CN108150131B - Pressure wave generator for positioning and well cementation device - Google Patents
Pressure wave generator for positioning and well cementation device Download PDFInfo
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- CN108150131B CN108150131B CN201810145184.9A CN201810145184A CN108150131B CN 108150131 B CN108150131 B CN 108150131B CN 201810145184 A CN201810145184 A CN 201810145184A CN 108150131 B CN108150131 B CN 108150131B
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- pressure wave
- wave generator
- supporting seat
- rolling wheel
- push rod
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like
- E21B33/134—Bridging plugs
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/09—Locating or determining the position of objects in boreholes or wells, e.g. the position of an extending arm; Identifying the free or blocked portions of pipes
- E21B47/095—Locating or determining the position of objects in boreholes or wells, e.g. the position of an extending arm; Identifying the free or blocked portions of pipes by detecting an acoustic anomalies, e.g. using mud-pressure pulses
Abstract
The invention discloses a pressure wave generator for position location, comprising: the base body is internally provided with a transmission device, the base body is provided with a rolling wheel, and the rolling wheel is connected with the base body through a mounting shaft; the pressure wave generating mechanism comprises a supporting seat, a push rod, a return spring, a connecting rod and a pushing wing plate; the rotation of the rolling wheel can drive the transmission device to periodically push the push rod to move upwards along the axial direction of the supporting seat, so that the connecting rod is driven to move radially along the supporting seat, and the pushing wing plate is pushed out; the return spring is used for enabling the push rod to return to the initial position. The device is of a pure mechanical structure, has strong environmental adaptability, can periodically generate pressure waves, and effectively and accurately positions the actual position of equipment. The invention also provides a well cementation device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of drilling, in particular to a pressure wave generator for positioning and a well cementation device containing the pressure wave generator.
Background
The well cementation operation belongs to an important link in the oil and gas exploration and development process, and the problems of shortened service life of an oil well, huge life and property loss, environmental pollution and the like are caused by poor quality of the well cementation operation.
The well cementation rubber plug plays a role in isolating well cementation cement paste and drilling fluid in well cementation operation, the action mechanism is that the well cementation rubber plug moves towards the bottom of a sleeve under the pressure action of the drilling fluid, cement in the sleeve can be jacked into a sleeve-borehole annulus along with the movement of the rubber plug, when the rubber plug reaches the bottom of the sleeve, the rubber plug can seal with the bottom of the sleeve and does not move downwards, a pressure wave can be generated in the sealing process, in fact, in the traditional well cementation operation process, whether the sealing is in place or not is judged on site by pressure fluctuation generated in the sealing process and consumption of the drilling fluid, but in the actual operation process, the phenomenon that warping, damage and the like possibly occur on a lip-shaped rubber disc at the sealing position of the well cementation rubber plug can enter the sleeve-borehole annulus through the warping or damaged position of the rubber plug, so that the pressure fluctuation in the sealing process is not obvious, and whether the sealing is in place or not is invalid is monitored by the pressure fluctuation and the injection quantity of the drilling fluid. The cement paste in the annular space can be ejected out by injecting excessive drilling fluid to cause the condition of empty replacement, so that the well cementation failure or the low well cementation quality is caused, and on the contrary, if the rubber plug does not reach the rubber plug seat, the replacement of the fluid is stopped, so that part of cement is left in the sleeve, the material waste is caused, the workload in the next drilling process is increased, and therefore, the accurate judgment of whether the well cementation rubber plug reaches the bottom of the well is very important in the well cementation operation process.
In the traditional well cementation operation process, judging whether the rubber plug reaches the bottom of the well or not is carried out by observing the pressure change in the shaft in the process that the rubber plug falls to the seat seal at the bottom of the sleeve and measuring the drilling liquid quantity injected into the shaft at the ground surface and comparing the drilling liquid quantity with the calculated shaft volume. The problems with this approach are: on one hand, the process is single, the observation process is slightly careless and can be missed, and on the other hand, the phenomena of warping or breakage of the rubber plug and the like exist, and the problems that the pressure change amplitude of the liquid leakage or the seat sealing process is small and can not be effectively monitored exist, so that the rubber plug is invalid. In addition, the position of the rubber plug is determined by comparing the injection amount of the drilling fluid with the volume of the shaft, and the situation that the injection amount of the drilling fluid is too high or insufficient due to comparison failure caused by warping or breakage of the rubber plug possibly exists, so that the well cementation quality is influenced.
In the patent CN 204899846 cementing plug system, a cementing plug system is proposed, comprising: one of the cementing rubber plug and the rubber plug seat is provided with a signal generating module, and the other is provided with a signal receiving module; the pressure pulse generating device generates pressure waves when the signal receiving module receives the signal sent by the signal generating module; the pressure pulse monitoring device is used for monitoring pressure waves. Compared with the traditional mode, the system judges whether the rubber plug is in place or not through a wireless radio frequency mode, then triggers the pressure wave generating device, generates pressure waves through detonating explosive, and meanwhile, the intensity of the pressure waves can be preset, and the number of times of occurrence of the pressure waves can be preset, so that the problem that the amplitude of the pressure waves is unstable and single in the traditional mode is avoided. It should be noted that the system uses a large number of electronic components, has extremely strict requirements on tightness in the use process, and particularly, the pressure can be increased along with the increase of the depth of a shaft, and meanwhile, the system adopts a wireless radio frequency as a signal transmitting and receiving mode, so that the system is greatly influenced by the downhole environment; finally, the system adopts explosive explosion to generate pressure waves as a pressure wave generating device, the explosive is adopted in the mode, the explosive amount is strictly controlled, the sealing is destroyed due to large amount, and effective pressure waves cannot be formed due to small amount, so that the well cementation rubber plug system is slightly complicated, and the reliability is greatly improved in the use process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a stable and reliable purely mechanical pressure generating device, which can monitor the position of the device in real time and generate a pressure wave after sinking a certain depth.
To achieve the above object, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a pressure wave generator for position location, comprising:
the base body is internally provided with a transmission device, the base body is provided with a rolling wheel, and the rolling wheel is connected with the base body through a mounting shaft;
the pressure wave generating mechanism comprises a supporting seat, a push rod, a return spring, a connecting rod and a pushing wing plate;
the rotation of the rolling wheel can drive the transmission device to periodically push the push rod to move upwards along the axial direction of the supporting seat, so that the connecting rod is driven to move radially along the supporting seat, and the pushing wing plate is pushed out;
the return spring is used for enabling the push rod to return to the initial position.
Optionally or preferably, the transmission device comprises a gear train, the gear train is connected with the base body through a gear shaft, the head end of the gear train is connected with the rolling wheel through a driving wheel fixed on a mounting shaft, a cam is arranged on the gear shaft at the tail end of the gear train, and the driving wheel is driven to rotate through rotation of the rolling wheel so as to drive the gear train to work, so that the cam is driven to push the push rod.
Optionally or preferably, the base body is further provided with at least one centralizing wheel, the centralizing wheel is connected with the base body through a centralizing shaft, and the centralizing shaft can be driven to rotate relative to the base body through rotation of the centralizing wheel.
Alternatively or preferably, the centralising wheel is of a uniform size with the rolling wheel.
Alternatively or preferably, the righting wheel and the rolling wheel are uniformly arranged on the same horizontal plane along the axial direction of the substrate.
Optionally or preferably, a top cover is arranged on the supporting seat, a cavity is arranged in the supporting seat, the top cover seals the cavity through bolts, the push rod is located in the cavity, and the return spring is located between the top cover and the push rod.
Optionally or preferably, a groove is arranged on the outer side of the supporting seat, the leaning wing plate is positioned in the groove, and the leaning wing plate is rotatably connected with the supporting seat.
Alternatively or preferably, the middle of the pushing wing plate is rotatably connected with the connecting rod.
Alternatively or preferably, the pushing wings are plural and uniformly arranged along the support seat.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a well cementing device comprising a well cementing plug, and further comprising the pressure wave generator for position location provided in the first aspect, the well cementing plug being connected to the base bottom of the pressure wave generator.
The pressure wave generator for positioning and the well cementation device containing the pressure wave generator provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts a pure mechanical structure, has simple structure and strong adaptability to complex environments;
2. the invention adopts a pure mechanical structure, has no strict requirement on the tightness, and can still work normally after the cementing rubber plug is warped or damaged;
3. according to the invention, the size of the rolling wheel and the transmission ratio of the gear train in the transmission device are adjusted, and the frequency generated by the pressure wave is adjusted, so that the device generates a certain pressure wave without moving a certain distance, and the actual position of the device is effectively and accurately positioned.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a pressure wave generator for positional localization in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pressure wave generating mechanism of the pressure wave generator of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the pressure wave generating mechanism of the pressure wave generator of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a transmission in the pressure wave generator of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is an assembly view of the rolling wheel, drive wheel and mounting shaft of the pressure wave generator of FIG. 1;
fig. 6 is a structural view of a well cementing apparatus in a second embodiment.
In the figure:
1. a base; 11. a transmission device; 111. a gear train; 112. a gear shaft; 113. a cam; 12. a rolling wheel; 13. a mounting shaft; 14. a driving wheel; 15. a righting wheel; 16. centralizing the shaft; 2. a pressure wave generating mechanism; 21. a support base; 22. a push rod; 23. a return spring; 24. a connecting rod; 25. pushing against the wing plate; 26. a top cover; 27. a bolt; 3. well cementation rubber plug.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and detailed description for the purpose of enabling those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, which is a perspective view of a structure of a pressure wave generator for position location according to the present invention, it is mainly composed of a base body 1 and a pressure wave generating mechanism 2. The base body 1 is internally provided with a transmission device 11, the base body is provided with a rolling wheel 12, the rolling wheel 12 is connected with the base body 1 through a mounting shaft 13, the mounting shaft 13 can be driven to rotate relative to the base body 1 through the rotation of the rolling wheel 12, the mounting shaft 13 is axially fixed and cannot axially move, and the rolling wheel 12 is fixedly connected with the mounting shaft 13. When the rolling wheel 12 rotates, the mounting shaft 13 rotates together with the rolling wheel, so that the transmission device 11 is driven to work, the transmission device 11 drives the pressure wave generating mechanism 2 to work, and pressure waves are generated while the pressure wave generating mechanism works.
The base body 1 is also provided with a centralizing wheel 15 and a centralizing shaft 16, the centralizing wheel 15 is connected with the base body 1 through the centralizing shaft 16, the centralizing shaft 16 can be driven to rotate relative to the base body 1 through the rotation of the centralizing wheel 15, and the centralizing shaft 16 is axially fixed and cannot move along the axial direction. The righting wheel has the function of righting, and can ensure that the pressure wave generator cannot deviate during working. To better achieve this function, in this embodiment, the size of the righting wheel 15 is identical to that of the rolling wheel 12, and they are uniformly arranged on the same horizontal plane along the axial direction of the base body 1. It should be understood that the size of the righting wheel 15 is not exclusive and may be large or small, as long as it ensures that the overall apparatus does not shift, serving as a righting function. The number of the centralizing wheels 15 can be optimally arranged according to actual conditions to improve the stability of the equipment.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, wherein fig. 2 is a structural view of the pressure wave generating mechanism 2 in the pressure wave generator for position location, fig. 3 is a perspective view of the pressure wave generating mechanism 2. The pressure wave generating mechanism mainly comprises a supporting seat 21, a push rod 22, a return spring 23, a connecting rod 24 and a pushing wing plate 25. The support seat 21 is axially provided with a cavity enabling the push rod 22 to penetrate from the bottom of the support seat 21 and to protrude from the top of the support seat 22. A top cover 26 is also provided on the support 21, and a mounting hole is provided on the top cover 26, and the top cover 26 is used for sealing the cavity in the support 21. Screw holes are further formed in the top of the supporting seat 21, bolts 27 penetrate through mounting holes in the top cover 26 and are mounted in the screw holes, the top cover 26 can be fixed on the supporting seat 21, in the embodiment, the number of the mounting holes and the screw holes is 4, and the number of the mounting holes and the screw holes can be increased or decreased according to actual conditions. The return spring 23 is located between the top cover 26 and the push rod 22. A space for accommodating the link 24 is provided in the radial direction of the support base 21, and the space communicates with the cavity in the support base 21, so that the push rod 22 can always maintain contact with the link 24 and push the link 24 to move radially along the support base 21. A groove is further formed in the outer side of the supporting seat 21, the pushing wing plate 25 is located in the groove, one end of the pushing wing plate 25 is rotatably connected with the supporting seat 21, in the embodiment, mounting holes are formed in two sides of the groove, through holes are formed in the pushing wing plate 25, and the pushing wing plate 25 is connected with the supporting seat 21 through bolts penetrating through the mounting holes and the through holes in the pushing wing plate 25; the middle part of the pushing leaning wing plate 25 is rotatably connected with one end of the connecting rod 24, so that the connecting rod 24 can better push the pushing leaning wing plate 25. The pushing wing plates 25 may be provided in plural, three in this embodiment, and uniformly arranged on the support base. In order to better push the push rod 22, one end thereof is located outside the support seat 21 in the present embodiment.
Pushing the push rod 22 compresses the return spring to move upwards along the axial direction 23 of the supporting seat 21, so that the push rod 22 pushes the connecting rod 24 to move radially along the supporting seat 21 and pushes out the pushing wing plate 25; when pushing of the push rod 2 is stopped, the return spring 23 exerts its inherent function, allowing the push rod 22 to return to its original position, so that the push-against flap 25 is retracted. When the push-against wing 25 is pushed out, the resistance to movement of the pressure wave generator increases, slowing down its movement, and pressure fluctuations and thus pressure waves are generated in the process.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, fig. 4 is a structural view of the transmission 11 in the pressure wave generator for position location, and fig. 5 is an assembly view of the rolling wheel 12, the driving wheel 14 and the mounting shaft 13 in the pressure wave generator for position location. The transmission 11 mainly comprises a gear train 111 which is operative to receive the driving signal of the rolling wheel 12 and to convert it into a periodic triggering pressure wave generating means 2 for generating pressure waves. The gear train 111 is connected to the base 1 through a gear shaft 112, and the gear shaft 112 can be driven to rotate relative to the base 1 by rotation of the gear train 111. The head end of the gear train 111 is connected to a driving wheel 14 fixedly mounted on the mounting shaft 13, and the rotation of the rolling wheel 12 drives the mounting shaft 13 to rotate so as to drive the driving wheel 14 to rotate, thereby operating the gear train 111. A cam 113 is provided on a gear shaft at the end of the gear train 111, and the push rod 22 can be pushed to move axially upward along the support seat 21 by the cam 113. The cam 113 is fixedly mounted on a gear shaft at the end of the gear train 111.
The configuration of the gear train 111 in the transmission 11 is related to the pressure wave generation frequency or depth interval preset by the system, while also being limited by the overall size of the structure.
In the pressure wave generator for positioning in this embodiment, during operation, the rotation of the rolling wheel 12 drives the driving wheel 14 to rotate, so as to drive the gear train 111 to operate, so that the cam 113 rotates, along with the rotation of the cam 113, it can push the connecting rod 22 to compress the return spring 23 and move upwards along the supporting seat 21, during the movement of the push rod 22, the push rod 22 pushes the connecting rod 24 to move radially along the supporting seat 21, so as to push out the pushing wing plate 25, when the pushing wing plate 25 is pushed out, the resistance of the movement of the pressure wave generator is increased, the speed of the movement is slowed down, during this process, pressure fluctuation is generated, so that pressure waves are generated, and the frequency of the pressure wave generation can be realized by adjusting the size of the rolling wheel 12 and the transmission ratio of the gear train 111 in the transmission device 11. As the cam 113 continues to rotate, it will stop pushing the push rod 22, at which time the push rod 22 slowly returns to its original state under the action of the return spring 23, during which the push wings 25 are simultaneously retracted.
The pressure wave generator for positioning provided by the invention can be suitable for places where the position of the device is required to be judged by monitoring the pressure fluctuation, adopts a pure mechanical structure, has a simple structure, has stronger adaptability to complex environments, and has no strict requirement on the tightness of the whole equipment; in addition, the size of the rolling wheel and the transmission ratio of a gear train in the transmission device can be adjusted, and the frequency generated by the pressure wave can be adjusted, so that the device generates a certain pressure wave when moving a certain distance, and the actual position of the device can be effectively and accurately positioned.
Example two
Referring to fig. 6, the present embodiment provides a well cementing device having the pressure wave generator for position location in the first embodiment, which comprises a well cementing rubber plug 3 and the pressure wave generator for position location in the first embodiment, wherein the well cementing rubber plug 3 is fixedly connected with the bottom of the base body 1 of the pressure wave generator.
In the well cementation device, in the process of falling along a shaft, a rolling wheel 12 always keeps contact with the wall of the shaft and rolls along the wall of the shaft, so that a gear train 111 in a transmission device 11 is driven to work under the action of a driving wheel 14, the cam 113 contacts with a push rod 22 of a pressure wave generating mechanism 2, the cam 113 pushes the push rod 22 to move, and a connecting rod 24 is pushed to move to drive a pushing wing plate to push out; as the rolling wheel 12 continues to rotate, the cam 113 stops pushing the push rod 22, and at this time, the push rod 22 slowly returns to the original state under the action of the return spring 23, and the push wing plate 25 is simultaneously retracted during this process. When the pushing wing plate 25 is pushed out, the friction force between the pushing wing plate 25 and the well wall is larger and larger due to structural limitation in the process of contacting the well wall, so that the falling speed of the whole device is gradually slowed down or even stopped, the process can cause pressure fluctuation in the well shaft due to the sealing action of the well cementation rubber plug 3, the fluctuation amplitude of the pressure fluctuation is related to the falling deceleration of the device, and the pressure fluctuation can be controlled by adjusting the friction coefficient between the pushing wing plate 25 and the well shaft and the contact curve shape between the push rod 22 and the connecting rod 24. The frequency of pressure wave generation can be achieved by adjusting the size of the rolling wheel 12 and the gear ratio of the gear train 111 in the transmission 11.
In the falling process of the well cementation device, a user can calculate the generation condition of the twice pressure waves, so that the generation depth of the pressure waves is determined, and the actual falling position of the well cementation device is accurately positioned.
The well cementation device can set the pressure wave generation frequency or depth interval in advance according to the requirement of operation precision, has no strict requirement on tightness due to the adoption of a pure mechanical structure, can influence the normal transmission of the gear train 111 due to the fact that large particles exist in the underground length, and can be simply isolated at a fluid inlet and outlet in the actual use process by using a filter screen. The mechanism can relatively accurately determine the falling depth of the rubber plug through continuously generated pressure fluctuation in the well cementation operation process, the problem of misjudgment caused by positioning only through single seat pressure fluctuation in the traditional operation mode is avoided, meanwhile, a pure mechanical mechanism is adopted, the system is relatively simple, and the adaptability to the environment is strong.
According to the well cementation device provided by the invention, under the condition that the action mechanism of the well cementation rubber plug is not changed, by adding the pressure wave generator for positioning, certain pressure fluctuation can be generated when the well cementation rubber plug falls to a certain depth, so that the pressure wave receiving and demodulating system on the ground can accurately judge the current position of the rubber plug, and then the current position is compared with the preset seat seal position to judge whether the current position is in place or not, and when the well cementation rubber plug cannot reach the specified seat seal position due to warping or breakage, the device is particularly beneficial, and the position of the rubber plug can be judged relatively accurately according to the last pressure fluctuation.
In conclusion, the well cementation device provided by the invention has the characteristics of simple and reasonable structural design, lower manufacturing and maintenance cost, good reliability, high positioning accuracy, strong environment adaptability, proper adjustment of pressure wave generation amplitude and frequency and the like. When the device is used for well cementation operation, the underground position of the rubber plug can be effectively determined, insufficient or excessive drilling fluid injection caused by misjudgment is reduced, well cementation quality is improved, and unnecessary loss is avoided.
The pressure wave generator for positioning and the well cementation device containing the pressure wave generator are described in detail. The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to facilitate an understanding of the core concepts of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations of the invention can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications and adaptations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
Claims (6)
1. A pressure wave generator for position location, comprising:
the base body is internally provided with a transmission device, the base body is provided with a rolling wheel, and the rolling wheel is connected with the base body through a mounting shaft;
the pressure wave generating mechanism comprises a supporting seat, a push rod, a return spring, a connecting rod and a pushing wing plate; the outer side of the supporting seat is provided with a groove, the pushing wing plate is positioned in the groove, and the pushing wing plate is rotatably connected with the supporting seat;
the rotation of the rolling wheel can drive the transmission device to periodically push the push rod to move upwards along the axial direction of the supporting seat, so that the connecting rod is driven to move radially along the supporting seat, and the pushing wing plate is pushed out;
the return spring is used for enabling the push rod to return to an initial position;
the middle part of the pushing wing plate is rotatably connected with the connecting rod, so that the pushing wing plate is retracted;
the transmission device comprises a gear train, the gear train is connected with the base body through a gear shaft, the head end of the gear train is connected with the rolling wheel through a driving wheel fixed on the mounting shaft, a cam is arranged on the gear shaft at the tail end of the gear train, and the driving wheel is driven to rotate through rotation of the rolling wheel so as to drive the gear train to work, so that the cam is driven to push the push rod;
the supporting seat is provided with a top cover, a cavity is formed in the supporting seat, the top cover seals the cavity through bolts, the push rod is located in the cavity, and the reset spring is located between the top cover and the push rod.
2. The pressure wave generator for position location of claim 1, wherein the base is further provided with at least one centering wheel, the centering wheel being coupled to the base via a centering shaft, the centering shaft being rotatable relative to the base by rotation of the centering wheel.
3. The pressure wave generator of claim 2, wherein the righting wheel is sized to conform to the rolling wheel.
4. A pressure wave generator for positional positioning as defined in claim 3, wherein the righting wheel and the rolling wheel are uniformly disposed in the same horizontal plane along the base body axis.
5. The pressure wave generator for positional localization of claim 1, wherein the push wings are plural and uniformly disposed along the support base.
6. A well cementing apparatus comprising a well cementing plug, further comprising a pressure wave generator for positional positioning according to any one of claims 1 to 5, said well cementing plug being connected to a base bottom of said pressure wave generator.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810145184.9A CN108150131B (en) | 2018-02-12 | 2018-02-12 | Pressure wave generator for positioning and well cementation device |
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| CN201810145184.9A CN108150131B (en) | 2018-02-12 | 2018-02-12 | Pressure wave generator for positioning and well cementation device |
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