CN108148647A - 一种生物质颗粒燃料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种生物质颗粒燃料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108148647A
CN108148647A CN201810125806.1A CN201810125806A CN108148647A CN 108148647 A CN108148647 A CN 108148647A CN 201810125806 A CN201810125806 A CN 201810125806A CN 108148647 A CN108148647 A CN 108148647A
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biomass granule
granule fuel
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邱书鹏
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Heze Ding Cheng Biomass Fuel Co Ltd
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    • C10L2290/14—Injection, e.g. in a reactor or a fuel stream during fuel production
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种生物质颗粒燃料，原料包括：胶黏剂0.1%‑0.5%、锯沫15%‑25%、秸秆65%‑75%、花生壳5%‑15%、添加剂0.1%‑0.5%；同时还提供了给生物质颗粒燃料的制备方法。本发明生物质颗粒燃料以秸秆为主要成分，占65%以上；聚乙烯醇作为胶黏剂，再结合植物胶黏剂淀粉胶或木质素胶，保证该生物质颗粒在运输过程中不破裂，同时因其易燃，与KMnO4一样可作为助燃剂，提高生物质颗粒的燃烧率；硫酸钙在此作为脱钾剂，减少燃烧中KCl的形成导致燃烧的不均匀；原料来源广泛，制得的生物质颗粒燃料燃烧率高，使用安全，可持续使用，底灰结渣率低，燃烧污染小。

Description

一种生物质颗粒燃料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及新能源燃料技术领域，尤其涉及到一种生物质颗粒燃料及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前，生物质能是仅次于煤炭、石油和天然气而居于世界能源消费总量第四位的能源。生物质能是重要的可再生能源资源，具有资源种类多、分布广的特点，在当今能源日趋紧张的情况下，越来越引起人们的关注。生物质中硫含量和灰分含量较低，利用过程中对环境污染小，不会增加自然界碳的循环总量，对于未来的能源战略具有深远意义。我国拥有丰富的生物质能资源，在可收集的条件下，中国目前可利用的生物质能资源主要是传统生物质，包括农作物秸秆、薪柴、禽畜粪便、生活垃圾、工业有机废渣与废水等。
目前国内生物质成型燃料主要用于发电厂和工业锅炉的燃料等，仍处于市场发展初期，能实现规模化生产的企业不多。大部分企业的生产规模较小，企业生产工艺不稳定、生产设备的技术不成熟，故障率比较高，对下游生物质成型燃料应用市场的开拓工作较为滞后；从现有技术所公开的内容来看，单一使用木素作粘结剂的效果并不佳，在运输的过程中颗粒燃料容易碎裂；直接燃烧所耗用的生物质能源主要是农作物秸秆和薪柴。该方法燃料利用效率低，为5%～15%,使得生物质燃料被认为是“贫穷燃料”，节能炉灶的推广将效率提高到了25%～30%，但是利用率仍然不高。
发明内容
本发明针对现有生物质颗粒燃料利用率低、易破裂、生产工艺不稳定，提出一种生物质颗粒燃料及其制备方法，所生产出的生物质颗粒燃料，燃烧值高，粘结度好，储存运输方便，颗粒不易碎裂，生产工艺简单稳定，燃烧污染小，利于生态环境的建设。
一种生物质颗粒燃料，由以下质量份数原料组成：
胶黏剂0.1%-0.5%、锯沫15%-25%、秸秆65%-75%、花生壳5%-15%、添加剂0.1%-0.5%；
所述胶黏剂为质量比(3-6):1的淀粉胶或木质素胶与聚乙烯醇的混合物；
所述添加剂为质量比1:(1-4)的KMnO4与硫酸钙的混合物。
优选地，一种生物质颗粒燃料，由以下质量份数原料组成：胶黏剂0.3%、锯沫20%、秸秆69.5%、花生壳10%、添加剂0.2%。
一种上述生物质颗粒燃料的制备方法：
（1）将原料用粉碎机进一步粉碎成0.5mm以下粉料，加入胶黏剂及添加剂，用混料机进行混合均匀，控制含水率为10%～15%；
（2）将步骤（1）的物料经水蒸汽软化，传送到造粒机内挤压造粒，压制成直径为3-6mm、长度为12-24mm 的颗粒，控制含水率为10%～15%；
（3）将生物质颗粒燃料输送到冷却器内冷却、筛选、包装。
本发明的有益效果：
1、本发明生物质颗粒燃料以秸秆为主要成分，占65%以上，添加适量胶黏剂及添加剂，清洁环保，充分利用能源，使得废弃的生物质燃料得到充分利用；
2、聚乙烯醇作为胶黏剂，再结合植物胶黏剂淀粉胶或木质素胶，保证该生物质颗粒在运输过程中不破裂，同时因其易燃，与KMnO4一样可作为助燃剂，提高生物质颗粒的燃烧率；硫酸钙在此作为脱钾剂，减少燃烧中KCl的形成导致燃烧的不均匀；
3、KMnO4在加热的条件下，发生分解反应，生产O2，弥补燃烧过程中O2缺失，进而提高生物质颗粒的燃烧率；
4、本发明原料来源广泛，生产工艺简单，易于控制操作，制得的生物质颗粒燃料燃烧率高，使用安全，可持续使用，底灰结渣率低，燃烧污染小。
具体实施方法
实施例1
一种生物质颗粒燃料，由以下质量份数原料组成：
胶黏剂0.1%、锯沫25%、秸秆65%、花生壳9.8%、添加剂0.1%；
所述胶黏剂为质量比6:1的淀粉胶或木质素胶与聚乙烯醇的混合物；
所述添加剂为质量比1:1的KMnO4与硫酸钙的混合物。
一种上述生物质颗粒燃料的制备方法：
（1）将原料用粉碎机进一步粉碎成0.5mm以下粉料，加入胶黏剂及添加剂，用混料机进行混合均匀，控制含水率为10%；
（2）将步骤（1）的物料经水蒸汽软化，传送到造粒机内挤压造粒，压制成直径为3mm、长度为12mm 的颗粒，控制含水率为10%；
（3）将生物质颗粒燃料输送到冷却器内冷却、筛选、包装。
实施例2
一种生物质颗粒燃料，由以下质量份数原料组成：
胶黏剂0.5%、锯沫19%、秸秆75%、花生壳5%、添加剂0.5%；
所述胶黏剂为质量比3:1的淀粉胶或木质素胶与聚乙烯醇的混合物；
所述添加剂为质量比1: 4的KMnO4与硫酸钙的混合物。
一种上述生物质颗粒燃料的制备方法：
（1）将原料用粉碎机进一步粉碎成0.5mm以下粉料，加入胶黏剂及添加剂，用混料机进行混合均匀，控制含水率为15%；
（2）将步骤（1）的物料经水蒸汽软化，传送到造粒机内挤压造粒，压制成直径为6mm、长度为24mm 的颗粒，控制含水率为15%；
（3）将生物质颗粒燃料输送到冷却器内冷却、筛选、包装。
实施例3
一种生物质颗粒燃料，由以下质量份数原料组成：胶黏剂0.3%、锯沫20%、秸秆69.5%、花生壳10%、添加剂0.2%；
所述胶黏剂为质量比4:1的淀粉胶或木质素胶与聚乙烯醇的混合物；
所述添加剂为质量比1: 2的KMnO4与硫酸钙的混合物。
一种上述生物质颗粒燃料的制备方法：
（1）将原料用粉碎机进一步粉碎成0.5mm以下粉料，加入胶黏剂及添加剂，用混料机进行混合均匀，控制含水率为12%；
（2）将步骤（1）的物料经水蒸汽软化，传送到造粒机内挤压造粒，压制成直径为5mm、长度为20mm 的颗粒，控制含水率为11%；
（3）将生物质颗粒燃料输送到冷却器内冷却、筛选、包装。
表1是一个生物质秸秆颗粒燃料的规格参数、性能指标及与实施例相比较结果
表1：生物质秸秆颗粒燃料的规格参数、性能指标及与实施例相比较结果

Claims (3)

1.一种生物质颗粒燃料，其特征在于，由以下质量份数原料组成：
胶黏剂0.1%-0.5%、锯沫15%-25%、秸秆65%-75%、花生壳5%-15%、添加剂0.1%-0.5%；
所述胶黏剂为质量比(3-6):1的淀粉胶或木质素胶与聚乙烯醇的混合物；
所述添加剂为质量比1:(1-4)的KMnO4与硫酸钙的混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种生物质颗粒燃料，其特征在于，由以下质量份数原料组成：胶黏剂0.3%、锯沫20%、秸秆69.5%、花生壳10%、添加剂0.2%。
3.一种权利要求1所述的生物质颗粒燃料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
（1）将原料用粉碎机进一步粉碎成0.5mm以下粉料，加入胶黏剂及添加剂，用混料机进行混合均匀，控制含水率为10%～15%；
（2）将步骤（1）的物料经水蒸汽软化，传送到造粒机内挤压造粒，压制成直径为3-6mm、长度为12-24mm 的颗粒，控制含水率为10%～15%；
（3）将生物质颗粒燃料输送到冷却器内冷却、筛选、包装。
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