CN108142428A - 含唑啉草酯和呋草酮的除草组合物 - Google Patents

含唑啉草酯和呋草酮的除草组合物 Download PDF

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CN108142428A
CN108142428A CN201711406102.3A CN201711406102A CN108142428A CN 108142428 A CN108142428 A CN 108142428A CN 201711406102 A CN201711406102 A CN 201711406102A CN 108142428 A CN108142428 A CN 108142428A
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flurtamone
pinoxaden
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Beijing Agricultural Science And Technology Center
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种含唑啉草酯和呋草酮的协同除草组合物，其特征在于包括活性成分A和B，其中，A为唑啉草酯和呋草酮，B为唑草酮、氯氟吡氧乙酸及其衍生物、炔草酯、双氟磺草胺、唑嘧磺草胺、氟唑磺隆、甲基碘磺隆钠盐、吡氟酰草胺、异丙隆、苯磺隆、氟噻草胺、麦草畏、精噁唑禾草灵、2,4‑滴及其衍生物、2甲4氯及其衍生物、甲基二磺隆、苯嘧磺草胺、磺酰草吡唑中的一种或一种以上组合，还包括农药制剂加工中可以使用的助剂，制成常规的农药制剂，并应用于防治不需要的植物。

Description

含唑啉草酯和呋草酮的除草组合物
技术领域
本发明属于农药应用技术领域，涉及一种农药组合物，具体的说是一种含唑啉草酯和呋草酮的除草组合物，应用于防除不需要的植物。
背景技术
在农业生产过程中，不需要的植物(杂草)发生严重，危害作物、林木等目标作物生长，以及影响不期望植被地块(如非耕地、铁路、公路、森林防火道、工业场地、场院等)的正常使用。除草剂是防除不需要植物的最为经济、快捷而有效的方法。
单一除草剂使用容易产生抗药性或防治谱有限，并不能很好地解决生产实际中不需要植物的危害。混配除草剂具有可扩大防治谱、增强防效，延缓杂草抗药性等优势，在生产实践中成为最受欢迎的应用形式。尤其是具有协同作用的除草剂，除草剂各有效组分间相互作用，使组合时效果优于单独使用效果的理论总和，因而在实际使用时可起到事半功倍的效果，更受使用者欢迎。
唑啉草酯(pinoxaden)是一种国外企业开发的选择性除草剂，属脂肪酸合成抑制剂，主要用于防除小麦、大麦、草坪等作物田中的禾本科杂草。CAS登录号为243973-20-8。其结构式如下：
呋草酮(flurtamone)也是国外企业开发的一种新型除草剂，主要用于防除小麦、大麦、花生、棉花等多种作物田中的阔叶杂草及部分禾本科杂草。
唑草酮(carfentrazone-ethyl)、氯氟吡氧乙酸(fluroxypyr)及其衍生物(包括但不限于异辛酯、丁氧基甲基乙酯等衍生物)、炔草酯(clodinafop-propargyl)、双氟磺草胺(florasulam)、唑嘧磺草胺(flumetsulam)、氟唑磺隆(flucarbazone-sodium)、甲基碘磺隆钠盐(iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium)、吡氟酰草胺(diflufenican)、异丙隆(isoproturon)、苯磺隆(tribenuron-methyl)、氟噻草胺(flufenacet)、麦草畏(dicamba)、精噁唑禾草灵(fenoxaprop-P-ethyl)、2,4-滴(2,4-D)及其衍生物(包括但不限于钠盐、二甲胺盐、异辛酯、丁酯等衍生物)、2甲4氯(MCPA)及其衍生物(包括但不限于钠盐、钾盐、二甲胺盐、异辛酯、乙基己酯、丁酯等衍生物)、甲基二磺隆(mesosulfuron-methyl)、苯嘧磺草胺(saflufenacil)、磺酰草吡唑(pyrasulfotole)同样是国外企业开发的多种广谱性除草剂，对多种作物杂草具有良好防效。上述未指明衍生物的化合物如果适当，也可包括农业上使用的各种存在形式，如盐、酯等衍生物。
本发明经过大量的配方筛选试验研究发现，当唑啉草酯和呋草酮组合物与唑草酮、氯氟吡氧乙酸及其衍生物、炔草酯、双氟磺草胺、唑嘧磺草胺、氟唑磺隆、甲基碘磺隆钠盐、吡氟酰草胺、异丙隆、苯磺隆、氟噻草胺、麦草畏、精噁唑禾草灵、2,4-滴及其衍生物、2甲4氯及其衍生物、甲基二磺隆、苯嘧磺草胺、磺酰草吡唑中的一种或一种以上药剂任意组合时，显示出令人惊讶的除草效果，即表现出良好的协同作用，实际除草效果明显优于单独使用的理论总和，在生产上具有非常广泛的应用前景。
发明内容
本发明涉及协同除草组合物，包括活性成分A和B，所述的活性成分A为唑啉草酯和呋草酮，所述的活性成分B为唑草酮、氯氟吡氧乙酸及其衍生物、炔草酯、双氟磺草胺、唑嘧磺草胺、氟唑磺隆、甲基碘磺隆钠盐、吡氟酰草胺、异丙隆、苯磺隆、氟噻草胺、麦草畏、精噁唑禾草灵、2,4-滴及其衍生物、2甲4氯及其衍生物、甲基二磺隆、苯嘧磺草胺、磺酰草吡唑中的一种或一种以上组合。此外，还包括农药制剂加工中可以使用的助剂。
所述组合物可以特别良好的效果用于防治各种有用作物中的杂草，所述有用作物包括但不限于常规育种作物、转基因作物、无性繁殖作物及无性繁殖材料、驯化栽培的野生植物等，特别适用于防除小麦、大麦、草坪、玉米、棉花、花生、大豆、马铃薯、果树、林地等作物田中的杂草，或用于非耕地、铁路、公路、森林防火道、工业场地、场院等不期望植被生长地块中的杂草。
可提及的具体实例为一些可用本发明的组合物防治的代表性禾本科杂草、阔叶杂草和莎草，所述实例并不限于特定属种。需要说明的是本发明并不局限于以下具体实例，还可以以相同方式延伸到其它不需要的植物：
包括但不限于以下各属或科的阔叶杂草：繁缕属、大戟属、猪殃殃属、播娘蒿属、荠属、鳢肠属、紫草属、蝇子草属、苘麻属、苋属、马齿苋属、铁苋菜属、藜属、豆科、蓼属、堇菜属、苍耳属、婆婆纳属、萹蓄属、地肤属、鹅肠菜属、千里光属、茄属、泥胡菜属、蚤缀属、牵牛属、芸薹属、荨麻属、锦葵属、车前属、胡枝子属、豚草属、鬼针草属、飞蓬属、小蓬属、苦苣菜属、漆姑草属、曼陀罗属、粟米草属、牛膝菊属、墨苜蓿属、旋花属、木槿属、鼬瓣花属、黄花稔属、蓟属、蒲公英属、酸模属、拉拉藤属、牛蒡属、毛莨属、骆驼刺属、母菊属、委陵菜属、车轴草属、巴豆属、滨菊属、白酒草属、柳叶菜属、山柳菊属、野芝麻属、矢车菊属、斑鸠菊属、顶羽菊属、虎杖属、蒿属、商陆属、苎麻属、紫藤属、葎草属、何首乌属、木贼属、鸭跖草属、香薷属、刺桐属；以下各属的禾本科杂草：毒麦属、雀麦属、野黍属、看麦娘属、黑麦草属、梯牧草属、棒头草属、菵草属、硬草属、碱茅属、虉草属、燕麦属、稗属、马唐属、狗尾草属、早熟禾属、黍属、蟋蟀草属、白茅属、臂形草属、虎尾草属、蒺藜草属、狗牙根属、高粱属、穇属、芦苇属、龙爪茅属、雀稗属、剪股颖属、千金子属、偃麦草属、画眉草属、山羊草属；以下各属的莎草科杂草：莎草属。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采用如下技术方案予以实现：
本发明组合物组分A中的药剂之间，A和B之间可以任意比例混配，通常一种活性成分含量高于其余活性成分，优选混合比是100：1至1：100或50：1至1：50。
本发明组合物可通过将活性成分与农药制剂加工中可以使用的助剂混合，用已知方法制备为常规的制剂，如乳油、可湿性粉剂、水分散粒剂、悬浮剂、水乳剂、微乳剂、颗粒剂、可分散油悬浮剂、微囊悬浮剂、悬乳剂、可溶粉剂、可溶粒剂等。制剂中一般含有0.1～95％重量的活性成分，优选0.5～90％重量的活性成分。
农药制剂加工中可以使用的助剂包括但不限于：水、溶剂、填料、各种表面活性剂(乳化剂、分散剂、润湿剂等)、黏结剂、成膜剂、着色剂、防冻剂、增稠剂、助悬剂、崩解剂、消泡剂、渗透剂、增效剂、稳定剂、壁囊材料、pH调节剂、防腐剂等。并且，适当地，为了提高对特定作物耐受力，可适当添加安全剂；或者有时为了促进作物生长发育，可在混配组合物中添加常规农业肥料，制成药肥混剂。这些助剂都是农药制剂中常用或允许使用的成分，并无特别限定，可选择一种或一种以上助剂构成，具体成分和用量根据配方要求通过简单的试验确定。
所述组合物各种应用剂型的生产工艺均属现有已知技术，在此不再赘述。
本发明组合物可以多种方法使用，如兑水以常规方式喷雾使用，或直接撒施或沟施，或拌毒土撒施等，于杂草出苗前或出苗后早期均可使用。用药量可在较宽范围内变化，并且取决于土壤的状况、使用方法、作物、待防除的杂草种类及苗龄大小、当时的气候条件及其他因素。本发明组合物通常以0.001～1.5kg活性成分混合物/公顷的用量施用，更为优选地，以0.01～0.6kg活性成分混合物/公顷的用量施用。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有如下技术效果：
1、混配组合物具有良好的协同作用，应用效果明显优于单剂理论效果总和，即具有超叠加作用，可更好地控制优势杂草发生危害；
2、混配组合物活性成分之间在杂草防治谱上具有良好的互补性，可很好扩大防治谱，综合有效控制各种杂草发生危害；
3、混配组合物具有良好的协同作用，可减少药剂使用量，降低使用成本和环境污染，提高对作物的安全性。
具体实施方式
以下给出本发明的具体实施例，需要说明的是本发明并不局限于以下具体实施例，凡在本申请技术方案基础上做的等同变换均落入本发明的保护范围。
实施例1：60％乳油
配方组成为：活性成分A为54％，活性成分B为6％，乳化剂三苯乙烯基酚聚氧乙烯醚4％，乳化剂山梨糖醇酐酯4％，溶剂二甲苯补足至100％。
制备方法为：将所有物料投入配料釜中，搅拌溶解至完全透明，化验合格后，转移至储罐灌装。
实施例2：42％悬浮剂
配方组成为：活性成分A为7％，活性成分B为35％，润湿剂烷基丁二酸酯磺酸盐5％，分散剂木质素磺酸钠3％，防冻剂丙二醇5％，增稠剂黄原胶0.3％，水补足至100％。
制备方法为：将活性成分和润湿剂、分散剂、防冻剂和水投入搅拌釜中，充分搅拌后，将物料抽入砂磨机中进行充分研磨，研磨完成后，抽入高速剪切机中，加入增稠剂后，进行高速剪切，剪切完成后即制得悬浮剂。
实施例3：80％水分散粒剂
配方组成为：活性成分A为70％，活性成分B为10％，润湿剂十二烷基苯磺酸钙6％，分散剂聚羧酸盐4％，崩解剂硫酸钠5％，黏结剂聚乙烯醇0.5％，填料凹凸棒土补足至100％。
制备方法为：将所有物料混合均匀后，经气流粉碎机粉碎，再次混合均匀，然后，加入一定量的水将此混合物捏合，挤压造粒，经干燥筛分，即得到水分散粒剂。
实施例4：12％水乳剂
配方组成为：活性成分A为3％，活性成分B为9％，溶剂二甲苯9％，溶剂环己酮4％，乳化剂烷基苯磺酸盐3％，乳化剂烷基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚5％，防冻剂乙二醇4％，水补足至100％。
制备方法为：将活性成分A和B用溶剂充分溶解后，投入乳化剂充分搅拌后形成油相；将防冻剂加入水中溶解，形成水相；将水相缓慢加入油相中，使用高速剪切机剪切，即可得水乳剂。
实施例5：15％微乳剂
配方组成为：活性成分A为12％，活性成分B为3％，溶剂二甲苯10％，溶剂Solvesso1505％，乳化剂聚氧乙烯失水山梨醇脂肪酸酮8％，乳化剂烷芳基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯6％，防冻剂丙三醇5％，水补足至100％。
制备方法为：将活性成分A和B用溶剂充分溶解后，投入乳化剂和防冻剂混合均匀，最后加入去离子水，进行高速剪切，即可得微乳剂。
实施例6：70％可湿性粉剂
配方组成为：活性成分A为7％，活性成分B为63％，润湿剂十二烷基硫酸钠4％，分散剂烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚甲醛缩合物磺酸盐6％，填料硅藻土补足至100％。
制备方法为：将活性成分和各助剂混合均匀，投入机械粉粹机中进行初粉粹，之后经气流粉碎机粉碎，再混合均匀，即制得可湿性粉剂。
实施例7：6％颗粒剂
配方组成为：活性成分A为3％，活性成分B为3％，润湿剂月桂醇硫酸钠0.8％，分散剂萘磺酸钠甲醛缩合物0.7％，着色剂碱性绿(孔雀绿)0.2％，填料膨润土补足至100％。
制备方法为：将所有物料混合均匀后，加入一定量的水将此混合物捏合，挤压造粒，经干燥筛分，即得到颗粒剂。
实施例8：35％可分散油悬浮剂
配方组成为：活性成分A为7％，活性成分B为28％，乳化剂蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚6％，乳化剂磺化琥珀酸二辛酯钠盐7％，分散剂三苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯3％，增稠剂白炭黑1.5％，分散介质菜籽油补足至100％。
制备方法为：将活性成分和乳化剂、分散剂和分散介质投入搅拌釜中，充分搅拌后，抽入高速剪切机中，进行高速剪切，再泵至砂磨机中进行充分砂磨，砂磨合格后加入增稠剂，搅拌均匀即得可分散油悬浮剂。
实施例9：24％微囊悬浮剂
配方组成为：活性成分A为18％，活性成分B为6％，溶剂二甲苯10％，溶剂Solvesso1006％，油性囊皮甲苯二异氰酸酯5％，水性囊皮丙二胺4％，乳化剂苯乙烯基苯酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚7％，分散剂苯乙烯马来酸酐共聚物6％，增稠剂硅酸镁铝0.2％，分散介质水补足至100％。
制备方法为：将活性成分A和B用溶剂充分溶解后，加入油性囊皮，充分搅拌形成油相；将其倒入混有乳化剂和分散剂的水相中，进行高速剪切，然后加入水性囊皮，搅拌均匀，随后升温至70℃保温固化2小时，制成微胶囊，最后加入增稠剂，搅拌均匀即得微囊悬浮剂。
实施例10：48％悬乳剂
配方组成为：活性成分A为40％，活性成分B为8％，溶剂二甲苯10％，乳化剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚6％，润湿剂烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚甲醛缩合物硫酸盐4％，分散剂EO-PO嵌段聚醚5％，防冻剂丙三醇5％，增稠剂黄原胶0.3％，水补足至100％。
制备方法为：将活性成分A、润湿剂、分散剂、防冻剂和水投入搅拌釜中，充分搅拌后，将物料抽入砂磨机中进行充分研磨，制成悬浮剂；将活性成分B用溶剂充分溶解后与乳化剂混合均匀，然后将其在高速剪切条件下加入到已制成的悬浮剂中，加入增稠剂，进行高速剪切，剪切完成后即制得悬乳剂。
实施例11：56％可溶粉剂
配方组成为：活性成分A为7％，活性成分B为49％，润湿剂拉开粉5％，分散剂亚甲基双萘磺酸钠4％，填料高岭土补足至100％。
制备方法为：将所有物料混合均匀，投入气流粉碎机粉碎，混合均匀即制得可溶粉剂。
应用效果实例：
1、试验方法
参照《NY/T 1155.4-2006农药室内生物测定试验准则除草剂第4部分：活性测定试验茎叶喷雾法》进行。
试验设在温室条件下进行。选取禾本科杂草、阔叶杂草及莎草科杂草中的几种代表性杂草菵草、节节麦、藜、香附子、马唐、大巢菜、硬草、反枝苋、稗草、野燕麦、麦家公、播娘蒿、苣荬菜、猪殃殃为供试杂草。香附子和苣荬菜为多年生杂草，从田间挖取地下根茎繁殖；其余几种杂草为一年生杂草，从田间采集杂草种子繁殖。
将供试土壤定量装至盆钵的4/5处，采用盆钵底部渗灌方式，使土壤完全湿润至饱和状态。选取饱满、均匀、无机械损伤的菵草、节节麦、藜、马唐、大巢菜、硬草、反枝苋、稗草、野燕麦、麦家公、播娘蒿或猪殃殃种子，将其均匀撒播于直径为30cm的圆形塑料营养钵表面，每盆播30～40粒，覆土1.0cm。香附子或苣荬菜从田间挖取地下根茎(3cm等长根茎)，每盆种植10段。播种后以盆钵底部渗灌方式补水，使土壤完全湿润至饱和状态。长至2～3叶期时，每盆定苗30株。待杂草长至3～4叶期时，用手压式微型喷雾器喷施药液，喷液量为每处理60mL，药后保持土壤湿润。每处理设置4次重复，设不含药剂的处理作空白对照。处理后待药液自然风干后，移入温室内常规培养观察。
药剂处理后21d，采用绝对值(数测)调查法调查记录除草活性，称取各处理杂草地上部分鲜重，计算实际防效，并根据Colby法评价协同作用。参见COLBY，S.R.：“计算除草剂组合的协同和拮抗反应”，Weeds 15，p.20～22,1967：
根据调查数据，按公式(1)计算各处理的实际防效，单位为百分率(％)，计算结果保留小数点后两位。
式中：
E—实际防效；
C—对照杂草地上部分鲜重；
T—处理杂草地上部分鲜重。
Colby法：混配药剂的理论防效(预期防效)E0(2)式计算：
式中：
X—除草剂1用量为P时的实际防效；
Y—除草剂2用量为Q时的实际防效；
Z—除草剂3用量为R时的实际防效；
E0—除草剂1用量为P+除草剂2用量为Q+除草剂3用量为R时的理论防效，即混配除草剂的预期防效；
E—除草剂1、2和3按不同配比混配时的实际防效；
当E＞E0时，即如果混配药剂的实际防效超过所计算的理论防效(预期防效)，则该组合就具有超叠加作用，即协同作用。
2、试验结果
试验结果详见表1～14，可见，活性成分A(唑啉草酯和呋草酮)与选自活性成分B(吡氟酰草胺、甲基二磺隆、甲基碘磺隆钠盐、2甲4氯、氟唑磺隆、炔草酯、2,4-滴、氟噻草胺、苯嘧磺草胺、唑草酮、精噁唑禾草灵、双氟磺草胺、唑嘧磺草胺等)的药剂混配后，实际防效均大于理论防效(预期防效)，说明活性成分A与活性成分B中的药剂混配具有协同作用。
表1唑啉草酯、呋草酮与吡氟酰草胺混配对菵草的联合作用效应
表2唑啉草酯、呋草酮与甲基二磺隆混配对节节麦的联合作用效应
表3唑啉草酯、呋草酮与甲基碘磺隆钠盐混配对藜的联合作用效应
表4唑啉草酯、呋草酮与2甲4氯混配对香附子的联合作用效应
表5唑啉草酯、呋草酮与氯氟吡氧乙酸异辛酯混配对马唐的联合作用效应
表6唑啉草酯、呋草酮与氟唑磺隆混配对大巢菜的联合作用效应
表7唑啉草酯、呋草酮与炔草酯混配对硬草的联合作用效应
表8唑啉草酯、呋草酮与2,4-滴混配对反枝苋的联合作用效应
表9唑啉草酯、呋草酮与氟噻草胺混配对稗草的联合作用效应
表10唑啉草酯、呋草酮与苯嘧磺草胺混配对野燕麦的联合作用效应
表11唑啉草酯、呋草酮与唑草酮混配对麦家公的联合作用效应
表12唑啉草酯、呋草酮与精噁唑禾草灵混配对播娘蒿的联合作用效应
表13唑啉草酯、呋草酮与双氟磺草胺混配对苣荬菜的联合作用效应
表14唑啉草酯、呋草酮与唑嘧磺草胺混配对猪殃殃的联合作用效应

Claims (5)

1.一种除草剂组合物，其特征在于，包括活性成分A和B。
2.如权利要求1所述的除草剂组合物，其特征在于，所述的活性成分A为唑啉草酯和呋草酮。
3.如权利要求1所述的除草剂组合物，其特征在于，所述的活性成分B为唑草酮、氯氟吡氧乙酸及其衍生物、炔草酯、双氟磺草胺、唑嘧磺草胺、氟唑磺隆、甲基碘磺隆钠盐、吡氟酰草胺、异丙隆、苯磺隆、氟噻草胺、麦草畏、精噁唑禾草灵、2,4-滴及其衍生物、2甲4氯及其衍生物、甲基二磺隆、苯嘧磺草胺、磺酰草吡唑中的一种或一种以上组合。
4.如权利要求1、2或3所述的除草剂组合物，其特征在于，除了活性成分A和B外，还包括农药制剂加工中可以使用的助剂。
5.如权利要求1、2、3或4所述的除草剂组合物，其特征在于，将其应用于防治不需要的植物。
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CN101677540A (zh) * 2007-06-12 2010-03-24 巴斯夫欧洲公司 除草有效组合物
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