtain graphene oxide-FeCl2A dispersion liquid;
(2) to graphene oxide-FeCl2Dropwise adding 5-50 mL of 0.1-1 mol/L sodium benzene sulfinate into the dispersion liquid, and after dropwise adding, ultrasonically cleaning in an ultrasonic cleaning machine to uniformly disperse to obtain the graphene oxide-FeCl2-a sodium benzenesulfinate dispersion;
(3) adding graphene oxide-FeCl obtained in step (2)2Adding 1-3 mL of glacial acetic acid into the sodium benzene sulfinate dispersion liquid, and stirring for 1-5 min; adding 2-8 g of chitosan, quickly stirring for 60-120 min after the chitosan is added, then adjusting the rotation speed to 50-200 r/min, stirring for 60-120 min, and finally standing for 2-4 h to obtain uniformly dispersed bubble-free slurry;
(4) dropwise adding the slurry obtained in the step (3) into 100-250 mL of 0.8-1.2 mol/L NaOH solution, and standing for 12-24 h to obtain a gel ball precursor;
(5) and (3) placing the gel ball precursor obtained in the step (4) in a water bath, heating at the constant temperature of 80-95 ℃ for 12-24 h, and cleaning for a plurality of times to obtain the magnetic three-dimensional gel ball anode material of the microbial fuel cell.
In the step (1), the graphene oxide dispersion liquid is obtained by placing the graphite oxide suspension in an ultrasonic cleaning machine and carrying out ultrasonic cleaning for 60-120 min.
In the step (1) and the step (2), ultrasonic cleaning is carried out for 30-60 min.
In the step (3), the rotation speed of the rapid stirring is 1000-2000 r/min.
In the step (3), 3-5 g of chitosan is used.
The invention also provides a magnetic three-dimensional gel sphere anode material of the microbial fuel cell prepared by the preparation method. The invention discloses a microbial fuel cell manufactured by using the obtained magnetic graphene gel spheres, which mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) soaking the magnetic gel ball material in anaerobic sludge or an inoculation pool with higher concentration, and carrying out anaerobic culture for 48-60 h;
(2) assembling the microbial fuel cell by taking the magnetic graphene gel balls in the step (1) as a filling material of an anode chamber of the microbial fuel cell, wherein the filling degree is 25-100%, and stainless steel wires as a conductor material;
(3) adding a proper amount of phosphoric acid buffer solution containing 30-500 mg/L sodium acetate into the anode chamber, wherein the cathode chamber is 0.25-0.5 mol/L potassium ferricyanide buffer solution, and the pH value of the phosphoric acid buffer solution is 6.8-7.4;
(4) the cathode material is a carbon paper material loaded with a platinum catalyst, and the external circuit is a load resistance of 1000 omega.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
① the magnetic graphene gel ball is synthesized by a one-step method, the method is simple, the condition is mild, the manufacturing cost is low, and the magnetic graphene gel ball has huge specific surface area and biocompatibility;
② the magnetic graphene gel ball prepared by the invention has good conductivity, and is used as anode chamber filler of a microbial fuel cell, thereby not only increasing the transfer capability of extracellular electrons, but also greatly improving the space utilization rate of the anode chamber;
③ FeCl used in the present invention2The reagent can generate Fe in the process of reducing graphene oxide3+The method provides guarantee for the subsequent steps;
④ the NaOH solution used in the invention is not only used as a cross-linking agent to cross-link with chitosan to form chitosan gel balls, but also can create an alkaline environment to enable Fe2+And Fe3+Forming ferroferric oxide at the temperature of 95 ℃;
⑤ the sodium benzene sulfinate used in the invention has the ability of reducing graphene oxide, provides guarantee for the complete reduction of the subsequent graphene oxide, and can stabilize the mechanical property of the gel spheres as a reinforcing agent.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the magnetic graphene gel ball prepared by the invention applied as a three-dimensional filling electrode of a microbial fuel cell.
Fig. 2 is a comparison graph of the long-term stability of the three-dimensional graphene gel sphere filled electrodes in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a comparison graph of output power density curves of three-dimensional graphene gel ball filled electrodes in embodiments 1 to 3 of the present invention.
Reference numbers in the figures: 1-anode chamber, 2-cathode chamber, 3-proton exchange membrane, 4-magnetic graphene gel ball filling electrode, 5-carbon paper, 6-cathode material fixing support, 7-external resistor, 8-lead, 9-anode chamber liquid inlet and 10-cathode chamber liquid inlet.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention better understood by researchers in the technical field, the following describes the product of the present invention in further detail with reference to the examples and the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1
The preparation method of the three-dimensional magnetic graphene gel sphere anode material mainly comprises the following operation steps:
(1) preparing a graphene oxide turbid liquid of 4mg/mL by taking a certain mass of graphite oxide;
(2) placing the suspension liquid obtained in the step (1) in an ultrasonic cleaning machine for ultrasonic cleaning for 120min to uniformly disperse the suspension liquid to obtain a graphene oxide dispersion liquid;
(3) taking 50mL of fractions obtained in step (2)Dispersing, dropwise adding 0.5mol/L FeCl under the condition of magnetic stirring225mL of the solution is ultrasonically cleaned in an ultrasonic cleaning machine for 60min to be uniformly dispersed, and graphene oxide-FeCl is obtained2A dispersion liquid;
(4) under the condition of magnetic stirring, dropwise adding 25mL of 1.0mol/L sodium benzene sulfinate into the dispersion liquid in the step (3), and ultrasonically cleaning in an ultrasonic cleaning machine for 60min to uniformly disperse the sodium benzene sulfinate to obtain the graphene oxide-FeCl2-a sodium benzenesulfinate dispersion;
(5) under the condition of magnetic stirring, adding 3mL of glacial acetic acid into the step (4), and stirring for 3 min;
(6) weighing 4g of chitosan, slowly adding the chitosan into the dispersion liquid obtained in the step (5) under the condition of mechanical stirring, then quickly stirring (1700r/min) for 120min, then adjusting the rotating speed to 100r/min, stirring for 60min, and finally standing for 3h to obtain uniformly dispersed bubble-free slurry;
(7) dropwise adding the slurry obtained in the step (6) into 200mL of 1mol/L NaOH solution by using a peristaltic pump, and standing for 24h to obtain gel balls preliminarily;
(8) and (4) placing the gel balls obtained in the step (7) in a water bath, heating at a constant temperature of 95 ℃ for 24h, and washing with distilled water for several times to obtain magnetic graphene gel balls.
Example 2
The preparation method of the three-dimensional magnetic graphene gel sphere anode material mainly comprises the following operation steps:
(1) preparing 8mg/mL graphene oxide turbid liquid by taking a certain mass of graphite oxide;
(2) placing the suspension liquid obtained in the step (1) in an ultrasonic cleaning machine for ultrasonic cleaning for 120min to uniformly disperse the suspension liquid to obtain a graphene oxide dispersion liquid;
(3) taking 50mL of the dispersion liquid in the step (2), dropwise adding 0.8mol/L FeCl under the condition of magnetic stirring225mL of the solution is ultrasonically cleaned in an ultrasonic cleaning machine for 60min to be uniformly dispersed, and graphene oxide-FeCl is obtained2A dispersion liquid;
(4) in the case of magnetic stirringDropwise adding 25mL of 1.0mol/L sodium benzene sulfinate into the dispersion liquid in the step (3), and ultrasonically cleaning in an ultrasonic cleaning machine for 60min to uniformly disperse the sodium benzene sulfinate and the dispersion liquid to obtain the graphene oxide-FeCl2-a sodium benzenesulfinate dispersion;
(5) under the condition of magnetic stirring, adding 3mL of glacial acetic acid into the step (4), and stirring for 3 min;
(6) weighing 4g of chitosan, slowly adding the chitosan into the dispersion liquid obtained in the step (5) under the condition of mechanical stirring, then quickly stirring (1700r/min) for 120min, then adjusting the rotating speed to 100r/min, stirring for 60min, and finally standing for 3h to obtain uniformly dispersed bubble-free slurry;
(7) dropwise adding the slurry obtained in the step (6) into 200mL of 1mol/L NaOH solution by using a peristaltic pump, and standing for 24h to obtain gel balls preliminarily;
(8) and (4) placing the gel balls obtained in the step (7) in a water bath, heating at a constant temperature of 95 ℃ for 24h, and washing with distilled water for several times to obtain magnetic graphene gel balls.
Example 3
The preparation method of the three-dimensional magnetic graphene gel sphere anode material mainly comprises the following operation steps:
(1) preparing a graphene oxide turbid liquid of 4mg/mL by taking a certain mass of graphite oxide;
(2) placing the suspension liquid obtained in the step (1) in an ultrasonic cleaning machine for ultrasonic cleaning for 120min to uniformly disperse the suspension liquid to obtain a graphene oxide dispersion liquid;
(3) taking 50mL of the dispersion liquid in the step (2), dropwise adding 0.5mol/L FeCl under the condition of magnetic stirring225mL of the solution is ultrasonically cleaned in an ultrasonic cleaning machine for 60min to be uniformly dispersed, and graphene oxide-FeCl is obtained2A dispersion liquid;
(4) under the condition of magnetic stirring, dropwise adding 25mL of 0.5mol/L sodium benzene sulfinate into the dispersion liquid in the step (3), and ultrasonically cleaning in an ultrasonic cleaning machine for 60min to uniformly disperse the sodium benzene sulfinate to obtain the graphene oxide-FeCl2-a sodium benzenesulfinate dispersion;
(5) under the condition of magnetic stirring, adding 3mL of glacial acetic acid into the step (4), and stirring for 3 min;
(6) weighing 4g of chitosan, slowly adding the chitosan into the dispersion liquid obtained in the step (5) under the condition of mechanical stirring, then quickly stirring (1700r/min) for 120min, then adjusting the rotating speed to 100r/min, stirring for 60min, and finally standing for 3h to obtain uniformly dispersed bubble-free slurry;
(7) dropwise adding the slurry obtained in the step (6) into 200mL of 1mol/L NaOH solution by using a peristaltic pump, and standing for 24h to obtain gel balls preliminarily;
(8) and (4) placing the gel balls obtained in the step (7) in a water bath, heating at a constant temperature of 95 ℃ for 24h, and washing with distilled water for several times to obtain magnetic graphene gel balls.
The schematic structural diagram of the middle cross section of the magnetic graphene gel sphere in examples 1 to 3 is shown in fig. 1, and the effect of the magnetic graphene gel sphere as a filler of an anode chamber of a microbial fuel cell in application is evaluated as follows:
when the microbial fuel cell is constructed, the microbial fuel cell is composed of a 1-anode chamber, a 2-cathode chamber, a 3-proton exchange membrane, a 4-magnetic graphene gel ball filling electrode, 5-carbon paper, a 6-cathode material fixing support, a 7-external resistor, an 8-lead, a 9-anode chamber liquid inlet, a 10-cathode chamber liquid inlet and the like according to the structure shown in figure 2. The pretreatment process of the magnetic graphene gel ball prepared by the invention in the application process of the microbial fuel cell is as follows:
(1) washing the magnetic gel ball prepared by the invention with distilled water to a neutral range;
(2) anaerobically culturing the treated magnetic gel balls in anaerobic sludge or inoculation liquid for 60 hours;
the specific assembly steps of the microbial fuel cell are as follows:
(1) cutting the carbon paper loaded with platinum into a size of 4cm in length and 4cm in width, and fixing the carbon paper on a stainless steel clamping piece preset in a cathode chamber;
(2) filling the magnetic graphene gel balls prepared in the embodiment into an anode chamber of a microbial fuel cell, and fully contacting with a stainless steel wire;
(3) clamping a proton exchange membrane between a cathode chamber and an anode chamber, screwing a threaded nut and ensuring that the proton exchange membrane is not leaked;
(4) injecting 100mL of 0.05mol/L potassium ferricyanide solution into the cathode chamber through a liquid adding hole of the cathode chamber, and sealing by using a rubber plug;
(5) introducing nitrogen into the sodium acetate solution of 0.5g/L for 10 minutes to discharge oxygen in the solution;
(6) injecting 50mL of the sodium acetate solution obtained in the step (5) into the anode chamber through a liquid adding hole of the anode chamber, and sealing the solution by using a rubber plug;
(7) the potassium ferricyanide solution in the step (4) and the sodium acetate solution in the step (5) are both prepared from phosphoric acid buffer solution, and the pH value of the solution is 7.4;
(8) and (5) operating the steps (2-4) and (6) on an aseptic workbench.
In the operation process of the microbial fuel cell in the above embodiment, the external circuit is connected with the resistor of 1000 Ω, the two ends of the load resistor are connected with the data collector, and the voltage collection time interval is 1min once, so that as shown in fig. 2, in the fourth operation period, the maximum voltages in embodiments 1-3 are 0.799, 0.86 and 0.875V, respectively; in example 2, the power generation stabilizing time is short after the power generation stabilizing time is increased; example 1 the internal resistance of the battery gradually increases in the whole period, so that the output voltage continuously decreases; example 3 was substantially stable at higher levels, mainly because too much sodium benzene sulfinate reducing agent destroyed the structure of graphene, resulting in a reduction in the electricity generation performance of the microbial fuel cell.
In the test examples, the external resistance was varied during the power density of the microbial fuel cell, and the maximum stable voltage of the microbial fuel cell was recorded at resistances of 100000, 10000, 5000, 1000, 500, 250, 100 and 50 Ω, respectively, and was represented by the formula PA＝U2/(RA), where PAAs a result of the power density, U is the voltage at the resistor terminal, R is the resistance of the external resistor, and A is the effective geometric area of the electrode, as shown in FIG. 3, the maximum power densities of examples 1-3 are 556.96, 1325.24 and 686.44mW/m, respectively2P of example 2ATo a maximum, in example 2More Fe is generated3O4The conductivity of the anode material is increased, so that the internal resistance of the microbial fuel cell is reduced. As described in FIG. 2, too much sodium benzene sulfinate reducing agent destroys the graphene structure, resulting in a decrease in the conductivity of the anode material in example 1, PAThe size of the electrode material is reduced, so that the three-dimensional graphene gel ball material can greatly improve the electricity generation performance of the microbial fuel cell, the conductivity of the anode material can be greatly improved by the magnetic gel ball electrode material synthesized in situ by the one-step method, and the dosage of the reducing agent is not too large so as to avoid damage to the graphene structure.
The above-mentioned embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any other modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A preparation method of a magnetic three-dimensional gel sphere anode material of a microbial fuel cell is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) taking 50-100 mL of 2-8 mg/mL graphene oxide dispersion liquid, and dropwise adding 0.1-1 mol/L FeCl into the dispersion liquid210-100 mL of solution, and after dropwise adding, performing ultrasonic cleaning in an ultrasonic cleaning machine to uniformly disperse the solution to obtain graphene oxide-FeCl2A dispersion liquid;
(2) to graphene oxide-FeCl2Dropwise adding 5-50 mL of 0.1-1 mol/L sodium benzene sulfinate into the dispersion liquid, and after dropwise adding, ultrasonically cleaning in an ultrasonic cleaning machine to uniformly disperse to obtain the graphene oxide-FeCl2-a sodium benzenesulfinate dispersion;
(3) adding graphene oxide-FeCl obtained in step (2)2Adding 1-3 mL of glacial acetic acid into the sodium benzene sulfinate dispersion liquid, and stirring for 1-5 min; adding 2-8 g of chitosan, stirring for 60-120 min after adding, wherein the stirring rotating speed is 1000-2000 r/min, then adjusting the rotating speed to 50-200 r/min, stirring for 60-120 min, and finally standing for 2-4 h to obtain the uniformly dispersed chitosan-free coatingA slurry of bubbles;
(4) dropwise adding the slurry obtained in the step (3) into 100-250 mL of 0.8-1.2 mol/L NaOH solution, and standing for 12-24 h to obtain a gel ball precursor;
(5) and (3) placing the gel ball precursor obtained in the step (4) in a water bath, heating at the constant temperature of 80-95 ℃ for 12-24 h, and cleaning for a plurality of times to obtain the magnetic three-dimensional gel ball anode material of the microbial fuel cell.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the graphene oxide dispersion liquid is obtained by placing the graphite oxide suspension in an ultrasonic cleaning machine and ultrasonically cleaning for 60-120 min.
3. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1) and the step (2), ultrasonic cleaning is performed for 30-60 min.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the amount of chitosan is 3 to 5 g.
5. The microbial fuel cell magnetic three-dimensional gel sphere anode material prepared by the preparation method of claim 1.
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