CN108180994A - A kind of full filed visible ray near-infrared lightning spectrum detection instrument - Google Patents
A kind of full filed visible ray near-infrared lightning spectrum detection instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN108180994A CN108180994A CN201810038062.XA CN201810038062A CN108180994A CN 108180994 A CN108180994 A CN 108180994A CN 201810038062 A CN201810038062 A CN 201810038062A CN 108180994 A CN108180994 A CN 108180994A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of full filed visible ray near-infrared lightning spectrum detection instruments, and including observation device and data processing equipment, observation device includes three tool housing, optical module, acoustic module parts；Tool housing opens round-meshed upper barn door, annular transparent protecting glass, shading bottom plate, domed transparent protecting glass and annular weather shield including center；Shading bottom plate is in the form of annular discs, and bottom center is equipped with stent converting interface；Annular transparent protecting glass surround shading bottom edge, and the side of being fixed thereon；Upper barn door is mounted on above clear glass protective cover, and center, which is provided with circular hole, is completely exposed flake wide-angle lens；Optical module includes eight identical transmission gratings, eight identical technical grade CCD cameras and a total sky imager；The spaced 45 ° of arrangements of eight technical grade CCD cameras circularize；Total sky imager is mounted on shading bottom plate top center by fixing bracket；Acoustic module includes sound receiver.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to weather monitoring device fields, and in particular to a kind of full filed visible ray near-infrared lightning spectrographic detection
Instrument.
Background technology
Thunder and lightning is a kind of electric discharge phenomena in air, can generate the effects such as electromagnetic radiation, light radiation, shock wave.Wherein,
The strong luminescence phenomenon of lightning channel is one of most significant feature, and the earliest understanding of lightning physics just comes from optics sight
It surveys.Optical observation means are other than using traditional or digital camera directly to shoot optical imagery at present, also by spectrograph
Sophisticated equipments shooting is waited to obtain spectral image information.
By studying the optical image information of lightning channel, can measure the thunder and lightning speed of development, the duration and
The features such as morphosis, the brightness change of channel.Wherein, the rotary streak camera of Boys (1926) inventions is put to deepening thunder and lightning
The understanding of electric process has landmark meaning.The camera lens of high-speed camera is symmetrically mounted on the diameter of a rotating circular disk by Boys
Both ends, camera lens is with disk high speed rotation, and the later camera lens that was improved to again is motionless, egative film high speed rotation.Boys cameras take
Thunder and lightning image is rendered as the bright fringes that can clearly differentiate in time, can clearly show that lightning channel drilling at any time
Change.Scholars disclose thunder and lightning and bear guide according to the clouds such as step form propagation, positive guide's approximate continuous development by Boys cameras
The basic structural feature that ground dodges.With the fast development of recent electronic technology, the spatial and temporal resolution of high-speed camera has significantly
Promotion, the digital type high speed video camera haveing excellent performance makes scholars that can more subtly study the development of lightning channel and drill
Change.
Lightning channel is made of the plasma of highly ionized, and spectral information can reflect the temperature of channel, electronics
The basic physical features such as concentration and conductivity.Early in late period in 19th century, spectral matching factor just becomes the important tool of research thunder and lightning.
Hersche (1868) identifies that the nitrogen spectral line of thunder discharge is the most bright spectral line of visible light wave range, and spectral line is opposite for the first time
Intensity changes with the difference of spectrum.Slipher (1917) obtains the photographic recording of first thunder and lightning spectrum.Dufay
(1949) being put forward for the first time thunder and lightning spectrum can be with quantitative response lightning channel and the physical condition of surrounding.The July of 2012, Cen Jianyong
Deng the spectrum of (2014) first record to ball lightning, analysis finds to include soil element in ball lightning.More and more
Scholar obtains the important understanding to lightning channel discharge characteristic by studying thunder and lightning spectrum.
At present, many people propose many innovations in thunder and lightning optical observation application, there is many granted patents
Power.Such as Liu Mingyuan (ZL201410099449.8) proposes a kind of thunder and lightning high-speed photometer, and the number of CCD is improved using fiber optic bundle
According to transmittability；Li Xiang superfine (ZL201420703008.X) proposes a kind of temperature testing device of lightning channel, by lightning
The infrared band and the relative line intensity of visible light wave range spectrum that channel is sent out are finally inversed by the temperature of lightning channel；Liu is old etc.
(ZL201310076766.3) a kind of lightning detection device is proposed, lightning activity is monitored using lightning optical signal.So
And the practical application of lightning channel spectral information is also seldom at present, spectral investigation is still primarily used to scientific research purpose, practical application
In it is still main using directly shooting obtained channel optical image.Therefore, a kind of full filed visible ray provided by the present invention is near
Infrared lightning spectral detection device will make up the blank of spectrum in practical applications well.Present invention incorporates lightning channels
Optical imagery lightning activity is monitored with spectral information, while the temperature, electron concentration, conductance of lightning channel are provided
The basic physical parameters such as rate.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of full filed visible ray near-infrared lightning spectrum
Survey meter.
The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved by following technical solution：
A kind of full filed visible ray near-infrared lightning spectrum detection instrument, it is described including observation device and data processing equipment
Observation device includes three tool housing, optical module, acoustic module parts；
The tool housing opens round-meshed upper barn door, annular transparent protecting glass, shading bottom plate, half including center
Spherical shaped transparent protecting glass and annular weather shield；The shading bottom plate is in the form of annular discs, and the center below shading bottom plate is provided with
One is used as the fixed stent converting interface of mounting bracket；Annular transparent protecting glass is fixed around the edge of shading bottom plate
Above shading bottom plate；Upper barn door is mounted on the top of clear glass protective cover, and middle position, which is provided with circular hole, makes flake wide
Angle mirror head is completely exposed；For the domed transparent protecting glass of flake wide-angle lens to be protected to justify mounted on upper barn door center
The top in hole；Annular weather shield is fitted around the edge below shading bottom plate；
The optical module includes eight identical transmission gratings, eight identical technical grade CCD cameras and a whole day
Empty imager；The transmission grating is mounted on by light barrier holder on shading bottom plate, and is close to the installation of camera lens front end；Every industry
Grade CCD camera is all made of camera lens and technical grade CCD camera fuselage two parts, and shading bottom plate is mounted on by fixing bracket
On, the spaced 45 ° of arrangements of eight technical grade CCD cameras circularize；Total sky imager is including flake wide-angle lens and accordingly
All-sky imaging CCD camera fuselage two parts, the total sky imager by fixing bracket be mounted on shading bottom plate above
Centre；
The acoustic module includes sound receiver, and sound receiver is mounted on by fixing bracket under shading bottom plate
Side.
Further, the back side of the shading bottom plate is equipped with radiator fan.
Further, there are two radiator fans, two identical radiator fans are symmetrically mounted in shading bottom plate
The back side.
Further, the acoustic module includes two identical highly sensitive sound receivers, passes through fixing bracket pair
Claim mounted on the lower section of shading bottom plate.
Further, the visual field of each technical grade CCD camera is 95 °.
Further, the data processing equipment includes data acquisition module, memory module, control module and data processing
Module.
Further, the control module is computer or microcontroller.
Advantages of the present invention：
(1) visual field of technical grade CCD camera that the present invention uniformly installs eight annulars is mutually overlapping, is capable of providing lightning
Panoramic picture during generation, while total sky imager is equipped with, it can finally obtain full filed optical picture when lightning event occurs
Picture；
(2) present invention realizes the automatic continuous observation to lightning event, and can be realized by external trigger to independent event
Automatically and continuously recording, the automatically and continuously recording of optical signature；
(3) present invention is able to record and analyzes the visible ray of lightning channel and the spectral information of near infrared band, and can be from
The parameters such as temperature, electron density, conductivity of lightning channel are obtained in spectral information, contribute to the angles of science monitoring of lightning activity with
Research；
(4) present invention is compact-sized, and monitoring range is wide, and detection efficient is high, and power is small, energy conservation and environmental protection.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the internal structure that the present invention is taken away on instrument after barn door 7 and domed transparent protecting glass 10 is overlooked
Schematic diagram.Wherein, 1 is transmission grating, and 2 be camera lens, and 3 be technical grade CCD camera fuselage, and 4 be flake wide-angle lens, and 5 be whole day
Sky imaging CCD camera fuselage, 8 be annular transparent protecting glass, and 9 be shading bottom plate.Wherein, 2 and 3 technical grade CCD is constituted
Camera, 4 and 5 constitute total sky imager.
Fig. 2 is the diagrammatic cross-sectional side elevation of structure of the present invention.Wherein, 6 be highly sensitive sound receiver, and 7 open for center
Round-meshed upper barn door, 10 be domed transparent protecting glass, and 11 be light barrier holder, and 12 be camera fixing support, and 13 are
Radiator fan, 15 be annular weather shield.Wherein, 7,8,9, the 10 and 15 protection shell for constituting instrument.
Fig. 3 is the schematic bottom view of structure of the present invention.Wherein, 14 be stent converting interface.
Fig. 4 is the workflow schematic diagram of the present invention.
Transmission grating diffraction principle figure when Fig. 5 is present invention work.Wherein, θ is incidence angle, and ψ is the angle of diffraction, and A points are
The light of wavelength X is focused at the light spot position on CCD after transmission grating diffraction by lens.
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram that 360 ° of field stitchings are carried out by CCD camera.Wherein, 1.-be 8. corresponding position work in Fig. 2
The visual field of industry grade CCD camera.Wherein, (a) is signal of eight 95 ° of field stitchings into 360 ° of visual fields, and (b) is an independent industry
95 ° of visual fields signal of grade CCD camera.
Fig. 7 is the panorama schematic diagram that the present invention is shot.
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram using acousto-optic reaching time-difference positioning lightning channel.Wherein, N is direct north, and E is due east
Direction；O is centre, and P is the luminous point being recorded in visual field, and azimuth γ, the distance with instrument is L.Wherein,
(a) obtained image is directly shot for total sky imager, (b) is that the image after distortion correction is carried out to (a).
Fig. 9 is the all-sky schematic diagram that the present invention is shot.
Figure 10 is the optic spectrum line schematic diagram that the present invention obtains.
Specific embodiment
The specific guarantor for introducing essentiality content of the present invention, but the present invention not being limited with this with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples
Protect range.
Full filed visible ray near infrared spectrum survey meter provided by the invention, is broadly divided into two parts：Observation device with
Data processing equipment.Wherein, observation device is mounted in external open environment, is responsible for observation Lightning Process.Data processing equipment
It is connected by the communications cable with observation device, is responsible for being acquired the Lightning data observed, store and Inversion Calculation.
Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 respectively show full filed visible ray near-infrared lightning spectrum detection instrument provided by the invention and see
The concrete structure of measurement equipment part, mainly including three tool housing, optical module, acoustic module parts.Specifically, such as figure institute
Show, observation device shell opens round-meshed upper barn door 7, annular transparent protecting glass 8, shading bottom plate 9, hemispherical by center
Clear glass protective cover 10 and annular weather shield 15 form.Wherein, shading bottom plate 9 is in the form of annular discs, and assembling is provided for other parts
Table top, while block the environment veiling glare below instrument, there is provided one the center of 9 lower section of shading bottom plate to fix as mounting bracket
Screw thread converting interface 14；Annular transparent protecting glass 8 is fixed on 9 top of shading bottom plate around the edge of shading bottom plate 9,
It penetrates ambient light and enters camera lens 2；Upper barn door 7 is mounted on the top of clear glass protective cover 8, and middle position is provided with
Circular hole is completely exposed flake wide-angle lens 4, while blocks the environment veiling glare above technical grade CCD camera；Domed transparent glass
Glass protective cover 10 is mounted on the top of upper 7 central circular hole of barn door, protects flake wide-angle lens；Annular weather shield 15 is fitted around
Edge below shading bottom plate 9 prevents rainwater and sundries etc. from influencing highly sensitive acoustic receiver 6 and radiator fan 15 just
Often work.Two identical radiator fans 13 are symmetrically mounted at the back side of shading bottom plate 9.
The optical module of observation device is complete by 8 identical transmission gratings, 8 identical technical grade CCD cameras and one
Sky imager forms.Wherein, transmission grating 1 is mounted on by light barrier holder 11 on shading bottom plate 9, and is close to 2 front end of camera lens
Installation, 8 transmission gratings 1 and its light barrier holder 11 are identical；Every technical grade CCD camera is all by camera lens 2 and technical grade CCD
3 two parts of camera body form, and are mounted on shading bottom plate 9 by fixing bracket 12,8 technical grade CCD cameras are mutual
It is circularized every 45 ° of arrangements, the visual field of each technical grade CCD camera is 95 °；Total sky imager is by flake wide-angle lens 4 and phase
The 5 two parts composition of all-sky imaging CCD camera fuselage answered, 9 top of shading bottom plate is being mounted on just by fixing bracket 12
Center.
The acoustic module of observation device is made of two identical highly sensitive acoustic receivers 6.Two highly sensitive sound
Receiver 6 is symmetrically mounted on the lower section of shading bottom plate 9 by fixing bracket 12.
Data processing equipment includes data acquisition module, memory module, control module and data processing module.Wherein, number
It can use such as high-speed collection card equipment that data are carried out implementing to acquire with simultaneously classified and stored according to memory module hard in high speed solid
In disk, control module can carry out automatically controlling observation device using such as computer or microcontroller, and data processing module can
Data are carried out with processing in real time to obtain the information such as lightning location, fine spectrum, lightning channel items physical parameter.
Illustrate the operation principle of full filed visible ray-near infrared spectrum survey meter provided by the invention below.
The fundamental mode and process of the present invention is as shown in Figure 4.When instrument nearby has lightning generation, lightning channel production
Raw luminescence phenomenon can be observed equipment and capture.Wherein, the visible ray and near infrared light that lightning is sent out can pass through transmitted light
Enter camera lens 2, and be imaged in the CCD chip inside technical grade CCD camera fuselage 3 after the diffraction light splitting effect of grid 1, dodge in this way
The spectral image information of electric channel can be recorded by CCD and is stored temporarily in the memory of camera；Meanwhile lightning is sent out
Visible ray also recorded by total sky imager.In this way, the image informations such as angle position of lightning channel luminous point and light
The time that line reaches all is recorded in by temporary cache in observation device.In addition, thunder signal caused by lightning channel can be by acoustics
Mould highly sensitive acoustic receiver 6 in the block is received, and pass through the features such as frequency and thunder acoustic signals are identified from environment, is remembered
The time that the lower thunder signal of record reaches.Carry out continuous record work after entire observation device part booting, no matter around whether
There is lightning, collected various information are understood in the memory that temporary caches are carried in fuselage, caching period 2s, but institute at this time
There is data information and be not recorded in memory module.Since full filed visible ray near infrared spectrum survey meter provided by the invention is
Judged in the form of triggering and record lightning event namely by external Lighting position machine to determine whether there is true lightning
Event occurs, and therefore, when there is the generation of lightning phenomenon in visual field really, external Lighting position machine can send to control module and touch
It signals, then, data of the temporary cache in observation device fuselage memory would be sent to data acquisition and memory module,
It is then then sent in data processing module and carries out Inversion Calculation.The data of transmission is adopt in each 1s (common 2s) before and after trigger point
The information collected.Data processing module carries out image spelling by the picture that technical grade CCD camera identical to 8 takes
It connects, obtains 360 ° of full filed picture；Inverting is carried out to the obtained spectral information of shooting, calculate observation lightning channel it is each
Item physical parameter；Meanwhile time difference during by means of acoustical signal and optical signal arrival detector, lightning nearby can be calculated and led to
The position in road.This completes the complete observations of a lightning event.
Specifically, full filed visible ray near-infrared lightning spectrum detection instrument provided by the invention obtains the original of spectral information
Reason, the calculating of the method and lightning channel items physical parameter of full filed splicing, acousto-optic difference positioning lightning are as follows；
(1) principle of spectral information is obtained：
It is clapped as shown in figure 5, illustrating spectrum in full filed visible ray near-infrared lightning spectrum detection instrument provided by the invention
The principle taken the photograph.Since the distance of lightning channel and instrument is far longer than the size of transmission grating, it is believed that on lightning channel certain
The light of point transmitting is similar at parallel light propagation to grating.The optical axis of transmission grating, lens and CCD is drawn with horizontal dotted line on figure
Go out.The directional light that certain point is sent out on lightning channel and optical axis incident grating into θ angle, by grating diffration, the light of different wave length
It can be emitted with the different angles of diffraction.It is assumed for convenience of explanation that a length of λ of incident light wave in Fig. 4, angle of diffraction ψ, what diffraction went out
Lens in camera lens 2 of the directional light Jing Guo technical grade CCD camera are focused at the A points on the CCD in technical grade CCD camera fuselage 3
Place.The directional light for the different wave length that lightning channel is sent out is after the convergence of grating diffration and lens, it may appear that in CCD not
With on position, spectrum picture is thus formed.What is recorded on CCD is 0 grade of preimage and ± 1 grade of spectrum.
Wherein, the temporal resolution parameter of optical module and the performance of CCD used are closely related.Work used in the present invention
The temporal resolution of industry grade CCD camera is generally 50 frames/second~200 frames/second, as the superior CCD camera of performance can be with
Reach higher temporal resolution.
Wherein, according to grating diffration characteristic, the spectral wavelength angular resolution of technical grade CCD camera can be calculated.Root
According to grating equation, have：
A [sin ψ-sin θ]=m λ (1)
(1) in formula, a is grating constant, i.e., the spacing of adjacent two groove on grating, and m is the series of grating, and ψ is the angle of diffraction,
θ is incidence angle, and λ is wavelength of light.ψ and θ is being for just when incident light and diffraction light are in the heteropleural of grating normal, when incident light and
Diffraction light ψ in the homonymy of grating normal is negative.Therefore, the angle of diffraction ψ expression formulas of first-order spectrum can be obtained：
(2) in formula and (3) formula, since wavelength of light λ is shorter, angle of diffraction ψ is smaller, therefore, spectrally closer to royal purple
The place of light, the distribution of different wave length light is more intensive, and resolution ratio is also poorer.In order to intuitively illustrate, herein using parameter A
(the average wavelength change often spent in angle) characterizes angular resolution, and the wavelength variation range included in 1 degree of angle of unit is bigger,
Angular resolution is poorer.The calculation formula of parameter A is as follows：
According to (4) formula as an example it is assumed that a branch of visible ray directional light (390~780nm of wave-length coverage) is with sin θ=0.2
Angle incidence groove number be 800 grooves/mm transmission grating, the parameter A values of first-order spectrum received on CCD are approximately
15.796nm/degree.At this point, the A values of first-order spectrum red light portion are less than 15.796nm/degree, angular resolution herein
Preferably；In the purple light part of first-order spectrum, A values are greater than 15.796nm/degree, and angular resolution herein is poor.It is higher
Grating line number can obtain better spectrum angular resolution.
(2) Panorama Mosaic process：
Specifically, as shown in fig. 6, illustrate full filed visible ray near-infrared lightning spectrum detection instrument provided by the invention
The method of full field of view image splicing.In figure 1.-be 8. corresponding position in Fig. 2 technical grade CCD camera field range, Fig. 6
(a) acquisition of 360 ° of visual fields is illustrated, ensure that the integrality that spectrum is imaged on CCD in this way；Fig. 6 (b) is shown
The visual field of single technical grade CCD camera.The visual field of each technical grade CCD camera is 95 °, overlapped, shadow representation in figure
The overlapping of each viewing field of camera edge is adjacent.1. and 2. specifically, two adjacent visual fields are as being overlapped 27.5 ° between；It is intermediate
1. and 3. two visual fields of 1 visual field are spaced as being overlapped 5 ° between.8 identical visual fields carry out in the manner described above successively
Arrangement.After each technical grade CCD camera takes image, then 8 figures are spliced using normal image, final acquisition full filed
Spectrum picture.The full-view visual field that Fig. 7 illustrates the independent visual field of technical grade CCD camera and gone out by independent field stitching.8 knots
The identical technical grade CCD camera of structure records the independent visual field at respective different location respectively, then in control process mould
In block, by normal image splicing, the panoramic picture of 360 ° of visual fields is finally synthesized.
(3) method of All-sky image and acousto-optic difference positioning lightning：
Specifically, Fig. 8, which illustrates full filed visible ray near-infrared lightning spectrum detection instrument provided by the invention, passes through sound, light
Signal arrival time difference carries out the schematic diagram of lightning location.N is direct north, and E is due east direction, and O is the center of visual field, and P is
The luminous point taken in visual field, the azimuth of P is γ.Fig. 7 (a) is the image signal that total sky imager takes, far
Occur distorting strongly after fish eye lens from the light on the object of camera, thus the image approximate recorded is round；Fig. 8
(b) to correct the visual field after distorting, the azimuth of P is constant, and the distance of P and field of view center (i.e. centre) is L.Fig. 9 institutes
Show, illustrate all-sky Lighting position machine and directly shoot obtained image and the image after distortion correction.Wherein, distance
L can be obtained by following formula：
L=v × (t1-t2)(5)
Wherein, v is the velocity of sound, generally desirable 340m/s；t1Position thunder signal arrival time, t2Reach the time for optical signal.
Wherein, lightning channel is positioned using acousto-optic arrival time difference method, detection range is mainly believed by sound
The influence of number propagation characteristic.It is assumed that the lightning channel point for generating thunder is regarded as point sound source, in the ideal case, thunder is passing
Decay in broadcasting according to spherical surface waveshape, there is following formula：
(6) in formula, △ l are attenuation degree of the sound in communication process, and unit dB, r are propagated to for sound from point sound source
The distance of certain point, unit m.
For example, consider ideal situation, it is assumed that thunder has 145dB at point sound source, and highly sensitive sound receiver is most
The low thunder that can detect 50dB, the energy of thunder are propagated in free space in the form of spherical wave, then according to above formula,
The critical distance for the thunder that highly sensitive sound receiver can receive is about 15km.However in reality, in complicated ring
Under the influence of the factors such as the noise of border and surrounding equipment, the investigative range of practical thunder may be much smaller than limiting value, and not
The investigative range of thunder has certain difference in the case of.For ordinary circumstance, acousto-optic difference positioning provided by the present invention
Method is suitable for the lightning channel situation nearer apart from instrument, when lightning channel apart from instrument farther out when, acoustical signal information is lost,
Mainly optical signal information is analyzed and processed at this time.
(4) localization method of lightning channel items physical parameter：
Figure 10 illustrates the schematic diagram of lightning channel optic spectrum line that the present invention obtains.It, can be with reference to spectral information is obtained
It is finally inversed by the important basic physical parameters such as the temperature, electron concentration and conductivity of lightning channel.
A. channel temperature：
Lightning channel temperature can be calculated by doubl-line method or multi-line method.Channel temperature is most basic parameter
One of, as long as calculating channel temperature T, it will be able to further extrapolate all other physical parameters of channel.
Doubl-line method is calculated by the intensity ratio of two spectral lines of identity element：
(7) in formula, k is Boltzmann constant；λ is wavelength；E1、E2For excitation energy, unit eV is checked in by spectral line；G is
Statistical weight, A are transition probability, and value can also be checked in by nist databases；I1、I2For the intensity of spectral line, can be measured by spectrum.By
This can calculate plasma temperature.When calculating temperature with doubl-line method, the excitation of selected two spectral lines can differ big.
As shown in Figure 10, it may be considered that the relevant parameter of selection 821.6 spectral line of NI 648.2 and NI brings above formula into and calculates channel temperature
T。
Multi-line method in LTE (local thermodynamic equilibrium) model, is calculated by a plurality of spectral line of identity element：
(8) in formula, I is relative line intensity, and λ is wavelength, g is statistical weight, A is transition probability, E is excitation energy.With E
For abscissa, ln (In/gA) is ordinate, and with least square fitting straight line, temperature T can be obtained by the slope of straight line.When
When having got more clearly spectral line, it may be considered that obtain more accurate channel temperature inverting value using multi-line method.Such as figure
Shown in 10, it is contemplated that the spectral line for choosing NII is calculated.
B. electron density
Under LTE approximations, obtained by Saha equation calculations：
(9) in formula, neFor electron number densitiy, Ia、IiFor the atom line of same element and ion line intensity, V is the electricity of atom
From energy, T is channel temperature.Electron density neSolution based on the solution of channel temperature T, pass through doubl-line method or multiline
After method calculates channel temperature T, electron density n just can be easily solvedeValue.
C. channel conductance rate
Lightning channel is regarded as being made of plasma, conductivity can be calculated by following formula：
(10) in formula, σ be channel conductance rate, neFor electron number densitiy, T is channel temperature.Channel temperature T is solved successively
With electron density neAfterwards, channel conductance rate σ can be also readily available.
To sum up, the visual field of technical grade CCD camera that the present invention uniformly installs eight annulars is mutually overlapping, is capable of providing sudden strain of a muscle
Panoramic picture when electricity occurs, while total sky imager is equipped with, it can finally obtain full filed optics when lightning event occurs
Image.
The effect of above-described embodiment is specifically to introduce the essentiality content of the present invention, but those skilled in the art should know
Protection scope of the present invention should not be confined to the specific embodiment by road.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of full filed visible ray near-infrared lightning spectrum detection instrument, including observation device and data processing equipment, feature
It is：The observation device includes three tool housing, optical module, acoustic module parts；
The tool housing opens round-meshed upper barn door, annular transparent protecting glass, shading bottom plate, hemispherical including center
Clear glass protective cover and annular weather shield；The shading bottom plate is in the form of annular discs, and the center below shading bottom plate is provided with one
As the fixed stent converting interface of mounting bracket；Annular transparent protecting glass is fixed on screening around the edge of shading bottom plate
Above optical substrate；Upper barn door is mounted on the top of clear glass protective cover, and middle position, which is provided with circular hole, makes flake wide-angle lens
Head is completely exposed；For the domed transparent protecting glass of flake wide-angle lens to be protected to be mounted on upper barn door central circular hole
Top；Annular weather shield is fitted around the edge below shading bottom plate；
The optical module include eight identical transmission gratings, eight identical technical grade CCD cameras and an all-sky into
As instrument；The transmission grating is mounted on by light barrier holder on shading bottom plate, and is close to the installation of camera lens front end；Every technical grade
CCD camera is all made of camera lens and technical grade CCD camera fuselage two parts, is mounted on shading bottom plate by fixing bracket,
The spaced 45 ° of arrangements of eight technical grade CCD cameras circularize；Total sky imager is complete including flake wide-angle lens and accordingly
Sky is imaged CCD camera fuselage two parts, which is mounted on the center above shading bottom plate by fixing bracket
Centre；
The acoustic module includes sound receiver, and sound receiver is mounted on the lower section of shading bottom plate by fixing bracket.
2. full filed visible ray near-infrared lightning spectrum detection instrument according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The shading
The back side of bottom plate is equipped with radiator fan.
3. full filed visible ray near-infrared lightning spectrum detection instrument according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The heat dissipation
There are two fans, and two identical radiator fans are symmetrically mounted at the back side of shading bottom plate.
4. full filed visible ray near-infrared lightning spectrum detection instrument according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The acoustics
Module includes two identical highly sensitive sound receivers, and the lower section of shading bottom plate is symmetrically mounted on by fixing bracket.
5. full filed visible ray near-infrared lightning spectrum detection instrument according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Each industry
The visual field of grade CCD camera is 95 °.
6. full filed visible ray near-infrared lightning spectrum detection instrument according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The data
Processing equipment includes data acquisition module, memory module, control module and data processing module.
7. full filed visible ray near-infrared lightning spectrum detection instrument according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The control
Module is computer or microcontroller.
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| CN112033535A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-12-04 | 盐城工学院 | Multispectral sensor without dead angle |
| CN114518169A (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2022-05-20 | 北京万龙精益科技有限公司 | Lightning detection base station, lightning detection system and lightning detection method based on solar blind waveband signals |
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