CN108133053A - A kind of method of CityGML based on RDF frames and IFC class formation Semantic mapping ontologies - Google Patents
A kind of method of CityGML based on RDF frames and IFC class formation Semantic mapping ontologies Download PDFInfo
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- CN108133053A CN108133053A CN201810055619.0A CN201810055619A CN108133053A CN 108133053 A CN108133053 A CN 108133053A CN 201810055619 A CN201810055619 A CN 201810055619A CN 108133053 A CN108133053 A CN 108133053A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/80—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of semi-structured data, e.g. markup language structured data such as SGML, XML or HTML
- G06F16/84—Mapping; Conversion
- G06F16/86—Mapping to a database
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/80—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of semi-structured data, e.g. markup language structured data such as SGML, XML or HTML
- G06F16/84—Mapping; Conversion
- G06F16/88—Mark-up to mark-up conversion
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
- G06F30/13—Architectural design, e.g. computer-aided architectural design [CAAD] related to design of buildings, bridges, landscapes, production plants or roads
Abstract
A kind of method that the present invention proposes CityGML based on RDF frames and IFC class formation Semantic mapping ontologies, includes the following steps：BIM models are created, and are converted to IFC reference formats；Based on RDF, the mapping flow of CityGML and IFC is created；Based on RDF, the mapping ruler of CityGML and IFC are established；Ontology is mapped according to RDF, the information of IFC data standards and CityGML data standards are subjected to Unify legislation, realize semantic mapping；It is mapped by the CityGML based on RDF frames and IFC class formation Semantic mappings bulk process, forms corresponding CityGML data standards model.The present invention utilizes the resource description framework RDF description resource rules defined and vocabulary, CityGML standards and IFC standards are subjected to Unify legislation, by establishing ontology, with reference to the integrated of semantic network mapping mode two FIELD Data standards of realization, so as to fulfill BIM technology and GIS technology from interoperability semantically, industrial application of information technology ability is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to RDF frame fields, and more particularly to a kind of CityGML based on RDF frames and IFC class formation languages
The method that ontology is penetrated in benefit film showing.
Background technology
IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) industrial foundation grouped data standard is by international organization
BuildingSMART be BIM application propose a kind of open data standard, to realize building in information expression, share and
Using, be for building industry formulate computer disposal building products data expression and exchange standard.By will be different soft
The BIM model conversions that part creates are unified IFC reference formats, can realize the operation to multiclass form model.IFC data lattice
Formula has four layer architectures in total：IFC model architectures are made of four levels, are resource layer successively from top to bottom
(Resource Layer), core layer (Core Layer), alternation of bed (Interoperability Layer), field layer
(Domain Layer) all includes a series of information describing module in every layer.
CityGML is a kind of open data model, it based on XML come realize the data of virtual three-dimensional city model storage with
It exchanges, to express the generic data model of three-dimensional city template.It defines most common earth's surface target in city and region
Type and correlation, and account for the attribute of the geometry of target, topology, semanteme, appearance etc., including thematic type it
Between level, polymerization, the relationship between target and space attribute etc..The level of detail of information is divided in CityGML, is claimed
For Levels of Detail, abbreviation LODs.Data visualization is collected from data, then to data analysis, CityGML supports 5
The level of detail (LoDs) of a Datong District.Level of detail (LODs) changes with different required precisions, not only increases three-dimensional
The visual efficiency of city model, the also use of more square data analysis.CityGML provides 5 different level of detail (LODs).
LOD0 is most rough layer, is substantially the digital terrain model (DTM) of one 2.5 dimension, aerophotograph and map can be affixed directly to
This layer.LOD1 is the relatively conventional block model for not containing roof structure and texture.And the building model in LOD2 has
Different top level structures and roof, while also show some vegetation.There are fine roof and wall in buildings model in LOD3
Body structure, also balcony, compartment, hatching effect.High-resolution texture can be affixed on building surface, and finer vegetation
It is included in the model with means of transportation.LOD4 adds internal structure on the basis of LOD3, such as stair, door, indoor family
Tool etc., makes it more complete.It is concentrated in a data, same object can be presented with different level of detail (LODs) simultaneously,
Its analysis result is also different therewith from visualization.In addition, same target includes different level of detail (LODs), even if point
It is not stored in two CityGML data sets, can also merge and integrate.
IFC and CityGML respectively as the general data model standard in BIM and GIS fields, two class data models it is several
What, semantic information share the basis integrated as BIM and GIS.Since IFC and CityGML have used different objects several respectively
What expression way and semanteme, there are to the difference of expression and the understanding of spatial object, data model melts at present in different field
Conjunction is also difficult to realize and obtains the approval of different field, therefore most of related work all concentrates on both designs model data lattice
Conversion method between formula.At abroad, propose will will be in IFC data integrations to CityGML using ADE by Berlo；Nagel is designed
One format converter tools, to realize IFC forms model to the automatic conversion of CityGML form LOD1 models；Isikdag and
Zlatanova proposes the frame of a CityGML model from BIM model automatic conversion differences LOD；And be realize IFC with
The mapping standardized between CityGML, El-Mekawy propose a kind of method of bi-directional conversion.At home, scholar is based on
The BIM models that revit is established, propose the RVT models of semantic constraint to the conversion method of CityGML models；Also scholar's handle is built
It builds three-dimensional model information and is transmitted to CityGML, realize the true three dimensional analysis of space information in three-dimension GIS；Separately there is scholar's base
In IFC and CityGML standards, IFC geometric elements filter method and the Semantic mapping rule of IFC to CityGML are proposed；Enterprise
The software products companies such as aspect, IFCExplorer, BIMServer and Feature Manipu-lation Engine (FME)
It develops the function of the CityGML models of IFC model conversions to a variety of levels.But be all difficult to realize IFC with
The complete map of CityGML.Compared to the conversion of the two data format, also have some both at home and abroad to the two data format side of integrating
The research that face is carried out and the research of the Unified Expression model to BIM and GIS models.At abroad, El-Mekawy et al. is carried
Go out a kind of unified data model for integrating the semantic type in IFC and CityGML；De Laat et al. describe one kind
IFC semantic informations greatly can be integrated into GIS frames by the state of development of the extension standards GeoBIM of CityGML, GeoBIM
In frame.But the form that these researchs could not be obtained always on IFC and CityGML is integrated, currently also not yet obtain BIM technology and
GIS technology is from interoperability semantically, so as to which two big technologies are not able to realize efficient integrated utilization.
Invention content
A kind of method that the present invention proposes CityGML based on RDF frames and IFC class formation Semantic mapping ontologies utilizes
The description resource rule and vocabulary that resource description framework (Resource Description Framework) RDF is defined,
CityGML standards and IFC standards are subjected to Unify legislation, by establishing ontology, two are realized with reference to semantic network mapping mode
FIELD Data standard integrates, and so as to fulfill BIM technology and GIS technology from interoperability semantically, improves industrial application of information technology energy
Power.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention proposes that a kind of CityGML based on RDF frames and IFC class formation semantemes reflect
The method for penetrating ontology, includes the following steps：
BIM models are created, and are converted to IFC reference formats；
Based on RDF, the mapping flow of CityGML and IFC is created；
Based on RDF, the mapping ruler of CityGML and IFC are established；
Ontology is mapped according to RDF, the information of IFC data standards and CityGML data standards are subjected to Unify legislation, realized
Semantic mapping；
It is mapped, is formed corresponding by the CityGML based on RDF frames and IFC class formation Semantic mappings bulk process
CityGML data standard models.
Further, the IFC model architectures are made of four levels, are resource layer, core successively from top to bottom
Layer, alternation of bed, field layer, a series of information describing module is all included in every layer.
Further, the information of the IFC data standards includes point, line, surface, material information, colouring information.
Further, this method passes through Semantic mapping reality by the OWL ontology files of the RDF CityGML formed and IFC
Existing two FIELD Data standards it is integrated, so as to fulfill BIM technology and GIS technology from interoperability semantically.
Further, the OWL ontology files are the RDF graph built using OWL language.
Further, the RDF graph carries out the improvement of semantic structure, the RDF vocabularies by RDF vocabularies or ontology
It is made of the specification of class, subclass, annotation, data type.
Current IFC data standards can not directly carry out data interchange with CityGML data standards, and it is even more impossible to realize two kinds not
With the interoperability of normal data.For this method on the basis of Unify legislation frame, CityGML+IFC languages are established in innovative proposition
Main body system is penetrated in benefit film showing, i.e., establishes ontology using RDF frames, and the definition of Semantic mapping is carried out to CityGML and IFC data standards
And conversion, BIM technology and GIS technology are realized from interoperability semantically, so as to further meet based on user demand
The unified query of CityGML and IFC data and data pick-up function, improve industrial application of information technology ability.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 show the CityGML and IFC class formation Semantic mapping sheets based on RDF frames of present pre-ferred embodiments
The method flow diagram of body.
Fig. 2 show the IFC reference format model architecture schematic diagrames of present pre-ferred embodiments.
Fig. 3 show CityGML schematic diagrames corresponding with IFC frameworks.
Fig. 4 show CityGML of the present invention and the framework map of the method for IFC class formation Semantic mapping ontologies.
Fig. 5 show the mapping flow diagram of CityGML and IFC.
Fig. 6 show the mapping ruler schematic diagram of CityGML and IFC.
Fig. 7 show OWL profile concept figures.
Fig. 8 show RDF and OWL relational graphs.
Specific embodiment
The specific embodiment of the present invention is provided below in conjunction with attached drawing, but the present invention is not limited to following embodiments.Root
According to following explanation and claims, advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from.It should be noted that attached drawing is using very simple
The form of change and using non-accurate ratio, is only used for conveniently, lucidly aiding in illustrating the purpose of the embodiment of the present invention.
It please refers to Fig.1, Fig. 1 show the CityGML and IFC class formations based on RDF frames of present pre-ferred embodiments
The method flow diagram of Semantic mapping ontology.The present invention proposes that a kind of CityGML based on RDF frames and IFC class formation semantemes reflect
The method for penetrating ontology, includes the following steps：
Step S100：BIM models are created, and are converted to IFC reference formats；
Step S200：Based on RDF, the mapping flow of CityGML and IFC is created；
Step S300：Based on RDF, the mapping ruler of CityGML and IFC are established；
Step S400：Ontology is mapped according to RDF, the information of IFC data standards and CityGML data standards are subjected to unification
Semantic mapping is realized in description；
Step S500：It is mapped, is formed by the CityGML based on RDF frames and IFC class formation Semantic mappings bulk process
Corresponding CityGML data standards model.
It please refers to Fig.2, Fig. 2 show the IFC reference format model architecture schematic diagrames of present pre-ferred embodiments.
IFC data formats have four layer architectures in total：IFC model architectures are made of four levels, are resource successively from top to bottom
Layer (Resource Layer), core layer (Core Layer), alternation of bed (Interoperability Layer) are (alternatively referred to as
Inclusion layer), field layer (Domain Layer), a series of information describing module is all included in every layer.This method is first by BIM
Information in model quotes same layer and the information money of lower floor with being corresponded with the describing module of IFC resource layers, then by upper strata
The IFC frameworks rule in source sequentially forms the information content of core layer, alternation of bed and field layer, most entire BIM model conversions at last
For IFC models.The information of the IFC data standards includes point, line, surface, material information, colouring information.
This method is according to virtual three-dimensional city model data exchange and storage international standard CityGML, by all types of ground
Manage information model standardization.CityGML is a kind of open data model, it realizes virtual three-dimensional city mould based on XML
The data of type are stored with exchanging, to express the generic data model of three-dimensional city template.It is defined in city and region most
The type and correlation of common earth's surface target, and the attribute of the geometry of target, topology, semanteme, appearance etc. is accounted for,
Including level, polymerization, the relationship between target and space attribute between thematic type etc..
It please refers to Fig.3 and Fig. 4, Fig. 3 show CityGML schematic diagrames corresponding with IFC frameworks, Fig. 4 show the present invention
CityGML and the framework map of the method for IFC class formation Semantic mapping ontologies.Current IFC data standards and CityGML data standards
Data interchange can not be directly carried out, it is even more impossible to realize the interoperability of two kinds of various criterion data.This method is in Unify legislation frame
On the basis of, CityGML+IFC Semantic mapping main body systems are established in innovative proposition, i.e., establish ontology using RDF frames, right
CityGML and IFC data standards carry out the definition and conversion of Semantic mapping.
Fig. 5 show the mapping flow diagram of CityGML and IFC.Fig. 6 show the mapping ruler of CityGML and IFC
Schematic diagram.The present invention carries out semantic thick mapping first, including ceiling (ceiling), floor (floor), wall (metope) and
Ground (ground) Semantic mapping then carries out ceiling and floor faces geometric center and calculates, each floor Outside contour extraction, respectively
Floor metope base obtains, and carries out subsequent rounds exterior feature processing.
On this basis, model view is established to CityGML and IFC with description technique by soft project demand analysis to retouch
The XML/JSON specifications stated.On the basis of data interoperation requirement description, the standardization text of Definition Model view description.It adopts
It is parsed and extracted with sequencing, realize the interoperability of CityGML and IFC data files, so as to further meet based on user's need
The unified query for the CityGML and IFC data asked and data pick-up function.
RDF (Resource Description Framework) resource description framework, it is a kind of to be used to describe web resource
Label.Language.RDF is XML (subset of the standard generalized markup language) applications of a processing metadata.RDF uses XML grammers
Metadata is described as being data model with RDF Schema (RDFS).By RDF, people can use the vocabulary of oneself
Any resource described, but people are more gladly by it for describing Web site and the page, due to the use of be structuring XML numbers
According to search engine is appreciated that the precise meanings of metadata so that search becomes more intelligent and accurate, completely can be to avoid ought
Preceding search engine often returns to the situation of extraneous data.Certainly on condition that RDF and the RDF vocabularies of standardization are extensive on Web
It uses, and search engine is required to understand the vocabulary used.
The core of semantic network is a kind of flexible and general language, can easily represent and be led with reference to different knowledge
The information in domain, i.e. RDF.Why semanteme can form semantic network, and wherein information is represented as oriented label figure (RDF graph).This
Each node in the figure of sample represents a concept or object, and be identified with uniform resource identifier (URI).By in phase
All information described in the leading mark figure of mutual correlation realize the unified representation of information so that these information can be by people and meter
Calculation machine application program repeated application.
RDF graph can use RDF/XML (.RDF), N-Triples (.N_T), Turtle (.TTL) [27] and Notation-3
The various grammers such as (.N3) are serialized.RDF graph can carry out the improvement of semantic structure by RDF vocabularies or ontology.Description
The most basic element of such ontology is included in RDF patterns (RDFS) vocabulary, it is by class, subclass, annotation, data type
Specification forms.The RDF graph built with OWL language is referred to as OWL ontologies.
The semantic meaning representation of network ontology language (Web Ontology Language) OWL language defines can in OWL ontologies
With the content represented.OWL language is proposed earliest by W3C mechanisms, and releases first OWL version in 2014, this version shows
Replace by the OWL2 linguistic norms of publication in 2012.Fig. 7 show OWL profile concept figures.OWL2 configuration files EL,
QL and RL respectively provides certain Informational Expression ability, they determine which information can in detail be represented semantically, which
Meeting Informational Expression ability has an impact a bit, that is, the information included is more, and Informational Expression ability is poorer.
Fig. 8 show RDF and OWL relational graphs.By the OWL ontology files of the RDF CityGML formed and IFC, pass through language
Adopted two FIELD Data standards of Mapping implementation it is integrated, so as to fulfill BIM technology and GIS technology from interoperability semantically.
Although the present invention is disclosed above with preferred embodiment, however, it is not to limit the invention.Skill belonging to the present invention
Has usually intellectual in art field, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, when can be used for a variety of modifications and variations.Cause
This, the scope of protection of the present invention is defined by those of the claims.
Claims (6)
- A kind of 1. method of CityGML based on RDF frames and IFC class formation Semantic mapping ontologies, which is characterized in that including under Row step：BIM models are created, and are converted to IFC reference formats；Based on RDF, the mapping flow of CityGML and IFC is created；Based on RDF, the mapping ruler of CityGML and IFC are established；Ontology is mapped according to RDF, the information of IFC data standards and CityGML data standards are subjected to Unify legislation, is realized semantic Mapping；It is mapped by the CityGML based on RDF frames and IFC class formation Semantic mappings bulk process, forms corresponding CityGML Data standard model.
- 2. the method for the CityGML according to claim 1 based on RDF frames and IFC class formation Semantic mapping ontologies, It is characterized in that, the IFC model architectures are made of four levels, are resource layer, core layer, interaction successively from top to bottom Layer, field layer, a series of information describing module is all included in every layer.
- 3. the method for the CityGML according to claim 1 based on RDF frames and IFC class formation Semantic mapping ontologies, It is characterized in that, the information of the IFC data standards includes point, line, surface, material information, colouring information.
- 4. the method for the CityGML according to claim 1 based on RDF frames and IFC class formation Semantic mapping ontologies, It is characterized in that, this method realizes two necks by the OWL ontology files of the RDF CityGML formed and IFC by Semantic mapping Numeric field data standard it is integrated, so as to fulfill BIM technology and GIS technology from interoperability semantically.
- 5. the method for the CityGML according to claim 4 based on RDF frames and IFC class formation Semantic mapping ontologies, It is characterized in that, the OWL ontology files are the RDF graph built using OWL language.
- 6. the method for the CityGML according to claim 5 based on RDF frames and IFC class formation Semantic mapping ontologies, It is characterized in that, the RDF graph carries out the improvement of semantic structure by RDF vocabularies or ontology, and the RDF vocabularies are by class, son Class, annotation, data type specification composition.
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Cited By (11)
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| CN109918526A (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2019-06-21 | 上海市测绘院 | A kind of BIM towards planning management and 3DGIS fusion method |
| CN109974703A (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2019-07-05 | 深圳大学 | A kind of construction method, system and the device of indoor navigation network |
| CN110222445A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-09-10 | 四川省交通勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Based on BIM and the integrated of design information, collaborative design and delivery method and system |
| CN110502587A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2019-11-26 | 史健勇 | BIM and GIS integrated approach based on semantic fusion |
| CN110532303A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2019-12-03 | 重庆交通大学 | A kind of information retrieval and the potential relationship method of excavation for Bridge Management & Maintenance information |
| CN111178083A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-05-19 | 广州地理研究所 | Semantic matching method and device for BIM and GIS |
| CN112000335A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-11-27 | 惠州市德赛西威汽车电子股份有限公司 | Method for rapidly adapting to multi-party semantics through visualization method |
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| CN113988084A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-01-28 | 山东师范大学 | BIM and GIS body fusion method and system based on SWRL rule |
| CN114387404A (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-04-22 | 山东师范大学 | BIM and GIS building data fusion method and system based on semantic mapping |
| CN116303732A (en) * | 2023-05-25 | 2023-06-23 | 山东师范大学 | Data conversion verification method and system for geographic information system and building information model |
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| CN113988084A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-01-28 | 山东师范大学 | BIM and GIS body fusion method and system based on SWRL rule |
| CN114387404A (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-04-22 | 山东师范大学 | BIM and GIS building data fusion method and system based on semantic mapping |
| CN114387404B (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-06-14 | 山东师范大学 | BIM and GIS building data fusion method and system based on semantic mapping |
| CN116303732A (en) * | 2023-05-25 | 2023-06-23 | 山东师范大学 | Data conversion verification method and system for geographic information system and building information model |
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