CN108170941A - A kind of iso Forecasting Methodology of mould steel forging process - Google Patents
A kind of iso Forecasting Methodology of mould steel forging process Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of iso Forecasting Methodologies of mould steel forging process, and the width direction of forging is defined as x directions, and the thickness direction of forging is defined as y directions, the length direction of forging are defined as z directions, which is characterized in that include the following steps：S1：The forging, through finite element analysis, obtains the stress σ on the forging x, y, z direction in forging processix、σiy、σizAnd strain stressix、εiy、εiz, S2：The direction of forging x, y, z described in step number unit, which is respectively forged, in solution forging process adds up work of deformationS3：Solve the sum of forging x, y, z Direction distortion work(described in entire forging processS4：Solve x z etc. tropisms ψxz=Wx/Wz, y z etc. tropisms ψyz=Wy/Wz.The present invention need to only utilize x, y and z direction stress and strain in finite element solving forging process, solve the sum of x, y and z Direction distortion work(, it is possible to calculate forging process mould steel etc. tropisms, Forecasting Methodology of the present invention is more simple, conveniently.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Forecasting Methodology in metallurgical material field, specifically a kind of mould steel forging process etc. to
The Forecasting Methodology of property.
Background technology
Etc. tropisms refer to the uniform level of institutional framework and mechanical property of each position of mold on different geometric directions,
It is a basic performance indices of the mold practical application to its own.Mould inside performance inconsistency is excessive or Local Property is excessively poor,
So that mold easily occurs collapsing the failures such as angle and cracking in use.In order to improve the service life of mold, it is desirable that
Mold has the tropisms such as high.In order to the tropisms index such as obtain, need to carry out mold sample horizontal and vertical impact flexibility
Test, using the ratio of laterally and longitudinally ballistic work as etc. tropisms.It there is no the iso prediction side of mould steel forging process at present
Method.For this purpose, developing a kind of iso Forecasting Methodology of mould steel forging process seems additional important.
Invention content
According to the technical issues of set forth above, and provide a kind of iso Forecasting Methodology of mould steel forging process.This hair
The technological means of bright use is as follows：
A kind of iso Forecasting Methodology of mould steel forging process, is defined as x directions, by forging by the width direction of forging
Thickness direction be defined as y directions, the length direction of forging is defined as z directions, is included the following steps：
S1：The forging, through finite element analysis, obtains the stress σ in the x directions of each unit in forging processixAnd strain stressix、
The stress σ in the y directions of each unitiyAnd strain stressiy, each unit z directions stress σizAnd strain stressiz, wherein i is more than or equal to 1
Positive integer；
S2：The direction of forging x described in step number unit, which is respectively forged, in solution forging process adds up work of deformation The direction of forging y described in step number unit, which is respectively forged, in solution forging process adds up work of deformation The direction of forging z described in step number unit, which is respectively forged, in solution forging process adds up work of deformation Wherein Δ ViFor unit volume, n is number of unit, and m is forging step number；
S3：Solve the sum of forging x Direction distortion work(described in entire forging process Wx,Solve entire forging
The sum of described forging y Direction distortion work(W during makingy,Solve forging z directions described in entire forging process
The sum of work of deformation Wz,Wherein sp is final forging step number；
S4：The tropisms such as solution：X-z etc. tropisms ψxz, ψxz=Wx/Wz, y-z etc. tropisms ψyz, ψyz=Wy/Wz。
The software that the finite element analysis uses is Abaqus.
The present invention need to only utilize x, y and z direction stress and strain in finite element solving forging process, solve x, y and z direction
The sum of work of deformation, it is possible to calculate forging process mould steel etc. tropisms.Instead of it is traditional by mold steel curved beam into
The horizontal and vertical impact flexibility test of row, using the ratio of transverse and longitudinal ballistic work as iso method, this method is suitable for
Mould steel etc. tropisms prediction.
The present invention can be widely popularized in field of metallurgy for the foregoing reasons.
Specific embodiment
Described embodiment is part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based in the present invention
Embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art's all other embodiments obtained without making creative work, all
Belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
A kind of iso Forecasting Methodology of mould steel forging process, is defined as x directions, by forging by the width direction of forging
Thickness direction be defined as y directions, the length direction of forging is defined as z directions, is included the following steps：
S1：The forging, through finite element analysis, obtains the stress σ in the x directions of each unit in forging processixAnd strain stressix、
The stress σ in the y directions of each unitiyAnd strain stressiy, each unit z directions stress σizAnd strain stressiz, wherein i is more than or equal to 1
Positive integer；
S2：The direction of forging x described in step number unit, which is respectively forged, in solution forging process adds up work of deformation The direction of forging y described in step number unit, which is respectively forged, in solution forging process adds up work of deformation The direction of forging z described in step number unit, which is respectively forged, in solution forging process adds up work of deformation Wherein Δ ViFor unit volume, n is number of unit, and m is forging step number；
S3：Solve the sum of forging x Direction distortion work(described in entire forging process Wx,Solve entire forging
The sum of described forging y Direction distortion work(W during makingy,Solve forging z directions described in entire forging process
The sum of work of deformation Wz,Wherein sp is final forging step number；
S4：The tropisms such as solution：X-z etc. tropisms ψxz, ψxz=Wx/Wz, y-z etc. tropisms ψyz, ψyz=Wy/Wz。
The software that the finite element analysis uses is Abaqus.
Embodiment 1
The preparation process of forging is as follows：
(1) raw material are chosen：The raw material are 3Cr2MnNiMo plastic die steels, each Ingredients Weight in the raw material
Percentage is：C：0.35%, Si：0.32%, Mn：1.32%, P ＜ 0.003%, S ＜ 0.004%, Ni：0.96%, Cr：
1.9%, Mo：0.34%, surplus trace element for Fe and inevitably；
(2) above-mentioned raw material are cast to cylindrical steel ingot by the way of vacuum induction smelting, size Ф 100mm ×
200mm；
(3) homogenize process：By above-mentioned Heating Steel Ingots to 650 DEG C, and 4h is kept the temperature, then with the speed of 90 DEG C/h by described in
Heating Steel Ingots keep the temperature 4h afterwards to 1230 DEG C；
(4) it forges：The forging technology pulled out using a upsetting one, forging step number are 5 steps, and wherein upset ratio is 2, and pulling ratio is
2.2, the initial forging temperature of forging is 1160 DEG C, 830 DEG C of the final forging temperature of the forging；The change in size of steel ingot is such as in forging process
Shown in table 1：
Table 1
(5) heat treatment process：By quenching, tempering after air-cooled after the steel ingot of step (4) carries out normalizing successively, liberation of hydrogen annealing
It is air-cooled afterwards；The normalizing is that 865 DEG C and the Heating Steel Ingots through step (4) are kept the temperature 5h, and air-cooled later, the liberation of hydrogen is annealed into
Above-mentioned Heating Steel Ingots to 660 DEG C and are kept the temperature into 2h, the tempering is that 510 DEG C and above-mentioned Heating Steel Ingots are kept the temperature 1h, final
To forging.
Iso prediction is carried out to the forging prepared through above-mentioned flow, the width direction of forging is defined as x directions, it will
The thickness direction of forging is defined as y directions, and the length direction of forging is defined as z directions, using Abaqus softwares to by upper
It states step (1)-forging obtained from (5) and carries out finite element analysis, obtain the stress σ in the x directions of the forging each unitixWith should
Become εix, the forging each unit y directions stress σiyAnd strain stressiy, the forging each unit z directions stress σizWith should
Become εiz, wherein i is the positive integer more than or equal to 1；The direction of forging x described in step number unit is respectively forged in solution forging process to add up
Work of deformation The direction of forging y described in step number unit is respectively forged in solution forging process to add up to become
Shape work( The direction of forging z described in step number unit is respectively forged in solution forging process to add up to deform
Work( Wherein Δ ViFor unit volume, n is number of unit, and m is forging step number；Often step forging step number
Shown in forging x, y, z direction unit add up work of deformationAs shown in table 2；
Table 2
Solve the sum of forging x Direction distortion work(described in entire forging process Wx,Solve entire forging
The sum of described forging y Direction distortion work(W in the processy,Solve the changes of forging z directions described in entire forging process
The sum of shape work(Wz,Wherein sp is 5；The tropisms such as solution：X-z etc. tropisms ψxz, ψxz=Wx/Wz, the grade of y-z to
Property ψyz, ψyz=Wy/Wz.Obtain the tropisms ψ such as the tropisms budget result x-z such as finalxz=Wx/WzThe tropisms such as=0.76, y-z ψyz=
Wy/Wz=0.81.
To carrying out falling weight impact test, impact test equipment at 20 DEG C through above-mentioned steps (1)-forging obtained from (5)
For Instron 9250HV drop hammer impact testing machines, x directions sample ballistic work is 10.1J, and z directions sample ballistic work is 13.1J,
The tropisms such as x-z value is 0.771；Y directions sample ballistic work is 10.8J, and longitudinal test piece ballistic work is for the tropisms value such as 13.1J, y-z
0.824。
Embodiment 2
The preparation process of forging is as follows：
(1) raw material are chosen：The raw material are 3Cr2MnNiMo plastic die steels, each Ingredients Weight in the raw material
Percentage is：C：0.37%, Si：0.28%, Mn：1.4%, P ＜ 0.004%, S ＜ 0.005%, Ni：1.0%, Cr：
1.94%, Mo：0.33%, surplus trace element for Fe and inevitably；
(2) above-mentioned raw material are cast to cylindrical steel ingot by the way of electroslag remelting, the size of the steel ingot is Φ
92×195mm；
(3) homogenize process：By Heating Steel Ingots to 660 DEG C, and 3h is kept the temperature, then with the speed of 80 DEG C/h by the steel ingot
1200 DEG C are heated to, keeps the temperature 5h afterwards；
(4) it forges：The forging technology pulled out using two upsettings two, forging step number are 10 steps, and wherein upset ratio is 2, and pulling ratio is
2, the initial forging temperature of forging is 1150 DEG C, 820 DEG C of the final forging temperature of the forging, the change in size of steel ingot such as table in forging process
Shown in 3.
Table 3
(5) heat treatment process：By quenching, tempering after air-cooled after the steel ingot of step (4) carries out normalizing successively, liberation of hydrogen annealing
It is air-cooled afterwards；The normalizing is that 880 DEG C and the Heating Steel Ingots through step (4) are kept the temperature 4.5h, air-cooled later, the liberation of hydrogen annealing
For to 650 DEG C and above-mentioned Heating Steel Ingots are kept the temperature 3h, the tempering is that 520 DEG C and above-mentioned Heating Steel Ingots are kept the temperature 2h, finally
Obtain forging.
Iso prediction is carried out to the forging prepared through above-mentioned flow, the width direction of forging is defined as x directions, it will
The thickness direction of forging is defined as y directions, the length direction of forging is defined as z directions, using Abaqus softwares to through above-mentioned
Step (1)-forging obtained from (5) carries out finite element analysis, obtains the stress σ in the forging each unit x directionsixAnd strain
εix, the forging each unit y directions stress σiyAnd strain stressiy, each unit forging z directions stress σizAnd strain stressiz,
Wherein i is the positive integer more than or equal to 1；The direction of forging x described in step number unit is respectively forged in solution forging process to add up to deform
Work( The direction of forging y described in step number unit, which is respectively forged, in solution forging process adds up work of deformation The direction of forging z described in step number unit, which is respectively forged, in solution forging process adds up work of deformation Wherein Δ ViFor unit volume, n is number of unit, and m is forging step number；In often step forging step number
Shown forging x, y, z direction unit adds up work of deformationAs shown in table 4；
Table 4
Solve the sum of forging x Direction distortion work(described in entire forging process Wx,Solve entire forging
The sum of described forging y Direction distortion work(W in the processy,Solve the changes of forging z directions described in entire forging process
The sum of shape work(Wz,Wherein sp is 10；The tropisms such as solution：X-z etc. tropisms ψxz, ψxz=Wx/Wz, y-z etc.
Tropism ψyz, ψyz=Wy/Wz.Obtain the tropisms ψ such as the tropisms budget result x-z such as finalxz=Wx/WzThe tropisms such as=0.94, y-z ψyz
=Wy/Wz=0.97.
To carrying out falling weight impact test, impact test equipment at 20 DEG C through above-mentioned steps (1)-forging obtained from (5)
For Instron 9250HV drop hammer impact testing machines, x directions sample ballistic work is 14.8J, and z directions sample ballistic work is 15.6J,
The tropisms such as x-z value is 0.948；Y directions sample ballistic work is 15.2J, and z directions sample ballistic work is the tropisms value such as 15.6J, y-z
It is 0.974.
Embodiment 3
The preparation process of forging is as follows：
(1) raw material are chosen：The raw material are Cr8Mo2SiV cold work die steels, each Ingredients Weight in the raw material
Percentage is：C：1.07%, Si：0.96%, Mn：0.35-0.4%, P ＜ 0.005%, S ＜ 0.003%, Cr：8.06%, Mo：
2.31%, V：0.32%, surplus trace element for Fe and inevitably；
(2) above-mentioned raw material are cast to cylindrical steel ingot by the way of electroslag remelting, the size of the steel ingot is φ
110mm×200mm；
(3) homogenize process：By Heating Steel Ingots to 670 DEG C, and 4h is kept the temperature, then with the speed of 95 DEG C/h by the steel ingot
1200 DEG C are heated to, keeps the temperature 4.5h afterwards；
(4) it forges：The forging technology pulled out using a upsetting one, forging step number are 5 steps, and wherein upset ratio is 2, and pulling ratio is
2.2, the initial forging temperature of forging is 1185 DEG C, 835 DEG C of the final forging temperature of the forging.The change in size of steel ingot is such as in forging process
Shown in table 5.
Table 5
(5) heat treatment process：After the steel ingot of step (4) is annealed successively cold, double tempering will be taken out after furnace cooling, normalizing
It is air-cooled afterwards；Described to be annealed into the Heating Steel Ingots through step (4) to 860 DEG C and keep the temperature 6h, above-mentioned steel ingot is is added by the normalizing
Heat is to 1030 DEG C and keeps the temperature 20min, and the double tempering is that 210 DEG C and above-mentioned Heating Steel Ingots are kept the temperature 2h, finally obtains forging
Part.
Iso prediction is carried out to the forging prepared through above-mentioned flow, the width direction of forging is defined as x directions, it will
The thickness direction of forging is defined as y directions, the length direction of forging is defined as z directions, using Abaqus softwares to through above-mentioned
Step (1)-forging obtained from (5) carries out finite element analysis, obtains the stress σ in the forging each unit x directionsixAnd strain
εix, the forging each unit y directions stress σiyAnd strain stressiy, the forging each unit z directions stress σizAnd strain stressiz,
Wherein i is the positive integer more than or equal to 1；The direction of forging x described in step number unit is respectively forged in solution forging process to add up to deform
Work( The direction of forging y described in step number unit, which is respectively forged, in solution forging process adds up work of deformation The direction of forging z described in step number unit, which is respectively forged, in solution forging process adds up work of deformation Wherein Δ ViFor unit volume, n is number of unit, and m is forging step number；In often step forging step number
Shown forging x, y, z direction unit adds up work of deformationAs shown in table 6；
Table 6
Solve the sum of forging x Direction distortion work(described in entire forging process Wx,Solve entire forging
The sum of described forging y Direction distortion work(W in the processy,Solve the changes of forging z directions described in entire forging process
The sum of shape work(Wz,Wherein sp is 5；The tropisms such as solution：X-z etc. tropisms ψxz, ψxz=Wx/Wz, the grade of y-z to
Property ψyz, ψyz=Wy/Wz.Obtain the tropisms ψ such as the tropisms budget result x-z such as finalxz=Wx/WzThe tropisms such as=0.62, y-z ψyz=
Wy/Wz=0.71.
To carrying out falling weight impact test, impact test equipment at 20 DEG C through above-mentioned steps (1)-forging obtained from (5)
For Instron 9250HV drop hammer impact testing machines, x directions sample ballistic work is 8.2J, and z directions sample ballistic work is 13.1J,
The tropisms such as x-z value is 0.626；Y directions sample ballistic work is 9.4J, and z directions sample ballistic work is for the tropisms value such as 13.1J, y-z
0.717。
Embodiment 4
The preparation process of forging is as follows：
(1) raw material are chosen：The raw material are 4Cr5MoSiV1 hot die steels, each Ingredients Weight in the raw material
Percentage is：C：0.41%, Si：0.85%, Mn：0.45%, P ＜ 0.004%, S ＜ 0.003%, Cr：5.2%, Mo：
1.7%, V：1.0%, surplus trace element for Fe and inevitably；
(2) above-mentioned raw material are cast to cylindrical steel ingot using using vacuum induction mode, the size of the steel ingot is
φ113×680mm；
(3) homogenize process：By Heating Steel Ingots to 670 DEG C, and 3h is kept the temperature, then with the speed of 85 DEG C/h by the steel ingot
1220 DEG C are heated to, keeps the temperature 4h afterwards；
(4) it forges：The forging technology pulled out using two upsettings two, forging step number are 10 steps, and wherein upset ratio is 2, and pulling ratio is
2, the initial forging temperature of forging is 1150 DEG C, 820 DEG C of the final forging temperature of the forging.The change in size of steel ingot such as table in forging process
Shown in 7.
Table 7
(5) heat treatment process：By quenching, double tempering after the steel ingot of step (4) carries out two benches annealing, normalizing successively
It is air-cooled afterwards；The two benches, which are annealed into, to 880 DEG C and to be air-cooled to 760 DEG C through the Heating Steel Ingots of step (4) after keeping the temperature 2h and protect
Warm 3h, the normalizing are that 1030 DEG C and above-mentioned Heating Steel Ingots are kept the temperature 20min, and the double tempering is by above-mentioned Heating Steel Ingots
To 560 DEG C and 2h is kept the temperature, finally obtains forging.Iso prediction is carried out to the forging prepared through above-mentioned flow, by forging
Width direction is defined as x directions, and the thickness direction of forging is defined as y directions, and the length direction of forging is defined as z directions,
Using Abaqus softwares to through above-mentioned steps (1)-obtained from (5) forging carry out finite element analysis, obtain each list of the forging
The stress σ in first x directionsixAnd strain stressix, the forging each unit y directions stress σiyAnd strain stressiy, the forging each unit z
The stress σ in directionizAnd strain stressiz, wherein i is the positive integer more than or equal to 1；It solves and is respectively forged described in step number in forging process
Forging x directions unit adds up work of deformation It solves respectively to forge described in step number in forging process and forge
Part y directions unit adds up work of deformation It solves in forging process and respectively forges forging z described in step number
Direction unit adds up work of deformation Wherein Δ ViFor unit volume, n is number of unit, and m is forging
Step number；Forging x, y, z direction unit adds up work of deformation shown in often step forging step numberAs shown in table 8；
Table 8
Solve the sum of forging x Direction distortion work(described in entire forging process Wx,Solve entire forging
The sum of described forging y Direction distortion work(W in the processy,Solve the changes of forging z directions described in entire forging process
The sum of shape work(Wz,Wherein sp is 10；The tropisms such as solution：X-z etc. tropisms ψxz, ψxz=Wx/Wz, y-z etc.
Tropism ψyz, ψyz=Wy/Wz.Obtain the tropisms ψ such as the tropisms budget result x-z such as finalxz=Wx/WzThe tropisms such as=0.5, y-z ψyz
=Wy/Wz=0.47.
To carrying out falling weight impact test, impact test equipment at 20 DEG C through above-mentioned steps (1)-forging obtained from (5)
For Instron 9250HV drop hammer impact testing machines, x directions sample ballistic work is 8.2J, and z directions sample ballistic work is 16J, x-z
Etc. tropisms value be 0.513；Y directions sample ballistic work is 7.7J, and z directions sample ballistic work is that the tropisms such as 16J, y-z value is 0.48.
It is can be found that by embodiment 1-4 by using the result that the tropisms Forecasting Methodology such as of the present invention obtains with leading to
It is very close to cross the actual measured results that falling weight impact test obtains.Forecasting Methodology of the present invention is more simple, conveniently, only
X, y and z direction stress and strain in finite element solving forging process need to be utilized, solves the sum of x, y and z Direction distortion work(, so that it may
With calculate forging process mould steel etc. tropisms.
Finally it should be noted that：The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention., rather than its limitations；To the greatest extent
Pipe is described in detail the present invention with reference to foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that：Its according to
Can so modify to the technical solution recorded in foregoing embodiments either to which part or all technical features into
Row equivalent replacement；And these modifications or replacement, various embodiments of the present invention technology that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution
The range of scheme.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of iso Forecasting Methodology of mould steel forging process, is defined as x directions, by forging by the width direction of forging
Thickness direction is defined as y directions, the length direction of forging is defined as z directions, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
S1：The forging, through finite element analysis, obtains the stress σ in the x directions of each unit in forging processixAnd strain stressix, each list
The stress σ in the y directions of memberiyAnd strain stressiy, each unit z directions stress σizAnd strain stressiz, wherein i is more than or equal to 1 just
Integer；
S2：The direction of forging x described in step number unit, which is respectively forged, in solution forging process adds up work of deformation The direction of forging y described in step number unit, which is respectively forged, in solution forging process adds up work of deformation The direction of forging z described in step number unit, which is respectively forged, in solution forging process adds up work of deformation Wherein Δ ViFor unit volume, n is number of unit, and m is forging step number；
S3：Solve the sum of forging x Direction distortion work(described in entire forging process Wx,Solution was entirely forged
The sum of the Direction distortion work(of forging y described in journey Wy,Solve forging z Direction distortions described in entire forging process
The sum of work(Wz,Wherein sp is final forging step number；
S4：The tropisms such as solution：X-z etc. tropisms ψxz, ψxz=Wx/Wz, y-z etc. tropisms ψyz, ψyz=Wy/Wz。
2. a kind of iso Forecasting Methodology of mould steel forging process according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described to have
The software that finite element analysis uses is Abaqus.
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