CN108169856B - Wavelength-dependent loss compensation method and fixed optical attenuator - Google Patents
Wavelength-dependent loss compensation method and fixed optical attenuator Download PDFInfo
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- CN108169856B CN108169856B CN201810049542.6A CN201810049542A CN108169856B CN 108169856 B CN108169856 B CN 108169856B CN 201810049542 A CN201810049542 A CN 201810049542A CN 108169856 B CN108169856 B CN 108169856B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/264—Optical coupling means with optical elements between opposed fibre ends which perform a function other than beam splitting
- G02B6/266—Optical coupling means with optical elements between opposed fibre ends which perform a function other than beam splitting the optical element being an attenuator
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a compensation method of wavelength-dependent loss and a fixed optical attenuator. The method is applied to a fixed optical attenuator and comprises the following steps: obtaining a target compensation function of the fixed optical attenuator; performing optimization simulation calculation on the target compensation function to obtain a plurality of target chirp parameters of the target chirped fiber grating; engraving the target chirped fiber grating according to the target chirped parameters; and installing the target chirped fiber grating on the fixed optical attenuator to compensate the wavelength-dependent loss of the fixed optical attenuator. According to the compensation method for the wavelength-dependent loss provided by the embodiment of the invention, the chirp grating is arranged in the fixed optical attenuator to compensate the wavelength-dependent loss of the fixed optical attenuator, so that the transmission performance of the fixed optical attenuator can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber communication, in particular to a wavelength-dependent loss compensation method and a fixed optical attenuator.
Background
The optical attenuator is widely applied to occasions such as short-distance optical fiber communication, optical communication system performance test and the like, and has the function of attenuating optical power to a certain degree. Optical attenuators can be classified into variable optical attenuators and fixed optical attenuators according to whether the attenuation is variable or not. The attenuation of the adjustable optical attenuator can be adjusted within a certain range, and the attenuation of the fixed optical attenuator is not variable. The attenuation is usually achieved by introducing a certain length of attenuation fiber with a certain attenuation coefficient, or artificially introducing a certain transverse or axial offset when the fibers are butted, so that a certain mismatch amount is generated in the output mode fields of the two butted fibers.
An important criterion, whether it be a variable optical attenuator or a fixed optical attenuator, is the Wavelength Dependent Loss (WDL), which is defined as the difference between the maximum attenuation and the minimum attenuation over the operating Wavelength range of the optical attenuator. Due to the presence of the WDL, the optical power at each wavelength within the operating band of the fiber optic communication system may also vary. The Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of each wavelength is different, so that the Bit Error Rate (BER) of each wavelength is different, and the transmission performance and the test result of the system are affected. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the WDL of the optical attenuator, i.e., to achieve attenuation curve flattening.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a compensation method of wavelength-dependent loss and a fixed optical attenuator, which are used for compensating the wavelength-dependent loss of the fixed optical attenuator and improving the transmission performance of the fixed optical attenuator.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for compensating a wavelength-dependent loss, where the method is applied to a fixed optical attenuator, and includes:
obtaining a target compensation function of the fixed optical attenuator;
performing optimization simulation calculation on the target compensation function to obtain a plurality of target chirp parameters of the target chirped fiber grating;
engraving the target chirped fiber grating according to the target chirped parameters;
and installing the target chirped fiber grating on the fixed optical attenuator to compensate the wavelength-dependent loss of the fixed optical attenuator.
Further, the obtaining the target compensation function of the fixed optical attenuator includes:
testing the fixed optical attenuator to obtain an attenuation curve function of the fixed optical attenuator;
acquiring a target attenuation value of the fixed optical attenuator;
obtaining the attenuation function of the chirped fiber grating;
and determining a target compensation function according to the attenuation curve function, the target attenuation value and the attenuation function.
Further, the expression of the target compensation function is that the sum of the attenuation curve function and the attenuation function is equal to the target attenuation value.
Further, the obtaining the attenuation function of the chirped fiber grating includes:
acquiring a transmission matrix of the chirped fiber grating by adopting a transmission matrix method;
obtaining an expression of the reflectivity of the chirped grating according to the transmission matrix, wherein the expression of the reflectivity is represented by using a working wavelength;
and acquiring the attenuation function of the chirped grating according to the expression of the reflectivity.
Further, after obtaining the target attenuation value of the fixed optical attenuator, the method includes:
determining a target attenuation precision range according to the target attenuation amount;
correspondingly, determining a target compensation function according to the attenuation curve function, the target attenuation value and the attenuation function includes:
and determining a target compensation function according to the attenuation curve function, the target attenuation precision range and the attenuation function.
Further, engraving the target chirped fiber grating according to the plurality of target chirping parameters, including:
determining a engraving parameter according to the target chirp parameters, wherein the engraving parameter comprises ultraviolet exposure intensity and ultraviolet exposure time;
and engraving the target chirped fiber grating according to the engraving parameters.
Further, the mounting the target chirped fiber grating to the fixed optical attenuator includes:
fixing the target chirped fiber grating in a ceramic ferrule by using thermosetting adhesive to obtain a grating ceramic ferrule;
grinding two end faces of the grating ceramic ferrule respectively to obtain a target end face type grating ceramic ferrule;
and mounting the target end surface type grating ceramic ferrule in a ceramic sleeve of the fixed optical attenuator.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present invention further provide a fixed optical attenuator, including: the grating optical attenuator comprises a flange type fixed optical attenuator and a grating ceramic ferrule, wherein the grating ceramic ferrule is arranged in a ceramic sleeve of the flange type fixed optical attenuator.
Further, the flange-type fixed optical attenuator comprises a shell, a ceramic sleeve and a gasket; the ceramic sleeve penetrates through the shell, and the gasket is placed in the ceramic sleeve; the grating ferrule includes a chirped grating and a ferrule, the chirped grating being located within the ferrule, the grating ferrule being adjacent to the gasket.
Further, the end face of the grating ceramic ferrule adjacent to the gasket is APC type.
The embodiment of the invention firstly obtains a target compensation function of the fixed optical attenuator, then carries out optimization simulation calculation on the target compensation function to obtain a plurality of target chirp parameters of the target chirped fiber grating, then carves the target chirped fiber grating according to the plurality of target chirp parameters, and finally installs the target chirped fiber grating on the fixed optical attenuator to compensate the wavelength-dependent loss of the fixed optical attenuator. According to the compensation method for the wavelength-dependent loss provided by the embodiment of the invention, the chirp grating is arranged in the fixed optical attenuator to compensate the wavelength-dependent loss of the fixed optical attenuator, so that the transmission performance of the fixed optical attenuator can be improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method for compensating for wavelength-dependent loss according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2a is a schematic diagram illustrating a relationship between attenuation of a fixed optical attenuator and a curve corresponding to a target attenuation value according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2b is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the attenuation of another fixed optical attenuator and the corresponding curve of the target attenuation value in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for compensating for wavelength-dependent loss according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a second embodiment of the present invention, in which a chirped fiber grating is divided into subsets;
FIG. 5a is a schematic structural diagram of a fixed optical attenuator in a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5b is a structural diagram of a grating ferrule according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5c is a diagram of a fixed optical attenuator of the flange type without chirped fiber grating according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some of the structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, not all of the structures.
Example one
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for compensating a wavelength-dependent loss according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is applicable to a case of compensating a wavelength-dependent parameter of a fixed optical attenuator, and as shown in fig. 1, the method includes the following steps.
Step 110, obtain the target compensation function of the fixed optical attenuator.
The attenuation of the fixed optical attenuator is fixed and invariable, and the common attenuation of the fixed optical attenuator includes 1dB, 3dB, 5dB, 7dB, 10dB, 15dB, 20dB and 25 dB. The target compensation function may be a functional expression representing a target attenuation value to be achieved by the attenuation amount of the fixed optical attenuator. In this embodiment, the target compensation function may be a mathematical expression that is a combination of an attenuation curve function of the fixed optical attenuator, an attenuation function of the chirped fiber grating, and a target attenuation value of the fixed optical attenuator.
Optionally, the process of obtaining the target compensation function of the fixed optical attenuator may be to test the fixed optical attenuator, obtain an attenuation curve function of the fixed optical attenuator, obtain a target attenuation value of the fixed optical attenuator, obtain an attenuation function of the chirped fiber grating, and determine the target compensation function according to the attenuation curve function, the target attenuation value, and the attenuation function.
The mode of obtaining the attenuation curve function of the fixed optical attenuator can be that a light path is built by using the fixed optical attenuator, the fixed optical attenuator is connected to the broadband light source and the spectrometer, light generated by the broadband light source enters the spectrometer through the fixed optical attenuator, the attenuation curve of the fixed optical attenuator is displayed on the spectrometer, and the attenuation curve is fitted to obtain the attenuation curve function. The target attenuation value is a value set by a user according to actual requirements, and can be a constant. The attenuation function of the chirped fiber grating may be obtained by using a transmission matrix method.
Optionally, the expression of the target compensation function is that the sum of the attenuation curve function and the attenuation function is equal to the target attenuation value. As an example, let us assume that the attenuation curve function of the fixed attenuator is Att1(λ) target attenuation value of A0The attenuation function of the chirped grating is Att2(λ), the expression of the target compensation function is Att1(λ)+Att2(λ)＝A0. In the application scene, the attenuation curve function Att of the fixed optical attenuator1(lambda) and a target attenuation value A0Need to satisfy Att1(λ)-A0A condition that is constantly satisfied is not less than 0, that is, within the operating wavelength range of the fixed optical attenuator, the attenuation curve of the fixed optical attenuator is kept below the curve corresponding to the target attenuation value, as shown in fig. 2a, fig. 2a is a schematic diagram of a relationship between the attenuation of the fixed optical attenuator and the curve corresponding to the target attenuation value provided in the embodiment of the present invention. Attenuation curve function Att of fixed optical attenuator1(lambda) and a target attenuation value A0Can not satisfy Att1(λ)-A0The condition that is constantly satisfied is that, within the operating wavelength range of the fixed optical attenuator, some attenuation curves of the fixed optical attenuator are above the corresponding curve of the target attenuation value, as shown in fig. 2b, and fig. 2b is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the attenuation of another fixed optical attenuator provided by the first embodiment of the present invention and the corresponding curve of the target attenuation value. In this case, it is necessary to finely adjust the parameters of the fixed optical attenuator, for example, to appropriately reduce the amount of lateral or axial misalignment of the spliced fibers, or to appropriately reduce the length of the attenuating fibers, so as to reduce the attenuation, so that the attenuation curve function Att1(lambda) and a target attenuation value A0BetweenSatisfies Att1(λ)-A0The condition that is less than or equal to 0 is always satisfied.
Optionally, after obtaining the target attenuation value of the fixed optical attenuator, the method further includes: and determining a target attenuation precision range according to the target attenuation amount. Correspondingly, the target compensation function is determined according to the attenuation curve function, the target attenuation value and the attenuation function, and the method comprises the following steps: and determining a target compensation function according to the attenuation curve function, the target attenuation precision range and the attenuation function.
Wherein the target attenuation precision range is set according to the actual requirement of the user for precision, and exemplarily, the target attenuation value is assumed to be a0Then the target accuracy range can be expressed as [ A ]0-ΔA1，A0+ΔA2]. The expression of the target compensation function is A0-ΔA1≤Att1(λ)+Att2(λ)≤A0+ΔA2。
And 120, performing optimization simulation calculation on the target compensation function to obtain a plurality of target chirp parameters of the target chirped fiber grating.
The chirp parameter may be a parameter characterizing the structure of the chirped fiber grating, and may include an average refractive index change amount of a core of the chirped fiber grating, a fringe visibility, a grating period, and a chirp amount. In the objective compensation function, a plurality of chirp parameters are independent variables, and different values are respectively given to the plurality of chirp parameters, so that different objective compensation function values can be obtained. And continuously adjusting the values of a plurality of chirp parameters in the process of carrying out optimization simulation calculation on the target compensation function, wherein when the value of the target compensation function falls into the target attenuation precision range, the chirp parameters at the moment are the target chirp parameters.
Step 130, engraving the target chirped fiber grating according to the plurality of target chirped parameters.
Specifically, the target chirp parameter is a parameter of the target chirped fiber grating. After obtaining the multiple target chirp parameters, the target chirped fiber grating can be engraved according to the multiple target chirp parameters.
In this embodiment, the method for manufacturing the target chirped fiber grating according to the multiple target chirping parameters may be implemented as follows: and finally, engraving the target chirped fiber grating according to the engraving parameters.
Step 140, the target chirped fiber grating is mounted on the fixed optical attenuator to compensate for the wavelength-dependent loss of the fixed optical attenuator.
Specifically, after the target chirped fiber grating is etched, the target chirped fiber grating is installed in the fixed optical attenuator, so as to compensate the wavelength-dependent loss of the fixed optical attenuator. In this embodiment, when light passes through the fixed optical attenuator equipped with the target chirped fiber grating, the target chirped fiber grating may compensate for the wavelength-dependent loss of the fixed optical attenuator, so as to flatten the attenuation curve of the fixed optical attenuator.
Optionally, the target chirped fiber grating is mounted on the fixed optical attenuator, and the following method may be implemented: fixing the target chirped fiber grating in a ceramic ferrule by using thermosetting adhesive to obtain a grating ceramic ferrule; grinding two end faces of the grating ceramic ferrule respectively to obtain a target end face type grating ceramic ferrule; and mounting the target end surface type grating ceramic ferrule in a ceramic sleeve of the fixed optical attenuator.
Wherein the target end surface type may be an Angled Physical Contact (APC) type or a super Physical Contact (UPC) type. The outer diameter of the ferrule is determined according to the specification of the ferrule for fixing the optical attenuator, and may be, for example, 1.25mm or 2.5mm, which is standard, or may be a non-standard ferrule of other dimensions. Specifically, the target chirped fiber grating is mounted on the fixed optical attenuator by injecting thermosetting adhesive into the ferrule, then penetrating the target chirped fiber grating into the ferrule, then curing the adhesive, obtaining the grating ferrule after the curing is completed, and then grinding the two end faces of the ferrule together with the end faces of the optical fibers therein until the end faces are ground into a target end face type. And after grinding is finished, installing the grating ceramic ferrule into a ceramic sleeve of the fixed optical attenuator and fixing.
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment, a target compensation function of a fixed optical attenuator is obtained, then optimization simulation calculation is carried out on the target compensation function to obtain a plurality of target chirp parameters of a target chirped fiber grating, then the target chirped fiber grating is engraved according to the target chirp parameters, and finally the target chirped fiber grating is installed on the fixed optical attenuator to compensate wavelength-dependent loss of the fixed optical attenuator. According to the compensation method for the wavelength-dependent loss provided by the embodiment of the invention, the chirp grating is arranged in the fixed optical attenuator to compensate the wavelength-dependent loss of the fixed optical attenuator, so that the transmission performance of the fixed optical attenuator can be improved.
Example two
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a method for compensating for wavelength-dependent loss according to a second embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, obtaining the attenuation function of a chirped fiber grating may be performed in the following manner.
And step 210, acquiring a transmission matrix of the chirped fiber grating by adopting a transmission matrix method.
And step 220, obtaining an expression of the reflectivity of the chirped grating according to the transmission matrix, wherein the expression of the reflectivity is represented by using the working wavelength.
And step 230, obtaining the attenuation function of the chirped grating according to the expression of the reflectivity.
Specifically, the chirped fiber grating has a length L and a core refractive index n before UV exposure0Effective refractive index n of fiber core of chirped fiber grating obtained by ultraviolet exposureeffThe distribution function along the grating axis z is given by:
wherein z is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to L, deltan (z) is the refractive index modulation depth at the z position of the grating fiber core, and deltan0(z) is the average change in refractive index at z, of the order of 10-5～10-3V (z) is the visibility of the fringes at z, with a value in the range of 0 to 1, Λ is the grating period, typically hundreds of nanometers,
for a period uniform grating, for the amount of chirp
Chirped gratings that are linear for period
Is a constant.
The attenuation of the chirped fiber grating can be analyzed by adopting a transmission matrix method, the chirped fiber grating with the length of L is divided into N subsets with the same length, and the value of N is thousands to tens of thousands, so that each subset can be approximately processed by using uniform fiber grating. For example, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a chirped fiber grating being divided into subsets according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The effective refractive index, center wavelength, fringe visibility and average refractive index change of the k (k is 1, 2, 3, … …, N-1, N) th sub-set are respectively taken as the center of the sub-set
Parameter n ofeff(k)、λD(k)、v(k)、δn0(k) In that respect The transmission matrix T of the kth subsetkCan be expressed as:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
then, the transmission matrix of the whole chirped fiber grating is:
the reflection coefficient of the chirped fiber grating is in a functional relationship with the working wavelength
The function relation of the reflectivity of the chirped fiber grating and the working wavelength is that R (lambda) ═ R (lambda) converter2The attenuation function of the chirped fiber grating is then Att2(λ)＝-10lg(1-R(λ))。
The expression of the target compensation function is A0-ΔA1≤Att1(λ)+Att2(λ)≤A0+ΔA2. δ n in the formula0(z), v (z), Λ and
the solved target chirp parameter is obtained.
EXAMPLE III
Fig. 5a is a schematic structural diagram of a fixed optical attenuator according to a third embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 5a, the fixed optical attenuator comprises: the optical fiber module comprises a flange type fixed optical attenuator 310 and a grating ceramic ferrule 320, wherein the grating ceramic ferrule 320 is arranged in a ceramic sleeve of the flange type fixed optical attenuator 310.
Optionally, the flange-type fixed optical attenuator 310 includes a housing 311, a ceramic sleeve 312, and a gasket 313. The flange-type fixed optical attenuator 310 is used in cooperation with two optical fiber connectors 314, a ceramic sleeve 312 penetrates through the housing 311, and a gasket 313 is disposed in the ceramic sleeve 312. Grating ferrule 320 is adjacent to gasket 313. Fig. 5b is a structural schematic diagram of a grating ferrule according to a third embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 5b, the grating ferrule 320 includes a chirped grating 321 and a ferrule 322, and the chirped grating 321 is located in the ferrule 322. Fig. 5c shows a fixed optical attenuator 310 without chirped fiber grating according to a third embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 5c, the fixed optical attenuator 310 includes a housing 311, a ceramic sleeve 312, and a washer 313. The ceramic sleeve 312 extends through the housing 311, and the gasket 313 is disposed within the ceramic sleeve 312. The fixed optical attenuator 310 of the flange type is used in cooperation with two optical fiber connectors 314.
It is to be noted that the foregoing is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail by the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for compensating for wavelength dependent loss applied to a fixed optical attenuator, comprising:
obtaining a target compensation function of the fixed optical attenuator;
performing optimization simulation calculation on the target compensation function to obtain a plurality of target chirp parameters of the target chirped fiber grating;
engraving the target chirped fiber grating according to the target chirped parameters;
and installing the target chirped fiber grating on the fixed optical attenuator to compensate the wavelength-dependent loss of the fixed optical attenuator.
2. The compensation method of claim 1, wherein the obtaining the target compensation function for the fixed optical attenuator comprises:
testing the fixed optical attenuator to obtain an attenuation curve function of the fixed optical attenuator;
acquiring a target attenuation value of the fixed optical attenuator;
obtaining the attenuation function of the chirped fiber grating;
and determining a target compensation function according to the attenuation curve function, the target attenuation value and the attenuation function.
3. The compensation method of claim 2, wherein the target compensation function is expressed in such a way that the sum of the attenuation curve function and the attenuation function is equal to the target attenuation value.
4. The compensation method of claim 2, wherein obtaining the attenuation function of the chirped fiber grating comprises:
acquiring a transmission matrix of the chirped fiber grating by adopting a transmission matrix method;
obtaining an expression of the reflectivity of the chirped fiber grating according to the transmission matrix, wherein the expression of the reflectivity is represented by using a working wavelength;
and obtaining the attenuation function of the chirped fiber grating according to the expression of the reflectivity.
5. The compensation method as claimed in claim 2, comprising, after obtaining the target attenuation value of the fixed optical attenuator:
determining a target attenuation precision range according to the target attenuation value;
correspondingly, determining a target compensation function according to the attenuation curve function, the target attenuation value and the attenuation function includes:
and determining a target compensation function according to the attenuation curve function, the target attenuation precision range and the attenuation function.
6. The compensation method of claim 1, wherein inscribing the target chirped fiber grating according to the plurality of target chirp parameters comprises:
determining a engraving parameter according to the target chirp parameters, wherein the engraving parameter comprises ultraviolet exposure intensity and ultraviolet exposure time;
and engraving the target chirped fiber grating according to the engraving parameters.
7. The compensation method of claim 1, wherein said mounting the target chirped fiber grating to the fixed optical attenuator comprises:
fixing the target chirped fiber grating in a ceramic ferrule by using thermosetting adhesive to obtain a grating ceramic ferrule;
grinding two end faces of the grating ceramic ferrule respectively to obtain a target end face type grating ceramic ferrule;
and mounting the target end surface type grating ceramic ferrule in a ceramic sleeve of the fixed optical attenuator.
8. A fixed optical attenuator, comprising: the grating optical attenuator comprises a flange type fixed optical attenuator and a grating ceramic ferrule, wherein the grating ceramic ferrule is arranged in a ceramic sleeve of the flange type fixed optical attenuator.
9. The fixed optical attenuator of claim 8, wherein the flanged fixed optical attenuator comprises a housing, a ceramic sleeve, and a gasket; the ceramic sleeve penetrates through the shell, and the gasket is placed in the ceramic sleeve; the grating ferrule includes a chirped grating and a ferrule, the chirped grating being located within the ferrule, the grating ferrule being adjacent to the gasket.
10. The fixed optical attenuator of claim 9, wherein the end face of the grating ferrule adjacent the washer is APC-type.
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| JP2002267848A (en) * | 2001-03-06 | 2002-09-18 | Fujikura Ltd | Variable light attenuator, optical module, light amplifier and optical communication system |
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| "ＭＥＭＳ可调光衰减器的波长相关损耗优化";陈旭 等;《光通信研究》;20151231(第192期);49-52 * |
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