CN108167841B - Middle-low level waste thermochemical treatment system - Google Patents

Middle-low level waste thermochemical treatment system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108167841B
CN108167841B CN201810096257.XA CN201810096257A CN108167841B CN 108167841 B CN108167841 B CN 108167841B CN 201810096257 A CN201810096257 A CN 201810096257A CN 108167841 B CN108167841 B CN 108167841B
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combustion
gas
solid
pyrolysis
smoke
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CN108167841A (en
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张伟
孙强
赵小鋆
管颖
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Qingdao Tianhe Qingyuan Technology Co ltd
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Qingdao Tianhe Qingyuan Technology Co ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/18—Radioactive materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/30—Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of medium-low radioactive waste treatment equipment, and relates to a medium-low radioactive waste thermochemical treatment system which is used for treating medium-low radioactive organic combustible waste containing radioactive substances generated by hospitals, scientific research institutions and nuclear power units, solving the problems of large accumulation amount and difficult storage of the medium-low radioactive waste and realizing volume reduction and harmless treatment of the medium-low radioactive waste; the pyrolysis product falls into a solid combustion chamber through a fire grate and is burned again to reduce the burning rate; the variable-diameter feeding section realizes a material sealing function; the diameter of the gas-liquid combustion chamber is larger than that of the solid combustion chamber, the flue gas wind speed is slowed down, the fly ash amount is reduced, the whole structure is simple, the principle is reliable, the equipment is compact, the occupied area is small, the volume reduction rate is high, the curing effect is good, the secondary pollution is low, the application environment is friendly, the investment and operation cost is low, the energy is saved, the environment is protected, and the economic benefit and the broad market prospect are realized.

Description

Middle-low level waste thermochemical treatment system
Technical field:
the invention belongs to the technical field of medium-low radioactive waste treatment equipment, relates to a waste treatment system, in particular to a medium-low radioactive waste thermochemical treatment system, and is used for treating medium-low radioactive organic combustible waste containing radioactive substances generated by hospitals, scientific research institutions and nuclear power units, thereby realizing volume reduction and harmless treatment of the medium-low radioactive waste.
The background technology is as follows:
from the technical level, radioactive waste is largely classified into two categories, high radioactivity and medium and low radioactivity. The high-radioactivity radioactive waste mainly comprises spent fuel and processed matters thereof generated by nuclear fuel after power generation; the medium-low radioactive wastes generally comprise pollution equipment, detection equipment, hydration systems in operation, exchange resins and waste water and waste liquid of a nuclear power station; also included are hospitals, factories, research institutions, nuclear power plants and the like that produce wastes containing radioactive substances, such as clothing, papers, test instruments and the like, the medium-low radioactive wastes account for 99% of all radioactive wastes, wherein most of the wastes containing radioactive substances produced by the nuclear power plants are wastes containing radioactive substances, the medium-low radioactive wastes are low in hazard, but the radioactive wastes have unique properties, so that the wastes are very troublesome in treatment: (1) radioactivity: radioactivity of radioactive waste cannot be eliminated by general physical, chemical and biological methods, but can be reduced only by decay of the radionuclide itself. (2) Ray hazard: when the radioactive waste emits rays, the rays pass through the substance, ionization and excitation actions occur, and radiation damage is caused to organisms. (3) And (3) heat energy release: the radioactive nuclides in the radioactive waste release energy through decay, and when the content of the radioactive nuclides is high, the released heat energy can lead the temperature of the radioactive waste to continuously rise, even the solution automatically boils, and the solid automatically melts. Incineration is one of the common technical methods for the volume-reducing and stabilizing treatment of combustible waste. The conventional incineration method is to put the medium-low level flammable waste into a high-temperature incinerator for incineration to generate inert slag or ash for further fixation so as to realize the purposes of volume reduction, stabilization, safety and the like of the waste. The method can obtain obvious volume and weight reducing effects, meets the minimum waste quantification requirement required by the national radioactive waste management principle, and is a common measure for reducing the volume of combustible waste. The volume reduction coefficient of the incineration treatment of the combustible radioactive waste can reach 40-200, and the weight reduction coefficient can reach 20-200. However, the conventional medium-low level waste incineration apparatus is to make the oxygen in the main combustion process excessive under the condition that the air quantity is higher than the stoichiometric value, so that the gaseous and solid components can be directly combusted in the same combustion chamber. The waste is typically intermittently fed from above and burned on the grate. Part of the combustion air is fed from below the fire grate (called primary air or fire air), and part of the combustion air is fed from a proper position of the hearth in a proper direction (called secondary air or fire air). The incineration equipment is simpler and has the widest application at present. However, the specificity of the self-components of the low-and medium-level combustible waste inevitably generates a large amount of tar and soot in the combustion treatment process of a conventional general combustion furnace, so that the treatment is difficult to reach the standard. In order to ensure complete combustion, the furnace is required to meet the requirements of high temperature, large air supply amount, long residence time, strong air flow disturbance and the like, namely, the volume of the furnace is large enough to ensure sufficient combustion time, so that the air supply amount in the furnace is larger than the theoretical amount, the air excess coefficient is 20-30 times, meanwhile, in order to increase the turbulence of combustion air flow, the furnace is often designed into various flow passage forms, a plurality of post-combustion chambers are built after the combustion furnace and matched with a large amount of auxiliary fuel, the energy consumption is seriously increased, and pyrolysis products are easy to block a pipeline. Even so, it is difficult to ensure that the medium and low level combustible waste treatment reaches the standard. On the one hand, during the waste incineration process, the tar and soot content is still high; on the other hand, in order to ensure sufficient combustion, the turbulence degree of the air flow in the hearth is required to be large enough, and the fly ash carried by the air flow is more, and the nonvolatile nuclides in the waste are largely carried on the fly ash, so that the radioactive concentration of the flue gas is high, and the burden and the difficulty of a flue gas aftertreatment purification system are increased; on the other hand, the combustion furnace also limits the heat value of the waste, if the heat value is too high or too low, the furnace temperature in the incineration process is too high or the change range is large, and the fire-resistant lining of the hearth is damaged, so that the medium-low level combustible waste is reclassified and proportioned before incineration, automation is difficult to realize, and the irradiation risk of operators is increased. Accordingly, the above-described improvements of the conventional incinerator have not fundamentally solved the problems of the conventional incinerator. Obviously, the traditional incinerator cannot meet the treatment requirements of medium-low level combustible waste, and the difficult problem of radioactive combustible waste treatment still becomes a bottleneck for restricting the rapid development of the nuclear industry in China, so that the development of a reliable device for realizing the volume-reducing harmless treatment of the medium-low level combustible waste is urgent.
The invention comprises the following steps:
the invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and seeks to design a medium-low radioactive waste thermochemical treatment system, so as to solve the problems of large accumulation amount and difficult storage of medium-low radioactive waste and realize volume reduction and harmless treatment of the medium-low radioactive waste.
In order to achieve the above object, the main structure of the thermochemical treatment system for medium and low level waste comprises a waste receiving device, a pyrolysis device, a combustion device, a first auxiliary fuel tank, a second auxiliary fuel tank, a first solid waste collecting device, a smoke quenching device, a smoke filtering device, a smoke washing device, a steam-water separating device, a smoke reheating device, a high-efficiency filtering device, a power device, a chimney, a cooling water input pipeline, a first waste water treatment device, an alkali water input pipeline, a second solid waste collecting device, a third solid waste collecting device, a second waste water treatment device, a sealing feeding valve, a smoke detector, an oxygen content analyzer, a first electric valve and a second electric valve, wherein the waste receiving device for receiving combustible solid waste is connected with the input end of the pyrolysis device through the sealing feeding valve, the output end of the pyrolysis device is in an integrated structure of directly butt joint without a pipeline with the input end of the combustion device, the upper part of the combustion device is connected with the first auxiliary fuel tank through the first electric valve, and the first electric valve is used for controlling the fuel flow of the first auxiliary fuel tank; the lower part of the combustion device is connected with a second auxiliary fuel tank through a second electric valve, and the second electric valve is used for controlling the fuel flow of the second auxiliary fuel tank; the first auxiliary fuel tank and the second auxiliary fuel tank are both used for providing auxiliary fuel, the bottom output end of the combustion device is connected with the input end of the first solid waste collecting device, the top output end of the combustion device is connected with the input end of the smoke quenching device, a smoke detector and an oxygen content analyzer are arranged on a pipeline between the combustion device and the smoke quenching device, the top output end of the smoke quenching device is connected with the input end of the smoke filtering device, the top input end of the smoke quenching device is provided with a cooling water input pipeline for cooling smoke generated by the combustion device, cooling water is added in the cooling water input pipeline, the bottom output end of the smoke quenching device is connected with the input end of the first waste water treatment device, the smoke filtering device is used for removing fly ash in the smoke, the top output end of the smoke filtering device is connected with the input end of the smoke washing device, and the bottom output end of the smoke quenching device is connected with the input end of the second solid waste collecting device; the flue gas washing device is used for washing and removing acidic components in flue gas, the top input end of the flue gas washing device is connected with an alkaline water input pipeline, and an alkalescent absorption solution is introduced into the alkaline water input pipeline; the top output end of the flue gas washing device is connected with the input end of the steam-water separation device, the steam-water separation device is used for separating water vapor carried in flue gas, the bottom output ends of the flue gas washing device and the steam-water separation device are connected with the input end of the second wastewater treatment device, the lower output end of the steam-water separation device is connected with the input end of the flue gas reheating device, the output end of the flue gas reheating device is connected with the input end of the efficient filtering device, the efficient filtering device is provided with two output ends, one output end is connected with a chimney through a power device, and the other output end is connected with the input end of the third solid waste collecting device.
The main structure of the pyrolysis device comprises a sealing feeding section, a large-opening storage section, a dynamic seal, a driving motor, a spiral propeller, a reducing feeding section, a heating device, a pyrolysis conveying section and a temperature controller; the input end of the horizontal tubular spiral propeller is vertically provided with a tubular sealing feeding section, the front end of the spiral propeller is provided with a large-mouth storage section for temporarily storing middle-low-level combustible organic wastes, the large-mouth storage section is connected with a dynamic seal in a sealing mode of two disks of angular contact ball bearings oppositely arranged or in a magnetic fluid sealing mode, the spiral propeller for pushing the middle-low-level combustible organic wastes to move is connected with a driving motor shaft through the dynamic seal, and a driving motor is used for controlling the propelling speed of the spiral propeller; the output end of the spiral propeller is connected with the input end of the variable-diameter feeding section, the diameter size of the variable-diameter feeding section gradually decreases from front to back, and waste materials are gathered at the reduced caliber to form a material seal; the variable-diameter feeding section is used for connecting the output end of the material variable-diameter feeding section with the input end of the pyrolysis conveying section, and a heating device for providing heat required by pyrolysis materials is arranged outside the pyrolysis conveying section; the heating device sequentially comprises a fire-resistant layer and a heat-insulating layer from inside to outside, and is electrically connected with the temperature controller; the temperature controller is used for controlling the heating device to maintain the pyrolysis temperature in the pyrolysis conveying section to realize the full pyrolysis of the materials; the internal main body structure of the spiral propeller comprises a driving shaft and spiral blades, a driving motor is connected with the driving shaft through a dynamic seal and drives the driving shaft to rotate, and the dynamic seal is used for guaranteeing the air tightness of the pyrolysis device and ensuring that the spiral propeller does not leak in the operation process; the blade size of the spiral propeller corresponds to the diameter sizes of the large-mouth storage section, the variable-diameter feeding section and the pyrolysis conveying section, and the spiral propeller is gradually reduced; the smoke detector detects fly ash in the smoke and feeds back a signal to the driving motor to adjust the rotating speed of the spiral propeller.
The main structure of the combustion device comprises a flue gas air outlet, a gas-liquid combustion chamber, a fire grate, a solid combustion chamber, a slag discharge port, a gas-liquid combustion-supporting burner, a secondary combustion-supporting air outlet, a solid combustion-supporting burner, a primary combustion-supporting air outlet, a first air door and a second air door; the gas-liquid combustion chamber is separated from the solid combustion chamber through a fire grate; the gas-liquid combustion chamber is used for providing a combustion space for gas-liquid products obtained by pyrolysis; the solid combustion chamber is used for providing a combustion space for solid products obtained by pyrolysis; the ratio of the diameter of the gas-liquid combustion chamber to the diameter of the solid combustion chamber is 1.2-3, and the lower part of the gas-liquid combustion chamber is communicated with the pyrolysis conveying section of the pyrolysis device; the middle part of the gas-liquid combustion chamber is provided with a gas-liquid combustion-supporting burner for burning auxiliary fuel to fully burn gas-liquid products, and the gas-liquid combustion-supporting burner is provided with a secondary combustion-supporting air port and a second air door; the middle part of the solid combustion chamber is provided with a solid combustion-supporting burner for burning auxiliary fuel to fully burn solid products, and the side of the lower part of the solid combustion chamber is provided with a primary combustion-supporting air port and a first air door; the opening of the secondary combustion-supporting air port of the gas-liquid combustion-supporting burner is adjusted by using a second air door, and the opening of the air door of the secondary combustion-supporting air port is determined by the oxygen content of the flue gas air outlet; the opening of the primary combustion-supporting air port is regulated by using a first air door, and the opening of the air door of the primary combustion-supporting air port is determined by the oxygen content in the gas-liquid combustion chamber; the top of the gas-liquid combustion chamber is provided with a flue gas air outlet for discharging the burnt flue gas, and the flue gas air outlet is connected with a flue gas quenching device; the bottom of the solid combustion chamber is provided with a slag discharge port for discharging incombustible solid residues, and the slag discharge port is connected with a first solid waste collecting device; the gas-liquid combustion-supporting burner and the solid combustion-supporting burner of the combustion device are both fuel oil burners, the gas-liquid combustion-supporting burner is a heavy oil burner and is connected with the first auxiliary fuel tank through a first electric valve, and the first electric valve is used for controlling the fuel flow of the first auxiliary fuel tank; the solid combustion-supporting burner is connected with the second auxiliary fuel tank through a second electric valve, and the second electric valve is used for controlling the fuel flow of the second auxiliary fuel tank; the oxygen content analyzer detects the oxygen content in the flue gas and feeds back signals to determine the opening degrees of the first air door and the second air door, and the stable combustion is controlled and ensured.
As an improvement of the present invention: the gas-liquid combustion-supporting burner is a light oil burner, the solid combustion-supporting burner adopts heavy oil or light oil burner, heavy oil or light oil is arranged in the second auxiliary fuel tank, the temperature rise is fast, and the treatment time is short.
As another improvement of the present invention: the gas-liquid combustion-supporting burner is an explosion-proof oil-gas dual-purpose burner and comprises a burner head and a burner main body, wherein the burner head and the burner main body are made of high-temperature resistant materials and are communicated in a pipeline manner, mixed oil is arranged in a first auxiliary fuel tank, and the mixed oil is formed by proportioning waste engine oil and light diesel oil; inside the second auxiliary fuel tank is heavy oil or light oil.
The working principle of the medium-low level waste thermochemical treatment system related by the invention is as follows: the blade size of the spiral propeller corresponds to the diameter sizes of the large-mouth storage section, the variable-diameter feeding section and the pyrolysis conveying section, and gradually reduces, so that the spiral propeller is beneficial to conveying waste materials to quickly fill the channel; the diameter of the gas-liquid combustion chamber of the combustion device is larger than that of the solid combustion chamber, so that the gas-liquid combustion chamber is used for slowing down the speed of flue gas and reducing the fly ash production; the pyrolysis device and the incineration device adopt an integrated structure without direct butt joint of pipelines, are used for improving the tightness of the device, effectively solving the problem that the pipelines are blocked due to the fact that tar, ash and the like in pyrolysis products are sucked into the pipelines and adhered to the pipe walls, and improving the smoothness of conveying the pyrolysis products; the combined treatment device of the pyrolysis device and the combustion device is adopted to carry out medium-temperature anaerobic pyrolysis on macromolecule and low-emission combustible organic wastes in macromolecules difficult to burn to obtain short-chain micromolecular gas-liquid products and pyrolysis solid residue products, and then the pyrolysis products are subjected to combustion treatment to improve the mixing environment of the wastes and air, so that the treatment of the wastes is more thorough and complete, and the volume reduction rate of the wastes is greatly improved; the pyrolysis device is communicated with the lower part of the gas-liquid combustion chamber of the combustion device, and pyrolysis products fall into the solid combustion chamber through the fire grate to be fully burnt, so that the burning rate is greatly reduced; the pyrolysis gas-liquid product and the pyrolysis solid product are combusted in a gas-liquid combustion chamber and a solid combustion chamber respectively, the temperature of the solid combustion chamber is obviously lower than that of the gas-liquid combustion chamber, flying-out of radioactive substances in the combustion process is effectively reduced, most of the radioactive substances are accumulated in incombustible residues and discharged into a solid waste collector, and the difficulty of flue gas aftertreatment is improved; the reducing feeding section of the pyrolysis device can realize a material sealing function, and flue gas generated by combustion is treated by a series of devices including cooling, filtering, washing, dehumidifying, reheating and efficient filtering, so that the discharge amount of wastewater is reduced, and the flue gas reaches the discharge standard.
The invention relates to a treatment flow of a medium-low level waste thermochemical treatment system, which comprises the following steps: firstly, a waste receiving device receives a packaged standard waste bag filled with combustible solid waste, pre-cuts and breaks the standard waste bag under a closed condition, a sealing feeding valve seals a feeding port, so that a pyrolysis device can feed the standard waste bag in an anoxic or anaerobic environment, then pyrolysis and incineration treatment are carried out through an integrated pyrolysis device and a combustion device, the products are fully combusted to obtain smoke and incombustible inorganic residues, the incombustible inorganic residues enter a first solid waste collecting device, the smoke is cooled by a smoke quenching device and then enters a smoke filtering device for removing fly ash in the smoke, the fly ash is captured and then enters a second solid waste collecting device, waste water generated by the smoke quenching device is discharged into a first waste water treatment device, then the smoke is filtered and then enters a smoke washing device for washing and removing acid components in the smoke, the generated waste water is discharged into a second waste water treatment device, the smoke is separated by a steam-water separation device, and the separated waste water is discharged into the second waste water treatment device; heating the flue gas to a temperature suitable for discharge through a flue gas reheating device; filtering by a high-efficiency filtering device to remove residual fly ash and sending the fly ash into a third solid waste collecting device; the filtered flue gas is sucked into a chimney and discharged, and a power device for generating suction force is arranged in the process in order to ensure that the whole process operates under the negative pressure condition.
The specific process steps for treating the waste by adopting the medium-low level waste thermochemical treatment system related by the invention are as follows:
step1, starting each device: in order to ensure that the whole process is operated under negative pressure, a power device is started firstly, and a smoke quenching device, a smoke filtering device, a smoke washing device, a steam-water separation device, a smoke reheating device, a high-efficiency filtering device and a first wastewater treatment device are started in sequence;
step2, starting the pyrolysis device: starting a driving motor, setting pyrolysis temperature, starting a heating mode of a pyrolysis device, heating a pyrolysis conveying section by using a heating device, and setting the temperature of the heating device to 400-700 ℃ by using a temperature controller;
step3, starting the combustion device: then respectively starting a gas-liquid combustion-supporting burner in the gas-liquid combustion chamber and a solid combustion-supporting burner in the solid combustion chamber to maintain the temperature in the gas-liquid combustion chamber in a temperature range of 800-1300 ℃, and maintaining the temperature in the solid combustion chamber in a temperature range of 400-600 ℃, wherein after the temperatures of the gas-liquid combustion chamber and the solid combustion chamber respectively reach the required temperatures;
step4, waste material feeding: adding the standard waste bags packed with the combustible solid waste into a waste receiving device, sequentially feeding the waste into a sealed feeding section and a large-mouth storage section of a pyrolysis device, sequentially passing the waste through the large-mouth storage section, a reducing feeding section and a pyrolysis conveying section under the pushing of a spiral propeller, necking and filling a channel by a waste flow in the reducing feeding section to form a material seal, and then feeding the waste into the pyrolysis conveying section;
step5, pyrolysis of waste: in the whole conveying and pyrolysis process, the combustion device adjusts the driving motor to change the rotating speed according to the smoke parameter signals fed back by the smoke detector, so that the waste is convenient to be fully and thoroughly pyrolyzed, the waste is pyrolyzed into three products of gas, liquid and solid in the pyrolysis conveying section, and the three products enter the combustion device through the pyrolysis conveying section;
step6, burning pyrolysis products: the gas products and liquid products generated by pyrolysis enter a gas-liquid combustion chamber and are fully combusted under the auxiliary action of a gas-liquid combustion-supporting burner, and the products are flue gas consisting of carbon dioxide and water; discharging to a flue gas quenching device through the flue gas outlet; meanwhile, pyrolysis solid products fall into a solid combustion chamber through a fire grate, fully burn under the auxiliary action of a solid combustion-supporting burner, and the generated smoke is discharged to a smoke quenching device through the fire grate, a gas-liquid combustion chamber and a smoke air outlet, and the generated incombustible inorganic residues are discharged into a first solid waste collecting device through a slag discharging port;
step7, flue gas purification: when the high-temperature flue gas is rapidly cooled to 200 ℃ in a flue gas quenching device, fly ash in the flue gas is removed through a flue gas filtering device, sulfur nitrogen oxides in the flue gas and water vapor entering the flue gas in the quenching process are sequentially removed from the filtered flue gas through a flue gas washing device and a steam-water separation device, the flue gas is required to be reheated to a proper temperature by a flue gas reheating device for smooth discharge, the residual fly ash is removed through high-efficiency filtration of the flue gas by the high-efficiency filtering device, and the flue gas reaches the standard after detection; the qualified purified smoke containing 0.1-1% of radioactive substances is sucked by a power device and discharged from a smoke outlet;
step8, wastewater treatment: the flue gas quenching device and the flue gas washing device are respectively connected with a cooling water input pipeline and an alkaline water input pipeline and are respectively used for cooling and removing sulfur nitrogen oxides and residual radioactive elements in flue gas, and wastewater is respectively discharged to the first wastewater treatment device and the second wastewater treatment device and then is subjected to centralized treatment;
step9, solid residue post-treatment: the bottom of the combustion device, the flue gas filtering device and the high-efficiency filtering device are respectively connected with a first solid waste collecting device, a second solid waste collecting device and a third solid waste collecting device for receiving non-combustible ash residues; 99% -99.9% of radioactive elements are remained in the non-combustible ash residues, the solid residues can be uniformly sealed and cured, the treatment process of medium-low level combustible solid waste is completed, and the capacity reduction rate of medium-low level organic combustible waste reaches 97% -99%.
Compared with the prior art, the method can treat, pyrolyze and incinerate middle-low-level organic combustible wastes containing radioactive substances generated by hospitals, scientific research institutions and nuclear power units into solid residues, is convenient for subsequent sealing and landfill treatment, reduces the volume ratio of the radioactive substances by more than 97 percent and more than 99 percent, and fixes the radioactive substances in the final non-combustible residues, so that the volume of the middle-low-level organic combustible wastes can be reduced, and nuclear radiation pollution and atmospheric environmental pollution can be reduced; the method has the technical advantages of flexible parameter setting, high process control precision, continuous feeding, uniform heating, material sealing, stable operation, less fly ash and smoke dust, compact equipment, small occupied area, reduced leakage, non-sticking of pyrolysis products, smooth discharge and the like; the device has the advantages of simple integral structure, reliable principle, high volume reduction rate, good curing effect, low secondary pollution, environment-friendly application, low investment and operation cost, energy conservation and environmental protection, and good economic benefit and broad market prospect.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the main structure of a medium-low level waste thermochemical treatment system according to the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of a medium-low level waste thermochemical treatment system in accordance with the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the main structure of the pyrolysis device and the combustion device according to the present invention.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
the invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and detailed description.
Example 1:
the main structure of the medium-low level waste thermochemical treatment system according to the embodiment comprises a waste receiving device 1, a pyrolysis device 2, a combustion device 3, a first auxiliary fuel tank 4, a second auxiliary fuel tank 5, a first solid waste collecting device 6, a flue gas quenching device 7, a flue gas filtering device 8, a flue gas washing device 9, a steam-water separation device 10, a flue gas reheating device 11, a high-efficiency filtering device 12, a power device 13, a chimney 14, a cooling water input pipeline 15, a first wastewater treatment device 16, an alkaline water input pipeline 17, a second solid waste collecting device 18, a third solid waste collecting device 19, a second wastewater treatment device 20, a sealing feed valve 101, a smoke detector 312, an oxygen content analyzer 313, a first electric valve 401 and a second electric valve 501, wherein the waste receiving device 1 for receiving standard waste bags filled with combustible solid waste packaged is connected with the input end of the pyrolysis device 2 through the sealing feed valve 101, the output end of the pyrolysis device 2 and the input end of the combustion device 3 are in an integrated structure of directly docking without pipelines, and the upper part of the combustion device 3 is connected with the first auxiliary fuel tank 4 through the first electric valve 401, and the first electric valve 401 is used for controlling the flow rate of the first fuel tank 4; the lower part of the combustion device 3 is connected to the second auxiliary fuel tank 5 through a second electric valve 501, the second electric valve 501 being used to control the fuel flow of the second auxiliary fuel tank 5; the first auxiliary fuel tank 4 and the second auxiliary fuel tank 5 are both used for providing auxiliary fuel, the bottom output end of the combustion device 3 is connected with the input end of the first solid waste collecting device 6, the top output end of the combustion device 3 is connected with the input end of the smoke quenching device 7, a smoke detector 312 and an oxygen content analyzer 313 are arranged on a pipeline between the combustion device 3 and the smoke quenching device 7, the top output end of the smoke quenching device 7 is connected with the input end of the smoke filtering device 8, the top input end of the smoke quenching device 7 is provided with a cooling water input pipeline 15 for cooling smoke generated by the combustion device 3, cooling water is added in the cooling water input pipeline 15, the bottom output end of the smoke quenching device 7 is connected with the input end of the first waste water treatment device 16, the top output end of the flue gas filtering device 8 is connected with the input end of the flue gas washing device 9 for removing fly ash in flue gas, the bottom output end of the flue gas filtering device 8 is connected with the input end of the second solid waste collecting device 18, the top input end of the flue gas washing device 9 is provided with an alkaline water input pipeline 17 for washing and removing acidic components in flue gas, a weak alkaline absorption solution is added in the alkaline water input pipeline 17, the top output end of the flue gas washing device 9 is connected with the input end of the steam-water separation device 10 for separating water vapor entrained in the flue gas, the bottom output ends of the flue gas washing device 9 and the steam-water separation device 10 are connected with the input end of the second wastewater treatment device 20, the lower output end of the steam-water separation device 10 is connected with the input end of the flue gas reheating device 11, the output end of the flue gas reheating device 11 is connected with the input end of the high-efficiency filtering device 12, one output end of the high-efficiency filtering device 12 is connected with a chimney 14 through a power device 13; the other output of the high efficiency filter 12 is connected to the input of a third solid waste collection device 19.
The main structure of the pyrolysis device 2 comprises a sealed feeding section 201, a large-mouth storage section 202, a dynamic seal 203, a driving motor 204, a screw propeller 205, a reducing feeding section 206, a heating device 207, a pyrolysis conveying section 208 and a temperature controller 209; a tubular sealing feeding section 201 is vertically arranged at the input end of a horizontally arranged tubular spiral propeller 205, a large-mouth storage section 202 for temporarily storing middle-low-level combustible organic wastes is arranged at the front end of the spiral propeller 205, the large-mouth storage section 202 and a movable seal 203 are connected in a sealing mode of two disks of angular contact ball bearings oppositely arranged or in a magnetic fluid sealing mode, the spiral propeller 205 for pushing the middle-low-level combustible organic wastes to move is connected with a driving motor 204 through the movable seal 203 in a shaft way, and the driving motor 204 is used for controlling the propelling speed of the spiral propeller 205; the output end of the spiral propeller 205 is connected with the input end of the variable-diameter feeding section 206, and the diameter size of the variable-diameter feeding section 206 gradually decreases from front to back, so that the waste materials can be gathered at the reduced caliber to form a material seal; the reducing feeding section 206 is used for connecting the output end of the material reducing feeding section 206 with the input end of the pyrolysis conveying section 208, and a heating device 207 for providing heat required by pyrolysis materials is arranged outside the pyrolysis conveying section 208; the heating device 207 sequentially comprises a fire-resistant layer and an insulating layer from inside to outside, and the heating device 207 is electrically connected with the temperature controller 209; the temperature controller 209 is used for controlling the heating device 207 to maintain the pyrolysis temperature in the pyrolysis conveying section 208 to realize the full pyrolysis of the materials; the main structure inside the spiral propeller 205 comprises a driving shaft 2051 and spiral blades 2052, a driving motor 204 is connected with the driving shaft through a dynamic seal 203 and drives the driving shaft 2051 to rotate, and the dynamic seal 203 is used for guaranteeing the air tightness of the pyrolysis device 2 and ensuring that the spiral propeller 205 does not leak in the running process; the blade size of the spiral propeller corresponds to the diameter sizes of the large-mouth storage section, the variable-diameter feeding section and the pyrolysis conveying section, and the spiral propeller is gradually reduced; the smoke detector 312 detects fly ash in the smoke and feeds back a signal to the driving motor 204 to adjust the rotating speed of the screw propeller 205;
the main structure of the combustion device 3 comprises a flue gas air outlet 301, a gas-liquid combustion chamber 302, a fire grate 303, a solid combustion chamber 304, a slag discharging port 305, a gas-liquid combustion-supporting burner 306, a secondary combustion-supporting air outlet 307, a solid combustion-supporting burner 308, a primary combustion-supporting air outlet 309, a first air door 311 and a second air door 310; the gas-liquid combustion chamber 302 is separated from the solid combustion chamber 304 by a grate 303; the gas-liquid combustion chamber 302 is used for providing a combustion space for gas-liquid products obtained by pyrolysis; the solid combustion chamber 304 is used for providing a combustion space for solid products obtained by pyrolysis; the ratio of the diameter of the gas-liquid combustion chamber to the diameter of the solid combustion chamber is 1.5, and the lower part of the gas-liquid combustion chamber 302 is communicated with the pyrolysis conveying section 208 of the pyrolysis device 2; the middle part of the gas-liquid combustion chamber 302 is provided with a gas-liquid combustion-supporting burner 306 for burning auxiliary fuel to fully burn gas-liquid products, and the gas-liquid combustion-supporting burner 306 is provided with a secondary combustion-supporting air port 307 and a second air door 310; a solid combustion-supporting burner 308 is arranged in the middle of the solid combustion chamber 304 and is used for burning auxiliary fuel to fully burn solid products, and a primary combustion-supporting air port 309 and a first air door 311 are arranged on the side of the lower part of the solid combustion chamber 304; the opening of the secondary combustion-supporting air port 307 of the gas-liquid combustion-supporting burner 306 is adjusted by using a second air door 310, and the air door opening of the secondary combustion-supporting air port 307 is determined by the oxygen content of the flue gas air outlet 301; the opening degree of the primary combustion-supporting air port 309 formed in the solid combustion chamber 304 is adjusted by using a first air door 311, and the air door opening degree of the primary combustion-supporting air port 309 is determined by the oxygen content in the gas-liquid combustion chamber 302; a flue gas air outlet 301 for discharging the burnt flue gas is arranged at the top of the gas-liquid combustion chamber 302, and the flue gas air outlet 301 is connected with the flue gas quenching device 7; the bottom of the solid combustion chamber 304 is provided with a slag discharging port 305 for discharging incombustible solid residues, and the slag discharging port 305 is connected with the first solid waste collecting device 6; the gas-liquid combustion-supporting burner 306 and the solid combustion-supporting burner 308 of the combustion device 3 are both fuel burners, the gas-liquid combustion-supporting burner 306 is a heavy oil burner, the gas-liquid combustion-supporting burner is connected with the first auxiliary fuel tank 4 through a first electric valve 401, the first electric valve 401 is used for controlling the fuel flow of the first auxiliary fuel tank 4, and heavy oil is in the first auxiliary fuel tank 4; the solid combustion-supporting burner 308 is connected with the second auxiliary fuel tank 5 through a second electric valve 501, and the second electric valve 501 is used for controlling the fuel flow of the second auxiliary fuel tank 5; the oxygen content analyzer 313 detects the oxygen content in the flue gas and feeds back a signal to determine the opening degrees of the first damper 311 and the second damper 310, and controls and ensures stable combustion.
Example 2:
the difference between this embodiment and example 1 is that: the ratio of the gas-liquid combustion chamber 302 diameter to the solid combustion chamber 304 diameter is 2.2.
Example 3:
the difference between this embodiment and example 1 is that: the ratio of the diameter of the gas-liquid combustion chamber 302 to the diameter of the solid combustion chamber 304 is 1.2, the device is more compact, the occupied space is small, and the gas-liquid combustion chamber is suitable for items with intense land.
Example 4:
the difference between this embodiment and example 1 is that: the ratio of the diameter of the gas-liquid combustion chamber 302 to the diameter of the solid combustion chamber 304 is 3, and the effect of reducing the wind speed is the best.
Example 5:
this embodiment differs from examples 1-4 in that: the gas-liquid combustion-supporting burner 306 is a light oil burner, the first auxiliary fuel tank 4 is filled with light oil, the solid combustion-supporting burner 308 is a heavy oil or light oil burner, the second auxiliary fuel tank 5 is filled with heavy oil or light oil, the temperature rise is fast, and the treatment time is short.
Example 6:
this embodiment differs from examples 1-4 in that: the gas-liquid combustion-supporting burner 306 is an explosion-proof oil-gas dual-purpose burner and comprises a burner head and a burner main body, wherein the burner head and the burner main body are made of high-temperature resistant materials and are communicated in a pipeline manner, the first auxiliary fuel tank 4 is internally provided with mixed oil, and the mixed oil is formed by proportioning waste engine oil and light diesel oil; heavy oil or light oil is arranged in the second auxiliary fuel tank 5, so that energy sources are saved.

Claims (4)

1. A medium and low level waste thermochemical treatment system, characterized in that: the main structure comprises a waste receiving device, a pyrolysis device, a combustion device, a first auxiliary fuel tank, a second auxiliary fuel tank, a first solid waste collecting device, a smoke quenching device, a smoke filtering device, a smoke washing device, a steam-water separation device, a smoke reheating device, a high-efficiency filtering device, a power device, a chimney, a cooling water input pipeline, a first wastewater treatment device, an alkali water input pipeline, a second solid waste collecting device, a third solid waste collecting device, a second wastewater treatment device, a sealing feeding valve, a smoke detector, an oxygen content analyzer, a first electric valve and a second electric valve, wherein the waste receiving device for receiving combustible solid waste is connected with the input end of the pyrolysis device through the sealing feeding valve, the output end of the pyrolysis device and the input end of the combustion device are of an integrated structure without pipelines and are directly connected with each other, the upper part of the combustion device is connected with the first auxiliary fuel tank through the first electric valve, and the first electric valve is used for controlling the fuel flow of the first auxiliary fuel tank; the lower part of the combustion device is connected with a second auxiliary fuel tank through a second electric valve, and the second electric valve is used for controlling the fuel flow of the second auxiliary fuel tank; the first auxiliary fuel tank and the second auxiliary fuel tank are both used for providing auxiliary fuel, the bottom output end of the combustion device is connected with the input end of the first solid waste collecting device, the top output end of the combustion device is connected with the input end of the smoke quenching device, a smoke detector and an oxygen content analyzer are arranged on a pipeline between the combustion device and the smoke quenching device, the top output end of the smoke quenching device is connected with the input end of the smoke filtering device, the top input end of the smoke quenching device is provided with a cooling water input pipeline for cooling smoke generated by the combustion device, cooling water is added in the cooling water input pipeline, the bottom output end of the smoke quenching device is connected with the input end of the first waste water treatment device, the smoke filtering device is used for removing fly ash in the smoke, the top output end of the smoke filtering device is connected with the input end of the smoke washing device, and the bottom output end of the smoke quenching device is connected with the input end of the second solid waste collecting device; the flue gas washing device is used for washing and removing acidic components in flue gas, the top input end of the flue gas washing device is connected with an alkaline water input pipeline, and an alkalescent absorption solution is introduced into the alkaline water input pipeline; the top output end of the flue gas washing device is connected with the input end of the steam-water separation device, the steam-water separation device is used for separating water vapor carried in flue gas, the bottom output ends of the flue gas washing device and the steam-water separation device are connected with the input end of the second wastewater treatment device, the lower output end of the steam-water separation device is connected with the input end of the flue gas reheating device, the output end of the flue gas reheating device is connected with the input end of the efficient filtering device, the efficient filtering device is provided with two output ends, one output end is connected with a chimney through a power device, and the other output end is connected with the input end of the third solid waste collection device; the main structure of the combustion device comprises a flue gas air outlet, a gas-liquid combustion chamber, a fire grate, a solid combustion chamber, a slag discharge port, a gas-liquid combustion-supporting burner, a secondary combustion-supporting air outlet, a solid combustion-supporting burner, a primary combustion-supporting air outlet, a first air door and a second air door; the gas-liquid combustion chamber is separated from the solid combustion chamber through a fire grate; the gas-liquid combustion chamber is used for providing a combustion space for gas-liquid products obtained by pyrolysis; the solid combustion chamber is used for providing a combustion space for solid products obtained by pyrolysis; the ratio of the diameter of the gas-liquid combustion chamber to the diameter of the solid combustion chamber is 1.2-3, and the lower part of the gas-liquid combustion chamber is communicated with the pyrolysis conveying section of the pyrolysis device; the middle part of the gas-liquid combustion chamber is provided with a gas-liquid combustion-supporting burner for burning auxiliary fuel to fully burn gas-liquid products, and the gas-liquid combustion-supporting burner is provided with a secondary combustion-supporting air port and a second air door; the middle part of the solid combustion chamber is provided with a solid combustion-supporting burner for burning auxiliary fuel to fully burn solid products, and the side of the lower part of the solid combustion chamber is provided with a primary combustion-supporting air port and a first air door; the opening of the secondary combustion-supporting air port of the gas-liquid combustion-supporting burner is adjusted by using a second air door, and the opening of the air door of the secondary combustion-supporting air port is determined by the oxygen content of the flue gas air outlet; the opening of the primary combustion-supporting air port is regulated by using a first air door, and the opening of the air door of the primary combustion-supporting air port is determined by the oxygen content in the gas-liquid combustion chamber; the top of the gas-liquid combustion chamber is provided with a flue gas air outlet for discharging the burnt flue gas, and the flue gas air outlet is connected with a flue gas quenching device; the bottom of the solid combustion chamber is provided with a slag discharge port for discharging incombustible solid residues, and the slag discharge port is connected with a first solid waste collecting device; the gas-liquid combustion-supporting burner and the solid combustion-supporting burner of the combustion device are both fuel oil burners, the gas-liquid combustion-supporting burner is a heavy oil burner and is connected with the first auxiliary fuel tank through a first electric valve, and the first electric valve is used for controlling the fuel flow of the first auxiliary fuel tank; the solid combustion-supporting burner is connected with the second auxiliary fuel tank through a second electric valve, and the second electric valve is used for controlling the fuel flow of the second auxiliary fuel tank; the oxygen content analyzer detects the oxygen content in the flue gas and feeds back signals to determine the opening degrees of the first air door and the second air door, and the stable combustion is controlled and ensured.
2. The medium-low level waste thermochemical treatment system of claim 1, wherein: the main structure of the pyrolysis device comprises a sealing feeding section, a large-opening storage section, a dynamic seal, a driving motor, a spiral propeller, a reducing feeding section, a heating device, a pyrolysis conveying section and a temperature controller; the input end of the horizontal tubular spiral propeller is vertically provided with a tubular sealing feeding section, the front end of the spiral propeller is provided with a large-mouth storage section for temporarily storing middle-low-level combustible organic wastes, the large-mouth storage section is connected with a dynamic seal in a sealing mode of two disks of angular contact ball bearings oppositely arranged or in a magnetic fluid sealing mode, the spiral propeller for pushing the middle-low-level combustible organic wastes to move is connected with a driving motor shaft through the dynamic seal, and a driving motor is used for controlling the propelling speed of the spiral propeller; the output end of the spiral propeller is connected with the input end of the variable-diameter feeding section, the diameter size of the variable-diameter feeding section gradually decreases from front to back, and waste materials are gathered at the reduced caliber to form a material seal; the variable-diameter feeding section is used for connecting the output end of the material variable-diameter feeding section with the input end of the pyrolysis conveying section, and a heating device for providing heat required by pyrolysis materials is arranged outside the pyrolysis conveying section; the heating device sequentially comprises a fire-resistant layer and a heat-insulating layer from inside to outside, and is electrically connected with the temperature controller; the temperature controller is used for controlling the heating device to maintain the pyrolysis temperature in the pyrolysis conveying section to realize the full pyrolysis of the materials; the internal main body structure of the spiral propeller comprises a driving shaft and spiral blades, a driving motor is connected with the driving shaft through a dynamic seal and drives the driving shaft to rotate, and the dynamic seal is used for guaranteeing the air tightness of the pyrolysis device and ensuring that the spiral propeller does not leak in the operation process; the blade size of the spiral propeller corresponds to the diameter sizes of the large-mouth storage section, the variable-diameter feeding section and the pyrolysis conveying section, and the spiral propeller is gradually reduced; the smoke detector detects fly ash in the smoke and feeds back a signal to the driving motor to adjust the rotating speed of the spiral propeller.
3. The medium-low level waste thermochemical treatment system of claim 1, wherein: the gas-liquid combustion-supporting burner is a light oil burner, and has the advantages of quick temperature rise and short treatment time.
4. The medium-low level waste thermochemical treatment system of claim 1, wherein: the gas-liquid combustion-supporting burner is an explosion-proof oil-gas dual-purpose burner and comprises a burner head and a burner main body, wherein the burner head and the burner main body are made of high-temperature resistant materials and are communicated through a pipeline, mixed oil is arranged in a first auxiliary fuel tank, and the mixed oil is formed by proportioning waste engine oil and light diesel oil.
CN201810096257.XA 2018-01-31 2018-01-31 Middle-low level waste thermochemical treatment system Active CN108167841B (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102042601A (en) * 2009-10-20 2011-05-04 杨显志 Small efficient medicinal rubbish pyrolysis incinerator
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CN104637561A (en) * 2015-02-02 2015-05-20 中科华核电技术研究院有限公司 Plasma volume reducing system and method for processing nuclear facility solid waste
CN104751929A (en) * 2013-12-26 2015-07-01 中国辐射防护研究院 Integrated low-emission combustible solid waste incineration device
CN106653130A (en) * 2017-01-23 2017-05-10 青岛天和清原科技有限公司 Middle-low radioactive waste treatment device

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102042601A (en) * 2009-10-20 2011-05-04 杨显志 Small efficient medicinal rubbish pyrolysis incinerator
CN102723117A (en) * 2011-03-29 2012-10-10 核工业西南物理研究院 A high-temperature incineration and solidification method for radioactive waste resin plasma
CN104751929A (en) * 2013-12-26 2015-07-01 中国辐射防护研究院 Integrated low-emission combustible solid waste incineration device
CN104637561A (en) * 2015-02-02 2015-05-20 中科华核电技术研究院有限公司 Plasma volume reducing system and method for processing nuclear facility solid waste
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