CN108132277A - A kind of method for predicting hypereutectic composition vermicular cast iron nodulizing rate - Google Patents
A kind of method for predicting hypereutectic composition vermicular cast iron nodulizing rate Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of method for predicting hypereutectic composition vermicular cast iron nodulizing rate of the present invention, it is related to using thermal analysis system through the state of test material come test material, it is changed with time by computer measurement and control system to hypereutectic composition vermicular cast iron molten iron temperature and is recorded and drawn out cooling curve, the cooling curve obtains differential curve by differential process, the nodulizing rate of the molten iron is further calculated, thus the vermiculation effect of the molten iron is predicted, overcomes the defects of prior art cannot still predict hypereutectic composition vermicular cast iron nodulizing rate.
Description
Technical field
Technical scheme of the present invention is related to using thermal analysis system through the state of test material come test material, specifically
It is a kind of method for predicting hypereutectic composition vermicular cast iron nodulizing rate.
Background technology
Vermicular cast iron not only possesses the good thermal conductivity of gray cast iron, damping property and casting character, and possesses spheroidal graphite cast-iron
The advantages of intensity height and good toughness, while its wearability and Thermal fatigue properties are superior to both materials, has excellent comprehensive
Close performance.The seventies, vermicular cast iron begin to be applied to motor housing, bent axle driving box body, brake drum, ingot mould and big horse
The manufacture of power diesel engine cylinder cover, to replace high intensity gray iron, alloy cast iron, malleable cast iron and certain magnesium irons.It is last to twentieth century,
With the development of auto industry, it has been found that vermicular cast iron is a best choosing for production engine cylinder body and cylinder head casting
It selects, the drive of auto industry makes the research of vermicular cast iron and application enter a fast-developing new stage.
The difficult point of production vermicular cast iron maximum is that its compactedization process parameters range is too narrow, charge composition, smelting temperature, guarantor
Soaking time, the duration of pouring in warm time, pouring ladle preheating temperature, weight of molten iron of coming out of the stove, vermiculizer inovulant ingredient, iron liquid packet
Variation and the work habit and qualification of operator can all cause shadow to the matrix of final vermicular cast iron product
It rings, mechanical property and physical property fluctuation are larger, and stability contorting production difficulty is very big.In order to solve this problem, Ren Menyin
Enter heat analysis method, i.e., acquire cooling curve after compactedization in molten iron cooling procedure with thermal analyzer, i.e., " Temperature-time "
Curve predicts the ingredient of molten iron and tissue etc. by analyzing cooling curve, the compactedization state of molten iron discharging is assessed, under guidance
The corrective measure of one step, so as to assist producing qualified vermicular cast iron product.
In the chemical composition of vermicular cast iron, the percent value range of contained carbon equivalent is from hypoeutectic ingredient to excessively common
Change in this wider range of brilliant ingredient, but in order to which iron liquid is made to have good casting character, high compactness, low is white
Mouthful tendency, the percent value range generally use of carbon equivalent is close to eutectic composition or hypereutectic composition.Document《The life of vermicular cast iron
Production》[Zhang Wen and, Ding Jun, Nie Fu honor .. modern cast irons, 006, (02):54-55] and《The production of pieces of vermicular cast iron and quality control
System》[Xu Ming Casting Equipments and technique, 2009, (03):50-52] the percent value range of carbon equivalent is all recommended to select in compacted ink
The percent value range of the hypereutectic composition of cast iron, i.e. carbon equivalent is 4.3%~4.6%.Factual survey is the study found that China
Some stokehold heat analysis that the enterprise of most of production vermicular cast iron is currently employed detect the method for vermicular cast iron nodulizing rates not
Suitable for the prediction of hypereutectic composition vermicular cast iron nodulizing rate, the compacted ink casting of actual industrial production qualification hypereutectic composition can not be met
The needs of iron product.
CN103728333A discloses rapid analysis method before a kind of double sample cup magnesium irons or compacted iron furnace, and being will be containing the strong of antimony
The transfer coatings of anti-nodularization or anti-compactedization element are coated in an a kind of cavity inner surface of dimorphism chamber analysis sample cup, will handle
Complete iron liquid pours into two cavities simultaneously, detects the cooling curve of two cavity molten steel solidifications, and finds two with differential method
The solidification liquidus temperature T of iron liquid in sampleL1And TL2, eutectic temperature TE1And TE2, the temperature that generates of latent heat of solidification release rise △ T1With
△T2, and analysis comparison is carried out, the nodulizing rate or Oxygen potential of iron liquid solidification are calculated, still, for no apparent on cooling curve
Liquidus temperature hypereutectic composition vermicular cast iron detection, which does not provide discussion, therefore this method can not be realized
Predict hypereutectic composition vermicular cast iron nodulizing rate.
CN1359428A discloses a kind of method of the amount for the alterant for determining to be added in cast iron, is from cast iron molten bath
A sample is taken out, its temperature is recorded simultaneously by two thermally sensitive devices when which solidifies, and one temperature sensitive
Device be arranged in the middle part of sample, another represents the sample of the molten cast iron as the function of time near chamber wall
The cooling curve of temperature is recorded by the two thermally sensitive devices, then by measuring what is generated in the middle part of bath sample
The function of time of pure heat evaluates these curves, is caused in this, as the amount for determining the structure alterant that must be added to melt to generate
Close graphite cast iron (CGI).The prior art has rated the possibility of cooling curve recorded in nearly eutectic cast iron melt, although
Suitable for hypoeutectic component type cast iron and sub- nearly eutectic composition type cast iron, but when being related to hypereutectic composition cast iron, due to
The characteristic value of this type does not have that the time change range of apparent turning point or eutectic freezing minimum temperature is wide, the fever at middle part
Curve does not include any peak visited, therefore is not suitable for predicting hypereutectic composition vermicular cast iron nodulizing rate.
Invention content
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are：A kind of method for predicting hypereutectic composition vermicular cast iron nodulizing rate, leads to
It crosses computer measurement and control system and changes with time to hypereutectic composition vermicular cast iron molten iron temperature and recorded and drawn out cooling
Curve, the cooling curve obtain differential curve by differential process, and the nodulizing rate of the molten iron is further calculated, thus predicts
Go out the vermiculation effect of the molten iron, overcome the defects of prior art cannot still predict hypereutectic composition vermicular cast iron nodulizing rate.
Technical solution is used by the present invention solves the technical problem：A kind of prediction hypereutectic composition vermicular cast iron compactedization
The method of rate, is as follows：
The first step changes with time to hypereutectic composition vermicular cast iron molten iron temperature progress by computer measurement and control system
It records and draws out cooling curve：
In the vermicular cast iron molten iron casting to a stokehold heat analysis temperature acquisition sample cup of compactedization of learning from else's experience and inoculation,
Temperature signal when a centrally disposed K-type thermocouple of the sample cup is by vermicular cast iron molten iron sample process of setting in sample cup turns
Become electromotive force signal, electromotive force signal is transmitted to by a computer measurement and control system by data line, which surveys
Electromotive force signal is converted into temperature value by control system again, and then vermicular cast iron molten iron temperature is changed with time and is recorded simultaneously
Draw out cooling curve；
Second step determines the type of cooling curve：
The cooling curve drawn with computer measurement and control system to the above-mentioned first step carries out differential, obtains the micro- of cooling curve
Component curve judges whether there is hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron on cooling curve by the number for detecting maximum on differential curve
The inflection point TGL of cooling curve, hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron cooling curve inflection point TGU and/or hypereutectic vermicular cast iron iron
The inflection point TGR of the cooling curve of water, and then judge that the affiliated type of cooling curve for being tested eutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron is as follows：
For I type curve, it is respectively MAX1, MAX2, MAX3 that 3 maximum are had on differential curve；For II type curve, because its
There is no the inflection point TGL characteristic points of the cooling curve of hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron, so there was only 2 maximum on differential curve
MAX2 and MAX3, without MAX1；For III type curve, there was only maximum MAX3 on differential curve；Therefore, when computer is surveyed
There are 3 maximum to illustrate the cooling on the differential curve of cooling curve that control system discovery is tested eutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron
The inflection point TGL of the cooling curve of existing hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron has the cooling song of hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron again on curve
The inflection point TGR of the cooling curve of the inflection point TGU of line and hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron, it is I type curve to judge the cooling curve；When
It was found that being tested on the differential curve of the cooling curve of eutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron there are 2 maximum, illustrate the cooling curve
The inflection point TGL of the cooling curve of upper no hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron, and have the cooling curve of hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron
Inflection point TGU and hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron cooling curve inflection point TGR, judge the cooling curve be the cooling curve II
Type curve；When only 1 maximum, explanation on the differential curve of cooling curve for finding to be tested eutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron
Not only without the inflection point TGL of the cooling curve of hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron but also without hypereutectic vermicular cast iron iron on the cooling curve
The inflection point TGR of the cooling curve of the inflection point TGU of the cooling curve of water and hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron judges that the cooling curve is
III type curve；
Third walks, and predicts hypereutectic composition vermicular cast iron nodulizing rate：
With the characteristic value of the cooling curve obtained by computer measurement and control system determines the above-mentioned first step, if judging in second step
Cooling curve obtained by one step is I type curve, and characteristic value includes △ T1、△T2、K1、K2、TEU、TES、TGU、TGL；If second step
Cooling curve obtained by the middle judgement first step is II type curve, and characteristic value includes △ T1、△T2、K1、K2、TEU、TES、TGU；If
It is III type curve that the cooling curve obtained by the first step is judged in second step, and characteristic value includes △ T1、△T2、K1、K2, TEU, TES,
Wherein TEU is hypereutectic vermicular cast iron eutectic minimum temperature, TES is hypereutectic vermicular cast iron eutectic end temp, TGU was common
Minimum temperature is precipitated in austenite before brilliant vermicular cast iron eutectic, TGL is hypereutectic vermicular cast iron kish Precipitation Temperature, △ T1For
Hypereutectic vermicular cast iron eutectic recalescence, △ T2Temperature difference, K for hypereutectic vermicular cast iron TEU and TES1For hypereutectic vermicular cast iron
The eutectic later stage accounts for the time scale of entire process of setting, K2Before the inflection point TEU of cooling curve for hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron
Solidification account for entire process of setting time scale, then cooling curve of the computer measurement and control system according to obtained by the first step class
Type automatically selects following respective formula and calculates prediction hypereutectic composition vermicular cast iron nodulizing rate：
Formula (1)：VGRⅠ=c0+c1·△T1+c2·△T2+c3·K1+c4·K2+c5·TEU+c6·TES+c7·TGU+
c8TGL,
Formula (2)：VGRⅡ=c0+c1·△T1+c2·△T2+c3·K1+c4·K2+c5·TEU+c6·TES+c7TGU,
Formula (3)：VGRⅢ=c0+c1·△T1+c2·△T2+c3·K1+c4·K2+c5·TEU+c6TES,
Wherein, VGRⅠ、VGRⅡAnd VGRⅢIt represents and is tested shown in I type curve, II type curve and III type curve altogether respectively
The prediction nodulizing rate of brilliant vermicular cast iron molten iron；For I type curve, K1=tTES-TER/tTES-TGL, K2=tTEU-TGL/tTES-TGL；For
II type curve, K1=tTES-TER/tTES-TGU, K2=tTEU-TGU/tTES-TGU；For III type curve, K1=tTES-TER/tTES-TEU, K2=
0；△T1=TER-TEU, △ T2=TEU-TES；tTES-TERFor the time of TER to TES, tTES-TGLFor the time of TGL to TES,
tTEU-TGLFor the time of TGL to TEU, tTEU-TGUFor the time of TGU to TEU, tTES-TGUFor the time of TGU to TES, tTES-TEUFor
The time of TEU to TES；c0For constant, c1、c2、c3、c4、c5、c6、c7、c8For coefficient every in predictor formula, c0It is public with prediction
Every coefficient is by the cooling curve recording and draw out that vermicular cast iron molten iron temperature is changed with time in formula
Features described above value as independent variable, the practical nodulizing rate of casting corresponding to the every cooling curve measured as quick metallographic method
Carry out what multiple linear regression obtained as dependent variable.
A kind of above-mentioned method for predicting hypereutectic composition vermicular cast iron nodulizing rate, the stokehold heat analysis temperature acquisition sample cup
It is stokehold heat analysis temperature acquisition sample cup disclosed in prior art CN206002472U；The computer measurement and control system is by Hebei
Polytechnical university and Tianjin dispense the RT-2009 type vermicular cast iron intelligent online observing and controlling of this unrestrained detection instrument Co., Ltd joint research and development
System, the quick metallographic method and other operating procedures are well-known in the art.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
Compared with prior art, the present invention has substantive distinguishing features prominent as follows：
The present invention carries out the cooling curve for being tested eutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron using computer measurement and control system micro-
Point, the differential curve of cooling curve is obtained, and then judge to be tested the affiliated type of cooling curve of eutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron
Principle it is as follows：
(1) present invention shows that the cooling curve of hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron has following three kinds by abundant experimental results
Type：
I type curve：A large amount of kish is precipitated, and adjoint in the sufficiently large hypereutectic vermicular cast iron of eutectic degree, when solidification
A large amount of latent heat are discharged, cooling curve shows the inflection point TGL of the cooling curve of apparent hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron, with first
The precipitation of beginning graphite, leads to poor carbon around it, and austenite starts forming core growth before a large amount of eutectics, discharges latent heat, makes cooling curve
Go up, generate the inflection point TGU of the cooling curve of hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron and the cooling curve of hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron
Inflection point TGR characteristic points, subsequently enter the eutectic freezing of quasiflake graphite and austenite, such cooling curve is I type
Curve；
II type curve：The slightly lower hypereutectic vermicular cast iron of eutectic degree is insufficient to allow since the latent heat that kish generates is small
Cooling curve generates the inflection point TGL of the cooling curve of an apparent hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron, but difficult to understand before subsequent eutectic
The latent heat that the growth of family name's body generates can still generate the inflection point TGU of cooling curve of hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron and hypereutectic
The inflection point TGR characteristic points of the cooling curve of vermicular cast iron molten iron, such cooling curve are identified as II type curve；
III type curve：Eutectic or nearly hypereutectic composition vermicular cast iron, compared to first two type, its eutectic degree is small, though
Austenite before generation kish and eutectic, but its latent heat generated is all insufficient to allow cooling curve the inflection point before eutectic occur,
I.e. both without the inflection point TGL of the cooling curve of hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron, also without the cooling of hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron
The inflection point TGR characteristic points of the cooling curve of point of inflexion on a curve TGU and hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron, such cooling curve
For III type curve；
(2) the inflection point TGL of the cooling curve of hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron is that hypereutectic vermicular cast iron kish is precipitated
Temperature, TGL is bigger, illustrates that liquidus curve is higher, it is meant that kish amount is more.Through a large number of experiments the study found that kish
The final form of growth is spherical or shape of blooming, and the precipitation of kish can reduce nodulizing rate, and easily generate graphite floatation,
And casting is caused to be also easy to produce shrinkage porosite.
It is hypereutectic that if the differential curve of cooling curve, which has the temperature corresponding to maximum MAX1, MAX1 on cooling curve,
The inflection point TGL values of the cooling curve of vermicular cast iron molten iron.If differential curve does not have maximum MAX1, do not had on cooling curve
The inflection point TGL of the cooling curve of eutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron.
(3) the inflection point TGU of the cooling curve of hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron is austenite before hypereutectic vermicular cast iron eutectic
Minimum temperature is precipitated, the inflection point TGR of the cooling curve of hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron is Ovshinsky before hypereutectic vermicular cast iron eutectic
Rise maximum temperature is precipitated in body.The inflection point TGU of the cooling curve of hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron and hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron
The size of inflection point TGR of cooling curve also contribute to the diffusion of carbon atom and the growth of graphite and austenite before eutectic.
If the point institute that the differential value for having maximum MAX2, the MAX2 left sides closest on the differential curve of cooling curve is zero
Corresponding temperature differential value closest on the right of the inflection point TGU, MAX2 for the cooling curve of hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron is zero
Point corresponding to temperature for hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron cooling curve inflection point TGR, if differential curve does not have maximum
MAX2 does not have the inflection point TGU of the cooling curve of hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron or hypereutectic vermicular cast iron then on cooling curve
The inflection point TGR of the cooling curve of molten iron.
(4) the inflection point TEU of the cooling curve of hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron is the lowest temperature of hypereutectic vermicular cast iron eutectic
Degree, the inflection point TER of the cooling curve of hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron is the maximum temperature of hypereutectic vermicular cast iron eutectic.When common
During gray cast iron eutectic freezing, liquid phase is goed deep at flake graphite tip, leads over eutectic austenite.The diffusion speed of carbon atom in the liquid phase
Degree is fast 20 times than in austenite, and graphite fast-growth leads to poor carbon around it, and promotes austenite fast-growth, and eutectic needs
Smaller driving force is wanted, so the inflection point TEU higher of the cooling curve of hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron.When spheroidal graphite cast-iron eutectic coagulates
Gu when, globular graphite is surrounded by austenite shells, and growing up for graphite nodule needs carbon atom to be enriched to graphite nodule across austenite shells
Surface, but diffusion velocity of the carbon atom in austenite is very slow, so eutectic growth speed is also relatively slow, the crystallization of release
Latent heat is small, so the inflection point TEU of the cooling curve of hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron is low, eutectic recalescence △ T1 are small.For compacted ink casting
Iron eutectic, eutectic graphite starts to be in coccoid, so the inflection point TEU and spheroidal graphite of the cooling curve of its hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron
Cast iron is suitable, and following graphite morphology grows up to vermiform, and the feature fast-growth to be similar to flake graphite, discharges a large amount of latent
Heat makes the inflection point TER raisings of the cooling curve of hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron, thus eutectic recalescence △ T1 increase.Therefore, for
For vermicular cast iron, different nodulizing rates also implies that turning for the cooling curve of corresponding different hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron
Point TEU, the inflection point TER of cooling curve of hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron and eutectic recalescence △ T1, △ T1=TER-TEU.
The temperature corresponding to point that the closest differential value in the MAX3 left sides is zero is the cooling of hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron
The temperature corresponding to point that closest differential value is zero on the right of point of inflexion on a curve TEU, MAX3 is hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron
Cooling curve inflection point TER.
The inflection point TES of the cooling curve of hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron is eutectic end temp, and the differential of cooling curve is bent
The temperature corresponding to minimum on line after MAX3 is TES.
(5) it is found during the supercooling of research gray cast iron, when iron liquid is solidified to the end at a temperature below hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron
Cooling curve inflection point TEU when, can forming core again in the liquid phase, this stage degree of supercooling is larger, and the growth of graphite forming core can band
Come certain high Oxygen potential risk, i.e. △ T2The size of=TEU-TES influences whether the nodulizing rate of hypereutectic vermicular cast iron.
(6)K1It is the time scale for accounting for entire process of setting in the hypereutectic vermicular cast iron eutectic later stage.Globular graphite is more, altogether
Brilliant later stage carbon atom diffusion is slower, and the heat dissipation of sample is also slower, and the duration in eutectic later stage is longer.K2It is hypereutectic vermicular cast iron
Solidification before the inflection point TEU of the cooling curve of molten iron accounts for the time scale of entire process of setting.Hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron
Solidification stages before the inflection point TEU of cooling curve consume more carbon, the long glomeration of graphite of generation or shape of blooming, and reduce
Nodulizing rate, and eutectic later stage contraction tendency is big, and casting is also easy to produce shrinkage porosite.
For I type curve, there are the inflection point TGL characteristic points of the cooling curve of apparent hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron, it is excessively common
The brilliant vermicular cast iron eutectic later stage accounts for the time scale K of entire process of setting1=tTES-TER/tTES-TGL, hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron
Cooling curve inflection point TEU before solidification account for the time scale K of entire process of setting2=tTEU-TGL/tTES-TGL；For II type
Curve, without the inflection point TGL characteristic points of the cooling curve of apparent hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron, K1=tTES-TER/tTES-TGU,
K2=tTEU-TGU/tTES-TGU；For III type curve, before the inflection point TEU of the cooling curve of hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron on curve
There is no inflection point, K1=tTES-TER/tTES-TEU, K2=0.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following significant progress：
(1) the method for the present invention passes through change of the computer measurement and control system to hypereutectic composition vermicular cast iron molten iron temperature at any time
Change is recorded and draws out cooling curve, which obtains differential curve by differential process, is further calculated
Thus the nodulizing rate of the molten iron predicts the vermiculation effect of the molten iron, overcome the prior art cannot still predict it is hypereutectic into
The defects of dividing vermicular cast iron nodulizing rate.
(2) the method for the present invention can carry out intelligent recognition to hypereutectic vermicular cast iron, predict the compacted ink of hypereutectic composition
The vermiculation effect of cast iron.This method is quickly and accurate, and the nodulizing rate error calculated is no more than ± 5%, can help to improve compacted ink
The stability of Cast Iron Production.
Description of the drawings
The present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is the schematic process flow diagram of the method for the present invention.
Fig. 2 is-I type curve of cooling curve of the vermicular cast iron molten iron in the embodiment of the present invention 1 and corresponding differential curve.
Fig. 3 is-II type curve of cooling curve of the vermicular cast iron molten iron in the embodiment of the present invention 2 and corresponding differential curve.
Fig. 4 is-III type curve of cooling curve of the vermicular cast iron molten iron in the embodiment of the present invention 3 and corresponding differential curve.
Fig. 5 (a) is the ontology metallograph of vermicular cast iron glass mold casting made from the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 5 (b) is the ontology metallograph of vermicular cast iron piston ring casting made from the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Fig. 5 (c) is the ontology metallograph of vermicular cast iron glass mold casting made from the embodiment of the present invention 3.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment illustrated in fig. 1 shows that the flow of the method for the present invention is：Computer measurement and control system draw out cooling curve → really
The type of cooling curve is determined, including I type curve, II type curve and III type curve → prediction hypereutectic composition vermicular cast iron compactedization
Rate, calculation formula are respectively：
Formula (1)：VGRⅠ=c0+c1·△T1+c2·△T2+c3·K1+c4·K2+c5·TEU+c6·TES+c7·TGU+
c8TGL,
Formula (2)：VGRⅡ=c0+c1·△T1+c2·△T2+c3·K1+c4·K2+c5·TEU+c6·TES+c7TGU,
Formula (3)：VGRⅢ=c0+c1·△T1+c2·△T2+c3·K1+c4·K2+c5·TEU+c6·TES。
It further illustrates：VGRⅠ、VGRⅡAnd VGRⅢIt represents and is detected shown in I type curve, II type curve and III type curve respectively
The prediction nodulizing rate of hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron is surveyed, TEU is hypereutectic vermicular cast iron eutectic minimum temperature, and TES is hypereutectic
Vermicular cast iron eutectic end temp, TGU are austenite precipitation minimum temperature before hypereutectic vermicular cast iron eutectic, and TGL is hypereutectic
Vermicular cast iron kish Precipitation Temperature, △ T1For hypereutectic vermicular cast iron eutectic recalescence, △ T2For hypereutectic vermicular cast iron TEU
With the temperature difference of TES, K1The time scale of entire process of setting, K are accounted for for the hypereutectic vermicular cast iron eutectic later stage2It is hypereutectic compacted
Solidification before the inflection point TEU of the cooling curve of black molten cast iron accounts for the time scale of entire process of setting, c0For constant, c1、c2、
c3、c4、c5、c6、c7、c8For coefficient every in predictor formula.
Embodiment 1
Hypereutectic vermicular cast iron glass mold casting is prepared, product requirement nodulizing rate is more than 80%.
The first step changes with time to hypereutectic composition vermicular cast iron molten iron temperature progress by computer measurement and control system
It records and draws out cooling curve：
Stokehold disclosed in the vermicular cast iron molten iron casting a to CN206002472U of compactedization of learning from else's experience and inoculation
In heat analysis temperature acquisition sample cup, a centrally disposed K-type thermocouple of the sample cup is by the vermicular cast iron molten iron sample in sample cup
Temperature signal during process of setting is changed into electromotive force signal, and electromotive force signal is transmitted to a calculating by data line
Machine TT＆C system RT-2009 type vermicular cast iron intelligent online TT＆C systems, the computer measurement and control system again turn electromotive force signal
It changes temperature value into, then vermicular cast iron molten iron temperature is changed with time and records and draw out cooling curve, cooling is bent
Line is as shown in Figure 2；
Second step determines the type of cooling curve：
The above-mentioned first step is drawn with computer measurement and control system-RT-2009 type vermicular cast iron intelligent online TT＆C systems
Cooling curve carry out differential, obtain the differential curve of cooling curve, with above-mentioned computer measurement and control system discovery be tested altogether
It is respectively MAX1, MAX2, MAX3 to have 3 maximum on the differential curve of the cooling curve of brilliant vermicular cast iron molten iron, illustrates that this is cold
But the inflection point TGL of the cooling curve of existing hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron has the cooling of hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron again on curve
The inflection point TGR of the cooling curve of point of inflexion on a curve TGU and hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron, and then judge to be tested the compacted ink of eutectic
The affiliated type of cooling curve that the above-mentioned first step of molten cast iron obtains is I type curve；
Third walks, and predicts hypereutectic composition vermicular cast iron nodulizing rate：
It is detected described in the above-mentioned first step with computer measurement and control system-RT-2009 type vermicular cast iron intelligent onlines TT＆C system
The characteristic value of cooling curve, including TGL, TGU, TGR, TEU, TER, TES, △ T1、△T2、K1、K2, result such as Tables 1 and 2
It is shown, constant c in the prediction nodulizing rate formula obtained by multiple linear regression0=108.946, every coefficient, c1=
24.765、c2=-25.272, c3=24.186, c4=-57.693, c5=-0.062, c6=1.322, c7=-0.034, c8=-
0.123,
Again prediction hypereutectic composition vermicular cast iron nodulizing rate is calculated with the following formula：
Formula (1)：VGRⅠ=c0+c1·△T1+c2·△T2+c3·K1+c4·K2+c5·TEU+c6·TES+c7·TGU+
c8·TGL
It is 81% that nodulizing rate, which is thus calculated, through computer TT＆C system.Through examining, the vermicular cast iron glass molds of casting
It is 82% to have casting ontology nodulizing rate, meets product requirement.
Fig. 2 is-I type curve of cooling curve of the vermicular cast iron molten iron in the present embodiment and corresponding differential curve, explanation
The sufficiently large hypereutectic vermicular cast iron of eutectic degree, when solidification, are precipitated a large amount of kish, and with discharging a large amount of latent heat, curve
Show apparent inflection point TGL.With the precipitation of starting graphite, lead to poor carbon around it, austenite starts shape before a large amount of eutectics
Nucleus growth discharges latent heat, curve is made to go up, and generates TGU and TGR characteristic points, subsequently enters being total to for quasiflake graphite and austenite
Crystal solidification.
Fig. 5 (a) is the ontology metallograph of vermicular cast iron glass mold casting made from the present embodiment, and nodulizing rate is
82%, big spherical and Exploded Graphites are kish in figure, because the vermicular cast iron eutectic degree is larger, so size is larger.
Embodiment 2
Hypereutectic vermicular cast iron piston ring is prepared, product requirement nodulizing rate is more than 80%.
The first step changes with time to hypereutectic composition vermicular cast iron molten iron temperature progress by computer measurement and control system
It records and draws out cooling curve：
Stokehold disclosed in the vermicular cast iron molten iron casting a to CN206002472U of compactedization of learning from else's experience and inoculation
In heat analysis temperature acquisition sample cup, a centrally disposed K-type thermocouple of the sample cup is by the vermicular cast iron molten iron sample in sample cup
Temperature signal during process of setting is changed into electromotive force signal, and electromotive force signal is transmitted to a calculating by data line
Machine TT＆C system RT-2009 type vermicular cast iron intelligent online TT＆C systems, the computer measurement and control system again turn electromotive force signal
It changes temperature value into, then vermicular cast iron molten iron temperature is changed with time and records and draw out cooling curve, cooling is bent
Line is as shown in Figure 3；
Second step determines the type of cooling curve：
The above-mentioned first step is drawn with computer measurement and control system-RT-2009 type vermicular cast iron intelligent online TT＆C systems
Cooling curve carry out differential, obtain the differential curve of cooling curve, with above-mentioned computer measurement and control system discovery be tested altogether
There was only 2 maximum MAX2 and MAX3 on the differential curve of the cooling curve of brilliant vermicular cast iron molten iron, without MAX1, illustrate this
There is no the inflection point TGL of the cooling curve of hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron on cooling curve, and have hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron
The inflection point TGR of the cooling curve of the inflection point TGU of cooling curve and hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron, and then judge to be tested eutectic
The affiliated type of cooling curve that the above-mentioned first step of vermicular cast iron molten iron obtains is II type curve；
Third walks, and predicts hypereutectic composition vermicular cast iron nodulizing rate：
It is detected described in the above-mentioned first step with computer measurement and control system-RT-2009 type vermicular cast iron intelligent onlines TT＆C system
The characteristic value of cooling curve, including TGU, TGR, TEU, TER, TES, △ T1、△T2、K1、K2, result as shown in Table 1 and Table 2,
Constant c in the prediction nodulizing rate formula obtained by multiple linear regression0=-66.332, every coefficient, c1=19.367, c2
=-31.641, c3=20.379, c4=-42.268, c5=-0.037, c6=1.562, c7=-0.025,
Again prediction hypereutectic composition vermicular cast iron nodulizing rate is calculated with the following formula：
Formula (2)：VGRⅡ=c1·△T1+c2·△T2+c3·K1+c4·K2+c5·TEU+c6·TES+c7·TGU
It is 89% that nodulizing rate, which is thus calculated, through computer TT＆C system.Vermicular cast iron piston ring body compactedization of casting
Rate is 86%, meets product requirement.
Fig. 3 is-II type curve of cooling curve of the vermicular cast iron molten iron in the present embodiment and corresponding differential curve, is shown
The latent heat that kish generates when the slightly lower hypereutectic vermicular cast iron of eutectic degree solidifies is few, and cooling curve is insufficient to allow to generate one
Apparent TGL inflection points.
Fig. 5 (b) is the ontology metallograph of vermicular cast iron piston ring casting made from the present embodiment, and nodulizing rate is
82%, larger globular graphite is kish in figure, because its eutectic degree is not big enough, so the long imaging Fig. 5 of kish
(a) big spherical or shape of blooming equally.
Embodiment 3
Hypereutectic vermicular cast iron glass mold casting is prepared, product requirement nodulizing rate is more than 80%.
The first step changes with time to hypereutectic composition vermicular cast iron molten iron temperature progress by computer measurement and control system
It records and draws out cooling curve：
Stokehold disclosed in the vermicular cast iron molten iron casting a to CN206002472U of compactedization of learning from else's experience and inoculation
In heat analysis temperature acquisition sample cup, a centrally disposed K-type thermocouple of the sample cup is by the vermicular cast iron molten iron sample in sample cup
Temperature signal during process of setting is changed into electromotive force signal, and electromotive force signal is transmitted to a calculating by data line
Machine TT＆C system RT-2009 type vermicular cast iron intelligent online TT＆C systems, the computer measurement and control system again turn electromotive force signal
Change temperature value into, then vermicular cast iron molten iron temperature is changed with time record and and draw out cooling curve, cool down
Curve is as shown in Figure 4；
Second step determines the type of cooling curve：
The above-mentioned first step is drawn with computer measurement and control system-RT-2009 type vermicular cast iron intelligent online TT＆C systems
Cooling curve carry out differential, obtain the differential curve of cooling curve, with above-mentioned computer measurement and control system discovery be tested altogether
There was only 1 maximum MAX3 on the differential curve of the cooling curve of brilliant vermicular cast iron molten iron, illustrate both do not had on the cooling curve
The inflection point TGL of the cooling curve of hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron is again without the inflection point of the cooling curve of hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron
The inflection point TGR of the cooling curve of TGU and hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron, and then judge to be tested eutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron
The affiliated type of cooling curve that the above-mentioned first step obtains is III type curve；
Third walks, and predicts hypereutectic composition vermicular cast iron nodulizing rate：
It is detected described in the above-mentioned first step with computer measurement and control system-RT-2009 type vermicular cast iron intelligent onlines TT＆C system
The characteristic value of cooling curve, including TEU, TER, TES, △ T1、△T2、K1、K2, result as shown in Table 1 and Table 2, by polynary
Constant c in the prediction nodulizing rate formula that linear regression obtains0=87.337, every coefficient, c1=7.543, c2=-38.349,
c3=18.361, c4=0, c5=-0.124, c6=1.717,
Again prediction hypereutectic composition vermicular cast iron nodulizing rate is calculated with the following formula：
Formula (3)：VGRⅢ=c0+c1·△T1+c2·△T2+c3·K1+c4·K2+c5·TEU+c6·TES
It is 93% that nodulizing rate, which is thus calculated, through computer TT＆C system..Through examining, the vermicular cast iron glass molds of casting
It is 90% to have casting ontology nodulizing rate, meets product requirement.
Fig. 4 is-III type curve of cooling curve of the vermicular cast iron molten iron in the present embodiment and corresponding differential curve, is shown
Though also generating austenite before kish and eutectic when eutectic or nearly hypereutectic composition vermicular cast iron solidify, it is generated latent
Heat is all insufficient to allow cooling curve the inflection point before eutectic occur.
Fig. 5 (c) is the ontology metallograph of vermicular cast iron glass mold casting made from the present embodiment, and nodulizing rate is
90%, because it is nearly eutectic composition, exist so can't see apparent kish in metallographic.
The physical significance guide look of each characteristic value in the cooling curve of 1. hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron of table
The result of characteristic value detected by 2. each embodiment of table
In above-described embodiment, the quick metallographic method and other operating procedures are well-known in the art.
Claims (1)
- A kind of 1. method for predicting hypereutectic composition vermicular cast iron nodulizing rate, it is characterised in that be as follows：The first step changes with time to hypereutectic composition vermicular cast iron molten iron temperature by computer measurement and control system and records And draw out cooling curve：In the vermicular cast iron molten iron casting to a stokehold heat analysis temperature acquisition sample cup of compactedization of learning from else's experience and inoculation, the sample Temperature signal when the centrally disposed K-type thermocouple of cup is by vermicular cast iron molten iron sample process of setting in sample cup is changed into Electromotive force signal is transmitted to a computer measurement and control system, the computer measurement and control system by electromotive force signal by data line Electromotive force signal is converted into temperature value by system again, and then vermicular cast iron molten iron temperature is changed with time and records and draws Go out cooling curve；Second step determines the type of cooling curve：The cooling curve drawn with computer measurement and control system to the above-mentioned first step carries out differential, and the differential for obtaining cooling curve is bent Line judges the cooling for whether having hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron on cooling curve by the number for detecting maximum on differential curve Point of inflexion on a curve TGL, hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron cooling curve inflection point TGU and/or hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron The inflection point TGR of cooling curve, and then judge that the affiliated type of cooling curve for being tested eutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron is as follows：For I type curve, it is respectively MAX1, MAX2, MAX3 to have 3 maximum on differential curve；For II type curve, because it does not have The inflection point TGL characteristic points of the cooling curve of hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron, so there was only 2 maximum MAX2 on differential curve And MAX3, without MAX1；For III type curve, there was only maximum MAX3 on differential curve；Therefore, when computer measurement and control system System finds have 3 maximum to illustrate the cooling curve on the differential curve of cooling curve for being tested eutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron The inflection point TGL of the cooling curve of upper existing hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron has the cooling curve of hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron again The inflection point TGR of the cooling curve of inflection point TGU and hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron, it is I type curve to judge the cooling curve；Work as discovery Being tested on the differential curve of the cooling curve of eutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron has 2 maximum, illustrates do not have on the cooling curve There is an inflection point TGL of the cooling curve of hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron, and the cooling curve for having hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron turns The inflection point TGR of the cooling curve of point TGU and hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron judges that the cooling curve is bent for II type of cooling curve Line；When only 1 maximum on the differential curve of cooling curve for finding to be tested eutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron, illustrate that this is cold But not only without the inflection point TGL of the cooling curve of hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron but also without hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron on curve The inflection point TGR of the cooling curve of the inflection point TGU of cooling curve and hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron, it is III type to judge the cooling curve Curve；Third walks, and predicts hypereutectic composition vermicular cast iron nodulizing rate：With the characteristic value of the cooling curve obtained by computer measurement and control system determines the above-mentioned first step, if judging the first step in second step The cooling curve of gained is I type curve, and characteristic value includes △ T1、△T2、K1、K2、TEU、TES、TGU、TGL；If sentence in second step It is II type curve to determine the cooling curve obtained by the first step, and characteristic value includes △ T1、△T2、K1、K2、TEU、TES、TGU；If second It is III type curve that the cooling curve obtained by the first step is judged in step, and characteristic value includes △ T1、△T2、K1、K2, TEU, TES, wherein TEU is hypereutectic vermicular cast iron eutectic minimum temperature, TES is hypereutectic vermicular cast iron eutectic end temp, TGU is hypereutectic compacted Minimum temperature is precipitated in austenite before black cast iron eutectic, TGL is hypereutectic vermicular cast iron kish Precipitation Temperature, △ T1It is excessively common Brilliant vermicular cast iron eutectic recalescence, △ T2Temperature difference, K for hypereutectic vermicular cast iron TEU and TES1For hypereutectic vermicular cast iron eutectic Later stage accounts for the time scale of entire process of setting, K2It is solidifying before the inflection point TEU of cooling curve for hypereutectic vermicular cast iron molten iron Admittedly account for the time scale of entire process of setting, then the type of cooling curve of the computer measurement and control system according to obtained by the first step from The dynamic following respective formula of selection calculates prediction hypereutectic composition vermicular cast iron nodulizing rate：Formula (1)：VGRⅠ=c0+c1·△T1+c2·△T2+c3·K1+c4·K2+c5·TEU+c6·TES+c7·TGU+c8· TGL,Formula (2)：VGRⅡ=c0+c1·△T1+c2·△T2+c3·K1+c4·K2+c5·TEU+c6·TES+c7TGU,Formula (3)：VGRⅢ=c0+c1·△T1+c2·△T2+c3·K1+c4·K2+c5·TEU+c6TES,Wherein, VGRⅠ、VGRⅡAnd VGRⅢIt represents respectively and is tested the compacted ink of eutectic shown in I type curve, II type curve and III type curve The prediction nodulizing rate of molten cast iron；For I type curve, K1=tTES-TER/tTES-TGL, K2=tTEU-TGL/tTES-TGL；For II type song Line, K1=tTES-TER/tTES-TGU, K2=tTEU-TGU/tTES-TGU；For III type curve, K1=tTES-TER/tTES-TEU, K2=0；△T1 =TER-TEU, △ T2=TEU-TES；tTES-TERFor the time of TER to TES, tTES-TGLFor the time of TGL to TES, tTEU-TGLFor The time of TGL to TEU, tTEU-TGUFor the time of TGU to TEU, tTES-TGUFor the time of TGU to TES, tTES-TEUFor TEU to TES Time；c0For constant, c1、c2、c3、c4、c5、c6、c7、c8For coefficient every in predictor formula, c0With items in predictor formula Coefficient be above-mentioned spy by the cooling curve recorded and drawn out that vermicular cast iron molten iron temperature is changed with time Value indicative is as independent variable, using the practical nodulizing rate of casting corresponding to the every cooling curve measured as quick metallographic method as because becoming Amount carries out what multiple linear regression obtained.
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