CN108181627A - The two-way locked mode femtosecond laser range unit of all -fiber and method based on time domain scanning - Google Patents
The two-way locked mode femtosecond laser range unit of all -fiber and method based on time domain scanning Download PDFInfo
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- CN108181627A CN108181627A CN201810017962.6A CN201810017962A CN108181627A CN 108181627 A CN108181627 A CN 108181627A CN 201810017962 A CN201810017962 A CN 201810017962A CN 108181627 A CN108181627 A CN 108181627A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S17/08—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of two-way locked mode femtosecond laser range units of all -fiber and method based on time domain scanning, belong to laser ranging field.The direct impulse that light source is sent out is divided into a branch of reference light pulse and a branch of measurement light pulse by Michelson interference unit；The reverse impulse that light source is sent out scans reference light pulse and the measurement light pulse that Michelson interference unit is sent out by pulse scanning element, generates distance measuring signal；The repetition value that data acquisition and procession device is measured according to distance measuring signal and frequency counter can access testing distance value.Compared to double light comb range units, which replaces double light combs using the laser of a generation bidirectional pulse, and does not need to adjustment repetition rate, measurement structure is optimized, and greatly reduces measurement ancillary equipment, reduces range unit volume, cost is saved, improves stability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of two-way locked mode femtosecond laser range units of all -fiber and method based on time domain scanning, belong to
Laser ranging field.
Background technology
Typical range measurement is generally divided into two methods.First method is time flying method.Time flying method
Principle be to be realized by measuring the two-way time interval of pulse.Time flying method has wide excellent of distance measurement ranges
Point is generally possible to measure several meters to hundreds of kms, and still, the temporal resolution of detector can only arrive picosecond magnitude, so measuring
Precision and resolving power are limited.Second method is laser interferance method.Laser interferance method uses continuous wave laser as light source,
Distance change amount, thus the resolving power with sub-wavelength are determined by measuring the mobile quantity of striped.Pass through stripe subdividing skill
Art, resolving power can reach tens nanometers；But since the displacement measurement between 2 points needs measurement target continuously to move
It is dynamic, it is easily influenced by external environment and breakpoint occurs, be not suitable for absolute distance measurement.
Femtosecond pulse has a characteristics such as wide spectrum, burst pulse, and femtosecond pulse is between the grade of series of stable in time domain
Every pulse train, and femtosecond pulse can provide a series of equally spaced frequencies from microwave frequency to optical frequency point on frequency domain
Cloth.The repetition rate of femtosecond pulse and carrier envelope phase are locked to simultaneously on the external reference rubidium clock of high stable, carried significantly
Stability in high femtosecond pulse time domain and frequency domain.Using these advantages, high-precision absolute distance measurement can be realized.
2009, Coddington etc. was realized using the femtosecond optical frequency comb of two PGC demodulations in the range of 1.5m
The range accuracy that lower 3 μm of 5kHz renewal rates.This method has the characteristics of measuring speed is fast, high certainty of measurement, range is big, still
Expanded range need to exchange the position of double combs, and operation is cumbersome；2010, Lee et al. was flown using balance optical cross-correlation technique
Pulse per second (PPS) time flying method, the measurement range of this method have reached 0.7km, and under the sampling time of 5ms, Allan variance reaches
117nm, when average time increasing to 1s, Allan variance is reduced to 7nm.This method post-processing is simple, and precision is high, and
It is limited without the coherence in periodical uncertainty and measurement distance.For certain testing distance, this method needs phase
Two repetition rates are locked, and the adjusting range of repetition rate is limited, is not suitable for close-in measurement in this way, there is survey
Measure dead zone.2014, Tsinghua University Li Yan etc. proposed a kind of based on the non-linear asynchronous optical sampling absolute distance survey of double light combs
Amount method.In experiment using repetition rate have fine difference two optical frequency coms realize Time Domain Optical scan, using based on
The frequency doubling technology of second type-Ⅱphase matching realizes the extraction of peak value so as to obtain the flight time.When average time is 0.5ms, mark
Quasi- difference is 1.48 μm, when average time is 500ms, standard deviation 82.9nm.
Invention content
In order to overcome above-mentioned technology there are the shortcomings that, the object of the invention provide it is a kind of based on time domain scanning all -fiber it is two-way
Locked mode femtosecond laser range unit and method.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that：
Based on time domain scanning the two-way locked mode femtosecond laser range unit of all -fiber, including light source, optical measuring device with
And data acquisition and procession device.
The optical measuring device is by Michelson interference unit and pulse scanning element；
The direct impulse that light source is sent out is divided into a branch of reference light pulse and a branch of measurement light by Michelson interference unit
Pulse；The reverse impulse that light source is sent out by pulse scanning element scan the reference light pulse that sends out of Michelson interference unit and
Light pulse is measured, generates distance measuring signal；The repetition that data acquisition and procession device is measured according to distance measuring signal and frequency counter
Value can access testing distance value.
The pulse scanning element includes：Second half wave plate 13, third half wave plate 10, the second polarization point
Light prism 14, the first convex lens 15, the second convex lens 17, two classes matching frequency-doubling crystal 16 and dichronic mirror 18；Second half
Wave plate 13, the effect of third half wave plate 10 are to adjust the polarization angle of linearly polarized light.Michelson interference unit generates
Reference light pulse and measure light pulse combined beam light be incident on the second polarization splitting prism 14 through third half wave plate 10,
Converge at the second polarization splitting prism 14 with the reverse impulse that light source is sent out, obtain converging light beam；Converge light beam successively to pass through
First convex lens 15, two classes matching frequency-doubling crystal 16, by data acquisition and procession device after the second convex lens 17 and dichronic mirror 18
It acquires and handles；
The light source is the two-way passive mode-locking annular femto-second laser of all -fiber of free-running；
The Michelson interference unit includes：First half wave plate 3, the first the 6, the 1st point of polarization splitting prism
One of wave plate 5, the second quarter-wave plate 7, speculum 4, beam expanding lens 8, corner cube reflector 9.The direct impulse warp that light source is sent out
After crossing the first half wave plate 3, punish into two beams in the first polarization splitting prism 6 and polarize vertical light.First half
The effect of wave plate 3 is to adjust the polarization state of light pulse that light source is sent out, and two beams are punished by the first polarization splitting prism 6 to change
Polarize the intensity of vertical light.It is reflected after speculum 4 is incident on after the first quarter-wave plate 5, as with reference to light arteries and veins
Punching；Another beam is expanded by the second quarter-wave plate 7 and beam expanding lens 8, is reflected after being incident on corner cube reflector 9, as survey
Measure light pulse.The effect of first quarter-wave plate 5, the second quarter-wave plate 7 is to make reference light pulse and the measurement of return
The polarization of light pulse is rotated by 90 °.Two beam reflected lights are converged at the first polarization splitting prism 6.
Light source is the two-way passive mode-locking annular femto-second laser of all -fiber of free-running.In general, in order to reduce spuious chamber
Reflection and reduction self-starting modelocking threshold value, passive mode-locking fiber laser will use optoisolator still, and this kind of modelocked fiber swashs
Light device is unidirectional loop, can only generate one direction mode locking pulse.The two-way passive mode-locking annular femto-second laser of all -fiber uses
Carbon nano-tube/polymer composite material is embedded in optical fiber connector, as saturated absorption to realize two-way locked mode, is answered by wavelength-division
It is formed with device, Er-doped fiber, photo-coupler, carbon nanotube, single mode optical fiber and Polarization Controller.There is no isolator in laser,
The two-way mode locking pulse of the stabilization of small repetition difference can be generated simultaneously, and a forward direction, another is reversely.Bidirectional pulse passes through respectively
It crosses erbium-doped fiber amplifier and dispersion compensating fiber carries out power amplification and pulse compression.
Since scanning light pulse and reference light pulse, measurement light pulse have small repetition poor, i.e., have in the time domain micro-
The small time difference, so, reference light pulse, measurement light pulse are equivalent to scanned light pulse scans.Two classes match frequency-doubling crystal 16
It is characterized in being incident in frequency-doubling crystal when two beams polarize vertical light, and when two-beam pulse overlaps in the time domain, generates
Frequency doubled light.Reference light pulse generates a branch of frequency doubled light with scanning light pulse, measures light pulse and generates another beam frequency multiplication with scanning light
Light.It after two beam frequency doubled lights are filtered by dichronic mirror 18, is detected by detector, respectively reference signal and measuring signal.
The repetition rate value for the bidirectional pulse that light source generates, repetition rate are measured using the frequency counter for being referenced to rubidium clock
Value be input to data acquisition and procession device.Distance measuring signal is acquired, it is excellent through digital independent, data filtering, peak value lookup, peak value
Change, peak fitting and apart from calculate etc. links, obtain pulse time-of-flight using peak-seeking technology, obtain testing distance value.
Advantageous effect
1st, the present invention provides a kind of high certainty of measurement, and renewal speed is fast, and the absolute distance measurement side of no measurement dead area
Method.
2nd, the present invention uses the two-way passive mode-locking annular femto-second laser of all -fiber of a free-running, compared to round trip flight
Second light comb telemetry, saves cost, improves stability.
3rd, the present invention does not need to locking repetition rate and deviation frequency, does not need to adjustment repetition rate, greatly reduces auxiliary
Measuring apparatus is helped, reduces range unit volume.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the two-way locked mode femtosecond laser range unit figure of all -fiber scanned based on time domain；
Fig. 2 is the two-way locked mode femtosecond laser range measurement principle figure of all -fiber scanned based on time domain；
Fig. 3 is pulse temporal scanning schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is distance measuring signal figure.
Wherein, the 1-the first erbium-doped fiber amplifier, the 2-the first dispersion compensating fiber, the 3-the first half wave plate,
4-speculum, the 5-the first quarter-wave plate, the 6-the first polarization splitting prism, the 7-the second quarter-wave plate, 8-expand
Mirror, 9-corner cube reflector, 10-third half wave plate, the 11-the second erbium-doped fiber amplifier, the 12-the second dispersion compensation
Optical fiber, the 13-the second half wave plate, the 14-the second polarization splitting prism, the 15-the first convex lens, 16-crystal, 17-the
Two convex lenses, 18-dichronic mirror
Specific embodiment
The embodiment that the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in Figure 1, the two-way locked mode femtosecond laser range unit of all -fiber based on time domain scanning, including light source, optics
Measuring device and data acquisition and procession device.
As shown in Fig. 2, light source is the two-way passive mode-locking annular femto-second laser of all -fiber of free-running, send out with micro-
The bidirectional pulse of small repetition difference, wherein, the repetition rate of direct impulse is fr, the repetition rate of reverse impulse is (fr+Δfr)。
Direct impulse carries out power amplification through erbium-doped fiber amplifier 1 and dispersion compensating fiber 2 and pulse is compressed.Light pulse passes through first
After half wave plate 3, punish into two beams in the first polarization splitting prism 6 and polarize vertical light pulse.It is a branch of through the one or four point
One of be incident on reference mirror 4 after wave plate 5, as with reference to light pulse；Another beam is through the second quarter-wave plate 7 and beam expanding lens
8 expand after be incident on corner cube reflector 9, as measure light pulse.Two beam reflected light pulses are at the first polarization splitting prism 6
Converge, through third half wave plate 10, be incident on the second polarization splitting prism 14.Reverse impulse is through the second Erbium-doped fiber amplifier
After 11 and second dispersion compensating fiber 12 of device carries out power amplification and pulse compression, with reference light pulse and measurement light pulse the
Converge at two polarization splitting prisms 14, converged through the first convex lens 15, be incident on two classes matching frequency-doubling crystal 16.
As shown in figure 3, scan schematic diagram for pulse temporal.In the time domain, the pulse spacing of direct impulse is 1/fr, reversely
The pulse spacing of pulse is 1/ (fr+Δfr).Since bidirectional pulse repetition rate is poor, one-to-one bidirectional pulse has certain
Time interval.Reverse impulse is equivalent to time interval Δ TrInswept direct impulse.The interval delta TrFor
Wherein, frFor the repetition rate of direct impulse, (fr+Δfr) be reverse impulse repetition rate, Δ frFor two-way arteries and veins
It is poor to rush repetition rate.
Two classes matching frequency-doubling crystal 16 is BBO (barium metaborate) crystal, and thickness 2mm is characterized in when two beams polarization is vertical
Light be incident in frequency-doubling crystal, and when two-beam pulse overlaps in the time domain, generate frequency doubled light.Bidirectional pulse is in the time domain
It shows as with Δ TrTime domain for step-length scans, and coincidence frequency is Δ fr, so, the frequency for generating frequency doubled light is also Δ fr.Also
It is to say every 1/ Δ frTime can complete one-shot measurement.Light source in the present embodiment is from the two-way passive lock of all -fiber ground
Modular ring shape femto-second laser, direct impulse repetition rate 75.805MHz, reverse impulse repetition rate 75.808MHz, by dividing above
Analysis is it is found that the ranging renewal speed of the device has reached 3kHz.
Reference light pulse generates a branch of frequency doubled light with scanning light pulse, measures light pulse and generates another beam with scanning light pulse
Frequency doubled light.It after two beam frequency doubled lights are filtered by dichronic mirror 18, is detected by detector, respectively reference signal and measuring signal.Color separation
The operating angle of mirror 18 is 0 °, and material is K9 type man-made glass, and function is the frequency doubled light that transmission peak wavelength is 775nm, and back wave
The fundamental frequency light of a length of 1550nm.
As shown in figure 4, TrefFor reference signal, TtarFor measuring signal.The fuzzy distance of this method is c/ (2ngfr), Tref
With TtarBetween time be the flight time in single times of fuzzy distance, so, total effective impulse flight time τdFor
Wherein, trefFor reference signal, ttarFor measuring signal；N is the integral multiple at direct impulse interval, by common rangefinder
Bigness scale obtains.In formula (2), if M=fr/Δfr≈ 15000, it means that put forward time sense by optical method
It is 15000 times high, compared with traditional time flight method, there is very high measurement accuracy in this way.
Then testing distance is
Wherein, the light velocity in c vacuum, ngFor air refraction.
The repetition rate value for the bidirectional pulse that light source generates, repetition rate are measured using the frequency counter for being referenced to rubidium clock
Value be input to data acquisition and procession device.Distance measuring signal is acquired, it is excellent through digital independent, data filtering, peak value lookup, peak value
Change, peak fitting and apart from calculate etc. links, obtain pulse time-of-flight using peak-seeking technology, obtained according to formula (3) to be measured
Distance value.
Above-described specific descriptions have carried out further specifically the purpose, technical solution and advantageous effect of invention
It is bright, it should be understood that the above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, the protection model being not intended to limit the present invention
It encloses, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should be included in the present invention
Protection domain within.
Claims (4)
1. the two-way locked mode femtosecond laser range unit of all -fiber based on time domain scanning, it is characterised in that：It is surveyed including light source, optics
Measure device and data acquisition and procession device；
The optical measuring device is by Michelson interference unit and pulse scanning element；
The direct impulse that light source is sent out is divided into a branch of reference light pulse and a branch of measurement light pulse by Michelson interference unit；
The reverse impulse that light source is sent out scans reference light pulse and the measurement that Michelson interference unit is sent out by pulse scanning element
Light pulse generates distance measuring signal；The repetition value that data acquisition and procession device is measured according to distance measuring signal and frequency counter is i.e.
It can obtain testing distance value.
2. the two-way locked mode femtosecond laser range unit of all -fiber as described in claim 1 based on time domain scanning, feature exist
In：The pulse scanning element includes：Second half wave plate, third half wave plate, the second polarization splitting prism, the
One convex lens, the second convex lens, two classes matching frequency-doubling crystal and dichronic mirror；The reference light pulse that Michelson interference unit generates
The second polarization splitting prism is incident on through third half wave plate with the combined beam light for measuring light pulse, in the second polarization spectro rib
Jing Chu converges with the reverse impulse that light source is sent out, and obtains converging light beam；Converge light beam to match by the first convex lens, two classes successively
It is acquired and is handled by data acquisition and procession device after frequency-doubling crystal, the second convex lens and dichronic mirror.
3. the two-way locked mode femtosecond laser range unit of all -fiber as described in claim 1 based on time domain scanning, feature exist
In：The light source is the two-way passive mode-locking annular femto-second laser of all -fiber of free-running.
4. the two-way locked mode femtosecond laser range unit of all -fiber as claimed in claim 1 or 2 based on time domain scanning, feature
It is：The Michelson interference unit includes：First half wave plate, the first polarization splitting prism, the first a quarter
Wave plate, the second quarter-wave plate, speculum, beam expanding lens and corner cube reflector；The direct impulse that light source is sent out passes through the one or two
After/mono- wave plate, vertical light is polarized into two beams in the punishment of the first polarization splitting prism；Enter after the first quarter-wave plate
It is reflected after being mapped to speculum, as with reference to light pulse；Another beam is expanded by the second quarter-wave plate and beam expanding lens, incident
It is reflected after to corner cube reflector, as measurement light pulse.
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| CN109239726A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2019-01-18 | 天津大学 | A kind of noncooperative target range-measurement system based on the double comb femto-second lasers of separate unit |
| CN109341842A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-02-15 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城计量测试技术研究所 | Utilize the long-range broadband vibration measuring system and method for double microcavity femtosecond laser frequency combs |
| CN110058216A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-07-26 | 北京航天计量测试技术研究所 | A kind of light channel structure, the application method of light channel structure, measuring system and method |
| CN111007525A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-04-14 | 合肥工业大学 | Arbitrary absolute distance measuring device based on single-flying-second optical frequency comb balance cross correlation |
| CN112361955A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-02-12 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城计量测试技术研究所 | Optical fiber Sagnac interferometer based on femtosecond laser |
| CN113074665A (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2021-07-06 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Line profile measuring method based on spectral resolution interference |
| CN113156449A (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2021-07-23 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城计量测试技术研究所 | Large-size rapid high-precision distance measuring method based on electro-optical modulation three-optical comb |
| CN113281766A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-08-20 | 清华大学 | Ranging system and method |
| CN113432630A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-09-24 | 国网河北省电力有限公司衡水供电分公司 | Distributed optical fiber sensing monitoring system |
| CN114089360A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-02-25 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城计量测试技术研究所 | High-precision filtering method based on double-optical comb femtosecond laser ranging system |
| CN114353697A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-04-15 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Ablation process structure surface topography measuring method |
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| CN109239726B (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2022-12-06 | 天津大学 | Non-cooperative target ranging system based on single double-comb femtosecond laser |
| CN109341842A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-02-15 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城计量测试技术研究所 | Utilize the long-range broadband vibration measuring system and method for double microcavity femtosecond laser frequency combs |
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| CN111007525B (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2022-08-30 | 合肥工业大学 | Arbitrary absolute distance measuring device based on single-flying-second optical frequency comb balance cross correlation |
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| CN112361955A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-02-12 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城计量测试技术研究所 | Optical fiber Sagnac interferometer based on femtosecond laser |
| CN112361955B (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2022-07-08 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城计量测试技术研究所 | Optical fiber Sagnac interferometer based on femtosecond laser |
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| CN113074665A (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2021-07-06 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Line profile measuring method based on spectral resolution interference |
| CN113432630A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-09-24 | 国网河北省电力有限公司衡水供电分公司 | Distributed optical fiber sensing monitoring system |
| CN113281766A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-08-20 | 清华大学 | Ranging system and method |
| CN113281766B (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2023-08-25 | 清华大学 | Distance measuring system and method |
| CN114089360A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-02-25 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城计量测试技术研究所 | High-precision filtering method based on double-optical comb femtosecond laser ranging system |
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| CN116047535B (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2024-03-22 | 电子科技大学 | Dual-optical frequency comb time-of-flight ranging system based on dispersion Fourier transform |
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