CN108149506A - With the method for vinasse production high purity cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin - Google Patents

With the method for vinasse production high purity cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin Download PDF

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CN108149506A
CN108149506A CN201810108510.9A CN201810108510A CN108149506A CN 108149506 A CN108149506 A CN 108149506A CN 201810108510 A CN201810108510 A CN 201810108510A CN 108149506 A CN108149506 A CN 108149506A
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lignin
hemicellulose
vinasse
cellulose
drying
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CN108149506B (en
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禹果
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Guizhou Huaqing Kewei Environmental Energy Co Ltd
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Guizhou Huaqing Kewei Environmental Energy Co Ltd
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21CPRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C5/00Other processes for obtaining cellulose, e.g. cooking cotton linters ; Processes characterised by the choice of cellulose-containing starting materials
    • D21C5/005Treatment of cellulose-containing material with microorganisms or enzymes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08HDERIVATIVES OF NATURAL MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08H6/00Macromolecular compounds derived from lignin, e.g. tannins, humic acids

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of methods with vinasse production high purity cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, which is characterized in that their production stage includes:1)Drying is milled;2)Albumen removes:Albumen removal is carried out to vinasse using biological enzyme;3)Organic solvent high temperature high pressure process:It adds in food-grade aqueous solutions of organic solvent and carries out high temperature high pressure process;Separation of solid and liquid again obtains solid cellulose and liquid component;4)Filtrate is precipitated:It is mixed using cooling water with filtrate, staticly settles to obtain lignin;5)Remaining liq is sent to vacuum distillation plant and carries out organic solvent recycling and moisture evaporation, so as to obtain high-purity hemicellulose.High purity cellulose, hemicellulose and the lignin that the present invention separates can be added to as high value functional dietary fiber raw material in varieties of food items.The present invention includes any these method for separating and processing that are used in combination and produces vinasse high purity cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin.

Description

With the method for vinasse production high purity cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method with vinasse production high purity cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, specifically, It is related to a kind of method using three kinds of physics, chemistry, biology combinatorial associations and produces vinasse cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin Processing method.
Background technology
All kinds of cereal(Sorghum, wheat, corn, barley, rice etc.)By the starch contained by it under microbial fermentation effect Conversion is ethyl alcohol, is the basic production principle of the fermentation industries such as white wine, beer, yellow rice wine and Alcohol Production.Cereal is through hair Remaining ingredient after ferment, drinks and alcoholic extraction, is commonly called as vinasse.Vinasse are usually contained compared with high-moisture, and high organic content, such as Directly abandon or it is improper conduct oneself well to put be easy to cause environmental pollution.Simultaneously because protein, amino acid, fiber in cereal etc. other Loss of the valuable constituent during amylofermentation producing and ethanol is less, is still among vinasse, so if not to vinasse It is used, the significant wastage of resource can be caused.
Dietary fiber generally can not be decomposed by human body alimentary canal enzyme, and main component is polysaccharide(Cellulose, hemicellulose Element)And lignin.Dietary fiber can change the food nature in enteron aisle, change the absorption side of other nutrients and chemical substance Formula increases the food volume in enteron aisle and in stomach, can increase satiety.Simultaneously dietary fiber can enhance the bacterium colony of big enteral into Divide and adsorb the harmful substance in enteron aisle, so as to promote health.In recent years, with hyperglycemia hypertension caused by obesity Problem is continuously increased, and the demand that dietary fiber is added to as high value functional fiber raw material in varieties of food items is also being carried It is high.
At present, both at home and abroad there is not yet utilizing vinasse production high-purity high value cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin Report.Current application for a patent for invention related to this includes 102356882 B of CN(It is fine that biological diet is produced using brewex's grains Method for tieing up element and products thereof)、CN 105476031 A(Vinasse dietary fiber and its production method)And CN 102960742 A(The method of water-soluble dietary fiber in Enzymatic Extraction vinasse).
The method of wherein 102356882 B of CN includes with step:Brewex's grains plus water mill are starched, adjust pH to 5-6, are stood 20-40 minutes, the protease for adding in 5-10 weight percent after solid matter into filtrate again is filtered to remove, keeps the temperature 50-70 Degree Celsius, it digests 1-3 hours, pH values is adjusted to sterilize after filtering removal solid matter as biological dietary fiber again to neutrality Sterilizing, which is re-used as biological dietary cellulosic generation bacterium culture medium, after plain generation bacterium culture medium use or the other nutriments of addition makes With inoculating biological dietary cellulosic producing strains, fermenting and producing biology dietary cellulosic film.It can be seen that this patent is to utilize beer wine Culture medium of the nutriment as biological dietary cellulosic in grain, then produces biological dietary cellulosic film using fermentation method, Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin are detached not from brewex's grains.
105476031 A of CN elaborate another vinasse dietary fiber production method.The method involves the steps of:1) Vinasse and calcium chloride are stirred reaction, flocks is stood, refilters collection flocculation material;2)Acid adding decalcification;3)Use sodium carbonate Carry out alkali process;4)Bleaching is carried out using hydrogen peroxide;5)Washing and drying.It can be seen that the vinasse fiber that this technique is produced is The mixture of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, core are to handle vinasse using the aqueous slkali of high concentration.By Mix products are not detached in after alkaline solution treatment, so obtained dietary fiber product is cellulose, half fiber The mixture of dimension element and lignin.
The extraction process for the water-soluble dietary fiber that 102960742 A of CN are illustrated comprises the steps of:Fresh vinasse powder → pH → temperature control enzymolysis → centrifugation → pH is adjusted to be adjusted to neutrality → concentration → 4 times 95% ethanol precipitation of volume → standing → filtering → dry → weigh to obtain water-soluble dietary fiber.The essential core step of this technique is to remove the fat and albumen in vinasse After matter, the water-soluble dietary fiber component that the dissolved component in 95% ethyl alcohol is considered as in vinasse, then extracted, filtering With obtaining water-soluble dietary fiber after drying.It can be seen that the product that such technique obtains is also cellulose, hemicellulose and wooden The mixture of element.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of sides with vinasse production high purity cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin Method, the process employs the process entirely different with background document, the method using physical chemistry and biology is fine by vinasse Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in dimension carry out separation and purifying gradually, obtain cellulose, the hemicellulose of high-purity And lignin.Since three kinds of ingredients of key in dietary fiber are able to detach under technical conditions described in the invention, purify, So that the nutritive value and market value of vinasse fiber are fully demonstrated.The present invention uses the organic molten of food-grade simultaneously For agent aqueous solution as core separation agent, avoiding that vinasse handle due to the use of high concentration alkali solution makes vinasse solution face Color blacks and generates other byproducts of reaction;Vinasse are not carried out with biofermentation again in entire technical process.
The purpose of the present invention and its technical problem underlying of solution are realized using following technical scheme:It is a kind of to use wine High purity cellulose, hemicellulose and the lignin of grain production, which is characterized in that their production stage includes:
1)Drying is milled:Moisture is in the former wine grain drying of 40-90% and is milled so that the moisture of vinasse is down to 5- 30%, grain size is between 65-300 mesh;
2)Albumen removes:Albumen removal is carried out to vinasse using biological enzyme;The biological enzyme is protease or protease with accounting for The mixed enzyme of the cellulase of protease content 1%-5%;
3)Aqueous solutions of organic solvent high temperature high pressure process:It adds in food-grade aqueous solutions of organic solvent and carries out high temperature high pressure process;So Separation of solid and liquid is carried out again afterwards, so as to obtain solid cellulose and liquid component;The food-grade aqueous solutions of organic solvent is to contain The aqueous solution of 30%-60% food-grade ethanols or the level ethyl acetate of food containing 0.1%-5% and 40%-60% food-grade ethanols Mixed aqueous solution;
4)Filtrate is precipitated:It is mixed using cooling water with filtrate, staticly settles to obtain lignin;
5)Organic solvent and moisture evaporation:Remaining liq is sent to vacuum distillation plant and carries out organic solvent recycling and moisture steaming Hair, so as to obtain high-purity hemicellulose.
The step 1)The drying mode used is roller drying, expansion drying, oven drying, freeze-drying and tradition Natural drying.
The step 1)Milling for hammer is milled, disc type is milled, two pairs of rollers are milled, pin mills and ball milling.
The step 3)During organic solvent high temperature high pressure process, the temperature of processing adds between 120-250 degrees Celsius The air pressure of work is between 450-4000 kPas.
The step 3)Solid-liquid separation process uses filter cloth or membrane filtration pattern using high speed centrifugation mode.
The step 3)Cellulose solids are bleached and purified using 1% acetic acid and 0.5% hydrogen peroxide later.
The present invention there is visibly different feature compared with prior art and realize in dietary fiber three kinds mainly into The isolation and purification divided.By above technical scheme it is found that present invention full utilization physical chemistry and the method for biology are fine by vinasse Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in dimension carry out separation and purifying gradually so that the nutritive value of vinasse fiber and city Field value is fully demonstrated;The aqueous solutions of organic solvent for using food-grade green non-poisonous simultaneously is kept away as core separation agent Exempt to carry out vinasse due to the use of high concentration alkali solution processing vinasse solution colour is made to black and generates other byproducts of reaction; Vinasse are not carried out with biofermentation again in the entire technical process of this method.The high purity cellulose separated, hemicellulose Element and lignin can be added to as high value functional dietary fiber raw material in varieties of food items.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow chart of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing and preferred embodiment, to being proposed according to the present invention with vinasse production high purity cellulose, half Method specific embodiment, structure, feature and its effect of cellulose and lignin are described in detail as after.
Referring to Fig. 1, a kind of method with vinasse production high purity cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, their production Technique includes the following steps:
(1)Drying is milled.The moisture of former wine grain is typically between 40-90%.The first step is by wine by way of drying The moisture of grain is down between 5-30% so that vinasse are convenient for storage and following process.Then the vinasse after drying are milled to 65- Between 300 mesh.
(2)Albumen removes.The protein content of vinasse is different according to the difference of fermented cereal raw material and mode of making wine, and one As vinasse albumen matter content between 10-30%.In order to the cellulose of high-purity isolated from vinasse, hemicellulose and Lignin, second step are the albumen removed by way of biology in vinasse, dissolve the albumen in vinasse by using biological enzyme Then matter obtains water-solubility protein and non-soluble fiber mixture by the method for separation of solid and liquid.The biological enzyme is albumen The mixed enzyme of the cellulase of enzyme or protease with accounting for protease content 1%-5%.
(3)Organic solvent high-temperature process.It is after removing removing protein, solid distillers' grains fibre fractionation and food-grade organic solvent is water-soluble Liquid is mixed, and the lignin in fiber and hemicellulose dissolving are then caused under conditions of high temperature and pressure, and in this condition Lower cellulose keeps original solid state.Therefore, cellulose solids can be set in next technique by separation of solid and liquid It is standby(Such as centrifuge, filter press etc.)It is detached.After cellulose solids are obtained, then with hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid to fiber Element is further purified and is bleached, to obtain high purity cellulose.Food-grade organic solvent can be food-grade containing 30%-60% The aqueous solution of ethyl alcohol or the mixed aqueous solution of the level ethyl acetate of food containing 0.1%-5% and 40%-60% food-grade ethanols.
(4)Filtrate is precipitated.Filtrate portion after separation of solid and liquid contains a large amount of lignin and hemicellulose.By filtrate with it is cold But water is mixed and is sufficiently stirred.In the process, lignin can form flocculence in water, be able to Precipitation, so as to Obtain high-purity lignin.
(5)Organic solvent and moisture evaporation.After lignin separation, remaining liq is sent to vacuum distillation plant progress Organic solvent recycles and moisture evaporation, so as to obtain high-purity hemicellulose.
The step 1)The drying mode used is roller drying, expansion drying, oven drying, freeze-drying and tradition Natural drying.
The step(1)In milling device can be selected(But it is not limited to)Hammer mills, rim discharge mill, two pairs of rollers Grinding mill, pin mills machine and ball mill.
The step(3)The temperature of reaction is controlled between 120-250 degrees Celsius, and pressure is controlled in 450-4000 thousand Between Pascal.
The step 3)Solid-liquid separation process uses filter cloth or membrane filtration pattern using high speed centrifugation mode.
The step 3)Cellulose solids are bleached and purified using 1% acetic acid and 0.5% hydrogen peroxide later.
Embodiment 1:
In this embodiment, vinasse come from one, Guizhou using sorghum, wheat as main fermentation raw material liquor production producer.It is real Step is tested with reference to Fig. 1.Specific implementation steps include:
1)Vinasse are dried in the environment of 60 degrees Celsius using the method for convection stoving, the spent wash after drying is divided into 15.3%.Then it is milled using hammer mills to distiller's dried grain, makes the material after milling that can be sieved by 65 mesh.
2)From step(1)100 milliliters of distilled water and 0.5 milliliter of egg are added in distiller's dried grain after 50 grams of grindings of middle acquisition White enzyme, shaking bath culture 2 hours, temperature are 60 degrees Celsius.
3)Separation of solid and liquid is carried out to vinasse after reaction using supercentrifuge(8000 rpms, 10 minutes), so as to divide From water-solubility protein and non-soluble fiber solid.
4)Isolated fibre solid is transferred in high-temperature high-voltage reaction device, 100 milliliters is added in and contains 55% edible ethanol And 0.2% edible acetic acid ethyl ester aqueous solution, be heated to 180 degrees Celsius, in reactor air pressure increase to 1.1 megapascal (MPa)s, tie up Hold this temperature and pressure condition 20 minutes.
5)Using supercentrifuge to step(4)Mixed liquor after reaction carries out separation of solid and liquid, obtain cellulose solids and Centrifugate rich in lignin and hemicellulose.
6)Cellulose solids are bleached and purified using 1% acetic acid and 0.5% hydrogen peroxide, obtain high-purity fiber Element;
7)100 milliliters of cooling waters are added in filtrate, are acutely rocked 5 minutes, the solid phase components then precipitated by centrifuge As high-purity lignin.
8)Remaining liquid phase component is transferred to vacuum distillation plant, and ethyl alcohol and ethyl acetate is recovered by distillation, acquired Ethyl alcohol and ethyl acetate be circularly used for step 4).
9)Continue evaporation residual moisture and obtain high-purity hemicellulose.
10)The cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin separated are weighed and Principle components analysis, and calculated point From efficiency.
By this experiment, it is found that 50 grams of distiller's dried grains can produce 11.3 grams of celluloses, 9.1 grams of hemicelluloses and 5.6 grams Lignin.According to constituent analysis, the purity for finding cellulose is 89%, and the purity of hemicellulose is 78%, and the purity of lignin is 75%。
Embodiment 2:
In this embodiment, vinasse come from beer producer of one, the Guizhou using barley as main fermentation raw material.Experimental procedure With reference to Fig. 1.Specific implementation steps include:
1)Vinasse are dried in the environment of 60 degrees Celsius using the method for convection stoving, the vinasse moisture after drying exists 10.7%.Then it is milled using rim discharge mill to this vinasse, makes the vinasse particle after grinding that can be sieved by 70 mesh.
2)The distiller's dried grain after 3 kilograms of grindings is taken to be placed in 15 liters of bioreactors, adds in 6 liters of distilled water, 30 milliliters of albumen Enzyme(Alcalase)And 0.3 milliliter of cellulase, set temperature are 55 degrees Celsius, mixing speed is 60 rpms, reaction Time is 40 minutes.
3)Separation of solid and liquid is carried out to the vinasse after reaction using disk centrifugal separator, so that water-solubility protein and non-aqueous Property solid fiber is detached.
4)Solid fiber component after collection is transferred in high-temperature reactor, 60 liters of addition is water-soluble containing 40% edible ethanol Liquid is heated to 160 degrees Celsius, in reactor air pressure increase to 0.6 megapascal (MPa), maintain this temperature and pressure 30 minutes.
5)Separation of solid and liquid is carried out to the mixed liquor after reaction using supercentrifuge, obtains cellulose solids and rich in wooden The centrifugate of element and hemicellulose.
6)Cellulose solids are bleached and purified using 1% acetic acid and 0.5% hydrogen peroxide, obtain high-purity fiber Element;
7)100 liters of cooling waters are added in filtrate, are stirred 2 hours, the solid phase components that then precipitation centrifugation obtains are high-purity Lignin.
8)Remaining liquid phase component is transferred to vacuum distillation plant, and ethyl alcohol is recovered by distillation, and obtained ethyl alcohol can follow Ring is used for step 4).
9)Continue evaporation residual moisture and obtain high-purity hemicellulose.
10)The cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin separated are weighed and Principle components analysis, and calculated point From efficiency.
By this experiment, find 3 kilograms of distiller's dried grain energy production departments 0.5 kilogram of celluloses, 0.7 kilogram of hemicellulose and 0.4 kilogram of lignin.In addition, according to constituent analysis, the purity for finding cellulose is 83%, and the purity of hemicellulose is 71%, wood The purity of quality is 68%.
Embodiment 3:
In this embodiment, vinasse come from rice wine production producer of one, the Jiangsu using rice as primary raw material.Experimental procedure is joined According to Fig. 1.Specific implementation steps include:
1)Vinasse are dried in the environment of 55 degrees Celsius using the method for convection stoving, are divided into the spent wash after drying 18.5%.Then it is milled using pair roller type grinding mill to dry rice wine vinasse, makes the material after milling that can be sieved by 75 mesh.
2)From step(1)400 milliliters of distilled water and 2.0 milliliters are added in distiller's dried grain after 200 grams of grindings of middle acquisition Protease, shaking bath culture 1.5 hours, temperature are 60 degrees Celsius.
3)Separation of solid and liquid is carried out to vinasse after reaction using supercentrifuge(9000 rpms, 8 minutes), so as to detach Water-solubility protein and non-soluble fiber solid.
4)Isolated fibre solid is transferred in high-temperature high-voltage reaction device, 400 milliliters is added in and contains 40% edible ethanol Aqueous solution, be heated to 190 degrees Celsius, in reactor air pressure increase to 1.2 megapascal (MPa)s, maintain this temperature and pressure 25 minutes.
5)Using supercentrifuge to step(4)Mixed liquor after reaction carries out separation of solid and liquid, obtain cellulose solids and Centrifugate rich in lignin and hemicellulose.
6)Cellulose solids are bleached and purified using 1% acetic acid and 0.5% hydrogen peroxide, obtain high-purity fiber Element;
7)500 milliliters of cooling waters are added in filtrate, are acutely rocked 10 minutes, then by precipitating the solid phase components for centrifuging and obtaining i.e. For high-purity lignin.
8)Remaining liquid phase component is transferred to vacuum distillation plant, and ethyl alcohol is recovered by distillation, and obtained ethyl alcohol can follow Ring is used for step 4).
9)Continue evaporation residual moisture and obtain high-purity hemicellulose.
10)The cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin separated are weighed and Principle components analysis, and calculated point From efficiency.
By this experiment, it is found that 200 grams of distiller's dried grains can produce 42.5 grams of celluloses, 35.8 grams of hemicelluloses and 21.4 Gram lignin.According to constituent analysis, the purity for finding cellulose is 91%, and the purity of hemicellulose is 82%, the purity of lignin It is 80%.
Present invention full utilization physical chemistry and biological method are by cellulose, the hemicellulose and wooden in vinasse fiber Element carries out separation and purifying gradually so that the nutritive value and market value of vinasse fiber are fully demonstrated;It uses simultaneously The green non-poisonous organic solvent of food-grade avoids and vinasse is carried out due to the use of high concentration alkali solution as core separation agent Processing makes vinasse solution colour black and generates other byproducts of reaction;Vinasse are not carried out again in the entire technical process of this method Secondary biofermentation.High purity cellulose, hemicellulose and the lignin separated can be used as high value functionality diet Fibrous raw material is added in varieties of food items.The present invention includes any these method for separating and processing that are used in combination and produces vinasse high-purity Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin.
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, not making limitation in any form to the present invention, appoint Without departing from technical solution of the present invention content, technical spirit according to the present invention any is simply repaiied to what above example was made for what Change, equivalent variations and modification, in the range of still falling within technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (6)

  1. A kind of 1. method with vinasse production high purity cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, it is characterised in that:Their production Step includes:
    1)Drying is milled:Moisture is in the former wine grain drying of 40-90% and is milled so that the moisture of vinasse is down to 5- 30%, grain size is between 65-300 mesh;
    2)Albumen removes:Albumen removal is carried out to vinasse using biological enzyme;The biological enzyme is protease or protease with accounting for The mixed enzyme of the cellulase of protease content 1%-5%;
    3)Organic solvent high temperature high pressure process:It adds in food-grade aqueous solutions of organic solvent and carries out high temperature high pressure process;Then again into Row separation of solid and liquid, so as to obtain solid cellulose and liquid component;The food-grade aqueous solutions of organic solvent is eaten containing 30%-60% The mixing of the aqueous solution of grade ethyl alcohol or the level ethyl acetate of food containing 0.1%-5% and 40%-60% food-grade ethanols is water-soluble Liquid;
    4)Filtrate is precipitated:It is mixed using cooling water with filtrate, staticly settles to obtain lignin;
    5)Organic solvent and moisture evaporation:Remaining liq is sent to vacuum distillation plant and carries out organic solvent recycling and moisture steaming Hair, so as to obtain high-purity hemicellulose.
  2. 2. the method according to claim 1 with vinasse production high purity cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, feature It is:Step 1)The drying mode used is roller drying, expansion drying, oven drying, freeze-drying and traditional nature It is dry.
  3. 3. the method according to claim 1 with vinasse production high purity cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, feature It is:Step 1)Milling for hammer is milled, disc type is milled, two pairs of rollers are milled, pin mills and ball milling.
  4. 4. the method according to claim 1 with vinasse production high purity cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, feature It is:Step 3)The temperature of processing is between 120-250 degrees Celsius, and the air pressure of processing is between 450-4000 kPas.
  5. 5. the method according to claim 1 with vinasse production high purity cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, feature It is:Step 3)Solid-liquid separation process uses filter cloth or membrane filtration pattern using high speed centrifugation mode.
  6. 6. the method according to claim 1 with vinasse production high purity cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, feature It is:The step 3)Cellulose solids are bleached and purified using 1% acetic acid and 0.5% hydrogen peroxide later.
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CN111254698A (en) * 2020-02-25 2020-06-09 山东科技大学 Process for preparing superfine functional fiber from vinasse
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CN111254698A (en) * 2020-02-25 2020-06-09 山东科技大学 Process for preparing superfine functional fiber from vinasse
CN111254698B (en) * 2020-02-25 2020-10-09 山东科技大学 Process for preparing superfine functional fiber from vinasse
WO2021051780A1 (en) * 2020-02-25 2021-03-25 山东科技大学 Process for preparing superfine functionalized fiber by using distillers grains
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