CN108157298B - Method for detecting bee cleaning behavior - Google Patents
Method for detecting bee cleaning behavior Download PDFInfo
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- CN108157298B CN108157298B CN201711443907.5A CN201711443907A CN108157298B CN 108157298 B CN108157298 B CN 108157298B CN 201711443907 A CN201711443907 A CN 201711443907A CN 108157298 B CN108157298 B CN 108157298B
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 241000382353 Pupa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 210000000952 spleen Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 241000593989 Scardinius erythrophthalmus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011086 high cleaning Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000256844 Apis mellifera Species 0.000 description 96
- 241000257303 Hymenoptera Species 0.000 description 18
- 201000005111 ocular hyperemia Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 241000238876 Acari Species 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241000264877 Hippospongia communis Species 0.000 description 4
- 241001558516 Varroa destructor Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 244000144987 brood Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000218922 Magnoliophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000895650 Varroa jacobsoni Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009341 apiculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013871 bee wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012166 beeswax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000087 hemolymph Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting bee cleaning behaviors, which comprises the following steps: step 1) opening a beehive cover, finding out a son spleen, and finding out a son spleen area in a red eye period; step 2), marking M sealing covers; step 3) artificially making the bee pupas in the M sealing covers become dead pupas without damaging the sealing covers; step 4) after waiting for N hours, recording the number of the dead pupae which are not cleaned in the M sealing covers; and 5) calculating the cleaning rate. If the cleaning proportion exceeds 80%, the bee colony is high in cleaning speed of dead pupae. In breeding projects, it is often necessary to find fast-clearing bee colonies and relatively slow-clearing bee colonies, and only differences are found for selection, and only selection is for genetic progress. Finding out fast and slow bee colony, high cleaning rate and fast mite resistance, and may be used in further mite resisting bee colony raising project.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bee cleaning behavior detection, in particular to a method for detecting a bee cleaning behavior.
Background
Bees are important economic insects. The social benefit and the ecological benefit of bee breeding are very obvious. The effect of bees on the sustainable development of the ecological environment is mainly embodied in the pollination aspect of the flowering plants, the propagation of the flowering plants is ensured, the diversity of plants and pollinating insects is realized, and the method is an important condition for keeping ecological balance and ecological sustainable development. At present, more than 800 million bee colonies are bred in China, the annual output value of bee products is more than 120 hundred million yuan, and pollination contributes to about 500 hundred million yuan.
Interpretation of terms:
a cleaning action: and (4) clearing up the behavior of diseased, dead and unhealthy bee pupae by bee colonies.
Bee pupae in the red eye stage: the bee pupa gradually darkens from white to brown in the development process, and the eye color of the bee pupa is pink about 5-7 days after the sealing, which is called the red eye stage bee pupa.
And (3) spleen: the spleen of the honey comb is called the son spleen when the eggs, larvae and pupae are located.
And (4) sealing the cover: and the bee pupas are sealed by the beeswax on the 9 th day of the worker bee pupas, and the sealed bee pupas become sealing covers.
The varroa destructor is the most serious enemy which harms the health of western bees and is a prominent problem in bee breeding production. The varroa destructor is parasitic mite outside the bee body, is a large enemy of the domesticated bee, and is found to be parasitic on some varieties of western bees and eastern bees at present. The varroa jacobsoni parasitizes on adult bee bodies to suck body fluid (hemolymph), and when the varroa jacobsoni is slightly harmful, bee collection is influenced, so that bees are deformed, wings are rolled, and the service life is shortened; in severe cases, a large number of pupae in the bee colony can not emerge, new bees can not be produced, the colony vigor is reduced, even the whole colony dies, serious loss is brought to the bee colony, and the bee-keeping benefit is remarkably reduced. The breeding of the bee mites needs to be finished in the bee sealing cover, and the bee pupae absorb nutrition, so the bee pupae becomes a host place for breeding the bee mites. The bee has the behavior of checking whether the bee pupae are healthy and cleaning up sick, dead and unhealthy bee pupaes, the behavior is called a cleaning behavior, the bee colony with a strong cleaning behavior can open the cover in time, the bee pupae parasitized by bee mites are cleaned, the breeding process of the bee mites is interrupted, bee mite eggs or larvae are dead, and therefore the harm of the bee mites to the bee colony is reduced.
The main method for preventing varroa destructor is chemical method, i.e. chemical medicine is used to kill varroa destructor. But the amount of drug used is critical. If the dosage is too much, the newly emerged worker bees are damaged, and chemical medicine residues in bee products are caused; the dosage is too small, and the effect of removing mites cannot be achieved. Therefore, the method for detecting the intensity of the bee cleaning behavior is also a main method for identifying the anti-mite bee colony, and has important significance for breeding bee varieties (strains) with strong anti-mite capability.
Therefore, how to provide a method for detecting bee cleaning behavior to evaluate the intensity of the cleaning behavior of the bees, so as to breed a bee variety (line) with strong anti-mite capability is a technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for detecting bee cleaning behavior, so as to evaluate the intensity of the cleaning behavior of bees, and thereby breed a bee variety (line) with strong anti-mite ability.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method of detecting bee cleaning activity, comprising:
step 1) opening a beehive cover, finding out a son spleen, and finding out a son spleen area in a red eye period;
step 2) marking M sealing covers, wherein M is more than or equal to 80 and less than or equal to 7000;
step 3) artificially making the bee pupas in the M sealing covers become dead pupas without damaging the sealing covers;
step 4) after waiting for N hours, recording the number of the dead pupae which are not cleaned in the M sealing covers, wherein N is more than or equal to 4 and less than or equal to 24;
and 5) calculating the cleaning rate.
Preferably, the step 2) is to mark the M sealing caps by using a bee pupa counting plate, mark the first sealing cap and the last sealing cap by using a marking pen,
the bee pupa counting plate is a rectangular plate, the length of the plate is 13cm, the width of the plate is 10cm, a hollow rhombus is arranged in the middle of the rectangular plate, the side length of the rhombus is 6cm, the acute angle is 60 degrees, and the obtuse angle is 120 degrees.
Preferably, the material of the bee pupa counting plate is plastic or aluminum alloy.
Preferably, the step 2) further comprises marking the frame of the honeycomb with a marker pen, so as to facilitate searching when checking the result.
Preferably, the pupae in the M sealing caps are artificially made to be dead pupae in the step 3), and the pupae is pricked to the bottom by using a pin without damaging the sealing caps.
Preferably, the pupae of bees in the M sealed caps are artificially made into dead pupae in the step 3), and the dead pupae are made by pouring liquid nitrogen on the brood spleens.
Preferably, the pupae of bees in the M sealed covers are artificially made into dead pupae in the step 3), and the son spleens are taken out and put into a refrigerator to be frozen and killed to manufacture the dead pupae.
Preferably, the number of the M caps is 100, or 200 or more.
Preferably, the N hours is 24 hours.
Preferably, in the step 4), the dead pupae or any tissue blocks of the dead pupae are marked as not being cleaned.
The method for detecting the bee cleaning behavior provided by the invention comprises the following steps: step 1) opening a beehive cover, finding out a son spleen, and finding out a son spleen area in a red eye period; step 2) marking M sealing covers, wherein M is more than or equal to 80 and less than or equal to 7000; step 3) artificially making the bee pupas in the M sealing covers become dead pupas without damaging the sealing covers; step 4) after waiting for N hours, recording the number of the dead pupae which are not cleaned in the M sealing covers, wherein N is more than or equal to 4 and less than or equal to 24; and 5) calculating the cleaning rate.
If the cleaning proportion exceeds 80%, the bee colony is high in cleaning speed of dead pupae. In breeding projects, it is often necessary to find fast-clearing bee colonies and relatively slow-clearing bee colonies, and only differences are found for selection, and only selection is for genetic progress. Therefore, by simultaneously measuring the cleaning behavior of a plurality of swarms, when the cleaning rate is checked after 24 hours, it is found that the cleaning rates of different swarms are all 80% or more, and the test can be performed again, and the inspection time can be shortened. The number of cleans can be checked, for example, by waiting 18 hours or 12 hours. Until, within a certain time, fast and relatively slow colonies of bees are found for cleaning. The cleaning proportion is high, the fast bee species anti-mite ability is strong, can be used in the further anti-mite bee species breeding project.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for detecting a bee cleaning behavior according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for detecting a bee cleaning behavior according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The method for detecting the bee cleaning behavior provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: step 1) opening a beehive cover, finding out a son spleen, and finding out a son spleen area in a red eye period; step 2) marking M sealing covers, wherein M is more than or equal to 80 and less than or equal to 7000; step 3) artificially making the bee pupas in the M sealing covers become dead pupas without damaging the sealing covers; step 4) after waiting for N hours, recording the number of the dead pupae which are not cleaned in the M sealing covers, wherein N is more than or equal to 4 and less than or equal to 24; and 5) calculating the cleaning rate.
If the cleaning proportion exceeds 80%, the bee colony is high in cleaning speed of dead pupae. In breeding projects, it is often necessary to find fast-clearing bee colonies and relatively slow-clearing bee colonies, and only differences are found for selection, and only selection is for genetic progress. Therefore, by simultaneously measuring the cleaning behavior of a plurality of swarms, when the cleaning rate is checked after 24 hours, it is found that the cleaning rates of different swarms are all 80% or more, and the test can be performed again, and the inspection time can be shortened. The number of cleans can be checked, for example, by waiting 18 hours or 12 hours. Until, within a certain time, fast and relatively slow colonies of bees are found for cleaning. The cleaning proportion is high, the fast bee species anti-mite ability is strong, can be used in the further anti-mite bee species breeding project.
The step 2) specifically comprises the steps of marking M sealing covers by using a bee pupa counting plate, marking a first sealing cover and a last sealing cover by using a marking pen, wherein the bee pupa counting plate is a rectangular plate, the length of the bee pupa counting plate is 13cm, the width of the bee pupa counting plate is 10cm, a hollow rhombus is arranged in the middle of the rectangular plate, the side length of the rhombus is 6cm, the acute angle of the rhombus is 60 degrees, and the obtuse angle of the rhombus is 120 degrees. The material of the bee pupa counting plate is plastic or aluminum alloy. The bee pupa counting plate adopted here can complete the marking at one time, for example, when M is 100, 100 positions can be arranged on the bee pupa counting plate, and the one-time marking is realized.
In order to further optimize the above solution, step 2) also includes marking the frame of the honeycomb with a marker pen, so as to facilitate searching when checking the result. And step 3), artificially enabling the bee pupas in the M sealing covers to become dead pupas, and pricking the bee pupas to the bottom by using a large-head needle without damaging the sealing covers. And 3) artificially making the bee pupas in the M sealing covers become dead pupas, and irrigating the son spleens with liquid nitrogen to manufacture the dead pupas. Artificially turning the bee pupas in the M sealed covers into dead pupas in the step 3), taking out the brood spleens, putting the brood spleens into a refrigerator, and freezing to death to manufacture the dead pupas. The number of the M sealing covers is 100, or 200 or more. The N hours is 24 hours. And 4) recording the dead pupae or any tissue blocks of the dead pupae as not completing cleaning.
Specifically, the method for detecting the bee cleaning behavior provided by the embodiment of the invention may be: taking a frame of spleen in a swarm box to be detected; checking the day age of the bee pupae; selecting bee pupas in the red-eye stage, puncturing the bee pupas with large-head needles through sealing covers, and puncturing 100 sealing covers in total; marking the detected son spleens, and putting the son spleens into an original bee box; after 16-24 hours, taking out the son spleens from the beehive, and counting the number of the caps which are not cleaned up in 100 bees; and calculating the cleaning percentage of the sealing cover, and evaluating the cleaning behavior intensity of the bees. The method for detecting the bee cleaning behavior provided by the embodiment of the invention can quickly and accurately detect and evaluate the intensity of the bee colony cleaning behavior, and lays a foundation for breeding bee varieties (lines) with strong disease resistance.
Specifically, the method for detecting the bee cleaning behavior provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) and opening the beehive cover, finding out the sub-spleen, and finding out the sub-spleen area in the red eye stage.
(2) 100 sealing covers are marked by a bee pupa counting plate, a first sealing cover and a last sealing cover are marked by a marking pen, and meanwhile, the marking pen is required to be used for marking on a frame of the honeycomb, so that the result can be conveniently searched during checking.
(3) The method for artificially making the dead pupa is to prick the bee pupa to the bottom by using a pin, but does not damage a sealing cover.
(4) After waiting 24 hours, the marked spleens were removed and the number of dead pupae in the 100 closures that were not cleaned was recorded, and any tissue mass of the dead pupae or dead pupae was noted as not having been cleaned.
(5) The percentage of clean was calculated using the following formula.
(6) If the cleaning proportion exceeds 80%, the bee colony is high in cleaning speed of dead pupae. In breeding projects, it is often necessary to find fast-clearing bee colonies and relatively slow-clearing bee colonies, and only differences are found for selection, and only selection is for genetic progress. Therefore, by simultaneously measuring the cleaning behavior of a plurality of swarms, when the cleaning rate is checked after 24 hours, it is found that the cleaning rates of different swarms are all 80% or more, and the test can be performed again, and the inspection time can be shortened. The number of cleanings can be checked, for example, 18 hours or 12 hours after the bee pupae have been stunted. Until, within a certain time, fast and relatively slow colonies of bees are found for cleaning. The cleaning proportion is high, the fast bee species anti-mite ability is strong, can be used in the further anti-mite bee species breeding project.
The method for detecting the bee cleaning behavior provided by the embodiment of the invention adopts an artificial dead pupa manufacturing method, and evaluates the cleaning capability of the bees; by adopting a random simple sampling method, the detection can accurately reflect the whole situation of the bee colony; the detection tool is small and exquisite, easy to carry and low in manufacturing cost; the detection method is simple and convenient and easy to operate; without the help of laboratory or large-scale instruments and tools.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (1)
1. A method of detecting bee cleaning activity, comprising:
step 1) opening a beehive cover, finding out a son spleen, and finding out a son spleen area in a red eye period;
step 2) marking M sealing covers, wherein M is more than or equal to 80 and less than or equal to 7000;
step 3) artificially making the bee pupas in the M sealing covers become dead pupas without damaging the sealing covers;
step 4) after waiting for N hours, recording the number of the dead pupae which are not cleaned in the M sealing covers, wherein N is more than or equal to 4 and less than or equal to 24;
step 5) calculating the cleaning rate,
the step 2) is to mark the M sealing covers by adopting a bee pupa counting plate, mark a first sealing cover and a last sealing cover by using a marking pen,
the bee pupa counting plate is a rectangular plate, the length of the plate is 13cm, the width of the plate is 10cm, a hollow rhombus is arranged in the middle of the rectangular plate, the side length of the rhombus is 6cm, the acute angle is 60 degrees, the obtuse angle is 120 degrees,
in the step 4), the dead pupae or any tissue blocks of the dead pupae are marked as not being cleaned,
the material of the bee pupa counting plate is plastic or aluminum alloy,
the step 2) also comprises marking the frame of the sub-spleen with a marker pen, so as to be convenient for searching when checking the result,
artificially making the bee pupas in the M sealing covers become dead pupas in the step 3), and pricking the bee pupas to the bottom by using a pin without damaging the sealing covers, or artificially making the bee pupas in the M sealing covers become dead pupas in the step 3), and making the dead pupas by using liquid nitrogen to irrigate on a broodstock, or artificially making the bee pupas in the M sealing covers become dead pupas in the step 3), and putting the broodstock into a refrigerator to freeze and make the dead pupas in the step 3),
the number of the M sealing covers is 100, or more than 200,
the N hours is 24 hours.
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