CN108150158B - Deep fractured compact sandstone gas reservoir early water body analysis and prediction method - Google Patents
Deep fractured compact sandstone gas reservoir early water body analysis and prediction method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an early water body analysis and prediction method for a deep fractured tight sandstone gas reservoir, which comprises the following steps: step 1, sampling formation water of a gas well with an on-site metering station, carrying out conventional chemical analysis on the water and judging whether the water sample is polluted or not; step 2, judging the water type of the obtained uncontaminated undisturbed formation water; step 3, establishing a comprehensive geochemical plate for distinguishing the types of the formation water; step 4, constructing a formation water type evolution curve along with time; step 5, collecting water samples of gas wells without metering equipment in a gas testing period, a gas testing period or production, and determining the type of the collected uncontaminated formation water; then, the water production stage of the sampling well is judged by combining the representative gas well water production type and the water production evolution rule curve, and the formation water production trend is predicted; the method has the characteristics of effective water avoidance, high prediction accuracy and development economic benefit improvement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of deep fractured compact sandstone gas reservoir exploration and development, and particularly relates to an early water body analysis and prediction method for a deep fractured compact sandstone gas reservoir.
Background
The compact sandstone gas plays a significant role in the natural gas industry in China, a deep fractured compact sandstone gas reservoir is a hot spot field of compact sandstone gas exploration and development, is influenced by medium conditions of a storage space of a compact sandstone reservoir, forms a multi-scale storage space system of a fault-fracture-matrix pore, is influenced by factors such as fracture development heterogeneity, complex pore structure and the like, leads to complex formation water occurrence state, distribution characteristics and water chemistry properties, has geological problems that a single well commonly sees water, water production is fast after part of wells are put into production and the like. In the development process, the water produced by the natural gas well causes a water lock effect on a reservoir, and the water produced by the fracture communication edge bottom water causes water invasion and flooding, so that the stable yield and the high yield of the gas well are seriously influenced, and even the gas well is scrapped. Therefore, the research and development of the deep fractured tight sandstone gas reservoir formation water early system analysis and water production trend prediction technology are of great importance to the efficient development of the gas reservoir.
At present, no water body system analysis method and early warning technology aiming at deep fractured compact sandstone gas reservoir maturation exists at home and abroad. The predecessors usually adopt an empirical method, for example, aiming at a fractured compact sandstone gas reservoir of the beard family river group in the Sichuan basin, the predecessors divide the water produced by the gas well into condensate water and pure formation water, the water yield of the condensate water production stage is very low, and the chlorine content is very low; in the pure stratum water production stage, the gas well has large water yield and high water sample chlorine root content. In the production process of the gas well, once the water yield is high and the trend of continuous increase exists, the gas well is exposed to the risks of water invasion and water flooding in the stage of pure formation water production, and measures for controlling the yield and the water are required to be taken in time. However, the empirical methods do not form a system analysis technology, and are not beneficial to the early recognition and prediction of the water production condition of the fractured tight sandstone gas reservoir formation water.
Aiming at the carbonate oil and gas reservoir, a fracture-cavity carbonate oil and gas reservoir water body analysis system and method are provided. The method comprises the steps of dividing formation water into fracture water, edge bottom water, seal water and condensate water, and judging whether a water sample is polluted or not by comparing conventional analysis parameters of the formation water with parameters of a leakage drilling fluid or parameters of the water sample of a leakage well; and judging the type of the water sample by combining the characteristics of the curve generated by the stratum water of the sampling well according to the comparison relation between the geochemical parameters of the water sample and the average value of the water chemical parameters of the regional stratum, and further providing a development technology adjustment strategy.
The deep fractured tight sandstone gas reservoir has large buried depth, high drilling cost and large risk, early warning of the formation water production type and trend is realized, and the method has important effects on effectively avoiding water in the production process and improving development benefits.
The first prior art is as follows: according to the production and evolution characteristics of the formation water of the tight sandstone gas reservoir, a certain empirical regular understanding is formed by the predecessors, the formation water evolves from condensate water to pure formation water in the production process of the gas well, and the chlorine root content of the formation water gradually increases along with the production time. However, no quantitative system analysis technology system is formed for the fractured tight sandstone gas reservoir.
The second prior art is: a fracture-cave carbonate reservoir water body analysis system and method. Firstly, comparing the basic parameters of a water sample of a sample oil-gas well with the parameters of a water sample of a lost drilling fluid or an adjacent well, and judging whether the sample water sample is undisturbed formation water; then, according to the judgment result of whether the sample water sample is undisturbed formation water or not, comparing the sample water sample type parameter with the regional water sample parameter average value, and judging the type of the sample water sample; and then the production measure adjustment is carried out on the water sampling well by combining the water production curve form of the gas well. The invention sets different development technical measures for the production well by judging and identifying the type of the water body produced by the production well according to different water body characteristics.
The technical defects of the prior art II are as follows:
1) the method is not specific to deep fractured tight sandstone gas reservoirs, and the reservoir types, the gas-water distribution and the production mechanism of the two reservoirs are essentially different and cannot be used alternatively;
2) the quantification is not enough, whether the water sample is polluted or not and the type of the formation water are judged, and no quantitative evaluation method is provided;
3) the gas well production evolution curve is needed to be used in the stratum water type judgment, namely the stratum water type and the production trend can be judged only when the production reaches the stage, so that the prediction effect of a 'preemptive maker' is reduced; meanwhile, the acquisition of the curve requires long-time production and continuous testing of the water content, and some wells do not have metering conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an early water body analysis and prediction method for a deep fractured tight sandstone gas reservoir, so as to solve the problems.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a deep fractured tight sandstone gas reservoir early water body analysis and prediction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
sampling formation water of a gas well with an on-site metering station, judging whether a water sample is polluted and determining whether the sampled water sample is undisturbed formation water;
dividing stratum water in a research area into condensate water, transition water, interlayer water and pure stratum water through well data with gas field on-site production water-gas ratio and continuous chlorine content determination and an experience chart based on the formed stratum water type division, and judging the water type of the taken uncontaminated undisturbed stratum water sample;
step three, performing water conventional ion and trace element geochemical analysis on an undisturbed stratum water sample, constructing a multi-parameter intersection map by combining known stratum water chemical data, and constructing a stratum water type geochemical distinguishing map by optimizing the parameters with high division;
and step four, collecting water samples of the gas wells without metering equipment in the gas testing period, the gas testing period or the production, gradually judging the pollution degree of the water samples and geochemistry judging the types of the formation water according to the multi-parameter rendezvous chart in the step one and the step three, and determining the types of the undisturbed formation water.
Selecting a typical gas well with daily water yield, daily gas yield and field chlorine root continuous analysis; drawing by taking the single-well produced water-gas ratio as a vertical coordinate and the production time as a horizontal coordinate, and dividing a stratum water type distribution stage according to the characteristics of the water-gas ratio evolving along with time and a stratum water type distinguishing chart; based on the well water production type and the evolution rule curve of the yield along with the time, the water production stage of the water sampling well can be judged, and the formation water production trend can be predicted.
Furthermore, in the step one, the pollution of the formation water mainly has two sources, namely the pollution of the drilling leakage fluid and the pollution of the acid fracturing fluid, and different pollution degree judgment methods are adopted according to different pollution sources, and the potassium-sodium ion molar content ratio, namely rNa+/rK+Value, and abnormal NO3 -And (5) judging the ion concentration.
Further, in the step one, Cl is carried out on the taken water sample-、SO4 2-、CO3 2-、NO3 -、Na+、K+、Ca2+And Mg2+And (3) analyzing the relative content, namely judging whether the taken water sample is undisturbed formation water or not through a known chemical component characteristic chart of the polluted water sample and the non-polluted water sample.
Further, in the fifth step, in the early stage of production, the water-gas ratio is a stable low value and the chlorine content is low, so that the condensate water production stage is realized; the production water-gas ratio rises along with the time, the chlorine radical content of the corresponding formation water is increased, and the stage is a transitional water production stage; and then, the production water-gas ratio tends to be stable along with the change of time, and the production stage is a pure formation water or interlayer water production stage.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the invention has better quantitative analysis effect due to the adoption of the geochemical discrimination method for the pollution degree of the formation water, so that the influence of human factors in the discrimination of the undisturbed formation water is reduced, and the accuracy of the discrimination is enhanced;
according to the method, for the judgment of the stratum water type, on the basis of the actual stratum water production characteristics and evolution analysis, a geochemical chart for the judgment of the stratum water type is established by adopting a method combining water conventional analysis, trace element analysis and the like, so that the adverse factor of produced water-gas ratio data loss is avoided, the method has the characteristic that the production data and the stratum water-gas ratio data are not required to be continuously tested for a long time, the workload is saved, the economic cost is reduced, and the type of the produced stratum water can be effectively judged in time for gas wells with different production conditions;
the method summarizes the characteristics and the evolution trend of different types of stratum water in the production process of the representative well in the research area, and can predict the production trend of the stratum water of the production well through the judgment result of the stratum water type geochemistry chart; the used data are all from gas field production actual data, the method has stronger practicability, and the stratum water type judgment and the production trend are more accurate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an implementation flow of the deep fractured tight sandstone gas reservoir water system analysis method of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a chart for determining the degree of formation water contamination according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a chart for dividing the types of formation water for studying the water-gas ratio-chloride content produced in the target area;
FIG. 4(a) is a logarithmic graph of a strontium element-chloride ion content formation water type determination chart;
FIG. 4(b) is an arithmetic coordinate diagram of a strontium element-chloride ion content formation water type determination chart;
FIG. 5(a) is a logarithmic graph of a boron-chloride ion content formation water type determination chart;
FIG. 5(b) is an arithmetic coordinate diagram of a boron-chloride ion content formation water type determination chart;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the prediction of the production rules of a typical well formation water according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a water sample pollution degree discrimination diagram at the initial stage of KD709 well logging;
FIG. 8 is a graph of the change in produced water-gas ratio during a KD709 well test production according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a discrimination chart of water sample pollution degree in KD3-12 well production according to the present invention;
FIG. 10(a) is a discrimination graph of KD3-12 well water sample type chloride ion-strontium element content formation water type;
FIG. 10(b) is a discrimination chart of KD3-12 well water sample type chloride ion-boron element content formation water type;
FIG. 11 is a graph of the water gas ratio over time for the production of a KD3-12 well in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the implementation flow of the invention is schematically shown in figure 1, firstly, water samples are collected, production test data are collected, a formation water system analysis database is established, and whether the samples are polluted or not is judged. Examining the drilling records of the water sample well, and determining the frequency of the well leakage and the chlorine radical of the drilling fluid in the drilling processContent (caused by the presence of KCl reagent). Checking whether the water sample layer section is subjected to reservoir fracturing modification or not, and if the water sample layer section is subjected to fracturing modification and the squeezed fracturing fluid is obviously lower than the flow-back fluid, the probability of water sample pollution is greatly increased; even if the flow-back amount is larger than the amount of the squeezed fracturing fluid, the non-pollution of the water sample cannot be completely guaranteed due to the strong heterogeneity of the reservoir. Therefore, the extracted water sample must be subjected to geochemical analysis and inspection to finally determine whether the water sample is polluted or not. For example, analysis of water samples taken from KD709 wells shows that the water samples at the early stage of gas well sampling have lower sodium-potassium ion ratio (rNa)+/rK+) The result shows that the sodium-potassium ion composition relationship of a water sample is different from that of undisturbed formation water due to the pollution of the drilling fluid containing the KCl reagent (Table 1). And (3) further carrying out experimental analysis on the strontium element and the boron element of the uncontaminated formation water, and determining the type of the water sample through a geochemical judgment chart of the type of the formation water.
And finally, according to the stratum water type judgment result, predicting the stratum water production stage of the water sampling well through different stratum water production evolution rule curves, predicting the production evolution trend of the stratum water, and providing a production well water avoiding measure and development scheme adjustment suggestion.
Example 1 KD709 well
A deep fractured tight sandstone gas reservoir early water body analysis and prediction method comprises the following steps:
Step 3, determining a stratum water type experience chart (figure 3) according to the produced water-gas ratio-chlorine content relation formed by the data well on the gas field site, and judging the type of the taken water sample; and further carrying out trace element analysis on the undisturbed formation water sample, and establishing a comprehensive geochemical chart for distinguishing the type of the formation water by combining with conventional water analysis data. The method is characterized in that a multi-parameter intersection map is constructed according to known type formation water chemistry data, high-grade parameters are preferably distinguished, and a formation water type geochemistry distinguishing plate is established, for example, the formation water type distinguishing plate constructed by the strontium element, the boron element and the chloride ion content in the target area of the research has a good application effect (fig. 4 and fig. 5).
And 4, selecting a typical production well in a research area, requiring long-term metering data of daily gas production and water production, entering a large-scale water production stage or a production later stage at present, and constructing a formation water type evolution rule curve along with production time according to the evolution trend of the produced water-gas ratio along with time and the water-gas ratio thereof (figure 6).
Step 5, collecting water samples of gas wells without metering equipment in the oil testing period, the trial production period or the production, gradually judging water sample pollution and geochemistry of formation water types according to the various charts, and determining the types of undisturbed formation water; and judging the water production stage of the water sampling well through the typical gas well water production type and yield evolution rule curve, further predicting the formation water production trend, and providing a scientific basis for the adjustment and implementation of development measures.
The method can be generally divided into a stratum water pollution degree judging module, a stratum water type judging module and a stratum water production trend early warning module.
The KD709 well is located on a south wing of a Ke-depth block with a depressed Clasu structure of a Tarim basin reservoir vehicle, is an important exploration evaluation well in the area, and the gas-water distribution condition of the KD709 well is directly related to the exploration and development prospect evaluation of a new area of the south wing. The well begins trial production operation in 2015, 7 months and 5 days, and because the sandstone reservoir is compact, the trial production well section is fractured and acidized. 10 water samples were taken from 7/13 days in 2015 to 10/15 days in 2015. Displaying the well logging report of the re-inspection well, wherein the well logging report occurs for a plurality of times in the target interval in the well drilling processIn the event of well leakage, the drilling fluid contains KCl reagent, and the converted chlorine content is about 23000 mg/L. Therefore, the dual effects of drilling fluids and fracturing fluids should be considered on the sampled water. Routine chemical analysis of water shows that the taken water sample has nitrate ions (NO)3 -) The content is very low, and the influence of fracturing fluid is small; but is influenced by K in the drilling fluid+Ion mixing effects, formation water sample rNa+/rK+The ratio was below the regional undisturbed formation water standard (25) (table 1, fig. 7). Therefore, the water samples taken in this period are all polluted to a certain extent. The water sample rNa is sampled with the lapse of time+/rK+The ratio is gradually increased, which indicates that the polluted formation water is gradually discharged and the water production property evolves to the undisturbed formation water.
TABLE 1 initial water sample analysis data of down-depression KD709 well trial production by library car
Although the water production property evolves towards a pure formation water state, the water production rate (water-gas ratio) has the characteristic of gradual decline in the pilot production stage, the gas production rate has a remarkable trend of increasing, the daily gas production is steadily increased from 25 ten thousand to 35 ten thousand (figure 8), and accordingly, it can be inferred that the water production rate in the later period is not too large, and at least the production layer is not influenced by the fracture communication bottom water. Production units are therefore proposed and the well can continue to produce. The fact proves that the well does not have large-scale stratum water output, the gas production rate is continuous and stable, and economic and efficient development is realized. The well was shut in 2016, 1 month and 1 day, and was used as a backup reserve development well.
Example 2 KD3-12 well
The KD3-12 well is an evaluation well of a northwest tectonic zone of the West section of the library vehicle with a well completion depth of 7490 m. During drilling, the drilling fluid leaks 1 time in a chalky brown fine sandstone stratum of a Bashiki-Qike group, contains a KCl reagent and has the chloride ion content of 58500-80800 mg/L. Testing the well section of 7209 m-7244 m in 2012 from 10 month 1 to 2 month 2012, and producing gas 195700m in reduced daily31.94m of daily water3(Density 1.00 g/cm)3Chloride 1620mg/L, as condensate water), the test conclusion is a gas layer. Performing well completion acidizing fracturing on the well section in 2012, 10 months and 2 days, and injecting total formation acid liquid 337.03m3The production is solved by adopting 9mm and 10mm oil nozzles to open and spray, and the total discharged liquid is 203.63m in the whole process3. Then the production stage is carried out, and the early water yield is low and mainly is condensate water. After about 25 months of stable production, the water-gas production in 5, 12 and 2014 is increased compared with that in the previous stage, but the amplitude is not large. Water sample collection is carried out 12 months and 17 days in 2014, and conventional chemical analysis of water shows that the sample is basically not polluted and is reliable undisturbed formation water (figure 9). Further analyzing the contents of strontium element and boron element, and analyzing the pure formation water characteristics of the water sample through a formation water type distinguishing plate (figure 10). The method proposes to production units in time, effective water avoidance measures should be taken as soon as possible, and a large amount of pure formation water production stage is expected to be entered in the near future. And then, the daily gas production is reduced by a production unit, and a mild production solving mode is adopted to effectively reduce the formation water yield and improve the natural gas seepage capability and the drainage area.
Production practice shows that the well remained at a lower water production (low water to gas ratio) for nearly 11 months, and that water production began to increase dramatically by day 13, 11 months, 2015, indicating that larger scale water invasion has occurred under fault fracture communication (fig. 11). The well is shut-in and shut-down due to the substantial decline in natural gas production energy and the economic burden of bulk formation water treatment. The KD3-12 well stratum water production early judgment and early warning work enlarges the natural gas productivity of the well to the maximum extent, and realizes the maximization of economic benefit.
Description of the effects: through the application examples, the good application effect of the method and the judging plate is shown. Because the establishment of various charts is based on actual production data, the geological actual condition of a research area can be reflected. The stratum water pollution degree and stratum water type distinguishing plate (figures 2, 3 and 4) is limited by the number of analysis sample points, the limit value in the plate is not absolute, but the variation trend range reflected by the plate is reliable; the plate is more complete as the number of data points increases. Fig. 4 shows typical well water production types and evolution rules in the research area, which can represent the dynamic evolution characteristics of water production of most production wells in the research area, and for gas wells with similar geological characteristics, the water production types and the dynamic change rules of stratum water can be predicted according to the water production evolution curve. The invention is admittedly focused on the idea and method, various plates in the drawings can not be applied to other basins or gas fields, and the method and the idea are needed to make practical adjustment according with the research area, so as to form a targeted stratum water output type judgment and prediction method system.
Claims (4)
1. A deep fractured tight sandstone gas reservoir early water body analysis and prediction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
sampling formation water of a gas well with an on-site metering station, and judging whether a water sample is polluted and whether the sampled water sample is undisturbed formation water;
step two, dividing stratum water types of a research area into condensate water, transition water, interlayer water and pure stratum water through well data with gas field on-site production water-gas ratio and continuous chlorine content and a formed stratum water type division chart, and judging the water types of the taken uncontaminated undisturbed stratum water samples;
thirdly, performing microelement geochemical analysis on an undisturbed stratum water sample, constructing a multi-parameter rendezvous chart by combining known stratum water chemical data, and selecting parameters with high discrimination to construct a stratum water type geochemistry distinguishing chart;
step four, collecting water samples of the gas wells without metering equipment in the oil testing period, the test recovery period or the production, gradually judging the pollution degree of the water samples and geochemistry judging the types of the formation water according to the multi-parameter rendezvous chart in the step one and the step three, and determining the types of the undisturbed formation water;
selecting a representative single well in a research area, wherein the recorded data comprises continuous analysis data of daily water yield, daily gas yield and field chlorine roots; drawing by taking the single-well produced water-gas ratio as a vertical coordinate and the production time as a horizontal coordinate, and dividing a stratum water type distribution stage according to the characteristics of the water-gas ratio evolving along with time and a stratum water type distinguishing chart; and judging the water production stage of the water sampling well according to the evolution rule curve of the water production type and the yield of the production well along with the time, and further predicting the formation water production trend.
2. The method for analyzing and predicting the early water body of the deep fractured tight sandstone gas reservoir of claim 1, wherein in the step one, the pollution of formation water mainly has two sources, namely the pollution of drilling leakage fluid and the pollution of acid fracturing fluid, and different pollution degree judgment methods are adopted according to different pollution sources, and the potassium-sodium ion molar content ratio, namely rNa is respectively used+/rK+Value, and abnormal NO3 -And (5) judging the ion concentration.
3. The method for analyzing and predicting the early water body of the deep fractured tight sandstone gas reservoir according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, Cl is carried out on the taken water sample-、SO4 2-、CO3 2-、NO3 -、Na+、K+、Ca2+And Mg2+And (3) analyzing the relative content, namely judging whether the taken water sample is undisturbed formation water or not through a known chemical component characteristic chart of the polluted water sample and the non-polluted water sample.
4. The method for analyzing and predicting the early water body of the deep fractured tight sandstone gas reservoir according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, in the early production stage, the water-gas ratio is a stable low value, the chlorine content is low, and the water is a condensate production stage; the production water-gas ratio rises along with the time, the chlorine radical content of the corresponding formation water is increased, and the stage is a transitional water production stage; and then, the production water-gas ratio tends to be stable along with the change of time, and the production stage is a pure formation water or interlayer water production stage.
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