CN108154780A - A kind of difference x-ray attenuation degree simulation model and production method - Google Patents
A kind of difference x-ray attenuation degree simulation model and production method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108154780A CN108154780A CN201711488019.5A CN201711488019A CN108154780A CN 108154780 A CN108154780 A CN 108154780A CN 201711488019 A CN201711488019 A CN 201711488019A CN 108154780 A CN108154780 A CN 108154780A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to medicine and manufacturing field of equipment, in particular to a kind of different x-ray attenuation degree simulation models and production method.A kind of difference x-ray attenuation degree simulation model, including main body, spine units, blood vessel unit, muscle unit and organa parenchymatosum's unit；Main body has accommodation space, and main body is made of high transparency epoxy resin；Spine units, blood vessel unit, muscle unit and organa parenchymatosum's unit are placed on according to preset position in accommodation space；Spine units are made of gypsum material through 3D printing；Blood vessel unit is made of photosensitive resin through 3D printing；Muscle unit is made of high transparency epoxy resin through 3D printing；Organa parenchymatosum's unit is made of rubber material through 3D printing.Good figure can be presented in different x-ray attenuation degree simulation models when CT equipment works.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to medicine and manufacturing field of equipment, in particular to a kind of different x-ray attenuation degree simulation models
And production method.
Background technology
In the practice process of modern medicine, by simulation model obtain in scientific experimentation, operation teaching a large amount of
Using.CT navigating surgeries refer to the imaging technique using CT system, enable to healthcare givers complete using invasive manners such as punctures
Into operation.
CT navigating surgeries have difficulty height, technology difficult, can be applied to CT without corresponding simulation model in the prior art
Navigating surgery.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of different x-ray attenuation degree simulation models, can preferably realize in CT
Clearly picture is formed under equipment, convenient for the teaching and practice of CT navigating surgeries, and such different x-ray attenuation degrees emulate mould
Type is simple in structure, easy to operate, can significantly improve the efficiency of CT navigating surgeries, and easily manufactured, is conducive to flow on a large scale
Waterline produces.
Another object of the present invention is to disclose the production method for making above-mentioned different x-ray attenuation degree simulation models,
It can efficiently, quickly complete the making of different x-ray attenuation degree simulation models, while ensure good CT imagings.
What the embodiment of the present invention was realized in：
A kind of difference x-ray attenuation degree simulation model, including：
Main body, spine units, blood vessel unit, muscle unit and organa parenchymatosum's unit；Main body has an accommodation space, main body by
High transparency epoxy resin is made；Spine units, blood vessel unit, muscle unit and organa parenchymatosum's unit are put according to preset position
It puts in accommodation space；Spine units are made of gypsum material through 3D printing；Blood vessel unit is made of photosensitive resin through 3D printing；
Muscle unit is made of high transparency epoxy resin through 3D printing；Organa parenchymatosum's unit is made of rubber material through 3D printing.
The different organs of human body have different CT values in the irradiation of CT equipment, thus difference can also be presented in CT equipment
Figure, medical worker just can be by the different internal organs of these graphical demarcations, and then complete the operation to corresponding internal organs.So
And in the manufacturing process of simulation model, in itself, the internal organs of existing emulation cannot be had different and human internal organ well
Have the model of the CT values of corresponding organs so that simulation model cannot be generated when CT equipment works it is corresponding with true internal organs
Figure, so as to affect the work imparted knowledge to students and studied by simulation model.
Accordingly, inventor has invented a kind of different x-ray attenuation degree simulation models by long-term experiment from research.It has
Standby main body, spine units, blood vessel unit, muscle unit and organa parenchymatosum's unit.Main body is made of high transparency epoxy resin；Backbone
Unit, blood vessel unit, muscle unit and organa parenchymatosum's unit are placed on according to preset position in accommodation space；Spine units
It is made of gypsum material through 3D printing；Blood vessel unit is made of photosensitive resin through 3D printing；Muscle unit is by high transparency asphalt mixtures modified by epoxy resin
Fat is made through 3D printing；Organa parenchymatosum's unit is made of rubber material through 3D printing.It has been made by different materials corresponding dirty
The model of device, and the model can obtain the figure almost the same with true internal organs when CT equipment works, so as to meet doctor
The task that treatment worker is imparted knowledge to students and studied by simulation model preferably improves the bad technology of prior art imaging and asks
Topic.
To sum up, such different x-ray attenuation degree simulation models are simple in structure, easy to operate, can significantly be imaged
Efficiency, and it is easily manufactured, be conducive to large-scale pipeline production.
In an embodiment of the present invention：
Above-mentioned difference x-ray attenuation degree simulation model further includes extexine；
Extexine is wrapped on the circumferential surface of main body；
Extexine is made by rubber material.
In an embodiment of the present invention：
Above-mentioned extexine is made of polylactic acid through 3D printing.
In an embodiment of the present invention：
Above-mentioned spine units include outer housing and the gypsum being poured in outer housing.
In an embodiment of the present invention：
Above-mentioned outer housing is processed into through FDM printers.
In an embodiment of the present invention：
Above-mentioned blood vessel unit is configured to the laser of specific wavelength and intensity focusing on photo-curing material surface, be allowed to by
Point is to line, and by line to one level of face consecutive solidification, many levels are overlapped mutually.
In an embodiment of the present invention：
Above-mentioned blood vessel unit is made by SLA printers.
In an embodiment of the present invention：
Above-mentioned organa parenchymatosum's unit includes the one or more of liver unit, spleen unit, kidney unit and lungs unit.
In an embodiment of the present invention：
Above-mentioned organa parenchymatosum's unit is processed by polylactic acid through 3D printer.
In an embodiment of the present invention：
Above-mentioned organa parenchymatosum is formed by FDM printer processing and fabricatings.
The present invention also provides a kind of production methods of different x-ray attenuation degree simulation models, are used to make any of the above-described
The different x-ray attenuation degree simulation models of item, include the following steps：
Extexine is made with FDM printers；
Blood vessel unit is made with SLA printers；
Spine units are made with 3D printer；
Organa parenchymatosum's unit is made with FDM printers；
Spine units, blood vessel unit and organa parenchymatosum's unit are installed in extexine；
High transparency epoxy resin is perfused into extexine again, extexine is removed after curing；Above-mentioned high transparency epoxy resin warp
Main body is formed after curing.
Production method in this way can quickly and easily obtain different x-ray attenuation degree simulation models, and make
Different x-ray attenuation degree simulation models have good imaging capability.
In an embodiment of the present invention：
It is above-mentioned to include the following steps during spine units are made with 3D printer：
Outer housing is made with 3D printer, outer housing is adapted with spine units；
Gypsum is perfused into outer housing again to form spine units.
In an embodiment of the present invention：
Above-mentioned outer housing is processed by poly-lactic acid material through FDM printers.
In an embodiment of the present invention：
Above-mentioned organa parenchymatosum's unit is made by poly-lactic acid material through FDM printers；
And it is stuffed entirely with full poly-lactic acid material in organa parenchymatosum's unit.
The advantageous effect of the embodiment of the present invention is：
A kind of difference x-ray attenuation degree simulation model, including main body, spine units, blood vessel unit, muscle unit and essence
Organ unit.Main body is made of high transparency epoxy resin；Spine units are made of gypsum material through 3D printing；Blood vessel unit is by light
Quick resin is made through 3D printing；Muscle unit is made of high transparency epoxy resin through 3D printing；Organa parenchymatosum's unit is by rubber material
Material is made through 3D printing.The model of corresponding internal organs is made by different materials, and the model can when CT equipment works
The figure almost the same with true internal organs is obtained, is imparted knowledge to students and studied so as to meeting medical worker by simulation model
Task preferably improves the technical issues of prior art imaging is bad.
Description of the drawings
It in order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, below will be to needed in the embodiment attached
Figure is briefly described, it should be understood that the following drawings illustrates only certain embodiments of the present invention, therefore is not construed as pair
The restriction of range, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, can also be according to this
A little attached drawings obtain other relevant attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of structure diagram of different x-ray attenuation degree simulation models provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structure diagram at another visual angle of Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the partial enlarged view of Fig. 2；
Fig. 4 is the partial enlarged view of Fig. 1.
Icon：10- difference x-ray attenuation degree simulation models；100- main bodys；200- spine units；210- outer housings；220-
Gypsum；300- blood vessel units；400- muscle units；500- organa parenchymatosum's units；510- liver units；520- spleen units；
530- kidney units；600- extexines.
Specific embodiment
Purpose, technical scheme and advantage to make the embodiment of the present invention are clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In attached drawing, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is
Part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.The present invention being usually described and illustrated herein in the accompanying drawings is implemented
The component of example can be configured to arrange and design with a variety of different.
Therefore, below the detailed description of the embodiment of the present invention to providing in the accompanying drawings be not intended to limit it is claimed
The scope of the present invention, but be merely representative of the present invention selected embodiment.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, this field is common
Technical staff's all other embodiments obtained without creative efforts belong to the model that the present invention protects
It encloses.
It should be noted that：Similar label and letter represents similar terms in following attached drawing, therefore, once a certain Xiang Yi
It is defined in a attached drawing, does not then need to that it is further defined and explained in subsequent attached drawing.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that if occur term " " center ", " on ", " under ", "left", "right",
The orientation or position relationship of the instructions such as " vertical ", " level ", " interior ", " outer " be based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relationship,
Either the invention product using when the orientation usually put or position relationship, be for only for ease of the description present invention and simplification retouched
It states rather than indicates or imply signified device or element must have specific orientation, with specific azimuth configuration and operation,
Therefore it is not considered as limiting the invention.In addition, term " first ", " second ", " third " etc. are only used for distinguishing description, and
It is not intended that instruction or hint relative importance.
If it is not offered as requiring component abswolute level or outstanding in addition, there are the terms such as term " level ", " vertical ", " pendency "
It hangs down, but can be slightly tilted.It is not to represent to be somebody's turn to do if " level " only refers to that its direction is more horizontal with respect to for " vertical "
Structure is had to fully horizontally, but can be slightly tilted.
In the description of the present invention, it is also necessary to which explanation is unless specifically defined or limited otherwise, if there is term
" setting ", " installation ", " connected ", " connection " should be interpreted broadly, for example, it may be being fixedly connected or detachably connecting
It connects or is integrally connected；Can be mechanical connection or electrical connection；It can be directly connected, intermediate matchmaker can also be passed through
Jie is indirectly connected, and can be the connection inside two elements.It for the ordinary skill in the art, can be with concrete condition
Understand the concrete meaning of above-mentioned term in the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Fig. 1 is please referred to, Fig. 1 is a kind of knot of different 10 types of x-ray attenuation degree simulation model provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Structure schematic diagram.As can be seen from Figure 1 a kind of different 10 types of x-ray attenuation degree simulation model, including main body 100, backbone list
Member 200, blood vessel unit 300, muscle unit 400 and organa parenchymatosum's unit 500.
Main body 100 has accommodation space, and main body 100 is made of high transparency epoxy resin；
Spine units 200, blood vessel unit 300, muscle unit 400 and organa parenchymatosum's unit 500 are according to preset position
It is placed in accommodation space；
Spine units 200 are made of 220 material of gypsum through 3D printing；Blood vessel unit 300 is by photosensitive resin through 3D printing system
Into；Muscle unit 400 is made of high transparency epoxy resin through 3D printing；Organa parenchymatosum's unit 500 is by rubber material through 3D printing
It is made.
The different organs of human body have different CT values in the irradiation of CT equipment, thus difference can also be presented in CT equipment
Figure, medical worker just can be by the different internal organs of these graphical demarcations, and then complete the operation to corresponding internal organs.So
And in the manufacturing process of simulation model, in itself, the internal organs of existing emulation cannot be had different and human internal organ well
Have the model of the CT values of corresponding organs so that simulation model cannot be generated when CT equipment works it is corresponding with true internal organs
Figure, so as to affect the work imparted knowledge to students and studied by simulation model.
Accordingly, inventor has invented a kind of different 10 types of x-ray attenuation degree simulation model by long-term experiment from research.
It has main body 100, spine units 200, blood vessel unit 300, muscle unit 400 and organa parenchymatosum's unit 500.Main body 100 by
High transparency epoxy resin is made；Spine units 200, blood vessel unit 300, muscle unit 400 and organa parenchymatosum's unit 500 according to
Preset position is placed in accommodation space；Spine units 200 are made of 220 material of gypsum through 3D printing；Blood vessel unit 300 by
Photosensitive resin is made through 3D printing；Muscle unit 400 is made of high transparency epoxy resin through 3D printing；Organa parenchymatosum's unit 500
It is made of rubber material through 3D printing.The model of corresponding internal organs is made by different materials, and the model is in CT equipment work
The figure almost the same with true internal organs can be obtained when making, is imparted knowledge to students so as to meet medical worker by simulation model
With the task of research, the technical issues of prior art imaging is bad is preferably improved.Such difference x-ray attenuation degree emulation
10 type of model is simple in structure, easy to operate, the efficiency that can be significantly imaged, and easily manufactured, is conducive to large-scale pipeline
Production.
What needs to be explained here is that CT is that the certain thickness level in human body portion is scanned with X-ray beam, by detecting
Device receives the X ray through the level, after being changed into visible ray, becomes electric signal, then through analog/digital conversion from opto-electronic conversion
Device (analog/digital converter) switchs to number, inputs computer disposal.The processing that image is formed is just like to selected
Level is divided into the identical cuboid of several volumes, referred to as voxel (voxel).
The working procedure of CT is such：It is according to human body different tissues to the absorption of x-ray and the difference of transmitance, application
The high instrument of sensitivity measures human body, then will measure acquired data and inputs electronic computer, electronics calculates
After machine handles data, so that it may photograph human body and be examined the section at position or the image of solid, find any position in vivo
Tiny lesion.
Because of absorption and transmitance of the material to x-ray, this is also that another simulation model of the prior art can not achieve
One of the reason of preferable imaging effect.
High transparency epoxy resin has a preferable transparency, and can low temperature or normal temperature cure, curing rate is fast；It is glued after curing
It is preferable to connect intensity height, hardness, there is certain toughness；Solidfied material acid-proof alkaline is good, and moistureproof and waterproof, grease proofing anti-dust performance are good, moisture-proof
Heat and atmospheric aging；With good insulation, resistance to compression, adhesive strength height etc. be electrical and physical characteristic.
Fig. 2 is the structure diagram at another visual angle of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is the partial enlarged view of Fig. 2.
Fig. 1-Fig. 3 is please referred to, in the present embodiment of the present invention, above-mentioned 10 type of difference x-ray attenuation degree simulation model is also
Including extexine 600；Extexine 600 is wrapped on the circumferential surface of main body 100；Extexine 600 is made by rubber material.It is optional
Ground, above-mentioned extexine 600 are made of polylactic acid through 3D printing.
Extexine 600 is for protecting main body 100, and extexine 600 has dismountable function.It is understandable to be,
In other embodiment, different 10 types of x-ray attenuation degree simulation model can not have extexine 600.
What needs to be explained here is that polylactic acid, i.e. PLA, chemical formula is (H- [OCHCH3CO] n-OH), and single lactic acid divides
There are one hydroxyl and a carboxyl in son, multiple lactic acid molecules together ,-COOH the dehydrating condensations of-OH and other molecule ,-
- OH the dehydrating condensations of COOH and other molecule, like this, they form polymer hand in hand, are called polylactic acid.Polylactic acid
Referred to as polylactide belongs to polyester family.Polylactic acid is the polymer obtained using lactic acid as main polymerizable raw material, and raw material sources fill
Divide and can regenerate.The production process of polylactic acid is pollution-free, and product can be biodegradable, realizes following in nature
Ring, therefore be ideal Green Polymer Material.
Meanwhile the thermal stability of polylactic acid is good, 170~230 DEG C of processing temperature, the solvent resistance having had can use a variety of sides
Formula is processed, such as extruding, spinning, biaxial stretch-formed, injection-blow molding.Product is raw in addition to energy is biodegradable made of polylactic acid
Object compatibility, glossiness, the transparency, feel and heat-resist.In the present embodiment, the above-mentioned advantage of polylactic acid is made full use of,
To improve the imaging effect of model.
Further, in the present embodiment, above-mentioned spine units 200 include outer housing 210 and are poured in outer housing 210
Gypsum 220.By way of gypsum 220 is perfused into outer housing 210, the structure of spine units 200 on the one hand can be ensured
On the other hand intensity can improve imaging effect of the spine units 200 when CT equipment works.
Optionally, in the present embodiment of the present invention, above-mentioned outer housing 210 is processed into through FDM printers.
FDM is the shorthand of " Fused Deposition Modeling ", as fused glass pellet.Fusion sediment
Molding principle is as follows：It heats nozzle under control of the computer, according to the section profile information of product parts, makees X-Y plane
Movement, thermoplasticity filamentary material are sent by silk supplying machine structure to hot melt nozzle, and heat and be fused into semi liquid state in the showerhead, then by
It squeezes out, selectively coating on the table, forms one layer of sheet profiles after being quickly cooled down.The molding of one layer cross section is completed
Aftertable declines certain altitude, then carries out next layer of cladding, as " drawing " cross section profile from level to level, so recycles, most
End form is into three-dimensional objects part.
In the present embodiment of the present invention, above-mentioned blood vessel unit 300 is configured to gather the laser of specific wavelength and intensity
Coke is allowed to by point to line to photo-curing material surface, by line to one level of face consecutive solidification, many levels be overlapped mutually and
Into.Further, in the present embodiment, above-mentioned blood vessel unit 300 is made by SLA printers.
SLA is the abbreviation of " Stereo lithography Appearance ", i.e. stereolithography apparatus method.Its principle
It is to focus on photo-curing material surface with the laser of specific wavelength and intensity, is allowed to by putting to line, it is complete by line to face consecutive solidification
Into the drawing performance of a level, then lifting platform is in the height of vertical direction one synusia of movement, another level of resolidification
It is layering in this way and forms a 3D solid
SLA is earliest practical RP technique, and using liquid photosensitive resin raw material, technological principle is as shown in the figure.
Its technical process is to go out three-dimensional entity model by CAD design first, and model is carried out slicing treatment using discrete program, if
Meter scan path, the data of generation will the accurate movement for controlling laser scanner and lifting platform；Laser beam passes through numerical control device
The scanner of control is irradiated to liquid photosensitive resin surface by the scan path of design, makes one layer in the specific region of surface to set
After fat curing, as soon as after layer completion of processing, a section of generation part；Then lifting platform declines certain distance, cured layer
Another layer of liquid resin of upper covering, then second layer scanning is carried out, the second cured layer is bonded in securely on previous cured layer, in this way
It is formed by stacking 3 D workpiece prototype from level to level.After prototype is taken out from resin, finally cured, then through polishing, plating, spray
Paint or coloring treatment are desired product.
Fig. 4 is the partial enlarged view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 1-Fig. 4 is please referred to, in the present embodiment of the present invention, above-mentioned organa parenchymatosum's unit 500 includes liver unit
510th, the sheet or a variety of of spleen unit 520, kidney unit 530 and lungs unit.Further, in the present embodiment, substantive device
Official's unit 500 includes 510, spleen units 520 of a liver unit and a kidney unit 530.
In the present embodiment, above-mentioned organa parenchymatosum's unit 500 is processed by polylactic acid through 3D printer.Optionally, on
Organa parenchymatosum is stated to form by FDM printer processing and fabricatings.
In this way, the model of corresponding internal organs is made by different materials, and the model can be obtained when CT equipment works
The figure almost the same with true internal organs is obtained, times for being imparted knowledge to students and being studied so as to meet medical worker by simulation model
Business preferably improves the technical issues of prior art imaging is bad.
Embodiment 2
The present invention also provides a kind of production methods of different 10 types of x-ray attenuation degree simulation model, are used to make and implement
Different 10 types of x-ray attenuation degree simulation model of example one, include the following steps：
Extexine 600 is made with FDM printers；
Blood vessel unit 300 is made with SLA printers；
Spine units 200 are made with 3D printer；
Organa parenchymatosum's unit 500 is made with FDM printers；
Spine units 200, blood vessel unit 300 and organa parenchymatosum's unit 500 are installed in extexine 600；
High transparency epoxy resin is perfused into extexine 600 again, extexine 600 is removed after curing；Above-mentioned high transparency epoxy
Main body 100 is formed after resin is cured.
Production method in this way can quickly and easily obtain different 10 types of x-ray attenuation degree simulation model, and make
Different 10 types of x-ray attenuation degree simulation model of work have good imaging capability.And pass through FDM printers and SLA printers
The model of making have preferable structural strength and functional characteristic, with ensure different 10 types of x-ray attenuation degree simulation model into
As effect.
The present invention the present embodiment in, it is above-mentioned with 3D printer make spine units 200 during include it is as follows
Step makes outer housing 210 with 3D printer, and outer housing 210 is adapted with spine units 200；It is perfused again into outer housing 210
Gypsum 220 is to form spine units 200.Optionally, outer housing 210 is processed by poly-lactic acid material through FDM printers.
It these are only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, be not intended to restrict the invention, for those skilled in the art
For member, the invention may be variously modified and varied.Any modification for all within the spirits and principles of the present invention, being made,
Equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of difference x-ray attenuation degree simulation model, it is characterised in that：
Including main body, spine units, blood vessel unit, muscle unit and organa parenchymatosum's unit；
The main body has accommodation space, and the main body is made of high transparency epoxy resin；
The spine units, blood vessel unit, muscle unit and organa parenchymatosum's unit are placed on the appearance according to preset position
It receives in space；
The spine units are made of gypsum material through 3D printing；The blood vessel unit is made of photosensitive resin through 3D printing；Flesh
Meat unit is made of high transparency epoxy resin through 3D printing；Organa parenchymatosum's unit is made of rubber material through 3D printing.
2. difference x-ray attenuation degree simulation model according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The difference x-ray attenuation degree simulation model further includes extexine；
The extexine is wrapped on the circumferential surface of the main body；
The extexine is made by rubber material.
3. difference x-ray attenuation degree simulation model according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：
The extexine is made of polylactic acid through 3D printing.
4. difference x-ray attenuation degree simulation model according to any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that：
The spine units include outer housing and the gypsum being poured in the outer housing；
The outer housing is processed into through FDM printers.
5. difference x-ray attenuation degree simulation model according to any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that：
Organa parenchymatosum's unit includes the one or more of liver unit, spleen unit, kidney unit and lungs unit.
6. difference x-ray attenuation degree simulation model according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：
Organa parenchymatosum's unit is processed by poly-lactic acid material through FDM printers.
7. a kind of production method of difference x-ray attenuation degree simulation model, it is characterised in that：
The production method is used to make the different x-ray attenuation degree simulation models described in any one of claim 1-6, packet
Include following steps：
Extexine is made with FDM printers；
Blood vessel unit is made with SLA printers；
Spine units are made with 3D printer；
Organa parenchymatosum's unit is made with FDM printers；
Spine units, blood vessel unit and organa parenchymatosum's unit are installed in extexine；
High transparency epoxy resin is perfused into the extexine again, extexine is removed after curing；Above-mentioned high transparency epoxy resin warp
The main body is formed after curing.
8. production method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：
Include the following steps during spine units are made with 3D printer：
Outer housing is made with 3D printer, the outer housing is adapted with the spine units；
Gypsum is perfused into the outer housing again to form the spine units.
9. production method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：
The outer housing is processed by poly-lactic acid material through FDM printers.
10. according to the production method described in any one of claim 7-9, it is characterised in that：
Organa parenchymatosum's unit is made by poly-lactic acid material through FDM printers；
And it is stuffed entirely with full poly-lactic acid material in organa parenchymatosum's unit.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109523887A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-26 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of preparation method of the bionical vascular pattern of high transparency for hydrodynamics observation experiment |
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